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- Szatmari, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 39:3, s. 319-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable neurodevelopmental conditions. The genetic architecture of ASDs is complex, requiring large samples to overcome heterogeneity. Here we broaden coverage and sample size relative to other studies of ASDs by using Affymetrix 10K SNP arrays and 1,168 families with at least two affected individuals, performing the largest linkage scan to date while also analyzing copy number variation in these families. Linkage and copy number variation analyses implicate chromosome 11p12-p13 and neurexins, respectively, among other candidate loci. Neurexins team with previously implicated neuroligins for glutamatergic synaptogenesis, highlighting glutamate-related genes as promising candidates for contributing to ASDs.
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- De Frenne, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
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Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 110:46, s. 18561-18565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent global warming is acting across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems to favor species adapted to warmer conditions and/or reduce the abundance of cold-adapted organisms (i.e., thermophilization of communities). Lack of community responses to increased temperature, however, has also been reported for several taxa and regions, suggesting that climatic lags may be frequent. Here we show that microclimatic effects brought about by forest canopy closure can buffer biotic responses to macroclimate warming, thus explaining an apparent climatic lag. Using data from 1,409 vegetation plots in European and North American temperate forests, each surveyed at least twice over an interval of 12-67 y, we document significant thermophilization of ground-layer plant communities. These changes reflect concurrent declines in species adapted to cooler conditions and increases in species adapted to warmer conditions. However, thermophilization, particularly the increase of warm-adapted species, is attenuated in forests whose canopies have become denser, probably reflecting cooler growing-season ground temperatures via increased shading. As standing stocks of trees have increased in many temperate forests in recent decades, local microclimatic effects may commonly be moderating the impacts of macroclimate warming on forest understories. Conversely, increases in harvesting woody biomass-e.g., for bioenergy-may open forest canopies and accelerate thermophilization of temperate forest biodiversity.
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- Jensen, R., et al.
(författare)
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Islet cell autoantibody levels after the diagnosis of young adult diabetic patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 24:11, s. 1221-1228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The aim was to determine the course of islet cell antibodies [glutamate decarboxylase (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase-like islet antigen 2 (IA-2A) and islet cell (ICA)] after the diagnosis of the diabetic patient. Methods The Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) attempted to prospectively enrol all newly diagnosed diabetic patients aged 15–34 years during 1992 and 1993. C-peptide and autoantibody levels were determined from venous blood samples at diagnosis and again at yearly intervals for 6 years. Results After the first year, the odds of remaining GADA positive decreased by 9% per year [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.85–0.96] while the mean GADA index remained unchanged ( = 0.8, P = 0.37). There was no change in the percentage of subjects testing IA-2A positive after the first year ( = 0.1, P = 0.75). However, the mean index decreased 0.04 per year (95% CI: 0.03–0.05)—a 7.9% decline (95% CI: 5.4–10.4%). The odds of a subject testing positive for ICA decreased by 24% per year (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.70–0.82). The mean ICA levels decreased 0.75 per year (95% CI: 0.66–0.84)—a 16.4% decline (95% CI: 14.1–18.6%). The rate of change in titres for all three autoantibodies was independent of gender, human leucocyte antigen genotype and C-peptide status. Conclusions GADA levels remained high while ICA levels declined. In contrast to a previous study, we found that the proportion of IA-2A subjects remaining positive did not decrease after the first year, while the average index decreased slightly.
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- Verheyen, Kris, et al.
(författare)
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201 Combining Biodiversity Resurveys across Regions to Advance Global Change Research
- 2017
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 67:1, s. 73-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More and more ecologists have started to resurvey communities sampled in earlier decades to determine long-term shifts in community composition and infer the likely drivers of the ecological changes observed. However, to assess the relative importance of and interactions among multiple drivers, joint analyses of resurvey data from many regions spanning large environmental gradients are needed. In this article, we illustrate how combining resurvey data from multiple regions can increase the likelihood of driver orthogonality within the design and show that repeatedly surveying across multiple regions provides higher representativeness and comprehensiveness, allowing us to answer more completely a broader range of questions. We provide general guidelines to aid the implementation of multiregion resurvey databases. In so doing, we aim to encourage resurvey database development across other community types and biomes to advance global environmental change research.
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