| 1. |
- Geithner, Christina A., et al.
(författare)
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Relative Age Effects in Women’s Ice Hockey : Contributions of Body Size and Maturity Status
- 2018
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Ingår i: Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal. - : Human Kinetics. - 1063-6161 .- 1938-1581. ; 26:2, s. 124-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on relative age effects (RAEs) in women’s ice hockey is lacking data on participant characteristics, particularly body size and maturity status. The purposes of our study were to investigate RAEs in women’s ice hockey players from two countries, and to determine whether RAE patterns could be explained by chronological age, body size, and maturity status. Participants were 54 Swedish elite and 63 Canadian university players. Birthdates were coded by quartiles (Q1–Q4). Weight and height were obtained, and body mass index and chronological age were calculated for each player. Players recalled age at menarche, and maturity status was classified as early, average, or late relative to population-specific means. Chi-square (χ2), odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and effect sizes (Cohen’s w) were calculated using population data across quartiles and for pairwise comparisons between quartiles. Descriptive statistics and MANOVAs were run by quartile and by country. Significant RAEs were found for Canadian players across quartiles (p < .05), along with a Q2 phenomenon (Q2: Q3, Q2: Q4, p < .05). Swedish players were overrepresented in Q3 (Q3: Q4, p < .05). Q4 was significantly underrepresented in both countries (p < .05). The oldest, earliest maturing, and shortest players in both countries were clustered in Q2, whereas the next oldest and latest maturing Swedish players were found in Q3. Age, physical factors, and interactions may contribute to overrepresentations in Q2 and Q3. These findings do not suggest the same bias for greater relative age and maturity found in male ice hockey.
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| 2. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-
(författare)
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Gender and physiology in ice hockey : a multidimensional study
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background That men are prioritised over women has been called the “gender regime in sport”, and has in part been explained by the gender difference in performance. However, gender differences in physical performance between women and men can be debated to depend on how comparisons are made and on the fact that there are many different confounders that may influence the results. Even if attempts are made to overcome this and the groups of women and men are stated to be matched, there are still often differences in training experience in years, or differences in training load. Women tend to have less experience in ice hockey in relation to age and differences in training conditions have also been reported. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how female and male ice hockey players position themselves in their sport and to visualise the interactions between society and biology that may affect performance. Theoretical approach and methods Harding’s three perspectives (Symbolic, Structural and Individual) were applied on information from team administration as well as on results from questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and tests of puck velocity, anthropometrics, body composition, isokinetic muscle strength, ergospirometry and on-ice tests from female and male ice hockey players. Results Vast differences in structural conditions were found, for example in hockey history and in the financial situation within the teams and both women and men were aware of the gender differences in structural conditions. However these differences were not even considered when comparisons of the ice hockey performance of women and men were made. Nine out of ten female players increased puck velocity when a more flexible stick and a lighter puck were used thus indicating that poorly adjusted equipment may affect performance. Male ice hockey players were taller, heavier and stronger, had more lean body mass and a higher aerobic capacity compared to the women in absolute values as well as in relation to body weight. However, the differences diminished or disappeared when the values were expressed in relation to lean body mass. Men had higher expectations on their situation as athletes and the interviewed women described men’s ice hockey as superior to theirs and consequently male ice hockey players deserved better conditions. Conclusions The views of women and men may affect structural conditions in sport which in turn may affect possibilities in sport for the individual. Gender differences in conditions thus risk confirming the traditional views of femininity and masculinity. However, by moving outside the normal gender boundaries individuals may change the traditional views of femininity and masculinity.
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| 3. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender in ice hockey : women in a male territory
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 18:2, s. 235-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates how female ice hockey players describe and explain their situation within as well as outside their sport. Information was obtained by semi-structured interviews with female ice hockey players. The results were analyzed in a gender perspective where the main starting point was the concepts of different levels of power relations in society developed by Harding and applied to sports by Kolnes (the symbolic, structural and individual level). The study shows that the players appeared to share the traditional views of men and women. They also described gender differences in terms of financial and structural conditions as well as differences in ice hockey history. Even though the players described structural inequalities, they were quite content with their situation and the differences in conditions were not considered when they explained the gender differences in ice hockey performance. On the individual level the players considered themselves different from other women and appeared to share the traditional views of femininity and masculinity.It has been suggested that performance of a sport traditionally associated with the other sex might alter the traditional view of men and women, however our results give little support to that suggestion.
