| 1. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Event portfolios: asset value, risk and returns
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - 1758-2954 .- 1758-2962. ; 8:3, s. 226-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The research question addressed is whether an event portfolio analysis rooted in financial portfolio theory can yield meaningful insights to complement two approaches to event portfolios. The first approach is extrinsic and rooted in economic impact analysis where events need to demonstrate a financial return on investment. In the second approach events are valued ally, with every event having inherent value and the entire portfolio being valued for its synergistic effects and contribution to social and cultural goals. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Data from visitors to four events in the Sunshine Coast region of Australia are analyzed to illustrate key points, including the notion of “efficient frontier.” Findings – Conceptual development includes an examination of extrinsic and intrinsic perspectives on portfolios, ways to define and measure value, returns, risk, and portfolio management strategies. In the conclusions a number of research questions are raised, and it is argued that the two approaches to value event portfolios can be combined. Research limitations/implications – Only four events were studied, in one Australian local authority. The sample of residents who responded to a questionnaire was biased in terms of age, education and gender. Social implications – Authorities funding events and developing event portfolios for multiple reasons can benefit from more rigorous analysis of the value created. Originality/value – This analysis and conceptual development advances the discourse on portfolio theory applied to event management and event tourism.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Factors that Influence Event Sponsorship
- 2011
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Ingår i: Management Culture in the 21st Century. Proceedings of the European Academy of Management 11th Annual Meeting. - 9789985982471
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to sponsorship research as well as to event management theory and practice by systematically examining a number of factors that influence grant and sponsorship revenue for events (festivals). Data from 260 festival managers in Australia, Norway, Sweden and UK are compared with respect to their events’ revenue sources, ownership and other factors thought to influence revenue. Statistical tests reveal that event size (i.e., attendance), professionalism (as measured by staff numbers) and the "fit" between event and sponsor (as measured by type of event correlated with sponsor type and grant sources) significantly affect event revenue, and a number of practical management implications are discussed. Future research needs and theory development are discussed in the conclusions, focused on a new set of propositions derived from the analysis.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Influencing Grant and Sponsorship Revenue for Festivals
- 2013
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Ingår i: Event Management. - 1525-9951. ; 17:3, s. 195-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to event management theory and practice, and more generally to sponsorship research, by examining grant and sponsorship revenue for festivals. In particular, a number of factors that appear to influence the amounts and sources of external revenues are examined for significant differences. Data obtained from 260 festival managers in Australia, Norway, Sweden, and UK are compared with respect to their events’ revenue sources, ownership, and other factors thought to influence revenue. Statistical tests reveal that festival size (i.e., attendance), professionalism (as measured by staff members), and the “fit” between event and sponsor (as measured by type of event correlated with different sponsors and grant sources) significantly affect festival revenue. It is argued in the conclusion that by applying certain strategies festival managers can enhance their external revenue generation and support. Future research needs and theory development are discussed in the conclusions, focused on a new set of propositions derived from the analysis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Festival and Event Management in Nordic Countries. - New York : Abingdon & New York: Routledge. - 9780415695695 ; , s. 1-4
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Sports Clubs and Events during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impacts and Responses
- 2021
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Ingår i: Crisis Management and Recovery of events. - : Goodfellow Publishers. - 9781911635901 - 9781911635918 - 9781911635925 ; , s. 193-212
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reveals how to effectively manage events in times of crisis, and leveraging events for post-disaster recovery. The volume brings together theoretical and practical insights in order to set up a robust ground for effective crisis management and recovery strategies of events.
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| 15. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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A strategic approach to develop and maintain sponsorship income for events
- 2013
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Ingår i: Innovation and value creation in experience-based tourism: Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The financing and revenue structure of events (festivals) has received comparatively less attention in research compared to the importance to secure financing for successful sustainable event management. Existing research reveals that differences in revenue sources and sponsorship (public or corporate) income exist in regards to event ownership or various cultural and social reasons. This research aims to contribute to sponsorship research as well as to event management theory and practice by discussing specific actions that event managers can take to increase the event value to grant-giving institutions and to sponsoring corporations.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Getz, Donald, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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A synthesis, summaries and some ontological propositions
- 2017
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Ingår i: The value of events / edited by Erik Lundberg, John Armbrecht, Tommy D. Andersson and Donald Getz.. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138678415 ; , s. 181-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Getz, Donald, et al.
