| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Rees, A, et al.
(author)
-
Studies on the 3D Printing of Nanocellulose Structures
- 2014
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanocellulose has a variety of advantages, which make the material most suitable for use in biomedical devices such as wound dressings. The material is strong, can be used for producing transparent films, can keep a moist environment and form elastic gels with bio-responsive characteristics. In this study we explore the application of nanocellulose as a bioink for use in a bioprinting process. Two different nanocelluloses were used, prepared with TEMPO mediated oxidation and a combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation. The combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation produced a homogeneous material with short nanofibrils. The small dimensions of the nanofibrils reduced the viscosity of the nanocellulose thus yielding a material with good rheological properties for use as a bioink. We also demonstrated that both nanocelluloses inhibited bacterial growth, which is an interesting property of these novel materials.
|
|
| 6. |
- Federzoni, L., et al.
(author)
-
Comparison of computer models representing powder compaction process: State of the art review
- 1999
-
In: Powder Metallurgy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-5899 .- 1743-2901. ; 42:4, s. 301-311
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a benchmark study on the use of simulation models to represent the powder compaction process. A two level part that represents a synchroniser hub is used as detailed experimental information for this part is documented in the literature. The models used incorporate different representations of friction and material yielding behaviour together with different fill densities. The study shows that computer modelling is capable of predicting density distributions and tool set force levels for the powder compaction process. It has highlighted the sensitivity of the output with respect to friction, fill density, and material yield models. It has also shown that models that incorporate material behaviour using different material models yield surprisingly reasonable results. Based on best performance, it is now possible to predict density to within 0·05 g cm-3 and tool set force within 10%for an iron powder. The computational requirements indicate a simulation time of typically 1 h for a two level component. This makes simulation a practical tool for this industry sector.
|
|
