| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Struggle for time to teach. Teachers experiences of their work situation.
- 2011
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In: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 40:Suppl 1, s. 111-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this study was to from a gender perspective, explore elementary school teacher' experiences of their work situation, and identify conditions that could be health risks. Participants: Eighteen female teachers who work in an elementary school in Northern Sweden. Method: Thematic interviews were conducted using an interview guide. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed text and interpretations were made within gender theory. Results: Four categories emerged: "Squeezed between dream and reality", "Effort to keep up with demands", "We can make it together" and "The school needs men's qualities". The categories were linked together with the theme "A struggle for time to teach". The theme describes the conflict between the teachers' ambitions to teach and create a stimulating learning environment versus the increased need for behaviour control that took time from classroom work. Beside work at the school, the teachers carried a large burden of domestic work.Conclusions: Teachers' work includes both endless demands and great joy. Their work is structured within the schools gender system in which caring duties are subordinated despite a growing demand for behaviour control. Traditional gender roles affect their domestic work load.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Brännström, Lotta, 1973-
(author)
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"Alltså det finns ju ingen respekt!” : Tjejers perspektiv på (o)trygghet och genusrelaterat våld i vardagen– en photovoicestudie
- 2021
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Genusrelaterat våld, och då specifikt killar och mäns våld mot tjejer och kvinnor är ett allvarligt globalt folkhälsoproblem, en kränkning av mänskligarättigheter och ett hot mot ett demokratiskt samhälle. De flesta studierna gällande genusrelaterat våld är genomförda i städer eller stadsnära områden och vi saknar tillräcklig kunskap om våld mot tjejer och unga kvinnor på landsbygd. Därför är det övergripande syftet med licentiatavhandlingen att öka kunskapen om genusrelaterat våld mot tjejer på landsbygd genom den participatoriska metoden photovoice.Licentiatavhandlingen består av en kappa och två publicerade delstudier [I‐II] som syftar till att skapa en djupare förståelse för genusrelaterat våld mot tjejer på landsbygd i Sverige, utifrån tjejers egna perspektiv. I studie [II] utökades syftet till att också diskutera metodens potential att nå nyckelpersoner inom policyfältet och leda till social förändring, utöver dess förmåga att informera och engagera. Det är genomgående kvalitativa studier. Det empiriska materialet består av insamlat data genom photovoice samt workshops och gruppintervjuer [I‐II]. Materialet består även av intervjuer med beslutsfattare (tjänstepersoner och politiker) och material från en inspelad podcast [II]. Insamlat data analyserades med hjälp av induktiv och deduktiv tematisk analys [I], en beskrivande aktionsorienterad analys samt innehållsanalys [II].Analysen i studie [I] utmynnade i två primära teman: det första temat konstant rädsla har två sub‐teman som förklarar en rädsla som är integrerad i tjejernas vardag, och som förminskar deras handlingsutrymmen. Det andra temat fokuserar på de strategier som tjejerna använder för att hantera denna konstanta rädsla, och detta bryts sedan ner i två sub‐teman som visar hur genusnormer till stor del påverkar beteende och förväntningar. Även resultatet i studie [II] visar att tjejernas känsla av kontroll var begränsad och att olika situationer i vardagslivet präglades av känslor av minskat handlingsutrymme och agens. Studien visar också att photovoice är en lämplig metod för att visuellt förmedla deltagarnas perspektiv samt att engagera och informera beslutsfattare, men att enbart metoden i sig inte kan garantera social förändring.Normativa föreställningar om genus påverkar i hög grad både språk och beteende bland ungdomar, och trots att Sverige ofta omtalas och framställs som ett jämställt samhälle finns det flera indikationer på det motsatta. Tjejers handlingsutrymme är betydligt mindre jämfört med killars, och tjejer marginaliseras i en mängd situationer och sociala interaktioner. Deltagarna i studien såg också ett tydligt samband mellan genusrelaterat våld och allvarliga hälsokonsekvenser, och studien hjälper oss förstå hur och på vilket sätt tonårstjejer i Sverige påverkas negativt av genusrelaterat våld. Den alarmerande höga förekomsten av genusrelaterat våld bland unga visar betydelsen av att adressera problemet redan från tidig ålder.
