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| 4. |
- Karlsson, B R, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of cerebral ischemia on hypotension-induced increase in plasma vasopressin and hepatic glycogen concentration in the rat.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Circulatory shock. - 0092-6213. ; 34:4, s. 371-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of cerebral ischemia on the vasopressin response to hemorrhagic hypotension and on the hepatic and muscular glycogen mobilization was studied in rats. The addition of cerebral ischemia to the hemorrhage required withdrawal of significantly more blood to lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 50 mmHg but not if combined with ganglionic blockade. The increase in plasma vasopressin concentration during hypotension was not significantly different in rats with and without concurrent cerebral ischemia. Ganglionic blockade blunted the vasopressin response. Thus cerebral ischemia in fact attenuated the vasopressin response to hemorrhage. One hour after the insult, the hormone concentration in rats exposed to combined cerebral ischemia and hemorrhagic hypotension without ganglionic blockade was still above control levels and higher than in all other groups. Concomitantly the hepatic but not the muscular glycogen concentration in these rats was significantly lower than in the other groups.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, B R, et al.
(författare)
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The severity of postischemic hypoperfusion increases with duration of cerebral ischemia in rats.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 38:3, s. 248-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow was studied after a period of hypotensive bilateral carotid occlusion in rats. As other studies have found, we confirm that 15 min of ischemia caused an initial brief hyperemic episode followed by severe hypoperfusion in all areas. With varying duration of ischemia from 5 to 10, 15 and 20 min, the median cerebral blood flow 60 min postischemia was 79%, 46%, 48% and 34% of control, respectively. Thus the degree of postischemic hypoperfusion increased significantly with the duration of ischemia.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kressner, U, et al.
(författare)
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Stromal tenascin distribution as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer
- 1997
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER. - : CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. - 0007-0920. ; 76:4, s. 526-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 169 colorectal adenocarcinomas, obtained from patients with a median follow-up of 6.5 years, were studied with immunohistochemical staining on cryosections using a monoclonal anti-tenascin antibody to evaluate the possible association between t
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ljung, A, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of cells in regenerating cartilage from autotransplanted perichondrium. immunohistochemical expression of smooth-muscle actin, desmin, vimentin, and Ki-67.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 0284-4311 .- 1651-2073. ; 33:3, s. 257-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autotransplanted perichondrium from rib and ear sutured to the knee joints of 26 rabbits has been examined with immunohistochemistry and shows certain structural, functional, and proliferative characteristics of regenerating cartilage. Cryostat sections have been examined for the expression of smooth-muscle actin (SMA), desmin, vimentin, and Ki-67. In this rabbit model of perichondrial grafting SMA staining showed vivid vessel regeneration, particularly in the proliferating stage about two to three weeks after grafting, and no vessels in more mature parts one month or more after transplantation. Desmin staining showed expression and distribution similar to SMA. Vimentin staining shows the cytoskeleton of regenerating cartilaginous tissue and makes cellular borders apparent. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 is constantly negative in perichondrial tissue from rib and ear before transplantation, clearly positive in the proliferative stage, but there is no expression in maturing cartilage. The study also shows that all human antibodies used are applicable in a rabbit model.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 18. |
- Forsgren, P, et al.
(författare)
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Intrapulmonary deposition of aerosolized Evans blue dye and liposomes in an experimental porcine model of early ARDS.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 95:2, s. 117-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In early ARDS (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome) and other inflammatory pulmonary disorders the lung might benefit from a high local deposition of an active drug, in order to optimize the local concentration without systemic side effects. In this methodological study we used pigs under controlled ventilation. The study was carried out in two steps. In the first part Evans blue dye in NaCl was delivered in aerosolized form. In the second part a dry powder containing FITC (fluorescein-isothiocyanate)-labelled-liposomes in NaCl was delivered in the same way. We evaluated whether there was an even, central, peripheral and/or alveolar deposition, whether the procedure was reproducible, and whether there was an interaction with alveolar macrophages. Sixteen animals under chlormethiazole anaesthesia and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) were included in the study. Four animals were sacrificed after nebulization and baseline measurements. Five animals served as controls and received saline i.v. Six animals received endotoxin i.v. (18 micrograms.kg-1.h-1). One animal underwent broncho-alveolar lavage 15 min and 2 h after liposome administration. At the end of each experiment the lungs were inflated with air, excised and dried in a microwave oven. The left lung of each animal was sliced in a reproducible manner and lung-pieces from different regions were analyzed. The Evans blue dye or the phospholipid fraction of the lungs (containing liposomes), was extracted and analyzed spectrofluorometrically. This study shows that it is possible, under reproducible conditions, to administer aerosolized Evans blue dye and liposomes and to achieve a deposition in the terminal airways and/or alveolar spaces. The broncho-alveolar lavage demonstrated an interaction of liposomes with alveolar macrophages. The results imply that liposomes carrying active drugs and administered by inhalation may be used for local pulmonary treatment in early ARDS and other related inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Graf, W, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy on human wound healing.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4804 .- 1095-8673. ; 57:3, s. 394-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell ingrowth, hydroxyproline accumulation, and mRNA expression of collagen I were measured in two polytetrafluoroethylene grafts implanted subcutaneously at the time of colorectal cancer surgery to evaluate the influence of early postoperative chemotherapy on human wound healing. Eleven patients treated with intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil and intravenous folinic acid Days 1-6 after operation were compared with 15 patients who underwent surgery alone. At 1 week, chemotherapy-treated patients had accumulated less hydroxyproline (mean 0.35 +/- 0.33 micrograms/cm) compared with untreated patients (mean 0.73 +/- 0.37 micrograms/cm, P < 0.05). By 2 weeks, the hydroxyproline content had increased sixfold in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.01) and threefold in the nonchemotherapy group (P < 0.01) and there was no difference between the groups. Cell and connective tissue ingrowth and total RNA content did not differ between the groups at any point in time, but at 1 week the mRNA expression of collagen I was higher in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that collagen accumulation in human subjects is reduced during a short course of postoperative chemotherapy and normalizes after the end of treatment.