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| 4. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered expectations and structural conditions in ice hockey
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Ingår i: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. - 0270-1367 .- 2168-3824.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using player questionnaires (72 women, 42 men) and club staff interviews, this paper provides an analysis of the effect of structural conditions on expectations of support and hindrance. In spite of large structural conditions women and men rated similar levels of support and hindrance. Yet, both women and men believed that the situation in sport was better for men. The adult women’s lower expectations may be an indication of their awareness of their lower status within their sport. When comparisons are made between women and men in sport it is important to consider that gender operates at different levels and may affect conditions as well as expectations
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| 5. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered expectations and structural conditions in ice hockey
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using player questionnaires (72 women, 42 men) and club staff interviews, this paper provides an analysis of the effect of structural conditions on expectations of support and hindrance. In spite of large structural conditions women and men rated similar levels of support and hindrance. Yet, both women and men believed that the situation in sport was better for men. The adult women’s lower expectations may be an indication of their awareness of their lower status within their sport. When comparisons are made between women and men in sport it is important to consider that gender operates at different levels and may affect conditions as well as expectations
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of stick stiffness and puck weight on puck velocity during slap shots in women's ice hockey
- 2009
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Ingår i: Sports Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; 11:3, s. 103-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have found that reduced stick stiffness increases puck velocity in young male ice hockey players. This study investigates the hypothesis that female players are disadvantaged by using equipment that is designed for taller and stronger players. The purpose of this study was to investigate if stick flexibility and puck weight affect puck velocity in standing slap shots performed by female ice hockey players. There was a significant increase in puck velocity (4.1% p=0.037) when stick stiffness and puck weight were reduced. ANOVA revealed that there was a significant correlation between stick, puck and the participant herself (R2=0.987). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that participants with higher puck velocities benefitted the most when the stick flexibility and puck weight were reduced (r=0.648; p=0.043). It was concluded that decreased stick stiffness and puck weight increased puck velocity in standing slap shots for female ice hockey players.
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| 8. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa M., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological Correlates of Skating Performance in Women's and Men's Ice Hockey
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - : National Strength and Conditioning Association. - 1064-8011 .- 1533-4287. ; 25:8, s. 2133-2142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the current investigation was to identify relationships between physiological off-ice tests and on-ice performance in female and male ice hockey players on a comparable competitive level. Eleven women, 24 ± 3.0 years, and 10 male ice hockey players, 23 ± 2.4 years, were tested for background variables: height, body weight (BW), ice hockey history, and lean body mass (LBM) and peak torque (PT) of the thigh muscles, [latin capital V with dot above]o2peak and aerobic performance (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation [OBLA], respiratory exchange ratio [RER1]) during an incremental bicycle ergometer test. Four different on-ice tests were used to measure ice skating performance. For women, skating time was positively correlated (p < 0.05) to BW and negatively correlated to LBM%, PT/BW, OBLA, RER 1, and [latin capital V with dot above]o2peak (ml O2·kg-1 BW-1·min-1) in the Speed test. Acceleration test was positively correlated to BW and negatively correlated to OBLA and RER 1. For men, correlation analysis revealed only 1 significant correlation where skating time was positively correlated to [latin capital V with dot above]o2peak (L O2·min-1) in the Acceleration test. The male group had significantly higher physiological test values in all variables (absolute and relative to BW) but not in relation to LBM. Selected off-ice tests predict skating performance for women but not for men. The group of women was significantly smaller and had a lower physiological performance than the group of men and were slower in the on-ice performance tests. However, gender differences in off-ice variables were reduced or disappeared when values were related to LBM, indicating a similar capacity of producing strength and aerobic power in female and male hockey players. Skating performance in female hockey players may be improved by increasing thigh muscle strength, oxygen uptake, and relative muscle mass.
