| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Farnocchia, Davide, et al.
(författare)
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The Second International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2005 LW3
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Planetary Science Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2632-3338. ; 4:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Earth close approach of near-Earth asteroid 2005 LW3 on 2022 November 23 represented a good opportunity for a second observing campaign to test the timing accuracy of astrometric observation. With 82 participating stations, the International Asteroid Warning Network collected 1046 observations of 2005 LW3 around the time of the close approach. Compared to the previous timing campaign targeting 2019 XS, some individual observers were able to significantly improve the accuracy of their reported observation times. In particular, U.S. surveys achieved good timing performance. However, no broad, systematic improvement was achieved compared to the previous campaign, with an overall negative bias persisting among the different observers. The calibration of observing times and the mitigation of timing errors should be important future considerations for observers and orbit computers, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Aktaa, Suleman, et al.
(författare)
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Data standards for transcatheter aortic valve implantation : the European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomised Trials (EuroHeart).
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. - : Oxford University Press. - 2058-5225 .- 2058-1742. ; 9:5, s. 529-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Standardized data definitions are necessary for the quantification of quality of care and patient outcomes in observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomised Trials (EuroHeart) project of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) aims to create pan-European data standards for cardiovascular diseases and interventions, including transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).METHODS AND RESULTS: We followed the EuroHeart methodology for cardiovascular data standard development. A Working Group of 29 members representing 12 countries was established and included a patient representative, as well as experts in the management of valvular heart disease from the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and used a modified Delphi method to reach consensus on a final set of variables. For each variable, the Working Group provided a definition, permissible values and categorized the variable as mandatory (Level 1) or additional (Level 2) based on its clinical importance and feasibility. In total, 93 Level 1 and 113 Level 2 variables were selected, with the level 1 variables providing the dataset for registration of patients undergoing TAVI on the EuroHeart IT platform.CONCLUSION: This document provides details of the EuroHeart data standards for TAVI processes of care and in-hospital outcomes. In the context of EuroHeart, this will facilitate quality improvement, observational research, registry-based RCTs and post-marketing surveillance of devices and pharmacotherapies.
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| 4. |
- Antonenko, Kateryna, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-related differences in risk factors, type of treatment received and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute stroke: Results from the RAF-study (Early Recurrence and Cerebral Bleeding in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation)
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Stroke Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881. ; 2:1, s. 46-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is an independent risk factor of thromboembolism. Women with atrial fibrillation are at a higher overall risk for stroke compared to men with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to evaluate for sex differences in patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation, regarding risk factors, treatments received and outcomes. Methods: Data were analyzed from the ‘‘Recurrence and Cerebral Bleeding in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation’’ (RAF-study), a prospective, multicenter, international study including only patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation. Patients were followed up for 90 days. Disability was measured by the modified Rankin Scale (0–2 favorable outcome, 3–6 unfavorable outcome). Results: Of the 1029 patients enrolled, 561 were women (54.5%) (p<0.001) and younger (p<0.001) compared to men. In patients with known atrial fibrillation, women were less likely to receive oral anticoagulants before index stroke (p¼0.026) and were less likely to receive anticoagulants after stroke (71.3% versus 78.4%, p¼0.01). There was no observed sex difference regarding the time of starting anticoagulant therapy between the two groups (6.411.7 days for men versus 6.512.4 days for women, p¼0.902). Men presented with more severe strokes at onset (mean NIHSS 9.26.9 versus 8.17.5, p<0.001). Within 90 days, 46 (8.2%) recurrent ischemic events (stroke/TIA/systemic embolism) and 19 (3.4%) symptomatic cerebral bleedings were found in women compared to 30 (6.4%) and 18 (3.8%) in men (p¼0.28 and p¼0.74). At 90 days, 57.7% of women were disabled or deceased, compared to 41.1% of the men (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis did not confirm this significance. Conclusions: Women with atrial fibrillation were less likely to receive oral anticoagulants prior to and after stroke compared to men with atrial fibrillation, and when stroke occurred, regardless of the fact that in our study women were younger and with less severe stroke, outcomes did not differ between the sexes.
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| 5. |
- Cataldi, Gianni, et al.
(författare)
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Primordial or Secondary? Testing Models of Debris Disk Gas with ALMA*
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 951:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origin and evolution of gas in debris disks are still not well understood. Secondary gas production from cometary material or a primordial origin have been proposed. So far, observations have mostly concentrated on CO, with only a few C observations available. We overview the C and CO content of debris disk gas and test state-of-the-art models. We use new and archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of CO and C i emission, complemented by C ii data from Herschel, for a sample of 14 debris disks. This expands the number of disks with ALMA measurements of both CO and C i by 10 disks. We present new detections of C i emission toward three disks: HD 21997, HD 121191, and HD 121617. We use a simple disk model to derive gas masses and column densities. We find that current state-of-the-art models of secondary gas production overpredict the C-0 content of debris disk gas. This does not rule out a secondary origin, but might indicate that the models require an additional C removal process. Alternatively, the gas might be produced in transient events rather than a steady-state collisional cascade. We also test a primordial gas origin by comparing our results to a simplified thermochemical model. This yields promising results, but more detailed work is required before a conclusion can be reached. Our work demonstrates that the combination of C and CO data is a powerful tool to advance our understanding of debris disk gas.