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| 23. |
- Grøgaard, B, et al.
(författare)
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Delayed hypoperfusion after incomplete forebrain ischemia in the rat. The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : SAGE Publications. - 0271-678X .- 1559-7016. ; 9:4, s. 500-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in postischemic delayed hypoperfusion in the rat brain was investigated. Cerebral ischemia was accomplished by reversible bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 15 min combined with bleeding to an MABP of 50 mm Hg. The animals of one group were depleted of their circulating. PMNLs by intraperitoneal injections of an antineutrophil serum (ANS) prior to the experiment. All animals included in this group had fewer than 0.2 x 10(9) circulating PMNLs/L at the start of the experiments. In another group ANS was injected intravenously for 5 min starting 2 min after the ischemic insult. After 4 min of recirculation, the number of circulating PMNLs in this group was below 10% of the normal. Control animals were injected with the same amount of normal sheep serum or were not treated at all. Sixty minutes after termination of ischemia, the local blood flow in previously ischemic cerebral structures was 40-50% of the normal as measured with the [14C]iodoantipyrine technique. In animals treated with ANS prior to the ischemic insult, the postischemic blood flow in the frontal, sensorimotor, and parietal cortex as well as caudoputamen and thalamus was significantly higher than that in non-ANS-treated animals. Treatment with ANS immediately after the ischemic period caused no improvement of the local CBF. It is concluded that PMNLs are involved in the cerebral postischemic flow derangements seen in this model. Their effects seem to be exerted during ischemia or immediately upon reinstitution of blood flow.
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| 24. |
- Grögaard, B, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of carotid artery occlusion and ganglionic blockade on regional blood flows and intestinal damage after haemorrhagic hypotension in the rat.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 127:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of cerebral ischaemia by carotid artery occlusion and of a ganglionic blocking agent (Arfonad) on cardiac output and regional blood flows were studied after 15 min of haemorrhagic hypotension (mean arterial pressure 50 mmHg) in the rat. The microsphere technique was used for blood flow determinations. Animals subjected to haemorrhagic hypotension and simultaneous carotid artery occlusion (group BC) exhibited a stronger immediate vasoconstrictor response than animals subjected to haemorrhagic hypotension only (group B) and more blood had to be withdrawn to achieve stable hypotension at 50 mmHg (2.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.4 ml per 100 g body weight (body wt); P less than 0.05). However, group B showed the same decrease in cardiac output as group BC, but the blood flows of the kidneys, spleen, intestine, liver and skin were less deranged at the end of the hypotensive period. Groups B and BC exhibited similar intestinal ischaemic mucosal damage, measured as leakage of [125I]albumin. When induction of haemorrhagic hypotension was combined with ganglionic blockade administration (Arfonad) and carotid artery occlusion (group ABC), significantly less blood had to be withdrawn than in groups BC (1.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.1 ml per 100 g body wt; P less than 0.05). The blood flows of the kidneys, small intestine, liver, spleen and skin were less compromised in group ABC. In addition, group BC had more profound metabolic acidosis and were more haemoconcentrated than group ABC; moreover, group BC, tended to be hypoglycaemic and showed intestinal mucosal damage, whereas neither of these effects occurred in group ABC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 25. |
- Grøgaard, B, et al.
