| 1. |
- Aparicio, Hainner, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal and edible plants used in Nhamacoa area, Manica province-Mozambique
- 2021
-
Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 139, s. 318-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnobotanical relevanceMiombo woodlands are an important source of food and medicine for rural communities in Mozambique. Despite their importance as a source of livelihood and healthcare, logging for charcoal production and conversion of forest relicts to agricultural land threaten their biodiversity along with the traditional knowledge associated with this vegetation type.Aim of the studyTo document ethnobotanical knowledge and to identify medicinal and economic species that can be used as potential alternative sources of livelihoods for the inhabitants Miombo woodlands in Mozambique.Materials and methodsThis study was carried out in the Nhamacoa area, Macate district of Manica province, Mozambique. Free listing and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect ethnobotanical data. The informants were heads of families randomly selected from the 329 ha of the area of study. Information about medicinal and edible plants, their uses, harvesting practices, management, preparation and possible commercialisation was recorded and voucher specimens were collected. From October 2019 to January 2020, data collection was carried out and later, plant samples were identified. All the collected data was structured in a database and analysed by using the ethnobotanyR package in R.ResultsA total of 106 species from 52 families were reported as medicinal or edible: 55.2% used as food and 43.1% as traditional medicine. It was possible to identify 94 of the voucher specimens collected (90.3% of the botanical collection). Out of 32 uses, 29 were as medicine. The quantitative indices showed different culturally important species and the local markets situation showed the potential for commercialisation. The results of this study indicate that ailments or illnesses in the digestive system, alleviation of wounds and sexual-reproductive system problems are commonly treated with medicinal plants within the area of study.ConclusionsBotanical knowledge, cultural value, utilisation and management practices of 106 plant species were documented. Promoting the planting and commercialisation of some of these species could offer alternative sources of livelihoods or income to the inhabitants of the region, while ensuring exploitation is sustainable. The important role of non-timber forest products and the need to conserve Miombo woodlands relicts for the communities within and around Nhamacoa have been reaffirmed.
|
|
| 2. |
- de Boer, Hugo J., et al.
(författare)
-
DNA metabarcoding of orchid-derived products reveals widespread illegal orchid trade
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : ROYAL SOC. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 284:1863
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In eastern Mediterranean countries orchids continue to be collected from the wild for the production of salep, a beverage made of dried orchid tubers. In this study we used nrITS1 and nrITS2 DNA metabarcoding to identify orchid and other plant species present in 55 commercial salep products purchased in Iran, Turkey, Greece and Germany. Thirty samples yielded a total of 161 plant taxa, and 13 products (43%) contained orchid species and these belonged to 10 terrestrial species with tuberous roots. Another 70% contained the substitute ingredient Cyamopsis tetraganoloba (Guar). DNA metabarcoding using the barcoding markers nrITS1 and nrITS2 shows the potential of these markers and approach for identification of species used in salep products. The analysis of interspecific genetic distances between sequences of these markers for the most common salep orchid genera shows that species level identifications can be made with a high level of confidence. Understanding the species diversity and provenance of salep orchid tubers will enable the chain of commercialization of endangered species to be traced back to the harvesters and their natural habitats, and thus allow for targeted efforts to protect or sustainably use wild populations of these orchids.
|
|
| 3. |
- Farida, Seyed Hamed Moazzami, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnobotanical Applications and Their Correspondence with Phylogeny in Apiaceae-Apioideae
- 2018
-
Ingår i: RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY. - 2345-5977. ; 5:3, s. 79-97
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Apiaceae family includes some of the most known medicinal, food and spice species in the world some of which have been used by humans since antiquity. Local people in different regions use many species of the family but the information regarding their uses is scattered. Traditionally used species are good candidates for bioprospecting. Combining traditional uses with phylogenetic data helps in selecting species for bioprospecting. In the present study, an ethnobotanical literature review was conducted to outline a comprehensive overview of the ethnobotanical importance of the family in Iran. To highlight the most ethnobotanically used groups in the family, ethnobotanical data were overlapped with generic phylogeny tree of the subfamily Apioideae. In total, 72 species (17.27%) from 42 genera (33.87%) were found to have ethnobotanical uses. Main uses of the family members were medicinal purposes (67.30%) followed by culinary (25%) and ethnoveterinary (11.11%) uses. Two categories of potential species groups for further bioprospecting investigations have been identified based on the phylogenetic analysis. Based on the findings of the present study, phylogenetic analysis can help in identifying potential groups for bioprospecting studies. More rigorous phylogenetic analysis that combines chemotaxonomy data, ethnomedicinal data and phylogenetic data are necessary to pinpoint exact lineages for specific medicinal properties.