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| 9. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-
(författare)
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Struktur för text & tanke
- 2019
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Ingår i: Universitetspedagogiska konferensen 2019. - Umeå : Universitetspedagogik och lärandestöd (UPL), Umeå universitet. ; , s. 19-20
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Granholm Valmari, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of lifestyle and health among patrolling police officers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 30:5, s. 721-744
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The police profession is a high-strain and high-risk profession, sometimes resulting in poor physical, mental and social health. This systematic review aims to identify and describe crucial areas for a healthy and sustainable lifestyle among patrolling police officers in Europe, an area not previously studied.Methods: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A protocol was published and registered with PROSPERO beforehand. Searches were carried out in eight databases. Two independent authors screened articles and critically appraised the included studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted to analyse the results. The review’s total body of evidence was assessed with GRADE-CERQaul.Results: A total of 16 articles were located, representing 13 studies. Barriers and resources for a healthy and sustainable lifestyle were linked to a theoretical framework of life balance. Subsequently, a linkage model was created to explain different aspects of patrolling police officers’ life balance and its relation to health (physical, social and mental).Conclusions: Several crucial areas for a healthy and sustainable lifestyle were found and described, indicating that patrolling officers’ working life affects their possibilities of living a balanced lifestyle, which might disturb different aspects of health, depending on which aspect is compromised.
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| 12. |
- Granholm Valmari, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Being a top cop in pursuit of a sustainable lifestyle
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has widely recognized the challenges uniformed police officers face in their working lives. However, little is known about the overall lifestyles of police officers, including what they do in private life. We interviewed 17 officers and used reflexive thematic analysis to explore their experiences. The study sheds light on how uniformed police officers navigate the intersection between their private and professional lives, as well as how their professional role impacts their day-to-day doings and private life roles. The key findings relate to how the demands of their professional role impact their private life, such as the profession becoming a way of life. Furthermore, they highlight the challenges of avoiding certain environments where they might be recognized as police officers. It also entails balancing energy levels in work and private life, as well as how their profession’s unpredictability affects their daily routines and roles. The findings also show how their personal choices in private life are frequently influenced by their professional role. The study’s findings have theoretical as well as practical implications, contributing to a better understanding of uniformed police officers’ challenges and resources for a sustainable and healthy lifestyle.
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| 13. |
- Granholm Valmari, Elin, 1983-
(författare)
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Beyond the badge : police officers’ lifestyles and health
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Being a frontline police officer is regarded to be one of the most high-strain professions in the world, encompassing physical, emotional and cognitive stressors. These stressors may cause ill health, physically, mentally and socially, impacting both professional and private life roles and everyday activities. Despite this, there has been limited consideration of the broader complexities of police officers’ lifestyles. Thus, the primary aim of this thesis was to identify health promoters and health challenges within the lifestyles of frontline police officers using a transactional perspective. The secondary aim was to translate these findings into the initial developmental stages of an instrument targeting critical areas of police officers’ lifestyles to foster health sustainability.Method: The thesis includes four studies. In Study I, a method for scoping reviews was used when gathering data from previously conducted studies within Europe. Studies II and III were qualitative studies using in-depth interviews. In Study II a reflexive thematic analysis was used, whereas in Study III qualitative content analysis was utilized. Study IV builds on data from the other studies. During the early development process of the instrument focus groups, cognitive interviewing methods and a content validity approach were undertaken.Findings: Altogether, the findings offer insights into how police officers’ lifecontexts, roles and everyday activities transact to become their unique lifestyles. In Study I the life contexts affecting police officers’ lives and health were mapped. It was concluded that research on police officers’ private lives is limited in Europe, despite contextual and environmental influences on their lives and health. In Studies II and III it was found that balancing work with private-life activities and roles included health challenges and resources. The findings relate to balancing risk and violence with vigilance in private life, societal attitudes with the police identity, work with healthy routines and habits, and unpredictability with stability. Study IV took initial steps towards crafting a self-reflection instrument targeting the essential conditions for living a sustainable and healthy lifestyle asa police officer.Conclusion: This thesis illuminates the complex interplay of factors that definethe unique lifestyles of police officers, influenced by their life contexts, roles, and everyday activities. It highlights the importance of both organizational strategies and police officers utilizing health-promoting strategies in maintaining asustainable lifestyle essential for fostering health sustainability. In the context of societal challenges and the need for a strong police force, maintaining police officers’ health sustainability is crucial for the benefit of both the Police Authority and society.