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| 6. |
- Brännström, Lotta, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Girls’ Perspectives on Gendered Violence in Rural Sweden : Photovoice as a Method for Increased Knowledge and Social Change
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research has shown for decades that gendered violence against girls and women is a major public health problem with devastating long-term health consequences for individuals and communities alike. Knowledge of gendered violence against girls and young women thus needs to be increased not only in urban, but also in rural areas, and from girls’ own perspectives. Research methods should also be developed that will facilitate the possibility of reaching policy makers, i.e. to reach those with the power to bring about social change. This study had two main goals. The first was to use photovoice as a methodology to gain increased knowledge about gendered violence against girls and young women in rural Sweden, while the second was to discuss the potential of reaching social change through photovoice as well as offer some critique. We worked with 35 adolescent girls enrolled in an upper secondary school in rural Sweden. Six workshops, which focused on (un)safety, different forms of violence, and the consequences of violence, were analyzed with an action-oriented approach and content analysis. The photovoice material also resulted in an exhibition that was used to reach policy makers. The findings show that the girls’ ability to control their own lives was limited and that a number of different situations in their everyday lives were related to a reduced sense of space and reduced sense of agency. The findings also highlight that the girls were constantly sexually harassed online, which created a feeling of being unable to escape. We argue that photovoice is suitable in mediating girls’ perspectives and in engaging and informing key policy makers, although the method alone cannot assure social change.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Brännström, Lotta, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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“You are so ugly, you whore”- girls in rural Sweden discuss and address gendered violence
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Girls face gendered violence on an everyday basis, and this may have severe health consequences. Purpose: The aim of this study was to learn about gendered violence facing girls in rural Sweden in their everyday life, as it is experienced by the girls themselves. Method: Using the photovoice method, we worked with 35 girls in an upper secondary school, aged between 16 and 20, to explore how they navigated social spaces and developed strategies for increased safety. Results: Thematic analysis revealed two main themes (constant fear and strategies) and four sub themes (fear of being raped, fear of being labelled and excluded, being “appropriately” sexually active, and appearance and performance for increased feelings of safety). Conclusion: We considered how gendered violence facing girls led to fear and marginalization in a range of situations and interactions. Consequently, girls occupied significantly smaller social spaces compared to boys, and we argue that this was reproduced and upheld through everyday practices informed by hegemonic masculinity and performativity.
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| 10. |
- Carlberg Rindestig, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Experiences of online sexual violence : interviews with Swedish teenage girls in psychiatric care
- 2023
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In: Violence against Women. - : Sage Publications. - 1077-8012 .- 1552-8448.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research about online sexual violence (OSV) is needed to be able to better meet the needs of girls in psychiatric care. The objectives of this study are to explore experiences of online sexual violence among young female psychiatric service users. Interviews with nine girls with psychiatric care needs were analyzed with thematic analysis. The findings are summarized in four themes which contribute to the notion that online sexual violence is only one, albeit important, part of a more complex picture of violence among young girls in psychiatric care. The girls’ narratives are shaped by, as well as reproducing gender norms.
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| 11. |
- Carlerby, Heidi, 1967-
(author)
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Health and Social Determinants Among Boys and Girls in Sweden : Focusing on Parental Background
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The majority of Swedish boys and girls have good psychosomatic health. Despite that the risk of mental health problems such as nervousness, feeling low and sleeping difficulties has increased steadily in recent decades. Moreover, previous surveys on health and well-being indicate that boys and girls of foreign extraction in Sweden are at increased risk of ill health compared to boys and girls of Swedish background. The main aim of this thesis was to analyse health and social determinants among boys and girls of foreign extraction in Sweden. The factors explored in papers I–IV include parental background, family affluence and gender and their associations with subjective health complaints, psychosomatic problems or health risk behaviours. Other included risk factors for ill health were involvement in bullying, low participation and discrimination at school. This thesis takes an intersectional perspective, with ambitions to be able to emphasize the interplay between different power relations (i.e. gender, social class and parental background). Two sets of cross-sectional data were used. Three papers were based on the Swedish part of the World Health Organization’s Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. The sample consisted of 11,972 children (boys n = 6054; girls n = 5918) in grades five, seven and nine from the measurement years 1997/98, 2001/02 and 2005/06. The response rate varied between 85 and 90%. About one fifth of the included children were of foreign extraction. For the fourth paper regional data from Northern Sweden were used. Boys (n = 729) and girls (n = 798) in grades six to nine answered a questionnaire in 2011 and the response rate was 80%. About 14% of the included children were of foreign extraction. Statistical methods used were chi-square test, correlation analyses, logistic regression analyses, cluster analyses and test of mediating factor. The results showed that girls of foreign background were at increased risk of subjective health complaints (SHC) and boys of mixed background were at increased risk of psychosomatic problems (PSP). Increased risk of allocation to the cluster profile of multiple risk behaviour was shown in boys and girls of mixed background, in girls of foreign background and in girls of low family affluence. Increased risk of allocation to the cluster profile of inadequate tooth brushing was shown in boys and girls of foreign background and in girls of low family affluence. General risk factors for increased risk of ill health for boys and girls in Sweden were: any form of bullying involvement, low family affluence, low participation and discrimination at school, of which the latter also was a mediating factor for ill health. Living with a single parent was a risk factor for ill health among girls. The results can function as a basis for developing health promotion programmes at schools that focus on social consequences of foreign extraction, family affluence, participation as well as health risk behaviours and gender.