(författare)
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Forebrain ischemia in the rat. Relation between duration of ischemia, use of adjunctive ganglionic blockade and long-term recovery.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 17:5, s. 1010-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between duration of ischemia, use of adjunctive ganglionic blockade and long-term recovery was studied in a rat model giving reversible subtotal forebrain ischemia. Ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery clamping and controlled hemorrhage to a mean arterial pressure of 50 mm Hg in animals artificially ventilated under 70% N2O. After variable lengths of time, the clamps were removed and the drawn blood was reinfused. In some animals, the ganglion blocker Arfonad was given (group A+) on induction of ischemia to facilitate hypotension. There was a strict dose-response relationship between duration of ischemia and mortality. Mortality was higher among animals not given Arfonad (group A-; 37% after 10 min of ischemia and 100% after 13 min) than in group A+ (about 20% after 12-13 min of ischemia, 50% after 15 min and 80% after 19 min). In group A+ more than half of the animals died later than 24 h after ischemia. All of them were hyperexcitable and 12% died during witnessed epileptic fits. Group A- animals regularly died within the first 24 h, with no indication of central nervous system involvement. Less blood had to be drawn to attain hypotension (mean arterial pressure 50 mm Hg) in group A+ (1.5 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g b.w.) than in group A- (2.5 +/- 0.2 ml/100 g b.w.). Group A+ also had less "washout" acidosis 5 min after reinfusion of the shed blood than group A- (15 min of ischemia: pH 7.24 +/- 0.07 v 6.96 +/- 0.06).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 26. |
- Grøgaard, B, et al.
(författare)
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Inability of flunarizine, lidoflazine or magnesium to counteract delayed hypoperfusion after forebrain ischaemia in the rat.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 95:3-4, s. 136-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) was measured autoradiographically 60 min after 15 min of forebrain ischaemia in rats treated with flunarizine (0.1 mg/kg b.w.), lidoflazine (1.0 mg/kg b.w.) or Mg2+ (600 mumol/kg b.w.) before or at the end of the ischaemic period. Incomplete forebrain ischaemia was produced by a combination of common carotid artery occlusion and bleeding to a mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mmHg. During ischaemia lCBFs in cortical areas were less than 1% of preischaemic values. Neither flunarizine, lidoflazine nor Mg2+ influenced lCBF during ischaemia. Sixty minutes after the start of recirculation lCBFs were decreased to between 40 and 60% of the values found in control animals. None of the instituted treatments improved postischaemic cerebral blood flow. The results do not lend support to the view that calcium plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of delayed postischaemic hypoperfusion in the brain in this model.
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| 27. |
- Grøgaard, B, et al.
(författare)
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The polymorphonuclear leukocyte : has it a role in fracture healing?
- 1990
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Ingår i: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. - 0936-8051 .- 1434-3916. ; 109:5, s. 268-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to assess whether the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the first stage of fracture repair was of any importance. In anesthetized male Wistar rats, a transverse osteotomy was performed at midshaft in one femur and immediately stabilized by an intramedullary Kirschner nail. The animals were allowed unprotected weight bearing immediately. Nine animals were made neutropenic before operation by injection of a specific rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte antiserum (antineutrophil serum, ANS) raised in sheep. The number of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes were kept below 20% of their normal value for 72 h postoperatively by intraperitoneal injections of ANS every 12 h. Control animals were injected with the same amount of normal sheep serum (NSS). All animals received cefuroxime (100 mg/kg day) concomitantly with the ANS injections. Six weeks after operation the animals were killed, the amount of callus formation was measured, and the bones were radiologically examined. The nails were then removed and both the healing fractures and the nonoperated femurs mechanically tested for bending. There were no differences in the amount of callus measured or in radiological healing. However, there was a significantly higher bending moment in femurs from animals treated with ANS than in those given NSS (P less than 0.02). No differences were observed in rigidity or total energy absorption.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Helmius, G, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction without coronary occlusion. A morphologic study in sheep.
- 1982
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 87:1, s. 67-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The macroscopic, histologic and enzyme-histochemical characteristics of the myocardial lesion obtained after heating of a thermoprobe in a branch of the left coronary artery in sheep is reported. In 13 sheep such myocardial lesions were produced distal to the location of the thermoprobe. Alterations were observed in accordance with generally accepted morphologic criteria for myocardial infarction. The coronary artery branch in which the thermoprobe was located showed erythrocyte and platelet aggregates immediately after the heating episode, which disappeared within a few min, as demonstrated by coronary arteriography. Injection of radiolabelled microspheres into the coronary circulation after induction of the myocardial lesion, cryosectioning of the heart and autoradiography revealed a lack of blood flow in the damaged myocardial region. We consider this new method a suitable tool for further studies on the complex pathology involved in the development of myocardial infarction.