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| 14. |
- Granholm Valmari, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing the Police sustainability and wellness instrument
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Police officers’ lifestyles, and what they need for a sustainable lifestyle, are rarely addressed within police health research. The reason is partly that no specific tool exists to detect the conditions for living a sustainable and healthy lifestyle within this profession. Thus, the study aims to describe the initial steps and process during the development stage, towards creating an instrument targeting conditions for a sustainable and healthy lifestyle of police officers.Several steps were taken during the initial development stages of the instrument. Firstly, the construct ‘conditions for a sustainable and healthy lifestyle of police officers’ was defined by identifying theoretical dimensionality and operationalizing the construct using two focus groups. One focus group included seven occupational therapists skilled in occupational therapy and -science. The other focus group included four persons with knowledge of police officers’ health or work conditions. Secondly, items were identified, selected, and developed, and a draft of items was tested during cognitive interviews, to assess response processes with 28 police officers. Ultimately, the instrument used a content validity approach with nine occupational therapists. A total of 48 persons were enrolled in the study.In summary, our study provides transparency during the initial developmental stage of an instrument with the working name Police Sustainability and Wellness Instrument (PSWI), including its theoretical model and dimensions. The instrument requires additional validation testing, aiming to establish its suitability as a screening tool for the construct, and feasibility testing for its applicability in facilitating self-reflection.
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| 15. |
- Granholm Valmari, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the life contexts of patrolling police officers in the European Union – A scoping review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 30:5, s. 585-603
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patrolling police officers engage in different mentally, socially, and physically challenging life contexts which may affect their life and health. The aim of this scoping review is twofold, to explore life contexts of patrolling officers in the European Union, and to investigate how their lives and health are affected by environmental characteristics within these contexts.Methods: The scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology and included a critical appraisal. The environmental model within Kielhofner’s Model of Human Occupation was used in the thematic analysis. The review was reported following PRISMA-ScR.Results: In the 16 included studies, two contexts (where environments interact with persons on different levels) were discovered: the global and the immediate context. No local contexts were found. Primarily, research on the social, and occupational environments, including qualities identified in these environments were found. However, some environmental characteristics within patrolling officers’ physical environments were also discovered.Discussion: This review contributes to the emerging research area of police officers’ life contexts, by mapping contexts and environments affecting their life and health. However, to get a deeper understanding of how officers are affected by their environments, interviewing them regarding how their different contexts affect their everyday living, would be important.
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| 16. |
- Granholm Valmari, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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How police officers juggle work, a life partner, and kids
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Police officers frequently encounter stressful social situations during their working days. Furthermore, previous research on policing and families show that police officers’ families are impacted in different ways when at least one member of the family has the role of a police officer. Despite work spilling over to family life there is currently little research on police officers’ role-balancing. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore and describe the challenges that arise at the intersection between police officers’ professional roles and their private life roles as parents and life partners, as well as how police officers balance these roles in between. We used qualitative content analysis after interviewing 13 uniformed police officers. The findings show how the police officers’ professional roles affect their private life roles within three different sub-themes and are summarized under the theme of "Balancing conflicting roles: Coping with professional and private life commitments". The theme revolves around the various challenges of working as a uniformed police officer, such as hypervigilance and risks, as well as the enrichments and conflicts of working shifts while also juggling private life roles. The results also touch on gender and equality in life-partner relationships. The study raises an important question about how these challenges can be mitigated within Police authorities to enable uniformed police officers to balance their professional and personal lives in a healthy and sustainable manner.