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| 12. |
- Carlerby, Heidi, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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How Bullying Involvement is Associated with the Distribution of Parental Background and With Subjective Health Complaints Among Swedish Boys and Girls
- 2013
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In: Social Indicators Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 111:3, s. 775-783
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to analyze how bullying involvement is associated with the distribution of parental background and with subjective health complaints (SHC) among Swedish boys and girls. Data were collected from the World Health Organization, Health Behavior in School-aged Children (WHO/HBSC) survey, measurement years 1997/1998, 2001/2002 and 2005/2006. A total of 11,972 boys (50.6 %) and girls (49.4 %) in grades five, seven and nine participated in the study. The adolescents were categorized in subgroups according to parental background: Swedish (80.1 %), mixed (10.5 %) and foreign(9.7 %). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate remaining risk of SHC in the categories of bullying involvement. The frequencies of bullying involvement once or more were: none involved (74.8 %), victims (10.6 %), bullies (10.3 %) and bully/victims (4.4 %). Six out of ten involved in bullying were boys. Boys of foreign background were more involved as bullies compared to boys of mixed or Swedish background. Girls of foreign background were more involved in all three categories of bullying than girls of mixed or Swedish background. Increased risk of SHC was estimated among all adolescents involved in bullying, with highest OR in the category of bully/victims, OR 3.95 (CI 3.13–4.97) for the boys and OR 4.51 (CI 4.51–6.40) for the girls. The multivariate models were stable even after adjustment for socio-demographics. There are some associations between bullying involvement and parental background. Regardless of parental background, family affluence, family structure and gender, all adolescents involved in bullying are at increased risk of SHC.
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| 13. |
- Carlerby, Heidi, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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How discrimination and participation are associated with psychosomatic problems among boys and girls in northern Sweden
- 2012
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In: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-5005 .- 1949-4998. ; 4:10, s. 866-872
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Negative impact on health from school disturbance due to asymmetric power relations such as discrimination and offensive treatment are frequent problems among students. This study sought to analyze associations between occurrence of discrimination at school, participation and psychosomatic problems. Methods: Pupils in grades 6–9 in ten schools in a northern Swedish municipality participated in the study. The frequency of discrimination at school was measured by six items: sex; culture or ethnicity; disability; religion beliefs; sexual preferences; and any other form of discrimination. The Social and Civic Objectives Scale (SCOS) was used for an estimation of the level of participation. The pupils’ health was measured by the PsychoSomatic Problem (PSP) scale. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for estimation of increased risk of PSP. The formula Z=d/s (d)was used to test mediation. Results: Two thirds of the boys and three fourths of the girls reported occurrences of discrimination at schools (p = 0.001). Discrimination was a mediating factor between participation and PSP among boys and girls as the mediating formula Z=d/s (d) was > + 2 SD, –2.59 for boys and –39.27 for girls. Independent of each other, low participation and discrimination were associated with increased risk of PSP. Conclusion: Discrimination was a mediating factor between participation and PSP. The mediating effectwas stronger in girls than in boys. There is a need for school health promotion programsfocusing on participation in terms of democratic processes, communication and cooperation in the classroom.
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| 14. |
- Carlerby, Heidi, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Risk behaviour, parental background, and wealth: a cluster analysis among Swedish boys and girls in the HBSC study
- 2012
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 40:4, s. 368-376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To analyse how health risk behaviours (HRB) are clustered and associated with parental background and family wealth among Swedish boys and girls.Methods: Data were collected from Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC),a global cross-sectional survey for 1997/98, 2001/02, and 2005/06. A total of 11,972 boys and girls in grades 5, 7, and 9 participated in the study. The pupils were categorised in subgroups according to parental background: Swedish (80.0%), mixed (10.6%), and foreign (9.4%). Cluster analyses were used to identify HRB profiles. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between cluster allocation, parental background, and family affluence.Results: In total 11,232 pupils were identified and allocated to five cluster profiles, half of them in the cluster profile of low-risk behaviour. The most disadvantaged cluster was multiple HRB, which was characterised by high prevalence of smoking, drunkenness, low physical activity, and high soft-drink consumption. The cluster profile of multiple HRB was associated with both mixed background and foreign background in girls and with mixed background in boys.. The cluster profile of inadequate tooth brushing was associated with foreign background in both boys and girls. The cluster profiles of multiple HRB and inadequate tooth brushing were associated with low family affluence in girls.Conclusions: The cluster profiles of multiple HRB and inadequate tooth brushing were associated with parental foreign extraction in boys and girls and with low family affluence in girls. Prevention programmes based on identified clusters of HRB, including consideration of impact of socio-demographic indicators, are needed.
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| 15. |
- Carlerby, Heidi, et al.
(author)
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Subjective health complaints among boys and girls in the Swedish HBSC study : focussing on parental foreign background
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 56:5, s. 457-464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The general aim of this study was to explore the associations between foreign extraction and subjective health complaints (SHC) among school-aged children in Sweden. Methods: Data were obtained from the global cross-sectional survey Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), 1997/1998, 2001/2002, and 2005/2006. A total of 11,972 pupils in grades 5, 7 and 9 participated in the survey. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate remaining risk of SHC among the subgroups of pupils. The analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic indicators, grade and measurement year. Results: Parental background: Swedish n = 9,585, mixed n = 1,263, and foreign n = 1,124. The results showed an increased risk of SHC among girls with a foreign background OR 1.27 (95% CI 1.04-1.55) compared with girls with a Swedish background and among girls in single-adult households OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.20-1.67) compared with girls in two-adult households. No such differences were shown among boys. Conclusions: A significantly increased risk of ill health remained in girls of foreign background after adjustment for socio-demographic indicators, grade and measurement year. © 2011 Swiss School of Public Health.