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| 30. |
- Holtz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Blocking weight-induced spinal cord injury in rats : effects of TRH or naloxone on motor function recovery and spinal cord blood flow.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 80:3, s. 215-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) or naloxone to reduce the motor function deficit and to improve the spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was investigated in a rat spinal cord compression injury model. Spinal cord injury was induced by compression for 5 min with a load of 35 g on a 2.2 x 5.0 mm sized compression plate causing a transient paraparesis. One group of animals was given TRH, one group naloxone and one group saline alone. Each drug was administered intravenously as a bolus dose of 2 mg/kg 60 min after injury followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h for 4 h. The motor performance was assessed daily on the inclined plane until Day 4, when SCBF was measured with the 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic method. It was found that neither TRH nor naloxone had promoted motor function recovery or affected SCBF 4 days after spinal cord injury.
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| 31. |
- Holtz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of methylprednisolone on motor function and spinal cord blood flow after spinal cord compression in rats.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 82:1, s. 68-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of methylprednisolone (MP) on neurologic recovery and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was investigated up to 4 days after a spinal cord compression injury in rats. The injury was produced at midthoracic level by applying a load of 35 g on a 2.2 x 5.0 mm compression plate for 5 min, which resulted in transient paraparesis. MP was given as a bolus dose of 30 mg/kg i.v. 60 min after injury (n = 20) and controls were given saline (n = 10). The motor performance was assessed daily as the capacity angle on the inclined plane and SCBF was measured by 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography on Days 1 or 4. On Day 1 the capacity angle was reduced from about 63 degrees preoperatively to 33 +/- 2 degrees (mean +/- SEM) in the control group and to 50 +/- 1 degrees in the group treated with MP (p less than 0.05). Thereafter there was a slight improvement in both groups, but the difference persisted throughout the observation period. On Day 4 both gray and white matter SCBF was better preserved in MP-treated animals than in the control group (59 +/- 4 versus 49 +/- 3 ml/min/100 g tissue for gray matter and 13.6 +/- 0.6 versus 10.7 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g tissue for white matter). Posttraumatic treatment with MP, thus, improved both the neurologic recovery during the first 4 days and SCBF as measured on Day 4. It is speculated that the effect of MP is at least partly exerted on the vascular bed.
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| 32. |
- Holtz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropathological changes and neurological function after spinal cord compression in the rat.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 7:3, s. 155-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of a series of experimental investigations of the effects of various pharmacological agents on the outcome of compressive spinal cord trauma in the rat, the time course of the cell changes in the cord at the site of and distal to the compression was studied at the light microscopic level. The degree of compression used with the present model results in a transient paraparesis that recovers almost completely over a period of 3 weeks as judged by the inclined plane technique. The most significant morphological findings were as follows. Initially (1 and 24 h after the impact) there was pronounced swelling and hemorrhage at the compression site, chiefly in the gray matter of the cord. On day 4 there was severe necrosis in the same region, with numerous macrophages and leukocytes. Rats killed after 21 days showed either minor residual signs of necrosis or essentially normal tissue architecture. Surprisingly, necrosis with delayed onset also developed in the dorsal columns, involving the pyramidal tracts. This necrosis was detected in animals killed after 9 and 21 days but not in those observed after 4 days or earlier. The longitudinal tracts of the white matter showed reduced staining in paraffin sections of the compression site. Epon sections revealed splits in the myelin sheaths and enlarged periaxonal spaces as early as 1 h after the impact. The alterations in the longitudinal tracts persisted throughout the 21-day observation period and extended down to L2-L4. There was gradual functional recovery, documented by the inclined plane test. Preinjury values were almost reached on day 21, although the cord still showed some morphological damage. In individual animals, no relation was found between degree of function as tested by inclined plane and extent of morphologic injury. Additional functional and morphological methods obviously are needed in future investigations of the effects of treatments on the outcome of compressive spinal cord injury.