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| 17. |
- Granholm Valmari, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Life contexts among patrolling police officers in the European Union, investigating environmental characteristics and health : a protocol for a scoping review and a systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 30:7, s. 1135-1142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The police officer occupation is a high-risk profession, with significantly more traumatic and stressful events than other occupations. Key factors for the health of police officers have been found to be related to intra-interpersonal, occupational, and organizational factors. However, the mechanisms underlying why is inconclusive. This protocol therefore intends to explain the approach for conducting both a scoping review, and systematic review. The overall aim of the reviews is to investigate patrolling police officers' life contexts with the intention to identify barriers and resources that affect their lifestyle and health.Methods: The protocol is reported according to the PRISMA-P guidelines, with PROSPERO number: CRD42020190583. Searches will be carried out in SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, OpenGrey, and EBSCO (Academic Search Premiere, APA PsychINFO, CINAHL, SocINDEX). Two independent raters will screen articles and conduct the critical appraisal. Analyses include Arksey and O'Malley's methodology for the scoping review, and a narrative synthesis for the systematic review, including critically appraising the total body of evidence in the systematic review.Discussion: The purpose of the reviews is to understand patrolling police officers' life contexts, and support future development of an assessment that measures patrolling police officers' life balance from a contextual viewpoint.
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| 18. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between Off-ice Strength and Power Variables and Skating Performance in Women's Ice Hockey
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 47:5S, s. 962-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between off-ice tests and skating performance has not been previously investigated in elite women ice hockey players (WIHP).PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between off-ice strength-, and power- variables and different components of skating performance in Elite WIHP. METHODS: Elite WIHP (n=32) age: 18.3±2.1 years, were evaluated via physiological tests of; Vertical power (squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ)); Horizontal power (standing long jump on two legs (SLJ) on one leg (SLJR) and 20m linear sprinting); Strength (isometric leg pull, squat and isokinetic leg extension on 90° and 210° (Iso90, Iso210)). Right leg measurements were selected for the isokinetic leg extension and SLJ(R). Skating performance was assessed on-ice via three agility tests; S-cornering agility skate (SCAS), Transition agility skate (TAS), Cone agility skate (CAS), and anaerobic endurance test; Modified repeat sprint skate (MRSS). Pearson ́s bivariate correlations were used to investigate the associations between physical variables and on-ice variables. Statistical significance was set to p<.05.RESULTS: SLJR, SLJ, Iso90, Iso210, isometric leg-pull and 20m sprint were correlated with TAS, r = .698 (p.001), r = .509 (p.026), r = -.514 (p.050), r = -.529 (p.043), -.479 (p.038) and r = .631 (p.007) respectively. SLJR and Iso90 was correlated with SCAS, r = -.619 (p.005) and r = -.520 (p.047). SLJR, SLJ, CMJ and Iso210 were correlated to MRSS, r = -.588 (p.01), r = -.539 (p.021), r = -.482 (p.037) and r = -.544 (p.04) respectively. CAS was not significantly correlated with any of the physiological tests.CONCLUSIONS: Off-ice power and strength tests were significantly correlated to skating performance in elite WIHP.
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| 19. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Fysiska tester inom damishockey och dess relevans för prestation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Idrottsmedicin. - Västerås : Svensk förening för fysisk aktivitet och idrottsmedicin (SFAIM). - 1103-7652. ; 36:1, s. 20-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Inom idrotten är tid och resurser ofta begränsade, vilket i praktiken innebär att man måste prioritera insatser utifrån resurskostnad och utfall. Dessa prioriteringar blir viktigare för lag eller föreningar med begränsade resurser. Damishockey har länge varit lågt prioriterad i förhållande till herrarnas motsvarighet, vilket har lett till att de flesta lag har begränsade resurser, även på hög nivå. Denna artikel undersöker utifrån tidigare forskning hur man kan mäta prestationsfaktorer inom damishockey på ett resurseffektivt sätt.