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| 16. |
- Dahlqvist, Heléne, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Co-occurrence of online and offline bullying and sexual harassment among youth in Sweden : Implications for studies on victimization and health - a short communication
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 81:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies of co-occurrence of online and offline victimisation of bullying and sexual harassment and its associations to mental health outcomes among youth are scarce. To inform future study designs, the aim of this brief communication was to map co-occurrence of online and offline bullying and sexual harassment victimisation among adolescents. Data were collected in 2011 in nine schools in Northern Sweden, n = 1193 (boys = 566; girls = 627). Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated to find combinations of victimisation: one, two, three, or four forms. Reflecting a picture of the early days of online victimisation, in total fifty seven percent (57%) of adolescents were victimised. Single occurrence victimisation was 21.2% (offline sexual harassment was most common irrespective of gender), showing that most youths were victimised in a co-occurrence of two or more forms. Seven percent (7%) were victimised by all four forms of victimisation. Offline sexual harassment victimisation was present in the most common co-occurrences. Directions for future studies of victimisation and its associations to mental health outcomes are discussed.
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| 17. |
- Dahlqvist, Heléne, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Cyber sexual harassment and cyber bullying victimization and associations with not feeling safe at school in Sweden
- 2023
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: In a recent WHO report (1), it is stated that the “stranger danger” narrative when it comes to cyber perpetration needs to be toned down. It is more common for young people to be victimized by somebody they know such as friends, peers at school and relatives (2-4). The hypothesis is that many of the cyber perpetrators are peers at school, that means that perceived school safety is as a very important issue to address. Aim: To determine the association between cyber sexual harassment as well as cyber bullying victimization and not feeling safe in school as well as being afraid of other students at school among Swedish 15-year-olds.Mathods: January-April 2023, a survey addressing cyber sexual harassment and cyber bullying, was disseminated in a random sample of high schools (n =24/41) in the Northern part of Sweden. Participating students were in grade nine (15-year-olds). The sample consisted of 68 homerooms, and 1 501 students. Response rate was 80%, (N =1 213). Binary logistic regression models was used to determine the associations Adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as perceived peer support were made. In addition, the models was adjusted for offline victimization.Results: There were no significant associations between online victimization and not feeling safe at school either gender. Low peer support seems to be an important factor for both boys and girls regarding not feeling safe at school. There were no significant associations among boys at all. Online and in-person bullying was associated with being afraid among girls. An additional analysis show that girls were mainly cyber bullied by an unknown person and a girl at school, while it was most common to be bullied in person by a girl at school and next most common by a boy at school.Conclusions: Peer support seems to be of importance for feeling safe at school. Facilitating and promoting good peer relations at school may increase feelings of being safe at school. Girls being victimized by cyber as well as in-person bullying showed an increased probability of being afraid of somebody at school. This somebody is likely to be a girl at school as the most common perpetrator was a girl at school. Future research should investigate how being afraid of somebody at school affects school attendance and academic achievement, including potential mediating factors such as poor mental health.
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| 18. |
- Dahlqvist, Heléne, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Mobile phone filmmaking in health promotion. Addressing problematic social media use in Swedish youth.
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Digital media is an important part in the everyday lives of young people. However, hate, threats, and harassment on social media is becoming a global public mental health issue among youth. To promote mental health in this age group, this issue needs to be addressed, and community-based health promotion, in particular participatory interventions, are needed to make measures taken meaningful for youth. The aim of the study was twofold; to teach participatory mobile phone filmmaking to Youth Community Center (YCC) staff; and to investigate how they assess this method regarding feasibility, relevance, costs, resources needed, and time considerations. Methods: YCC staff participated in a two-day mobile phone filmmaking training. Group interviews that were recorded and transcribed verbatim were conducted and field notes were taken. Data was deductively analyzed in accordance with Elo and Kyngäs (2008).Results: YCC staff found the technology was easily accessible and the method needs limited extra resources. It has the potential to promote creativity and can be used as a means to involve young people in describing the issue in their own words, and to find a solution to the issue at hand. The method also has the potential to reach and engage the whole community as organizing a mobile phone film event is part of the process. Time consumption was not perceived as an issue, as staff is free to plan activities as they see fit.Conclusions: According to YCC staff, participatory mobile phone filmmaking has the potential to promote positive interactions on social media among youth. This in turn has the potential to promote wellbeing of young people. Recommendations are that this method is tested among young people and investigate if it is a helpful intervention to promote mental health in this age group.Main messages1. Participatory mobile phone filmmaking may be useful in youth mental health promotion.2. The method is cheap, easily accessible, and have the potential to involve the whole community.
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| 19. |
- Dahlqvist, Heléne, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Poly-victimization of Bullying, Sexual Harassment and Violence in Youth : A Latent Class Analysis
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: Violence in a broad sense among youth is common and there is some evidence that there are groups of youth who are victims of more than one form of violence. More knowledge is needed in terms of patterning of subgroups of poly-victimization. The aim was to explore if there are distinct subgroups of youth with particular patterns of violence victimization.Method: Survey data from a Swedish sample (n = 1,569) of 14-16-year-olds were used (females 48.4%). Measures were physical violence, threat of physical violence, bullying, sexual harassment, and cyber bullying and harassment in the past six months as well as lifetime physical violence. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of youth with particular violence victimization patterns. Model fit assessment was based on model parsimony, theoretical justification and fit indices criteria (the Akaike information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion).Result: A three-latent-class model was selected: 1. Poly-victims with high probabilities of being victimized by a multitude of different types of violence (girls 47.6%). 2. Overall low probabilities of violence victimization (girls 47.5%). 3. High probabilities of victimization of sexual harassment off- and online as well as bullying online (girls 65.6%).Discussion: Three distinct subgroups of violence victimization in youth was evident in the data. There was a greater representation of girls in the purely sexualized violence sub-group. Further research and preventive programs should acknowledge that young people who are victims of one type of violence are likely also to be victims of other types of violence.