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| 33. |
- Holtz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of spinal cord blood flow in the rat as measured by quantitative autoradiography.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 133:4, s. 485-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and its response to alterations in blood gases and to systemic hypotension, haemodilution and barbiturate anaesthesia were measured in 47 rats at the level of Th 7-8 by quantitative autoradiography with [14C]iodoantipyrine ([14C]IAP) as tracer. During normocapnia and normoxia the mean SCBF values in the grey and white matter were 94 +/- 21 and 17 +/- 3 ml min-1 100 g-1, respectively. SCBF was highly dependent on PaCO2. Thus in hypercapnic animals (PaCO2 greater than 9 kPa) SCBF was increased in grey and white matter to 228 +/- 22 and 54 +/- 7 ml min-1 100 g-1, while during hypocapnia (PaCO2 less than 3.9 kPa) it was decreased to 64 +/- 14 and 11 +/- 2 ml min-1 100 g-1, respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was reduced by withdrawal of blood to 80 +/- 8 mmHg in a light hypotension group and to 53 +/- 11 mmHg in a severe hypotension group, compared with 126 +/- 13 mmHg in a control group. There was no significant difference in SCBF between the control group and the hypotension groups, suggesting that autoregulation is maintained down to an MABP of at least 50 mmHg. Normovolaemic haemodilution, with a reduction of the haematocrit from 50 +/- 2 to 33 +/- 3, increased SCBF to 113 +/- 9 ml min-1 100 g-1 in grey matter and to 21 +/- 12 ml min-1 100 g-1 in white matter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 34. |
- Holtz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Relation between spinal cord blood flow and functional recovery after blocking weight-induced spinal cord injury in rats.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 26:6, s. 952-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and motor performance on the inclined plane were measured up to 9 days after a reversible spinal cord compression injury in 49 Sprague-Dawley rats. A load of 35 g on 11 mm2 of the thoracic spinal cord for 5 minutes caused transient paraparesis with a decrease in the capacity angle on the inclined plane from 62 +/- 1 degree (mean +/- SEM) before injury to 33 +/- 1 degree on Day 1, 45 +/- 2 degrees on Day 4, d and 54 +/- 3 degrees on Day 9. SCBF was measured by the [14C]iodoantipyrine method, and in gray matter there was a decrease from 78.4 +/- 2.3 ml/min/100 g of tissue in uninjured animals to 33.7 +/- 1.5 ml/min/100 g of tissue on Day 1 after injury, increasing to 50.1 +/- 2.0 on Day 4 and to 70.5 +/- 2.7 ml/min/100 g of tissue on Day 9. At the corresponding times, the SCBF values in white matter were 14.5 +/- 0.5, 6.7 +/- 0.5, 10.2 +/- 0.6, and 13.4 +/- 0.6 ml/min/100 g of tissue, respectively. The animals in another group were loaded with 25 g for 5 minutes and on Day 1 exhibited a capacity angle of 43 +/- 2 degrees while the SCBF values for gray and white matter were 55.1 +/- 2.0 and 11.1 +/- 0.4 ml/min/100 g of tissue, respectively; thus, the results in this group were similar to the values on Day 4 in the animals loaded with 35 g.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 35. |
- Holtz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Spinal cord blood flow measured by 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography during and after graded spinal cord compression in rats.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Surgical Neurology. - 0090-3019 .- 1879-3339. ; 31:5, s. 350-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relations between degree of thoracic spinal cord compression causing myelographic block, reversible paraparesis, and extinction of the sensory evoked potential on one hand, and spinal cord blood flow on the other, were investigated. This was done in rats using the blocking weight-technique and 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography. A load of 9 g caused myelographic block. Five minutes of compression with that load caused a reduction of spinal cord blood flow to about 25%, but 5 and 60 minutes after the compression spinal cord blood flow was restored to 60% of the pretrauma value. A load of 35 g for 5 minutes caused transient paraparesis. Recovery to about 30% was observed 5 and 60 minutes thereafter. During compression at a load of 55 g, which caused almost total extinction of sensory evoked potential and irreversible paraplegia, spinal cord blood flow under the load ceased. The results indicate that myelographic block occurs at a load which does not cause irreversible paraparesis and that a load which permits sensory evoked potential to be elicited results in potentially salvageable damage.
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| 36. |
- Holtz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Spinal cord injury in rats : inability of nimodipine or anti-neutrophil serum to improve spinal cord blood flow or neurologic status.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 79:6, s. 460-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of a calcium-mediated increase in vascular resistance and of vascular damage caused by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in the development of neurologic deficit and disturbance of spinal cord circulation following spinal cord compression was studied in the rat. Spinal cord injury was induced by 5 min of compression with a load of 35 g on a 2.2 X 5.0 mm compression plate. This caused transient paraparesis. The rats received either the calcium receptor antagonist nimodipine or an anti-rat neutrophil serum (ANS). Nimodipine was infused i.v. for 4 h in an amount of 1.5 micrograms/kg/min starting 60 min after trauma. The number of circulating PMNLs was depleted by intraperitoneal injection of an ANS raised in sheep given 12 h before trauma. This caused a reduction to about 2% of the pre-ANS value. Controls received saline or normal sheep serum. The motor performance was assessed daily on the inclined plane. On day one, the day after injury, the capacity angle had decreased from about 63 degrees preoperatively to close to 32 degrees in the experimental groups. There was then a slow improvement in both the control and experimental groups and on day 4 the capacity angle was close to 43 degrees in all 3 groups. Spinal cord blood flow, as measured with the 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography method, was similar in all groups on day 4. As neither the neurologic dysfunction nor the spinal cord blood flow was affected by post-trauma treatment with nimodipine or pretreatment with ANS, the possibility that calcium-mediated vasoconstriction or PMNLs play a role in the development of posttraumatic neurologic disability was not supported by this study.