(författare)
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A synthesis, summaries and some ontological propositions
- 2017
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Ingår i: The value of events. - : Routledge. - 9781317193241 - 9781138678415 ; , s. 181-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter gives an introduction to The Value of Events and sets the stage for subsequent contributions by providing an overview of the most fundamental concepts. It starts with definitions that can be found in most dictionaries, including examples of how terms are used in the context of events. This is followed by a general discussion of extrinsic versus intrinsic approaches to assigning value, drawing on economics and other disciplinary perspectives. The chapter presents planned events and a model for exploring extrinsic and intrinsic values. While understanding and describing value of one particular event is desirable, an even more urgent and complicated issue is to understand the value of portfolios of events that are important within many policy fields and industry strategies, and whole populations of events within cities and countries. Discourse on the value of events, or the worthwhileness of public support, is common around the world.
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| 20. |
- Getz, Donald, et al.
(författare)
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Analyzing whole populations of festivals and events: an application of organizational ecology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-7963 .- 1940-7971. ; 8:3, s. 249-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this conceptual paper, we draw upon organizational ecology theory to develop a rationale, measures and methods for analyzing whole populations of festivals and events. We employ literature review and the extension of existing theory to event studies. There is considerable scope for gaining better understanding of festivals (and other permanent or periodic events) and their management through application of measures of population dynamics and a number of key constructs from organizational ecology. We conclude by suggesting a research strategy and outlining specific measures and methods that should be applied to whole-population analysis. Policy implications are discussed for cities, destinations, and organizations that are involved with multiple events, including the necessity for inter-organizational collaboration in research, defining shared goals, and measuring impacts.
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| 21. |
- Getz, Donald, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Definitions and meanings of value
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Value of Events. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781317193241 ; , s. 1-9
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Getz, Donald, et al.
(författare)
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Definitions and meanings of value
- 2017
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Ingår i: The value of events. - : Routledge. - 9781317193241 - 9781138678415 ; , s. 1-9
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter gives an introduction to The Value of Events and sets the stage for subsequent contributions by providing an overview of the most fundamental concepts. It starts with definitions that can be found in most dictionaries, including examples of how terms are used in the context of events. This is followed by a general discussion of extrinsic versus intrinsic approaches to assigning value, drawing on economics and other disciplinary perspectives. The chapter presents planned events and a model for exploring extrinsic and intrinsic values. While understanding and describing value of one particular event is desirable, an even more urgent and complicated issue is to understand the value of portfolios of events that are important within many policy fields and industry strategies, and whole populations of events within cities and countries. Discourse on the value of events, or the worthwhileness of public support, is common around the world.
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| 23. |
- Getz, Donald, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial by Guest Editors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. ; 30:2-3, s. 109-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Getz, Donald, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Festival Stakeholder Roles : Concepts and Case Studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Event Management. - : Cognizant Communication Corporation. - 1525-9951 .- 1943-4308. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this exploratory research, multiple case studies of various types of festivals in two countries reveal how festival managers work with stakeholders and who they are. Stakeholders' roles are categorized as regulator, facilitator, coproducer, supplier, collaborator, audience, and the impacted, and the results show clearly that key stakeholders take multiple roles affecting the organization. Practical implications are drawn for event managers regarding the identification, evaluation, and management of stakeholder relationships. Drawing on resource dependency and stakeholder theories, a conceptual model is presented that illustrates the conclusion that festivals and events are produced within and by a set of managed stakeholder relationships. Recommendations are made for development of this line of research and theory building.
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| 27. |
- Getz, Donald, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Festival Stakeholders: Exploring Relationships and Dependency Through a Four-Country Comparison
- 2010
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM RESEARCH. - 1096-3480. ; 34:4, s. 531-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of stakeholders to festival organizations and the issue of dependence on key stakeholders are studied through a four-country comparison. Respondents from Sweden, Norway, Scotland, and Australia mostly indicated that they did not feel overly dependent on any category of stakeholder, but did reveal the existence of several general patterns of stakeholder relationships that are linked to dependency. The public sector was predominant in terms of perceived stakeholder importance, but also clearly revealed were a customer-first relationship and a supplier-first (mostly venues) pattern. Perceived dependence on corporate sponsors in the sampled countries was uniformly low. Tourism and event management implications and theoretical advances are discussed in the conclusions, including suggestions for future research.