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| 20. |
- Dahlqvist, Heléne, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Social media and the unsolicited dicpic - constructions of masculinities and femininities among youth
- 2021
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The use of social media is a central part of young people’s lives and problematic use, e.g., continuing usage despite evidence of harm is not uncommon. Social media offer young people opportunities to harness teenage discourses of social positioning. The dissemination of unsolicited images of the erect male sexual organ, or so called ‘dicpics’, is one way to engage in discursive practices that will position oneself within the context of power relations and enforcing of hegemonic masculinity. The specific aim of our study was to deepen the understanding of boys’ and girls’ experiences of unsolicited ‘dicpics’ and in particular how they construct masculinity and femininity in their understanding of senders and receivers of such images. Method: We conducted ten group interviews separated by gender (3-7 participants each) with Swedish 12-19 years old adolescents in 2019. The interviews took place at Youth Community Centers. The interviews lasted about 60 minutes and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using latent thematic analysis. Findings: We found one main theme in the interviews; Setting the stage – performed masculinity and the negotiation of gendered social positions. The sender of the unsolicited ‘dicpic’ was a complex matter and was constructed in different ways generating five sub-themes. The construction of the receiving girl on the other hand, had less variation with two sub-themes. Conclusions: There seems to be a discursive gap in boys’ and girls’ understanding of the unsolicited ‘dicpic’. Girls seem to assume that there is some sort of romantic or sexual interest behind this behavior while boys also recognize this behavior as harassment. These findings can inform internet safety educators, legal guardians, and professionals working with young people. However, when addressing the phenomena of the unsolicited ‘dicpic’ it is important also to challenge mainstream constructions of masculinities and femininities.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Dahlström, Albin, et al.
(author)
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Do pupils who report a high degree of social and civic competence in class report less experiences of bullying and sexual harassment?
- 2023
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to prevent bullying and sexual harassment at school we have to focus more on the context where these conducts occur and less on individual behaviors. Earlier studies show that schools where pupils report a high degree of participation in the classroom have higher grades and less bulling than other schools and less discrimination in general as well as less psychosomatic symptoms. The definition of participation in this study is measured as aspects of social and civic objectives (Ahlström 2010). There is a need to develop interventions that not only can prevent bullying and sexual harassment IRL, but also different forms of online victimization. The overall aim is to analyze if pupils who report a high degree of participation also report a low degree of online and offline victimization.A web-based questionnaire will be distributed to about 20 schools during January-February 2023. With a calculated response rate of about 80%, the final sample will consist of about 1100 students in grade 9, representing half of the targeted population in a county in Northern Sweden. The questionnaire has a focus on mental health and includes a broad spectrum of online and offline bullying and harassment as well as sociodemographic and school-related variables. Participation is measured with the Social and Civic Objectives Scale (SCOS) constructed from the three dimensions democratic competence, co-operation and communication in the classroom. The results are expected to show that pupils who experience a high degree of participation at school also report a lower degree of online and offline bullying and sexual harassment compared with those who report a low degree of participation. The results in this study can inform schools about the possibilities to work for a positive psychosocial environment in the class and in the school through a pedagogy that not only increases the pupil’s social and civic competence but also decrease the level of different forms of bullying and harassment
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Fahlgren, Siv, et al.
(author)
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A room of our own : A collective biography of an exercise in interdisciplinary feminism.
- 2011
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In: Normalization and “outsiderhood”. - UAE : Bentham eBooks. - 9781608052790 ; , s. 106-116
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: The interdisciplinary research project “Challenging gender” was a joint effort by members of two Swedish universities. Researchers were grouped by five different themes, while together they became “the Arena”. The present authors’ theme focused on normalization processes, and included gender researchers from literary studies, sociology, social work, and public health studies. The purpose of this chapter is to explore what it is to challenge normalization processes as researchers; the context is interdisciplinary gender research under a neo-liberal regime. To deepen their understanding of what the process has occasioned, the researchers used “collective biography”, a memory-work method developed by Bronwyn Davies, who led the researchers’ work of writing down their memories prompted by experience of striations and of lines of flight. In this chapter the memories so produced are discussed in the light of Virginia Woolf’s A room of one’s own. Thanks to the financial resources the project was able to muster, we were able to create the kind of collective “room” where we could take the opportunity to be creative and challenge structural patterns – but equally where we could give vent to our frustration at these same patterns. Our memories seemed to waver between fragile but uplifting flashes of optimism and a feeling that nothing would work, and not only just the one or the other – always somewhere in between. Our theoretical understanding of normality grew out of that most dangerous of ideas: that we should open our minds to the unpredictable, the non-normalizing, to whatever could be different
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| 25. |
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Forum för genusvetenskap - en jubilar i vardande : Tillsammans och på eget håll
- 2022
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mid Sweden University’s Forum for Gender Studies (FGV) is aninterdisciplinary and intercampus platform from which to initiate and coordinate gender studies at the university and beyond. This volume is ananniversary number that aims to mobilize and re-vitalize Forum for genderstudies future research strategy. It collects stories form the past, directionsfor the future and arguments for continued solidarity work. “Solidarityinvolves commitment, and work, as well as the recognition that even if wedo not have the same feelings, or the same lives, or the same bodies, we dolive on common ground.” (Sara Ahmed)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, et al.