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| 37. |
- Jahnson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced mucosal perianastomotic capillary density in rat small intestine with chronic radiation damage.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Radiation Research. - 0033-7587 .- 1938-5404. ; 150:5, s. 542-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anastomoses in an intestine with chronic radiation damage are prone to leakage, possibly due to a reduced blood supply induced by a reduced capillary bed. In an animal model, the numerical capillary density in the perianastomotic area was investigated in intestine with or without chronic radiation damage. A 2-cm segment of rat ileum received a single dose of 21 Gy. Twenty weeks later, when the chronic radiation-induced changes were established, an anastomosis was constructed in this segment and in a corresponding segment in control rats. In situ perfusion fixation of the intestine was done 4 or 7 days after construction of the anastomosis, sections of the intestine were removed surgically, the specimens were embedded in methacrylate plastic and sectioned at 2.5 microm, and capillaries were counted under a light microscope. The circumferential mucosal capillary density was lower in irradiated than in nonirradiated animals at both 4 and 7 days (P < 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively). This reduction was greater in the mesenteric quadrant than in the other quadrants around the circumference. These results are indicative of a reduced capillary bed in the vicinity of anastomoses in intestine with chronic radiation damage, which might lead to an impeded blood supply and subsequent leakage.
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| 38. |
- Johnsson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Hyaluronidase ameliorates rejection-induced edema.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Transplant International. - 0934-0874 .- 1432-2277. ; 12:4, s. 235-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyaluronan, a glucosaminoglycan with unique water-binding capacity, is accumulated in the interstitial edematous tissue in rejecting organs. We here investigated whether the increased tissue content of water and hyaluronan seen during allograft rejection can be prevented by treatment with the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme hyaluronidase. Heterotopic heart transplantations between PVG and Wistar/Kyoto rats were performed. Recipient rats were treated with hyaluronidase prophylactically or therapeutically, either alone or in combination with cyclosporine. Daily intravenous injections of hyaluronidase induced a significant reduction of the cardiac content of both hyaluronan and water, as evaluated on day six after transplantation. Morphological examination revealed grafts with better preserved morphology and fewer infiltrating mononuclear cells, compared to untreated controls. Hyaluronidase therapy, alone or combined with cyclosporine, resulted in prolonged graft survival times. Hyaluronidase infusion for two hours also reduced already established edema five days after transplantation. This study confirms the hypothesis that hyaluronan accumulation plays a critical role in edema formation, and that hyaluronidase therapy can be used to reduce edema after organ transplantation.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Lebel, L, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of increased hydrostatic pressure on lymphatic elimination of hyaluronan from sheep lung.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 64:4, s. 1327-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of increased hydrostatic pressure on the concentrations of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in lung lymph and serum were investigated in awake sheep with a cannula in the efferent vessel from the caudal mediastinal lymph node. Lung lymph was sampled at base line [left atrial pressure (LAP) 6.5 +/- 1.7 mmHg] and after two increases of LAP to 25.7 +/- 2.2 mmHg (level 1) and 37.0 +/- 5.1 mmHg (level 2). The lung lymph flow increased from 1.9 +/- 0.5 at base line to 9.3 +/- 2.2 and 15.9 +/- 0.7 ml/30 min, and the lymph-to-plasma concentration ratio of total protein decreased from 0.63 +/- 0.02 to 0.32 +/- 0.04 and 0.32 +/- 0.05 at the two elevated levels of LAP, respectively. The hyaluronan concentration in lung lymph was unchanged, and there was a flow-dependent elimination of hyaluronan from the lung that increased from 23 +/- 8 to 87 +/- 19 and 137 +/- 37 micrograms/30 min, respectively. The lung concentration of hyaluronan was 167 +/- 28 micrograms/g fresh lung, and at base line it was calculated that slightly less than 2% of the lung hyaluronan was eliminated by the lymphatic route in 24 h. If extrapolated to 24 h, the elimination rate of hyaluronan seen during elevated LAP would result in lymphatic elimination of 18% of the lung hyaluronan over this time period. Since hyaluronan is responsible for part of the protein exclusion in the extracellular matrix, it is plausible that washout of interstitial hyaluronan contributes to the decrease in albumin exclusion from the interstitium that occurs after an elevation of LAP.
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| 42. |
- Lebel, L, et al.
(författare)
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Increased lymphatic elimination of interstitial hyaluronan during E. coli sepsis in sheep.