|
|
| 4. |
- Farida, Seyed Hamed Moazzami, et al.
(författare)
-
Fatty Acid Patterns of Seeds of Some Salvia Species from Iran : A Chemotaxonomic Approach
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Chemistry and Biodiversity. - : Wiley. - 1612-1872 .- 1612-1880. ; 13:4, s. 451-458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the seed oil content and fatty acid (FA) profile of 21 populations from 16 wild Salvia species of Iran were analyzed by GC. Patterns of chemical variations of the oils among species were identified via numerical analyses and also the taxonomic status of the infrageneric grouping was outlined in the genus. Salvia species were scored based on the contents of main FAs using principal coordinate analysis (PCO). The results showed that the total oil content in the seeds varied significantly, and ranged from 6.68 to 38.53% dry weight. alpha-Linolenic (18:3 omega 3, 1.69 -53.56%), linoleic (18:2 omega 6, 13.04 - 60.64%), oleic (18:1 omega 9, 6.15 - 27.06%), palmitic (16:0, 3.77-9.27%), and stearic (18:0, 1.78 - 3.05%) acid were identified as five major FAs in the oils. The amount of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs ranged between 1.90 - 53.80% and 13.46 - 60.83% of total FAs in the seed oils, respectively. The results confirmed that FA profiles were distinctive among the species and that they can be used as chemotaxonomic markers. The discrimination of Salvia species according to their botanical classification at intersectional level was supported. In general, seed oils of Salvia species were rich sources of polyunsaturated FAs, except in linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid, and may be valuable for food and pharmaceutical industries.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gholami, Soheila, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring genetic variations in threatened medicinal orchids using start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism and marker-association with seed morphometric traits
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. - : Springer Nature. - 0971-5894 .- 0974-0430. ; 27:4, s. 769-785
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to study the genetic diversity and population structure of eight Iranian terrestrial orchid species, including Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon and M. W. Chase, Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski, Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr., Orchis collina Banks and Solander, Orchis mascula (L.) L., Orchis simia Lam., Ophrys schulzei Bornm. and Fleischm., and Ophrys straussii H. Fleischm. and Bornm. using start target codon markers (SCoT) and finding markers associated with seed morphometric traits. A total of 254 reproducible SCoT fragments were generated, of which 248 fragments were polymorphic (average polymorphism of 96.18%). The SCoT markers showed a narrow range of polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.397 for S9 primer to 0.499 for S11 and S20 primers. Based on the population analysis results, the Orchis simia accessions collected from Paveh region (Os.P) represented the lowest observed number of alleles (Na) (1.13) and effective number of alleles (Ne) (1.09). At the same time, the highest Na (1.29) and Ne (1.18) values were obtained in O. schulzei collected from Javanrood (Oyst.JA). Shannon's information index (I) was ranged from 0.03 for D. umbrosa accessions collected from Marivan (Du.M population) to 0.263 for Ha.Ja population (H. affine accessions collected from Javanrood). The UPGMA dendrogram obtained with the Jaccard similarity coefficient (r = 0.97295) divided 97 studied terrestrial orchid accessions into eight groups mainly based on species type and geographical origin. Based on the Bayesian statistical index, the highest probability of the data was achieved when accessions were divided into eight groups (K = 8). Multiple association analysis (MRA) revealed significant associations between some of SCoT bands with seed morphometric traits. Our findings can be useful for germplasm characterization, conservation, and improvement of Iranian terrestrial orchid species.