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| 20. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory- and field-based testing as predictors of skating performance in competetive-level female ice hockey
- 2016
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Ingår i: Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. - 1179-1543. ; 7, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether field-based and/or laboratory-based assessments are valid tools for predicting key performance characteristics of skating in competitive-level female hockey players.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.METHODS: Twenty-three female ice hockey players aged 15-25 years (body mass: 66.1±6.3 kg; height: 169.5±5.5 cm), with 10.6±3.2 years playing experience volunteered to participate in the study. The field-based assessments included 20 m sprint, squat jump, countermovement jump, 30-second repeated jump test, standing long jump, single-leg standing long jump, 20 m shuttle run test, isometric leg pull, one-repetition maximum bench press, and one-repetition maximum squats. The laboratory-based assessments included body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), maximal aerobic power, and isokinetic strength (Biodex). The on-ice tests included agility cornering s-turn, cone agility skate, transition agility skate, and modified repeat skate sprint. Data were analyzed using stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between key performance characteristics of skating and the predictor variables.RESULTS: Regression models (adj R2) for the on-ice variables ranged from 0.244 to 0.663 for the field-based assessments and from 0.136 to 0.420 for the laboratory-based assessments. Single-leg tests were the strongest predictors for key performance characteristics of skating. Single leg standing long jump alone explained 57.1%, 38.1%, and 29.1% of the variance in skating time during transition agility skate, agility cornering s-turn, and modified repeat skate sprint, respectively. Isokinetic peak torque in the quadriceps at 90° explained 42.0% and 32.2% of the variance in skating time during agility cornering s-turn and modified repeat skate sprint, respectively.CONCLUSION: Field-based assessments, particularly single-leg tests, are an adequate substitute to more expensive and time-consuming laboratory assessments if the purpose is to gain knowledge about key performance characteristics of skating.
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| 21. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Performance profiling of female ice hockey players by country and position
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine whether physiological qualities and on- ice skating performance differ by country and by position in women’s ice hockey.Design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: A total of 109 female ice hockey players volunteered for the study: 45 players from Sweden (19.38 ± 2.56 years; body mass 69.43 ± 7.05 kg: height 169.83 ± 5.03 cm) and 64 players from Canada (19.84 ± 1.62 years; body mass 68.28 ± 7.72 kg: height 166.14 ± 13.67 cm). Anthropometric assessments included estimated body composition using skinfold measurements. Physiological assessments included tests for acceleration, strength, power and aerobic endurance. Performance assessments included on-ice agility and anaerobic tests. Data were analyzed for mean differences by country and position using a two-way ANOVA.Results: The Swedish players had less body fat (p=.007), more lean mass (p=.005), and higher Beep test scores (p=.001). The Canadian players performed better on leg strength (p=.026), acceleration (p=.001), single leg standing long jumps (right leg p=.002, left leg p=.030) and the modified repeat sprint skate (MRSS) (p=.029). Positional comparisons between forwards (F) and defenders (D) showed no significant differences. F and D performed better than goalies (G) on the beep test (p=.002 and p=.002, respectively).Conclusion: The findings showed that the physiological profile for the female ice hockey players in this sample differed by country. The results indicate that the Canadian profile may be better adapted for on-ice performance. No performance differences were found between F and D. G are subjected to completely different requirements, due to variation in equipment and movement patterns, and should not be compared to F and D.
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| 22. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Running a team is like laying a puzzle : elite coaches' experiences of women's ice hockey
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore aspects important for sport development and performance in women’s ice hockey, and to reflect on the conditions in Sweden and in North America.Method: Data were collected using individual interviews analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The sample including eight ice hockey coaches, two women and six men from being active coaches for female teams on the highest national level.Result: The analysis resulted in the theme “Coaching with a holistic approach” and three categories; “Individually oriented and humane leadership”, “Insight and understanding of performance requirements”, and “Necessary conditions for sport development”. The results displayed the complex task of managing a top-level team. In order to coordinate available preconditions into a beneficial environment for the players to develop and perform, the coached had adopted a holistic approach to coaching. A holistic approach to coaching was considered necessary to promote human-, as well as athletic-development in WIH.Conclusion: This study suggests that leadership, conditions and requirement of the game, are interrelated and all has to be considered to meet the requirements of the sport and provide opportunities for development. Furthermore, we suggest WIH would benefit from being treated as its own unique experience, instead of being compared to MIH.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Molenaar, Claire E., et al.