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| 28. |
- Getz, Donald, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Food events in lifestyle and travel
- 2015
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Ingår i: Event Management. - 1525-9951. ; 19:3, s. 407-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large-scale survey of food lovers revealed the critical importance of planned events in their lifestyles and travel. Details provided in this article include participation frequencies for various foodrelated events, segmentation based on food-event attendance, and the differences between segments in terms of preferences for enjoyment events versus learning events. The small segment most likely to travel for food experiences, called dynamic foodies, prefers specialist learning events. The much larger segment, called active foodies, prefers enjoyment events, suggesting that higher levels of involvement translate into demand for more specialized benefits. Conclusions are drawn for food events and their marketing, and for destination development and marketing to food tourists. Research needs are identified. © 2015 Cognizant Comm. Corp.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Getz, Donald, et al.
(författare)
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Hallmark events : Definition, goals and planning process
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event Management Research. - : IJER. ; 7:1/2, s. 47-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper defines and conceptualizes hallmark events, as there is neither clarity in the literature about what the term means nor the exact roles they should play within a community and tourism context. This generates a model for use by communities and other event-tourism developers. Our model is structured around three main outcome goals (attraction, image and branding, and the community) and three major process goals (sustainability, marketing, and organization and ownership). This paper is the first attempt to define and conceptualize a critical concept in both the event tourism and event management literature.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Getz, Donald, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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The value of festivals
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Festivals/ Mair, Judith (university Of Queensland (redaktör/utgivare). - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138735811 - 9781315186320 ; , s. 22-30
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Larson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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The legitimacy of festivals and their stakeholders : Concepts and propositions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Event Management. - : Cognizant Communication Corporation. - 1525-9951 .- 1943-4308. ; 19:2, s. 159-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This conceptual article provides an overview of organizational and stakeholder legitimacy as applied to the study of festivals and their networks of stakeholders. Legitimacy is shown to be a vital condition for festival acceptance and sustainability. Different kinds of criteria for judging legitimacy (legal, pragmatic, moral, and cognitive) are illustrated by reference to typical festival stakeholders. As well, legitimacy can either be situational, depending on problems at hand, or more permanently derived from legal status or institutional arrangements and ownership. Networks of stakeholders have to be considered, and at the levels of industry (i.e., the festival/event sector), area (e.g., festivals in a city), and firm (the festival organization). This article concludes with a discussion of practical management implications, and with a set of propositions that can be used as hypotheses to be tested and as a general guide for future research and interdisciplinary theory building. © 2015 Cognizant Comm. Corp.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Pettersson, Robert, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Event experiences in time and space : a study of the visitors to the 2007 world alpine ski championships in Åre, Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Routledge. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 9:2-3, s. 308-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial and temporal nature of event experiences was studied through interviews, participant observation and photography at a major sporting event. Results contribute to better understanding of how visitors interact with the event setting and with each other, and help build theory on experiences, their design and management. Event tourists were observed spatially and temporally while enjoying various elements of the host village and four event arenas, while photographs and notes made by participant observers enabled a more focused evaluation of positive and negative experiences. Results identified the importance of social factors, as visitors wanted to be where the others were, revealed that surprise created positive experiences, and identified the existence of experiential “hot spots” defined in both time and space. It is concluded that positive experiences are more important than negative ones in terms of overall satisfaction. Implications are drawn regarding the nature of event experiences, their design and management, and on related methodological development.
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| 42. |
- Robinson, Richard N. S., et al.
(författare)
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Food Enthusiasts and Tourism : Exploring Food Involvement Dimensions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1096-3480 .- 1557-7554. ; 40:4, s. 432-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Involvement is a much theorized construct in the consumer behavior literature, yet extant food involvement scales have not been developed for leisure- or tourism-based contexts. Adopting a phenomenological approach, this article reports a study with two primary aims: to develop a customized food involvement scale and to administer the instrument to a sample of self-declared food enthusiasts with analysis focusing on identifying the underlying constructs of food involvement. An exploratory factor analysis finds four dimensions of food involvement: Food-Related Identity, Food Quality, Social Bonding, and Food Consciousness. The four dimensions are validated by discriminant analysis between the food enthusiast sample and a general population sample and logistic regression reveals that identity is the most powerful predictor of being a food enthusiast. We demonstrate the utility of the four factors by operationalizing them as variables in tests of difference vis-a-vis demographic variables and conclude the study by summarizing the theoretical and tourism destination implications. This research addresses a need for theory-driven knowledge to inform the burgeoning special interest tourism of food tourism.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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Wine Tourism
- 2008
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
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