|
|
| 6. |
- Gholami, Soheila, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular characterization of endangered Iranian terrestrial orchids using ISSR markers and association with floral and tuber-related phenotypic traits
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS. - : Springer. - 0971-5894 .- 0974-0430. ; 27:1, s. 53-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to study the genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeny of Iranian orchids using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to find markers associated with phenotypic traits. Based on the phenotypic analysis, the inflorescence length and the flower number of studied accessions ranged from 3.92 to 27.13 cm and 5 to 50, respectively. On the other hand, the tuber length ranged from 1.80 to 9.35 cm. A total of 310 reproducible ISSR fragments with a size range of 150 to 3000 bp were amplified. ISSR primers provided an average polymorphism information content of 0.391, varied from 0.488 for UBC-876 to 0.351 for UBC-842. Os.J population showed the lowest genetic diversity (H = 0.057 and I = 0.075), while Oyst.JA population showed the highest genetic diversity (H = 0.114 and I = 0.158). At species level, the average coefficient of genetic differentiation (G(ST)) ranged from 0.265 for Orchis simia to 0.587 for Himantoglossum affine. Gene flow (Nm) varied from 1.38 (O. simia) to 0.756 (Anacamptis collina). The UPGMA genetic similarity dendrogram using Jaccard coefficients (r = 0.973) revealed six main clusters. Based on the Bayesian clustering method, the highest probability of the data was achieved when accessions were divided into eight groups. Floral and tuber-related phenotypic traits represented high correlations together, and they were associated with some ISSR bands based on the multiple association analysis. Altogether, ISSR markers proved to be useful for discrimination and clarification of the relationships among species and populations collected from geographically different locations. Furthermore, it could identify the polymorphism among accessions within each population and species.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ghorbani, Abdolbaset, et al.
(författare)
-
Botanical and floristic composition of the Historical Herbarium of Leonhard Rauwolf collected in the Near East (1573-1575)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Taxon. - : INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 67:3, s. 565-580
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The German doctor and botanist Leonhard Rauwolf (1535-1596) was the first post-medieval European to travel to the Levant and Mesopotamia. The travel account that he published on his hazardous journey (1573-1575) is well studied, but the plants he collected during his travels have hardly been subjected to scientific study. The fourth volume of Rauwolf's 16th century book herbarium includes plant specimens collected from the area encompassing modern-day Lebanon, Syria and Iraq. We digitized this valuable historic collection, identified all specimens in the herbarium, analyzed its floristic composition, transcribed and translated the Latin and German texts accompanying each specimen and updated the names with the latest accepted nomenclature. The herbarium book includes 191 specimens representing 183 species belonging to 64 families. It includes original specimens of Linnaean type illustrations as well as historical crop cultivars from the Near East. The Rauwolf Herbarium gives a unique insight in the exotic, unknown and useful species of the Near East from the perspective of a 16th century European botanist.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Ghorbani, Abdolbaset, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA barcoding of tuberous Orchidoideae : a resource for identification of orchids used in Salep
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 17:2, s. 342-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tubers of terrestrial orchids are harvested and traded from the eastern Mediterranean to the Caspian Sea for the traditional product Salep. Overexploitation of wild populations and increased middle-class prosperity have escalated prices for Salep, causing overharvesting, depletion of native populations and providing an incentive to expand harvesting to untapped areas in Iran. Limited morphological distinctiveness among traded Salep tubers renders species identification impossible, making it difficult to establish which species are targeted and affected the most. In this study, a reference database of 490 nrITS, trnL-F spacer and matK sequences of 133 taxa was used to identify 150 individual tubers from 31 batches purchased in 12 cities in Iran to assess species diversity in commerce. The sequence reference database consisted of 211 nrITS, 158 trnL-F and 121 matK sequences, including 238 new sequences from collections made for this study. The markers enabled unambiguous species identification with tree-based methods for nrITS in 67% of the tested tubers, 58% for trnL-F and 59% for matK. Species in the genera Orchis (34%), Anacamptis (27%) and Dactylorhiza (19%) were the most common in Salep. Our study shows that all tuberous orchid species in this area are threatened by this trade, and further stresses the urgency of controlling illegal harvesting and cross-border trade of Salep tubers.