(författare)
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The Relative Age Effect in Women's Ice Hockey : International and Positional Comparison
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 47:5S, s. 629-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A relative age effect (RAE), or chronological age differences among individuals within the same age group, has been observed in 14 sports (Cobley et al., 2009). A strong RAE has been reported in men’s ice hockey since 1985 (Barnsley et al., 1985). In contrast, research on RAE in women’s ice hockey is limited (Wattie et al., 2007; Weir et al., 2010) and findings are equivocal.PURPOSE: To determine whether there is a RAE in women’s ice hockey, and if it varies by country or player position.METHODS: Participants were 117 female ice hockey players (mean age=19.9±2.3 yr) on 2 Swedish elite-level club teams (n=54) and 4 Canadian university teams (n=63). Players reported birthdate and position (Forward=F, Defenseman=D, Goalie=G). Birthdates were coded by quartiles (Q1: Jan.-March, Q2: April-June, Q3: July-Sept., Q4: Oct.-Dec.) and by half-year. Birthdate data were submitted to chi-square analyses for the sample, by country, and by position. SPSS 17.0 for Windows was used for all analyses (significance level: p<0.05). RESULTS: A significant RAE was observed for the entire sample by quartile (Q1: 28.2%, Q2: 34.2%, Q3: 25.6%, Q4: 12.0%; χ2=12.402, p=0.006). More players were born in the first half of the year than the second (62.4% vs. 37.6%, respectively; χ2=7.188, p=0.007). In contrast, Q4 was underrepresented for the sample and by country (Canada: 12.7%, Sweden: 11.1%). A RAE was present for the Canadian players by quartile (χ2=13.381, p=0.004) and half-year (χ2=9.921, p=0.002); however, no RAE was observed for Swedish players. In addition, a significant RAE was observed for the entire sample by position for G and D by quartiles (G - χ2=10.077, p=0.018; D - χ2=8.444, p=0.038) and half year (G - χ2=6.231, p=0.013; D - χ2=4.000, p=0.046), but not for F.CONCLUSIONS: The significant RAE in this sample is consistent with that in men’s ice hockey and the tendency for greater participation by relatively older players in women’s ice hockey. RAE absence in the Swedish players may reflect lower participant number, competitive level, and sociocultural support, as well as greater variation in skill level. The significant RAEs observed in Canadian players and by position support the findings of Weir et al. (2010), but the positional differences found were inconsistent, perhaps due to differences in sample size and competitive level between studies.
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- Strömbäck, Edit, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and consequences of injuries in powerlifting : a cross-sectional study
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. - Thousand Oaks, California : Sage Publications. - 2325-9671. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Powerlifting consists of the squat, bench press, and dead lift, and extreme loads are lifted during training and competitions. Previous studies, which have defined an injury as an event that causes an interruption in training or competitions, have reported a relatively low frequency of powerlifting injuries (1.0-4.4 injuries/1000 hours of training). No previous study has investigated the prevalence of injuries, defined as a condition of pain or impairment of bodily function that affects powerlifters’ training, in a balanced sample of men and women, and no studies have established possible risk factors for an injury.Purpose: To investigate the prevalence, localization, and characterization of injuries among Swedish subelite classic powerlifters, with an emphasis on differences between men and women, and to investigate whether training and lifestyle factors are associated with an injury.Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: A total of 53 female and 51 male Swedish subelite powerlifters answered an online questionnaire including questions about background characteristics, training habits, and lifestyle factors. The main part of the questionnaire included questions about injuries and their consequences. An injury was defined as a condition of pain or impairment of bodily function that affects powerlifters’ training.Results: Seventy percent (73/104) of participants were currently injured, and 87% (83/95) had experienced an injury within the past 12 months. The lumbopelvic region, shoulder, and hip were the most commonly injured areas for both sexes. Women experienced a significantly greater frequency of injuries in the neck and thoracic region than men. Injuries seemed to occur during training, although only 16% (11/70) of those currently injured had to completely refrain from training. Training frequency, greater personal best in the dead lift, injury onset during bench-press and dead-lift training, use of straps, alcohol consumption, and dietary issues were associated with current injuries.Conclusion: Injuries are very common in subelite powerlifters. Men and women report similar injury frequencies but different anatomic locations. These injuries do not prevent powerlifters from training and competing, but they may change the content of training sessions. Why powerlifters develop injuries is still unclear; however, it is likely that the management of training loads and optimization of the lifting technique during the squat, bench press, and dead lift are of importance.
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