| 1. |
- Antonopoulos (Kvist), Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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Anterior tibial translation related to isokinetic concentric quadriceps torques
- 1996
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Ingår i: Isokinetics and exercise science. - 0959-3020 .- 1878-5913. ; 6:2, s. 145-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sagittal translation of the tibia was examined in a static test with 90 N force at 20°of knee flexion and dynamically during knee extension in a Biodex machine using increasing quadriceps torque in six healthy volunteers. The translation increased in a non-linear fashion with increasing torque. Similar relative increases in quadriceps torque caused similar relative increases in translation in the different individuals. The dynamic translation at the individual maximum quadriceps torque was equal to the static 90-N translation. There was a negative correlation between the maximum quadriceps torque and the static 90-N translation. The results indicate that the quadriceps torque is related to the amount of translation in the knee joint possibly by some feed back mechanism from the ligaments preventing abnormal translation. The findings also imply that a limitation of quadriceps torque around 80% of maximum would limit the strain in an injured ligament to a level not higher than what is caused by normal laxity measurements.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gillquist, Jan
(författare)
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Clinical experience versus scientific evaluation : A biased opinion?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Sports medicine and arthroscopy review. - 1062-8592 .- 1538-1951. ; 10:3, s. 178-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the characteristics. of the scientific method and examine its effect on clinical facts. Because the scientific technique involves both reduction of facts (details) and generalization, it results in dangerous deformations of the clinical situation. Statistical methods used indiscriminately, as in many contemporary scientific papers, result in many false alarms and invalid therapies. Because of these limitations, the scientific method is not suitable for analysis of the true therapeutic situation, but can be used to gather biologic background facts necessary for the interpretation of observations made in the therapeutic situation. It is pointed out that clinical:experience is an ability to listen and observe that goes beyond science.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kvist, Joanna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Anterior positioning of tibia during motion after anterior cruciate ligament injury
- 2001
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 33:7, s. 1063-1072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the sagittal tibial translation and EMG activity of muscles v. medialis and lateralis, gastrocnemius, and hamstrings, during common locomotion, in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (ACL-def) and uninjured controls.METHODS: In 12 ACL-def patients and 17 controls, sagittal tibial translation was registered with the CA-4000 electrogoniometer during level walking, cutting, and stair walking. Tibial position at each flexion angle was expressed relative to the femuro-tibial position at passive knee extension. EMG activity, measured with ME-4000, was normalized to the individual maximum isometric voluntary contraction for each muscle.RESULTS: During the weight-bearing phase of motion, the tibia was anteriorly positioned in all legs. In the injured leg, the tibia translated more rapidly to an anterior position that was maintained for a longer time during the gait cycle. In the noninjured knees, motions with increased load lead to an increased anterior tibial translation in contrast to the injured knees, where the maximum displacement was already reached during level walking. The quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles were simultaneously active during stance phase. Hamstrings were mainly active when the knee was close to extension and translation increased in spite of this activity.CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of the anterior positioning of tibia is qualitatively similar in the normal and the injured knee, but that position is obtained much further forward in the ACL deficient knee. Quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles seem to work synergistically to stabilize the knee by maintaining the anterior position of tibia during weight-bearing motion. The role of hamstrings to restrict anterior translation is questioned.
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| 7. |
- Kvist, Joanna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Anterior tibial translation during different isokinetic quadriceps torque in anterior cruciate ligament deficient and nonimpaired individuals
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 31:1, s. 4-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design: Factorial quasi-experimental design.Objectives: To quantify the effect of different levels of isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee extensor torques on the anterior tibial translation in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. Electromyogram (EMG) activity of 4 leg muscles was recorded in order to detect any co-activation of extensors and flexors.Background: The rehabilitation after an ACL injury is of importance for the functional outcome of the patient. In order to construct a rehabilitation program after that injury, it is important to understand the in vivo relationships between muscle force and tibial translation.Methods and Measures: Twelve patients with unilateral ACL injury and 11 uninjured volunteers performed 36 repetitions of a quadriceps contraction at different isokinetic concentric and eccentric torque levels, on a KinCom machine (60°•s-1), with simultaneous recordings of tibial translation (CA-4000) and EMG activity from quadriceps and hamstrings muscles. Tibial translations and EMG levels were normalized to the maximum of each subject.Results: The individual anterior tibial translation increased with increased quadriceps torque in a similar manner in both quadriceps contraction modes in all legs tested. During concentric mode, translation was similar in all groups, but during eccentric mode, the mean translation was 38% larger in the ACL injured knees. No quadriceps-hamstrings co-activation occurred in any test or group.Conclusions: An ACL deficient knee can limit the translation within a normal space during concentric muscle activity but not during eccentric activity. That limitation depends on other mechanisms than hamstrings co-activation.
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| 8. |
- Kvist, Joanna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Anterior tibial translation during eccentric, isokinetic quadriceps work in healthy subjects
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 9:4, s. 189-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of increasing isokinetic, eccentric quadriceps torques on sagittal translation of the tibia was examined in six healthy volunteers and compared to the translation at 20° of knee flexion during a drawer test with 90 N force. The tibial translation increased in a linear fashion with a mean of 0.5 mm per 20% torque increase. In 20° of knee flexion, 10% of eccentric quadriceps peak torque consumed 80% of the anterior tibial translation induced by the 90 N Lachman test while eccentric quadriceps peak torque utilized 100% of the translation at the same test. The in vivo relation between muscle force and tibial translation is of importance in the treatment of patients with injury to the cruciate ligaments. The results indicate that an already low eccentric quadriceps torque causes a tibial translation that reaches the limit of the passive knee joint displacement where strain is assumed to develop in the anterior cruciate ligament. Already low eccentric quadriceps torque levels may therefore be harmful during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament surgery.