(author)
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A possible contributor to the higher degree of girls reporting psychological symptoms compared with boys in grade nine?
- 2005
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 15:4, s. 380-385
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: It is a recurrent finding that adolescent girls report psychological symptoms in a higher degree compared with boys. The explanations for this difference vary, but the psychosocial school environment has never been a focus in these explanations. The aim of this study was to analyse whether psychosocial factors at school were associated with a high degree of psychological symptoms among boys and girls in grade nine, with a special focus on sexual harassment. Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional study including 336 pupils (175 girls and 161 boys) in grade nine (about 15 years old), who answered an extensive questionnaire. The non-response rate was negligible (<1%). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse whether school-related factors (teacher support, classmate support, sexual harassment), body image, and parental support were associated with a high degree of psychological symptoms. Results: Sexual harassment at school was associated with a high degree of psychological symptoms among girls. Conclusions: Sexual harassment must be acknowledged as a negative psychosocial school environmental factor of importance for the high degree of psychological ill-health symptoms among girls compared with boys.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja
(author)
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Barns och ungdomars hälsa
- 2004
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In: Kropp och genus i medicinen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 914403217X ; , s. 363-370
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Innehåll: Flickors och pojkars ohälsomönster, Självrapporterad ohälsa, Skolan som arena för hälsa och ohälsa, Sexualiserat våld, Levnadsvanor och risktagande
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| 31. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, et al.
(author)
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Can school-related factors predict future health behaviour among young adolescents?
- 2002
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In: Public Health. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 116:1, s. 22-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although the prevention of unfavourable health behaviour among young people has high priority in public health, the possibility of finding risk factors at school has not been sufficiently studied. The objective of this study was to find predictors among young pupils for later unfavourable health behaviour, with special focus on school-related factors.A three-year prospective study was started in 1994 including 279 pupils (141 girls and 138 boys) from different socioeconomic areas. The pupils answered a comprehensive questionnaire in grade six and grade nine. The non-response rate was negligible. The best predictors for health behaviour among boys and girls in grade nine were factors related to earlier health/health behaviour. The results also indicated that school-related factors could predict future health behaviour, especially in relation to low physical activity among girls.The school has an important role to play in identification of future unfavourable health behaviour among pupils at the school, both directly through recognising school-related risk factors and also indirectly through paying special attention to pupils with unfavourable health/health behaviour. Our findings indicate the need for more research in younger ages, as negative health behaviour already seems to be established at 12 y of age.
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| 32. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, et al.
(author)
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Do changes in the psychosocial school environment influence pupils' health development? Results from a three-year follow-up study
- 2003
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 31:3, s. 169-177
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: This study analysed the effects of psychosocial factors at school on pupils' health and self-worth from a longitudinal perspective. Methods: A three-year prospective study was started in 1994, including 533 pupils (261 girls, 272 boys) from 25 different classes in grades 3 and 6. With age-adjusted questionnaires the changes in self-perceived health were compared with changes in psychosocial school environmental factors. Results: The girls in the older cohort reported a negative health development with decreased self-worth and increased somatic and psychological symptoms. Significant gender differences in ill health, but not in self-worth, developed, especially in the older cohort. A multiple regression analysis showed that a negative development of psychosocial factors at school, measured as control, demand, and classmate problems, was associated with poorer health and self-worth among the pupils. A trichotomization of the psychosocial variables at school indicated a possible causal relationship between psychosocial factors and ill health and self-worth. Conclusions: The negative development in pupils' health and self-worth could partly be explained by the more unfavourable psychosocial environment that prevails at school at the senior level. The public health implications of our study can be summarized as the need for schools to improve pupils' social situation at school in relation to their work situation as well as to pay special attention to the school situation of girls at senior level.
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| 33. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Do schools normalise sexual harassment? An analysis of a legal case regarding sexual harassment in a Swedish high school
- 2019
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In: Gender and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-0253 .- 1360-0516. ; 31:7, s. 920-937
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sexual harassment has become so frequent and ubiquitous in schools that these behaviours have become normalised and expected. In order to prevent the re-enactment and perpetuation of this problem, it is important to explore processes that contribute to its existence. A high school sexual harassment lawsuit in Sweden is used as a case study to illustrate ways that might explain how sexual harassment is normalised at the organisational level. A thematic analysis has been used to identify themes and subthemes. The results show a multi-layered web of factors and practices related to sexual harassment at the organisational level in the school. In order to change a school’s culture from one where sexual harassment is normalised, multiple needs must be addressed: organisational weaknesses must be strengthened; adults enact their responsibility to change the situation; and awareness of the relationship between sexual harassment, gender, and power needs to be increased.