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Ghorbani, Abdolbaset, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular Authentication of Radix Behen Albi ("Bahman Sefid") Commercial Products Reveals Widespread Adulteration
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Research Journal of Pharmacognosy. - : The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy. - 2345-4458 .- 2345-5977. ; 7:4, s. 57-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives: The roots of Centaurea behen L., (Asteraceae) known as Radix Behen Albi are used as an aphrodisiac, anti-lithiasis and general tonic. It is available as dried or powdered roots in the herbal markets of Iran. Confirming the identity of this medicinal root using conventional methods is challenging because of lack of the diagnostic characters and market samples are easy to misidentify or adulterate.Methods: This study aimed to authenticate 13 Radix Behen Albisamples purchased from different herbal markets in Iran and to identify the potential adulterants through DNA barcoding. Nuclear (nrITS) and plastid (trnL-F spacer, matK and rbcL) DNA regions were used as barcoding markers. A reference database was compiled using sequences from herbarium voucher specimens and publicly available sequences.Results: Among used barcode regions nrITS was the best marker for species identification followed by trnL-F spacer. MatK and rbcL were able to identify samples to the family level. This study showed that none of the market samples belonged to the authentic Centaurea behen L. Sixty-nine percent of samples were Cousinia spp. (Asteraceae), 23% Korshinskya spp. (Apiaceae) and 8% Crambe spp. (Brassicaceae). This substitution does not only hinder consumers obtain the desired medicinal effects of Radix Behen Albi but also raises concerns about the pharmacovigilance of this medicinal root sold in the markets.Conclusion: The present study shows the need for monitoring and authentication of crude herbal drugs in the markets of Iran, and that DNA barcoding is a suitable tool for this purpose.
|
|
| 12. |
- Ghorbani, Abdolbaset, et al.
(författare)
-
The typification of two Linnaean plant names based on illustrations published by Leonhard Rauwolf in 1583
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 66:5, s. 1204-1207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on an assessment of the illustrations published in the travel account of Leonhard Rauwolf and the corresponding specimens collected by him between 1573 and 1575 in the Near East, lectotypes are designated for the Linnaean names Aristolochia maurorum and Rheum ribes, which have not been typified previously.
|
|
| 13. |
- Ghorbani, Abdolbaset, et al.
(författare)
-
Unidentifiable by morphology : DNA barcoding of plant material in local markets in Iran
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local markets provide a rapid insight into the medicinal plants growing in a region as well as local traditional health concerns. Identification of market plant material can be challenging as plants are often sold in dried or processed forms. In this study, three approaches of DNA barcoding-based molecular identification of market samples are evaluated, two objective sequence matching approaches and an integrative approach that coalesces sequence matching with a priori and a posteriori data from other markers, morphology, ethnoclassification and species distribution. Plant samples from markets and herbal shops were identified using morphology, descriptions of local use, and vernacular names with relevant floras and pharmacopoeias. DNA barcoding was used for identification of samples that could not be identified to species level using morphology. Two methods based on BLAST similaritybased identification, were compared with an integrative identification approach. Integrative identification combining the optimized similarity-based approach with a priori and a posteriori information resulted in a 1.67, 1.95 and 2.00 fold increase for ITS, trnL-F spacer, and both combined, respectively. DNA barcoding of traded plant material requires objective strategies to include data from multiple markers, morphology, and traditional knowledge to optimize species level identification success.
|
|
| 14. |
- Ghorbani, Abdolbaset, et al.