- 1989
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. - 0002-9513 .- 2163-5773. ; 256:6 Pt 2, s. H1524-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of septicemia on the elimination of hyaluronan (HA) from the lung interstitium was investigated in awake sheep with chronic lung lymph and thoracic duct fistulas. The result was compared with that after elevation of left atrial pressure (LAP). Lymph was sampled before and after a 20-min infusion of Escherichia coli (10(9) bacteria/kg body wt.), after elevation of LAP, or both. Infusion of E. coli caused an increased flux of HA in lung lymph and thoracic duct lymph. After an elevation of LAP, the HA flux in lung lymph was increased to a comparable extent. In animals subjected to an increase in LAP and subsequently to infusion of E. coli, no additive effect on HA flux was seen. The weight-average molecular weight of HA in lung lymph was increased both after sepsis and after elevation of LAP. The findings show that sepsis and elevated transvascular hydrostatic pressure result in increased mobilization of HA from the interstitium. This might partly explain the increased HA concentrations in plasma in clinical sepsis and may also lead to a change in the characteristics of the interstitial matrix in this condition.
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| 43. |
- Lie, A, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Skin Prick Test Reading Time at 10 versus 15 min in Young Infants
- 2022
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Ingår i: International archives of allergy and immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 183:8, s. 824-834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The optimal time point for reading the mean wheal diameter (MWD) of a skin prick test (SPT) in infants is not established. We aimed to assess if either of two reading time points of the SPT, 10 or 15 min, was superior to detect allergic sensitization (AS) in 6-month-old infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 1,431 6-month-old infants from the population-based Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in children (PreventADALL) mother-child cohort, the SPT was performed with standard solutions for egg, cow’s milk, peanut, wheat, soy, birch, timothy, dog, and cat. The MWD was measured after 10 and 15 min. AS was defined as a positive SPT with MWD ≥2 mm larger than the negative control. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 149 (10.4%) infants were sensitized to at least one allergen at 10 and/or 15 min, while 138 (9.6%) had a positive SPT at 10 min and 141 (9.9%) at 15 min. A total of 12,873 allergen pricks were performed with 212 (1.6%) being positive at any time point, 194 (1.5%) positive at 10 min, and 196 (1.5%) positive at 15 min. The mean (95% CI) histamine MWD of 3.8 (3.8, 3.9) mm at 10 min was significantly larger than the 3.6 (3.6, 3.7) mm at 15 min. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> Reading the SPT after both 10 and 15 min increased the number of 6-month-old infants with documented AS compared to reading after one time point only. As neither 10 nor 15 min reading time was superior to the other in detecting AS, our results indicate that readings at both time points should be considered. However, the histamine MWD was significantly larger at 10 min compared to 15 min. Reappraisal of SPT reading in infancy may be warranted.
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| 44. |
- Lindmark, G, et al.
(författare)
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Interconnection of integrins alpha 2 and alpha 3 and structure of the basal membrane in colorectal cancer : relation to survival.
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 19:1, s. 50-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression and distribution of integrin subunits alpha 2 and alpha 3 and two of their putative ligands, type IV collagen and laminin, were examined by immunohistochemistry in specimens from 33 consecutive patients operated on for colorectal adenocarcinomas. Both tumour cells and normal epithelium expressed the alpha 2 and alpha 3 subunits. Two typical patterns of expression could be discerned; a basolateral expression and a diffuse cytoplasmic expression. The stained tumour specimens were assessed according to (i) distribution of integrin expression (diffusely cytoplasmic or basolateral), (ii) continuity in basolateral integrin expression, and (iii) interconnection of integrin expression and expression of type IV collagen and laminin. These parameters were then related to tumour differentiation, tumour stage according to Dukes' classification, DNA-ploidy and patient survival (median observation time was 30 months; range 24-35). The continuity in the basolateral expression of alpha 3 but not of alpha 2, correlated with the basal membrane expression of type IV collagen (P < 0.001). Loss of continuity in the basolateral expression of both integrins was significantly related to impaired tumour differentiation (alpha 2 P = 0.02; alpha 3 P = 0.01), more advanced Dukes' stage (alpha 2 = 0.07, alpha 3 P < 0.001), survival rate (both integrins P < 0.05), but not to DNA-ploidy. These data suggest that determination of the pattern of expression of the integrin subunits alpha 2 and alpha 3 in the preoperative biopsy and the surgical specimen could be used as a prognostic indicator.
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| 45. |
- Lindmark, G, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic predictors in colorectal cancer.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - 0012-3706 .- 1530-0358. ; 37:12, s. 1219-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Better prognostic predictors in colorectal cancer than the Dukes stage are necessary for individualized therapy and follow-up.METHODS: Survival among 212 patients operated on for colorectal cancer was examined regarding various clinical, histopathologic, cellular, and serologic tumor characteristics.RESULTS: Beside the Dukes stage, which was the most powerful variable, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocyte blood count, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, six different serum tumor markers, number of small blood vessels, and age were found to be significantly associated with survival. The leukocyte blood count, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase retained their significance in a multivariate model including tumor differentiation, local tumor stage, and age. Inclusion of tissue polypeptide antigen, the most powerful tumor marker in the multivariate model, showed that only the tumor stage, tissue polypeptide antigen, and age were statistically significantly correlated to survival. This was valid both for the group of patients considered as potentially curable and for those who potentially have been cured (Dukes Stages A-C).CONCLUSIONS: A great number of prognostic predictors failed to discard Dukes stage as the best one. One serum tumor marker, tissue polypeptide antigen, contains independent additional prognostic information.