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| 6. |
- Farnocchia, Davide, et al.
(författare)
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International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Planetary Science Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2632-3338. ; 3:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the International Asteroid Warning Network's observational exercises, we conducted a campaign to observe near-Earth asteroid 2019 XS around its close approach to Earth on 2021 November 9. The goal of the campaign was to characterize errors in the observation times reported to the Minor Planet Center, which become an increasingly important consideration as astrometric accuracy improves and more fast-moving asteroids are observed. As part of the exercise, a total of 957 astrometric observations of 2019 XS during the encounter were reported and subsequently were analyzed to obtain the corresponding residuals. While the timing errors are typically smaller than 1 s, the reported times appear to be negatively biased, i.e., they are generally earlier than they should be. We also compared the observer-provided position uncertainty with the cross-track residuals, which are independent of timing errors. A large fraction of the estimated uncertainties appear to be optimistic, especially when <0 2. We compiled individual reports for each observer to help identify and remove the root cause of any possible timing error and improve the uncertainty quantification process. We suggest possible sources of timing errors and describe a simple procedure to derive reliable, conservative position uncertainties.
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| 7. |
- Henningsson, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic model for paclitaxel
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 19:20, s. 4065-4073
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE To create a model based on known mechanisms of paclitaxel distribution that could describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of total and unbound plasma concentrations, as well as blood concentrations. In addition, to investigate the relationship between exposure, based on unbound and total concentrations, and neutropenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Paclitaxel and Cremophor EL (CrEL) concentrations were obtained from 23 female and three male patients (50 courses in total) with different cancer types that received paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, NJ) (135 to 225 mg/m(2)) as 3- or 24-hour intravenous infusions. Seven of the patients received combination therapy with doxorubicin or cisplatin. The population PK model was built to fit three types of data simultaneously: unbound, total plasma, and blood concentrations. The area under the curve, threshold, and general models were used to relate neutrophil survival fraction from 19 patients (29 courses in total) to exposure based on unbound and total plasma concentration, respectively. RESULTS The PK model included a linear three-compartment model for unbound concentration, binding directly proportional to CrEL, linear and nonlinear binding to plasma proteins, and linear and nonlinear binding to blood cells. The threshold model best described the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship for total concentration. No distinction could be made between the models for unbound drug. CONCLUSION Earlier PK models for paclitaxel have been empirical. This study shows that a mechanistic model can be used to describe the nonlinear PK of paclitaxel. There is an indication that the PK/PD relationship is not the same for unbound and total plasma concentrations.
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| 8. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 9. |
- LoRusso, Patricia M, et al.
(författare)
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Improvements in quality of life and disease-related symptoms in phase I trials of the selective oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD1839 in non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumors
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 9:6, s. 2040-2048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The feasibility and utility of assessing quality of life (QoL) and disease-related symptoms in patients with advanced cancer have been evaluated in two Phase I clinical trials of p.o. administered ZD1839 ('Iressa'), an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaires, including disease-specific subscales for lung, head and neck, colorectal, prostate, and ovarian cancer, were completed by patients in two open-label, Phase I, escalating multiple-dose safety and tolerability trials. RESULTS: In 157 patients, 92% of whom had received prior therapy, compliance in returning FACT questionnaires was 87% (European/Australian trial) and 57% (United States trial). This did not appear to be influenced by dose level or tumor type. For patients with colorectal, prostate, or ovarian cancer, median QoL [FACT and Trial Outcome Index (TOI)] scores deteriorated over time. In contrast, for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or head and neck cancer, median FACT and TOI scores did not deteriorate significantly, and in the United States trial, head and neck cancer scores improved significantly over time. In patients with NSCLC, symptom-related scores measured by the Lung Cancer Subscale of FACT-L appeared sensitive to clinical change. CONCLUSIONS: QoL (FACT-L) questionnaires were used successfully in the Phase I clinical trials of ZD1839. They appeared to be a sensitive tool to monitor clinical changes for the five tumor types in these trials and showed that ZD1839 has the potential to improve patients' QoL.