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| 34. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, 1960-
(author)
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Does the psychosocial school environment matter for health? : a study of pupils in Swedish compulsory school from a gender perspective
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Despite the fast-growing evidence of the importance of the psychosocial work environment for the health of adults there is a lack of research about the possible health effects of the work environment among pupils, that is, their school environment. This is especially true for the psychosocial aspects of the pupils' school situation.The overall aim of this thesis was to analyse the importance of the psychosocial school environment for the health of pupils in Swedish compulsory school from a gender perspective.Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. A cluster sampling technique was used in order to select six different schools in three medium- sized industrial towns in the north of Sweden. The schools were chosen to represent different socio-economic areas. A three-year prospective study was started in 1994, including a cohort of 533 pupils (261 girls, 272 boys) in grade three and grade six. With age-adjusted questionnaires self-perceived health and psychosocial school environmental factors were measured at the baseline study as well as three years later. The total non-response rate was 0.9%.For the qualitative study, two classes (one from grade 2 and one from 5) were selected and followed with focus group interviews once a year for five years. Twenty-nine single-sex focus group interviews were conducted with themes such as: What they feel good and bad about at school; Strategies for enhanced well-being; What it means to have influence at school.High control in combination with low demands in the school situation was associated with the best health and feelings of self-worth. Multiple regression analyses showed that problems in relations with classmates was the most recurrent psychosocial factor at school pardy explaining ill healthdevelopment and decreased self-worth. Girls had a more negative ill health development than boys between grades six and nine. A study of factors associated with ill health in grade nine showed that sexual harassment among girls and lack of classmate support among both boys and girls were significant risk factors for a high degree of psychological symptoms. Generally, social background factors were less important for pupils' health in this study than the psychosocial environment at school.The best predictors for health behaviour among boys and girls in grade nine were factors related to earlier health/health behaviour. The results also indicated that school-related factors could predict future health behaviour, especially in relation to low physical activity among girls.The qualitative study showed that the girls used 'alliance-building' and 'resistance', in order to increase their power, while 'responsibility-taking' and 'withdrawal' could mean maintained subordination. The boys used mastering techniques (various types of abuse, claiming to be the norm, acting-out behavior, blaming the girls, choosing boys only) to maintain their dominance. The girls' active actions for increased power could be of significant importance for their health. An interpretation of the boys' mastering techniques was that the boys' health would benefit if they gave up striving for power over others.Thus, the psychosocial school environment in regard of demand, control, classmate relations and sexual harassment seemed to matter for pupil's health. School health promotion need to be more gender sensitive, through increasing the awareness of the gender regimes at school and addressing the asymmetric and gendered distribution of power between pupils. Democratic strategies for increased power among pupils in subordinate positions should be encouraged and methods need to be developed in order to encourage health promoting femininities and masculinities at school.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Is gender equality an explicit issue in Swedish high schools? Results from a photovoice study with girls in a vocational program
- 2017
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a contradictory picture of Swedish girls; they are talked about as academically successful and winner at the labor market, but at the same time stressed out, have low self-esteem and high as well as increasing mental health problems. The discourse as well as the gender equality politics are (Everyone sort of know) that Sweden is a gender equal society where women and men can both work and have children, take part in society and where there is (supposed to be) freedom from men’s violence against women. This is true for some girls and women, but to fully understand the challenges and possibilities to work for a gender equal society we have to add an intersectional perspective, including several different power orders. This study will focus on high school girls in a vocational program (proxy for working class) who are invited to participate because of their lack of academic success, low self-esteem and lack of belief in the future. They are participants in a photovoice study aiming at wellbeing, academic success, safety and a positive view of the future. Their suggestions for change will guide an analysis of the high school’s role in creating a gender equality supportive environment in line with the Swedish gender equality discourse.
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| 42. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja
(author)
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Obstacles for equity in health in a school health promotion project among young students
- 2007
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a need for more knowledge about school as an agent for equity in health. The present study is a part of an action research project performed in a Swedish school (grade one to six) in a socially disadvantaged area. The point of departure was that young students have competences to define problems and priorities of changes in their school environment as well as being active participants in the changing process. All students participated in groups in a process of defining suggestions of health promoting changes in their school environment. The aim with the present study was to analyse obstacles for equity in health in a school health promotion project where the students have been active participants. Method: Single-sex focus group interviews (half with girls and half with boys) were conducted with students in two sets: eight interviews were performed directly after the group work at school was completed and another six interviews about a half year after the changing process had started. The students in the focus group interviews were recruited from all classes and ages at the school. The interviews were analyzed with a grounded theory approach. Results: The preliminary results showed that power relations within the group of boys, between the groups of boys and girls, and within the group of girls were obstacles for equity in health. Categories such as harassment, injustice, responsibility taking, homosociality and gender based violence have been developed.Conclusions: Young students can be active participants in the work for a healthy environment at school but the staff at school must consider the unequal power relations between the students and to work with the social climate in general to a higher degree to be successful in reducing inequity among young students.