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| 46. |
- Lindmark, G, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic significance of the microvascular count in colorectal cancer
- 1996
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. - : W B SAUNDERS CO. - 0732-183X. ; 14:2, s. 461-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the potential correlations between a high microvascular count and the survival rate in colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Three markers for endothelial cells-Ulex Europaeus Lectin (UEA), a polyclonal anti-van Willebrand fact
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| 47. |
- Lindmark, G, et al.
(författare)
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Stromal expression of platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor and platelet-derived growth factor B-chain in colorectal cancer.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Laboratory Investigation. - 0023-6837 .- 1530-0307. ; 69:6, s. 682-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The importance of growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), for stromal activation in colorectal cancer is unclear.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The expression of beta-receptors for PDGF, and PDGF B-chain (PDGF AB and PDGF BB) was investigated by immunohistologic techniques in full-thickness biopsies from 210 colorectal cancers. These antigens were detected by the monoclonal antibodies PDGFR-B2 and PDGF 007, respectively.RESULTS: All tumors contained granular clusters of PDGF beta-receptor expressing stromal cells, whereas tumor epithelium was invariably negative. The staining was most prominent in vascular cells. There were several cells in the tumor stroma that expressed PDGF AB/BB. Double immunofluorescence stainings in specimens from four patients performed in order to characterize PDGF beta-receptor- and PDGF AB/BB expressing cells showed that cells expressing PDGF beta-receptors did not express PDGF AB/BB. About 20% of cells in the stroma expressing PDGF AB/BB were macrophages (CD68-positive cells), whereas the nature of the remaining stromal cells expressing PDGF AB/BB could not be disclosed. Furthermore, about 30% of CD68-positive macrophages expressed PDGF AB/BB, but not PDGF beta-receptors. The extent of clusters of PDGF beta-receptor expressing cells varied considerably between tumors, and its prognostic value was considered in the entire tumor material. The number of clusters did, however, not correlate to tumor differentiation, tumor stage according to Dukes', or outcome.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cells expressing PDGF beta-receptor and PDGF AB/BB respectively, i.e., expression of the receptor and its ligand, fulfills two of the prerequisites for a role of PDGF in the activation of stromal cells in colorectal cancers. The data suggest that stromal activation, characterized by clusters of PDGF beta-receptor expressing cells, is of importance for the formation of tumor stroma per se. However, the expression of the PDGF beta-receptor has no potential as a prognostic marker.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Nilsson Jannesson, Erik B, 1979-
(författare)
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Strategi, styrning och konkurrenskraft : En longitudinell studie av Saab AB
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att skapa sammanhängande koncern-, affärs- och funktionsstrategier (strategisk kongruens), samt ett styrsystem med ett samstämmigt informationsflöde i och mellan de centrala styrverktygen (integrerad styrning), har sedan länge hävdats vara centralt för koncerners konkurrenskraft. I den mängd empiriska studier som legat till grund för detta har främst en eller två organisatoriska nivåer fokuserats när relationerna mellan strategier, styrning och konkurrenskraft diskuterats. Studier som tar ett helhetsgrepp om dessa samband efterfrågas därför för att öka kunskapen om och förståelsen av sambanden. Föreliggande avhandling svarar mot den efterfrågan.En longitudinell fallstudie för perioden 1995–2007 har genomförts. Strategier, ekonomistyrning och produktionsstyrning på koncern-, affärs- och funktionsnivå har studerats inom försvars- och säkerhetskoncernen Saab AB. Tre affärsenheter har studerats i detalj: Saab Aerosystems, Saab Bofors Dynamics och Saab Systems. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom 74 intervjuer med totalt 54 respondenter samt via både internt och publikt skriftligt material.Avhandlingen visar att strategisk kongruens och integrerad styrning skapas genom ömsesidig anpassning av strategier och styrning på koncern-, affärs- och funktionsnivå. Genom en sådan ömsesidighet anpassas styrningen till koncernens kritiska framgångsfaktorer och ett integrerat informationsflöde skapas. Inom Saab har detta i sin tur påverkat beteendet på alla nivåer och bidragit till att det förändrats i enlighet med strategierna. De senare har därmed implementerats. Samtidigt som dessa beteendeförändringar skett har Saabs konkurrenskraft varit god. Då implementerade strategier, anpassade utifrån omgivningen, kan antas vara en viktig del i ett företags framgång har Saabs strategiska kongruens och integrerade styrning rimligen haft en väsentlig betydelse för koncernens konkurrenskraft.
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