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| 10. |
- Paciaroni, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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Early recurrence in paroxysmal versus sustained atrial fibrillation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European stroke journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9881 .- 2396-9873. ; 4:1, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between different patterns of atrial fibrillation and early recurrence after an acute ischaemic stroke is unclear.In a prospective cohort study, we evaluated the rates of early ischaemic recurrence after an acute ischaemic stroke in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or sustained atrial fibrillation which included persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation.In patients with acute ischaemic stroke, atrial fibrillation was categorised as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or sustained atrial fibrillation. Ischaemic recurrences were the composite of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack and symptomatic systemic embolism occurring within 90 days from acute index stroke.A total of 2150 patients (1155 females, 53.7%) were enrolled: 930 (43.3%) had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 1220 (56.7%) sustained atrial fibrillation. During the 90-day follow-up, 111 ischaemic recurrences were observed in 107 patients: 31 in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (3.3%) and 76 with sustained atrial fibrillation (6.2%) (hazard ratio (HR) 1.86 (95% CI 1.24-2.81)). Patients with sustained atrial fibrillation were on average older, more likely to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, history of stroke/ transient ischaemic attack, congestive heart failure, atrial enlargement, high baseline NIHSS-score and implanted pacemaker. After adjustment by Cox proportional hazard model, sustained atrial fibrillation was not associated with early ischaemic recurrences (adjusted HR 1.23 (95% CI 0.74-2.04)).After acute ischaemic stroke, patients with sustained atrial fibrillation had a higher rate of early ischaemic recurrence than patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. After adjustment for relevant risk factors, sustained atrial fibrillation was not associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence, thus suggesting that the risk profile associated with atrial fibrillation, rather than its pattern, is determinant for recurrence.
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| 11. |
- Papadopoulos, Alessandro Vittorio, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Evaluation of Human Motion Planning Policies
- 2014
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Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes. ; 47:3, s. 12299-12304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recently proposed approach to human intention estimation in goal-oriented motion is further improved in this paper. The main features of the approach are the fact that the unicycle model has been rewritten with the natural coordinate as the independent variable, avoiding the explicit dependence from the walking velocity and lowering the number of input variables to one, the proposal of a novel cost function, weighting not only the energy needed to perform the path but also the current distance of the human with respect to the target, and the adoption of the Frechét metric to assess the similarity of experimental and estimated paths. The proposed cost function is compared with other two cost functions, adopted in previous works, with reference to experimental data. The performance improvements with respect to the previous approach are apparent, either from a qualitative point of view and from a statistical analysis of the error distances.
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| 12. |
- Papadopoulos, Alessandro Vittorio, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of human walking paths
- 2016
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Ingår i: Autonomous Robots. - United States : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-5593 .- 1573-7527. ; 40:1, s. 59-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work investigates the way humans plan their paths in a goal-directed motion, assuming that a person acts as an optimal controller that plans the path minimizing a certain (unknown) cost function. Taking this viewpoint, the problem can be formulated as an inverse optimal control one, i.e., starting from control and state trajectories one wants to figure out the cost function used by a person while planning the path. The so-obtained model can be used to support the design of safe human-robot interaction systems, as well as to plan human-like paths for humanoid robots. To test the envisaged ideas, a set of walking paths of different volunteers were recorded using a motion capture facility. The collected data were used to compare two solutions to the inverse optimal control problem coming from the literature to a novel one. The obtained results, ranked using the discrete Fréchet distance, show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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| 13. |
- Sacchetto, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Mammographic density : Comparison of visual assessment with fully automatic calculation on a multivendor dataset
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 26:1, s. 175-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare breast density (BD) assessment provided by an automated BD evaluator (ABDE) with that provided by a panel of experienced breast radiologists, on a multivendor dataset. Twenty-one radiologists assessed 613 screening/diagnostic digital mammograms from nine centers and six different vendors, using the BI-RADS a, b, c, and d density classification. The same mammograms were also evaluated by an ABDE providing the ratio between fibroglandular and total breast area on a continuous scale and, automatically, the BI-RADS score. A panel majority report (PMR) was used as reference standard. Agreement (kappa) and accuracy (proportion of cases correctly classified) were calculated for binary (BI-RADS a-b versus c-d) and 4-class classification. While the agreement of individual radiologists with the PMR ranged from kappa = 0.483 to kappa = 0.885, the ABDE correctly classified 563/613 mammograms (92 %). A substantial agreement for binary classification was found for individual reader pairs (kappa = 0.620, standard deviation [SD] = 0.140), individual versus PMR (kappa = 0.736, SD = 0.117), and individual versus ABDE (kappa = 0.674, SD = 0.095). Agreement between ABDE and PMR was almost perfect (kappa = 0.831). The ABDE showed an almost perfect agreement with a 21-radiologist panel in binary BD classification on a multivendor dataset, earning a chance as a reproducible alternative to visual evaluation. aEuro cent Individual BD assessment differs from PMR with kappa as low as 0.483. aEuro cent An ABDE correctly classified 92 % of mammograms with almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.831). aEuro cent An ABDE can be a valid alternative to subjective BD assessment.
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