(författare)
-
Wild orchid tuber collection in Iran : a wake-up call for conservation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Biodiversity and Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710. ; 23:11, s. 2749-2760
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wild orchids are traditionally harvested as Salep and used in traditional medicine and ice-cream production in Iran. Recently however, illegal harvest of wild orchids for export appears to have grown. This study aimed to: (1) determine the diversity of harvested wild orchid species and their collection sites in Iran; and (2) study the current harvest status and trade chain and volume to estimate the total orchid plant extraction from natural populations. Field surveys of collectors and market surveys of traders were conducted to establish the diversity of collected species, to identify harvest hotspots, and to document harvesting and trade volumes. Sixteen species and subspecies from 7 genera of Orchidaceae are collected for their tubers. Based on estimates from the 2013 April to June harvest season more than 24.5 tons of fresh tubers were collected from three districts in Golestan province alone. It is estimated that this amount of tuber requires the lethal destructive harvesting of 5.5 -6.1 million orchids, with a market value of 320,000 USD. In the Tehran Bazar Salep trade during May-July 2013 was 1.9 tons of dried tubers, with estimated retail value of 310,000 USD. Current orchid collection practices in Iran, which have soared in recent years due to international demand, do not seem sustainable as all tubers are collected destructively. To preserve orchid populations, in the longterm, establishment of specific Orchid Conservation Areas and introduction of sustainable production practices, could alleviate harvesting pressure. In the midterm, development of a DNA barcoding-based molecular identification system could help to monitor and control illegal trade. In the near term, effective implementation of collection bans in excessively harvested areas and strengthening of current regulations are necessary to avoid the catastrophic effects of harvesting on orchid populations, as has been observed in Turkey.
|
|
| 15. |
- Hedrén, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Asymmetric contributions of seed and pollen to gene dispersal in the marsh orchid Dactylorhiza umbrosa in Asia Minor
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 30:8, s. 1791-1805
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orchids differ from other plants in their extremely small and partly air-filled seeds that can be transported long distances by wind. Seed dispersal in orchids is expected to contribute strongly to overall gene flow, and orchids generally express low levels of genetic differentiation between populations and low pollen to seed flow ratios. However, studies in orchids distributed in northern Europe have often found a poor geographic structuring of genetic variation. Here, we studied geographic differentiation in the marsh orchid Dactylorhiza umbrosa, which is widely distributed in upland regions from Asia Minor to Central Asia. These areas were less affected by Pleistocene ice ages than northern Europe and the orchid should have been able to survive the last ice age in local refugia. In the plastid genome, which is dispersed by seeds, populations at close distance were clearly divergent, but the differentiation still increased with geographic distance, and a significant phylogeographic structure had developed. In the nuclear genome, which is dispersed by both seeds and pollen, populations showed an even stronger correlation between genetic and geographic distance, but average levels of differentiation were lower than in the plastid genome, and no phylogeographic structure was evident. Combining plastid and nuclear data, we found that the ratio of pollen to seed dispersal (mp/ms) decreases with physical distance. Comparison with orchids that grow in parts of Europe that were glaciated during the last ice suggests that a balanced structure of genetic diversity develops only slowly in many terrestrial orchids, despite efficient seed dispersal.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hilonga, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Trade of wild-harvested medicinal plant species in local markets of Tanzania and its implications for conservation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 122, s. 214-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Tanzania, about 10% of the reported 12,000 species of higher plants are estimated to be used as medicine for treating different human health problems. Most of the medicinal plants are collected from wild populations, but their trade and quantities are not properly recorded. Monitoring of trade in wild-harvested medicinal plants is challenging asmostmaterials are traded in various processed forms and most vendors practice informal trade. Yet, monitoring is important for conservation and sustainability. This study aims to assess the trade of wild-harvested medicinal plant species in local markets of Tanzania and its implications for conservation. Semi-structured interviews were used to record frequency, volume of trade and uses of wild-harvested medicinal plants in Arusha, Dodoma, Mbeya, Morogoro and Mwanza regions. Relative frequency of citation and informant consensus factor were calculated for each species and mentioned use category. Forty vendors were interviewed, and 400 out of 522 collected market samples were identified to 162 species from herbarium-deposited collections. Plant parts with the largest volume of trade were roots (3818 kg), bark (1163 kg) and leaves (492 kg). The most frequently traded species were Zanthoxylum chalybaeum Engl., Albizia anthelmintica Brongn., Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell, Warburgia stuhlmannii and Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb. The most popular medicinal plants in the markets are connected to local health problems including malaria, libido disorders or infertility. The high diversity of commercialized plants used for medicinal issues mainly relies on wild stock for local consumption and international trade, and this has significant implications for conservation concerns. (C) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 17. |
- Iwanycki Ahlstrand, Natalie, et al.