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| 43. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja
(author)
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Peer sexual harassment in schools - normalisation of gender practices in a neoliberal time
- 2011
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In: Normalization and "outsiderhood". Feminist readings of a neoliberal welfare state. - : Bentham eBooks. - 9781608052790 ; , s. 58-67
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter focuses on the way in which organizations and legislation, despite their explicit intentions, nevertheless promote normative inequality, maintaining sexual harassment as an apparently inevitable part of schooling. Peer sexual harassment is found to be both frequent and pervasive in Swedish schools and is more or less expected as an everyday hassle that students have to handle. This chapter highlights the social and discursive pre-conditions that, despite laws and policies, let behaviours related to sexual harassment continue to take place at a high frequency. These behaviours function as an obstacle for change toward a safe school environment, which is free from discriminating behaviours. Drawing on previous research, this chapter shows the gap between manifest legislation and common practices at school. The method is interpretive and critical, in the sense that it is a sustained discussion of questions being raised by earlier studies. The following six aspects of the discursive normalization processes that collaborate to make sexual harassment a common and concealed phenomenon in Swedish schools are: 1) Not including genderbased violence as a specific domain in the national public health policy; 2) Sexual harassment being invisible in school surveys; 3) Sexual harassment being invisible in anti-bullying programmes; 4) Ignorance of power and gender perspectives in schools; 5) The normalization of asymmetric power relations as a hindrance to victims speaking up and taking action; and 6) Lack of a common understanding and definition of sexual harassment.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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School health promotion to increase empowerment, gender equality and pupil participation : A focus group study of a Swedish elementary school initiative
- 2013
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Routledge. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 57:1, s. 54-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A school health promotion project was carried out in an elementary school in Sweden where active participation, gender equality, and empowerment were leading principles. The objective of the study was to understand challenges and to identify social processes of importance for such a project. Focus group interviews were conducted with 6 single-sex groups (7–12 year olds) in grade 1–2, grade 3–4, and grade 5–6 on 2 occasions. The analysis used a grounded theory approach. The analysis identified the core category “normalization processes of violence and harassment.” It is argued that school health promotion initiatives need to be aware of normalization processes of violence and, which may be counter-productive to the increase of empowerment and participation among all pupils.
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| 48. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja
(author)
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Sexual harassment of girls in elementary school - a concealed phenomenon within a heterosexual romantic discourse
- 2012
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In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 27:9, s. 1762-1779
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of young girls' experiences of peer sexual harassment in elementary school and of normalizing processes of school-related sexualized violence. Six focus group interviews with girls in Grade 1 through 6 were carried out in an elementary school in the northern part of Sweden. A content analyses showed that young girls experienced verbal, nonverbal, and sexual assault behaviors at school. Sexual harassment as a concealed phenomenon and manifest within a romantic discourse were themes found in the analysis. A conclusion is that schools have to acknowledge behaviors related to sexual harassment as a potential problem even in young ages and develop methods to approach the subject also for this age group.
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| 49. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja
(author)
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Skolelevers arbetsmiljö och hälsa. Rapport från elevenkäten 2011.
- 2011
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Förord Den här rapporten är en delrapport inom projektet Ungas Hälsosamma Utveckling. Det är ett treårigt projekt som finansieras av Folkhälsoinstitutet 2009-2011. Regeringen uppmärksammade att barns och ungdomars psykiska hälsa har försämrats under de senaste decennierna och gav Statens folkhälsoinstitut i uppdrag att fördela 50 miljoner kronor till sex kommuner för att utveckla det lokala sektorsövergripande hälsofrämjande arbetet för barn och ungdomar 1. Östersunds kommun är en av dessa kommuner som har fått projektmedel för att öka kunskaperna om hur vi ska kunna främja barns och ungdomars psykiska hälsa. Rapporten bygger på data från den enkätstudie som delades ut till alla elever i årskurs 6-9 i Östersunds kommunala skolor och en friskola i januari 2011. Vi presenterar data för alla skolor sammantaget, men de som vill veta mer om hur det ser ut på den enskilda skolan kan kontakta Björn Wickström på barn- och utbildningsförvaltningen, Östersunds kommun, för mer information. Enkätstudien är longitudinell, dvs. vi delar ut enkäten till samma elever under tre år. Det betyder att vi kan göra analyser och dra slutsatser om samband på ett annat sätt än som är möjligt i tvärsnittsstudier. En av de viktigaste saker för att kunna göra vetenskapliga studier av enkäter är att svarsfrekvensen är tillräckligt hög. Tack vare skolornas engagemang, både bland personalen och bland eleverna, har vi tillräckligt många svarande för att kunna göra statistiska analyser. Men trots en relativt hög svarsfrekvens totalt var det några enskilda skolor där den inte var tillräckligt hög för att göra enskilda återkopplingar. Vi återkommer med ytterligare en enkät i januari 2012 och hoppas då på ett gott samarbete och en tillräckligt hög svarsfrekvens på samtliga skolor. I arbetsgruppen har också folkhälsosamordnare Sofie Bergman och verksamhetscontroller Göran Qvarnström från kommunledningsförvaltningen ingått. Vi som har genomfört studien tackar så mycket för visat intresse och hoppas att ni ska kunna få nytta av resultaten i ert fortsatta arbete.
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