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- Camner, P, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and calculated parameters on particle phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 92:6, s. 2608-2616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phagocytosis of three types of fluorescein-labeled test particles by rat alveolar macrophages (AM) were studied: spherical silica (3.2 μm), heat-killed Candida albicans (3.8 μm), and heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans (6.1 μm) opsonized with specific IgG. These particles should attach to scavenger, mannose, and Fc receptors, respectively. Both control AM and AM pretreated for 20 h with interferon-γ (12.5 or 50 U/ml) were studied. The sum of the number of attached and ingested particles per AM (accumulated attachment) was used as a measure of the attachment process, and the number of ingested particles per AM divided by the accumulated attachment (ingested fraction) was used as a measure of the ingestion process. The average ingestion time (IT), which is also a measure of the ingestion process, was calculated from the experimental data. The ingestion process was independent of the attachment process. IT increased with the time of observation. This is explained by the fact that IT determined from observation times shorter than the whole distribution of IT for a certain particle results in a shorter IT than the real average IT. C. albicans (mannose receptor) had the fastest ingestion process, C. neoformans opsonized with specific IgG (Fc receptor) had ingestion that was nearly as fast, and the silica particles (scavenger receptors) had the slowest ingestion process. Treatment with interferon-γ markedly impaired the attachment process for all three types of particles (and three types of receptors) but clearly impaired the ingestion process only for silica particles (scavenger receptors).
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- Linnarsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicity of lunar dust
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633. ; 74:1, s. 57-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Upadhyay, S, et al.
(författare)
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Establishment of Repeated In Vitro Exposure System for Evaluating Pulmonary Toxicity of Representative Criteria Air Pollutants Using Advanced Bronchial Mucosa Models
- 2022
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Ingår i: Toxics. - : MDPI AG. - 2305-6304. ; 10:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is mounting evidence that shows the association between chronic exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous) and onset of various respiratory impairments. However, the corresponding toxicological mechanisms of mixed exposure are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish a repeated exposure setting for evaluating the pulmonary toxicological effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as representative criterial air pollutants. Single, combined (DEP with NO2 and SO2), and repeated exposures were performed using physiologically relevant human bronchial mucosa models developed at the air–liquid interface (bro-ALI). The bro-ALI models were generated using human primary bronchial epithelial cells (3–4 donors; 2 replicates per donor). The exposure regime included the following: 1. DEP (12.5 µg/cm2; 3 min/day, 3 days); 2. low gaseous (NO2: 0.1 ppm + SO2: 0.2 ppm); (30 min/day, 3 days); 3. high gaseous (NO2: 0.2 ppm + SO2: 0.4 ppm) (30 min/day, 3 days); and 4. single combined (DEP + low gaseous for 1 day). The markers for pro-inflammatory (IL8, IL6, NFKB, TNF), oxidative stress (HMOX1, GSTA1, SOD3,) and tissue injury/repair (MMP9, TIMP1) responses were assessed at transcriptional and/ or secreted protein levels following exposure. The corresponding sham-exposed samples under identical conditions served as the control. A non-parametric statistical analysis was performed and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Repeated exposure to DEP and single combined (DEP + low gaseous) exposure showed significant alteration in the pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress and tissue injury responses compared to repeated exposures to gaseous air pollutants. The study demonstrates that it is feasible to predict the long-term effects of air pollutants using the above explained exposure system.
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