(författare)
-
Travel Tales of a Worldwide Weed : Genomic Signatures of Plantago major L. Reveal Distinct Genotypic Groups With Links to Colonial Trade Routes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retracing pathways of historical species introductions is fundamental to understanding the factors involved in the successful colonization and spread, centuries after a species’ establishment in an introduced range. Numerous plants have been introduced to regions outside their native ranges both intentionally and accidentally by European voyagers and early colonists making transoceanic journeys; however, records are scarce to document this. We use genotyping-by-sequencing and genotype-likelihood methods on the selfing, global weed, Plantago major, collected from 50 populations worldwide to investigate how patterns of genomic diversity are distributed among populations of this global weed. Although genomic differentiation among populations is found to be low, we identify six unique genotype groups showing very little sign of admixture and low degree of outcrossing among them. We show that genotype groups are latitudinally restricted, and that more than one successful genotype colonized and spread into the introduced ranges. With the exception of New Zealand, only one genotype group is present in the Southern Hemisphere. Three of the most prevalent genotypes present in the native Eurasian range gave rise to introduced populations in the Americas, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, which could lend support to the hypothesis that P. major was unknowlingly dispersed by early European colonists. Dispersal of multiple successful genotypes is a likely reason for success. Genomic signatures and phylogeographic methods can provide new perspectives on the drivers behind the historic introductions and the successful colonization of introduced species, contributing to our understanding of the role of genomic variation for successful establishment of introduced taxa.
|
|
| 18. |
- Joshi, Nirmala, et al.
(författare)
-
Utilization pattern and indigenous knowledge of wild medicinal plants among three ethnic groups in Makawanpur district, Central Nepal
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 262
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Nepal, wild plant resources play an important role in local communities' health care. However, this role and its patterns are poorly studied in many regions of the country. This study aimed at documenting the indigenous knowledge on the use patterns of medicinal plants of three ethnic groups from Makawanpur district, Central Nepal. Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical information was collected through interviews with 165 respondents from the Bankaria, Newah and Tamang ethnic groups across five locations of different altitude levels. Botanical voucher samples were collected for scientific identification. Informant consensus factor (ICF) and relative frequency of citation (RFC) were calculated and relationships between knowledge on medicinal plants and location, ethnic group, gender and age of the respondents were analysed. Results: Altogether, 189 plant species were reported by the respondents. Medicinal plants were mostly collected from forest (130 spp.) and fallow land (49 spp.). Only few species such as Acorus calamus L., Cheilocostus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. and Mentha spicata L. were cultivated in homegardens. ICF values highlighted that common diseases treated were disorders of the digestive system, the skin and the respiratory system. Highest RFC values were found for Urtica dioica L., Terminalia chebula Retz. and Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten. Gender of the respondent had no influence on medicinal plant knowledge while a higher knowledge was detected in rural than urban locations and in those located in the lowlands. Respondents from the Newah ethnic group had significantly lower knowledge on medicinal plants than those from the Bankaria and Tamang ethnic groups. Age of respondents was significantly positively correlated with the reported use number of medicinal plants (r = 0.450; p < 0.001), species number (r = 0.468, p < 0.001) and number of illnesses treated (r = 0.468, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The knowledge and use patterns of medicinal plant species were related to the location as well as to the ethnic group and age of the respondents. This shows that it is important to cover a wide range of respondents in such a study to cover the different socio-cultural backgrounds and age classes. The presented study can help to identify those medicinal plant species with the highest importance and the highest utilization potential by integrating ethno-botanical information from the different ethnic groups and age classes. The most important medicinal plant species should be considered for pharmacological testing and for domestication.
|
|
| 19. |
- Pereus, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Diversity of Hypoxis species used in ethnomedicine in Tanzania
- 2019
-
Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 122, s. 336-341
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corms of different Hypoxis species (Hypoxidaceae) are used for the treatment and management of a variety of human ailments and disorders in African traditional medicine. However, the used corms are morphologically similar and it is not known whether this has resulted in different species being harvested, prescribed and sold as the same species. Ethnomedicinal information regarding its use in Tanzania is scanty and the available ethnobotanical information about the plants is mostly from various studies done outside Tanzania. The objective of the study was to document the diverse uses of Hypoxis in Tanzania and study what species are used and whether preferences exist for specific species. Focus group discussions and in depth interviews with informants were done in 15 regions of Tanzania to document local uses of Hypoxis species and collect vouchers for identification. Traditional practitioners use Hypoxis to manage a variety of human illness in Tanzania, and appear to use different species indiscriminately for medicine, socio-cultural applications and for food. Medicinal uses include treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy, cancer, diabetes, gout, headache, HIV/AIDS, infertility, ringworms, stomachache, and urinary tract infections. In Tanzania, different Hypoxis species are used indiscriminately for a range of sociocultural and medicinal purposes. The reported medicinal uses could aid testing and evaluation of traditional herbal medicine and more research is needed to test their pharmacological effects. (C) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 20. |
- Sulaiman, Naji, et al.
(författare)
-
Cultural vs. state borders : plant foraging by Hawraman and Mukriyan kurds in western Iran
- 2024
-
Ingår i: PLANTS. - : MDPI. - 2223-7747. ; 13:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant foraging is a millennia-old activity still practiced by many people in the Middle East, particularly in the Fertile Crescent region, where several socioeconomic, ecological, and cultural factors shape this practice. This study seeks to understand the drivers of plant foraging in this complex region characterized by highly diverse linguistic, religious, and cultural groups. Our study aims to document the wild plants used by Kurds in Western Iran, identify similarities and differences among Hawraman and Mukriyan Kurdish groups in Iran, and compare our findings with a previous study on the Hawramani in Iraq. Forty-three semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in Kurdish villages of Western Iran. The results revealed the use of 44 wild food plant taxa, their preparation, and culinary uses. Among the reported taxa, 28 plant taxa were used by Mukriyani, and 33 by Hawramani. The study revealed a significant difference between the Hawraman and Mukriyan regions in Iran, whereas there is a high similarity between Hawramani Kurds in Iran and Iraq. We found that the invisible cultural border carries more weight than political divisions, and this calls for a paradigm shift in how we perceive and map the distribution of ethnobotanical knowledge.
|
|
| 21. |
- Tahir, Aisha, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing universality of DNA barcoding in geographically isolated selected desert medicinal species of Fabaceae and Poaceae
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In pursuit of developing fast and accurate species-level molecular identification methods, we tested six DNA barcodes, namely ITS2, matK, rbcLa, ITS2+matK, ITS2+rbcLa, matK-krbcLa and ITS2+matK+rbcLa, for their capacity to identify frequently consumed but geographically isolated medicinal species of Fabaceae and Poaceae indigenous to the desert of Cholistan. Data were analysed by BLASTn sequence similarity, pairwise sequence divergence in TAXONDNA, and phylogenetic (neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood trees) methods. Comparison of six barcode regions showed that ITS2 has the highest number of variable sites (209/360) for tested Fabaceae and (106/365) Poaceae species, the highest species-level identification (40%) in BLASTn procedure, distinct DNA barcoding gap, 100% correct species identification in BM and BCM functions of TAXONDNA, and clear cladding pattern with high nodal support in phylogenetic trees in both families. ITS2H-matK+rbcLa followed ITS2 in its species-level identification capacity. The study was concluded with advocating the DNA barcoding as an effective tool for species identification and ITS2 as the best barcode region in identifying medicinal species of Fabaceae and Poaceae. Current research has practical implementation potential in the fields of pharmacovigilance, trade of medicinal plants and biodiversity conservation.
|
|
| 22. |
- Vafaee, Yavar, et al.
(författare)
-
Phenotypic characterization and seed-micromorphology diversity of the threatened terrestrial orchids : implications for conservation
- 2021
-
Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 137, s. 386-398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current study, phenotypic and seed-micromorphology variability of 106 accessions from Dactlorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski, Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr., Orchis mascula (L.) L., Orchis simia Lam., Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm., Ophrys straussii Fleischm. & Bornm., and Orchis collina Sol. ex Russ. species was evaluated. Most of the evaluated traits represented coefficient variations (CV) <30% mainly for economically valuable traits including inflorescence length, flower number, flowering duration, tuber fresh weight, and tuber dry weight. The highest mean value for tuber width (5.61 ± 1.43 cm), tuber length (7.36 ± 1.27 cm), tuber fresh weight (23.38 ± 4.84 g), and tuber dry weight (2.80 ± 0.40 g) was recorded in Ha.JA population belonged to H. affine. The thickest (260.2 ± 1.50 µm) and the thinnest seeds (150.12 ± 9.29 µm) belonged to Os.P population belonged to O. simia and Du.M population belonged to D. umbrosa, respectively. There were highly significant positive or negative correlations between flower, inflorescence, and tuber characteristics. In this regard, the fruit set percentage was positively correlated with flower number (r = 0.36) and flowering date (r = 0.57). Tuber fresh weight was positively correlated with leaf number (r = 0.66), root length (r = 0.77), and root number (r = 0.63). Furthermore, the principal components with eigenvalue more than 0.45 were defined as being significant where eight components explained more than 93.33% of the total variance. The Ward dendrogram based on the Euclidean distance distinguished six distinct groups where accessions within O. collina, H. affine, O. coriophora, and D. umbrosa were placed in I, II, III, and V clusters, respectively. On the other hand, the accessions within O. schulzei and O. straussii formed cluster IV, while the accessions within O. simia and O. mascula were grouped into cluster VI, respectively. Overall, morphological traits at whole plant scale combined with seed-micromorphology characters not only could discriminate and clarify the relationships among the species and their populations collected from geographically different locations but also they could identify the diversity among the accessions within each population and species.
|
|
| 23. |
- Valeriani, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
-
Tackling Ethnic Health Disparities Through Community Health Worker Programs : A Scoping Review on Their Utilization During the COVID-19 Outbreak
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Population health management. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1942-7891 .- 1942-7905. ; 25:4, s. 517-526
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has magnified existing health inequities linked to social determinants of health, with racial and ethnic minorities being disproportionately affected by the pandemic. A proposed strategy to address these inequities is based on the implementation of community health worker (CHW) programs able to bridge the gaps between marginalized communities and the formal health care systems. A scoping review was conducted through searching 4 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria focused on studies defining any kind of adopted CHW intervention to address inequities related to racial/ethnic groups during the COVID-19 crisis, published from December 31, 2019, to October 31, 2021. Narrative synthesis was undertaken to summarize the findings. In total, 23 studies met the inclusion out of the 107 search results. Data converged on the relevant potential of CHWs on engaging with community leaders, addressing social determinants of health, and issues related to structural racism, promoting culturally tailored health information, and encouraging institutions to policy change in favor of people left behind. Although vulnerability of racial and ethnic minorities was already present before the COVID-19 outbreak, the pandemic has represented a wakeup call to address it more efficiently. In recent years, CHWs have increasingly been acknowledged as valuable members of the health care workforce. As health disparities may increase after our multicultural societies begin to recover from COVID-19, CHWs may play a crucial role in addressing system-level changes to have broad and lasting effects on health outcomes.
|
|
| 24. |
- Walter, Tilmann, et al.
(författare)
-
The emperor's herbarium : The German physician Leonhard Rauwolf (1535?-96) and his botanical field studies in the Middle East
- 2022
-
Ingår i: History of Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0073-2753 .- 1753-8564. ; 60:1, s. 130-151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of the new interdisciplinary research done on Leonhard Rauwolf's herbarium with plants from the Middle East, which was later owned by Emperor Rudolf II. Using various sources, it examines how the herbarium came into the imperial collections, Early Modern methods of botanical research as described by Rauwolf in his printed travelogue, and how the illustrations for the printed book were produced from the specimens in the herbarium. The appendix (available in the online version) presents the new corrected botanical identification of the c. 200 plants in the fourth volume of Rauwolf's herbarium, and a correct transcription of the Early Modern Latin and vernacular names Rauwolf collected for these plants.
|
|