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| 9. |
- Kvist, Joanna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Sagittal Plane Knee Translation and Electromyographic Activity During Closed and Open Kinetic Chain Exercises in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Patients and Control Subjects
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 29:1, s. 72-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using electrogoniometry and electromyography, we measured tibial translation and muscle activation in 12 patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury and in 12 control subjects. Measurements were made during an active extension exercise with 0-, 4-, and 8-kg weights and during squats on two legs and on one leg where the projection of the center of gravity was placed over, behind, and in front the feet. In the uninjured subjects, tibial translation increased with increasing load except during the squat with the center of gravity behind the feet, which produced the smallest translation. For the active extension exercises, translation was greater during eccentric activity. In the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees, all squats resulted in similar translation, which was smaller than that during the active extension exercise. The highest muscle activation was seen during squats. Hamstring muscle activity was low. Increased static laxity in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee can be controlled during closed but not during open kinetic chain exercises. Coactivation of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles seems to be important for knee stability, whereas hamstring muscle coactivation was insignificant. To minimize sagittal translation during nonoperative management of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees, closed kinetic chain exercises are preferable to open kinetic chain exercises, and importance should be attached to the spontaneous coactivation of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Messner, Karola, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage mechanics and morphology, synovitis and proteoglycan fragments in rabbit joint fluid after prosthetic meniscal substitution
- 1993
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - 0142-9612. ; 14:3, s. 163-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of meniscal substitution with a Dacron® or Teflon® prosthesis on rabbit knee-joint cartilage were studied by indentation tests, gross and histological inspection, analysis of proteoglycan fragments in joint fluid and an evaluation of synovial changes. Cartilage mechanics and cartilage morphology were similarly abnormal after meniscectomy and meniscal substitution. The elevated concentrations of proteoglycan fragments in joint fluid and the more severe synovial changes in joints with a meniscal substitute, as compared to meniscectomy, probably resulted from irritation of the artificial implant, but also reflected the remaining effects from the necessary bone drilling. In this short-term experiment, the use of an artificial meniscal substitute could not prevent cartilage degeneration after meniscectomy.
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| 18. |
- Messner, Karola, et al.
(författare)
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Proteoglycan fragments in rabbit joint fluid correlated to arthrosis stage
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 0001-6470. ; 64:3, s. 312-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteoglycan fragment concentrations in joint fluid of rabbit knees with various degrees of secondary arthrosis after meniscal resection, meniscal substitution, and anterior cruciate ligament transection, were related to the gross appearance of the articular cartilage. Knees with normal cartilage were distinguishable by the concentration of proteoglycan fragments in joint fluid from knees with arthrosis. We found a correlation (r 0.61) between increasing arthrosis and increasing concentrations of proteoglycan fragments.
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| 19. |
- Messner, Karola, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Rat model of Achilles tendinitis
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Anatomica. - 0001-5180 .- 1421-9654. ; 165, s. 30-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Odensten, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Knee function and muscle strength following distal ileotibial band transfer for antero-lateral rotatory instability
- 1983
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-6470. ; 54:6, s. 924-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a prospective study, 60 consecutive patients underwent a distal iliotibial band transfer for anterolateral knee instability. Knee function was evaluated with a score system, static stability tests and a standardized test including thigh muscle measurements, a one-leg-jump-test and a figure-of-8 running test. At the 40-month follow-up there was a significant increase in the mean knee score. The quadriceps in the treated leg was significantly weaker than in the non-operated leg, and the quadriceps strength was significantly correlated to the knee score. The functional outcome after operation was generally unsatisfactory. Few patients attained normal values in all tests, primarily because of poor restoration of stability.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Rockborn, P., et al.
(författare)
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Arthroscopic meniscectomy : Treatment costs and postoperative function in a historical perspective
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - 0001-6470. ; 71:5, s. 455-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report short-term data from 82 consecutive patients with arthroscopic meniscectomy 1995-1998 in stable knees and without severe cartilage changes. All patients were treated as outpatients, the operating time was, on average, 23 SD12 minutes and 3 of 4 patients were back at work within 1 week. Almost half of the patients still had some knee problems 3 months after surgery, but thereafter a substantial improvement was seen. We also report original data from a consecutive series of patients having arthroscopic meniscectomy 1980-81. In that series, the frequency of total meniscectomies was higher, the operating time longer, but the time to recovery was shorter than in 1995-98. In contrast to 1995-98, most of the patients in 1980-81 were followed by the doctor and had supervised rehabilitation. However, sick leave was similar in the two series. The total costs for an arthroscopic meniscectomy in 1998 was less than half the costs in 1980-81. We conclude that the improved technique for arthroscopic meniscectomy during the last 15-20 years and less supervised rehabilitation have reduced the costs, but not the recovery time.
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| 24. |
- Rockborn, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Long Term Results After Arthroscopic Meniscectomy : The Role of Preexisting Cartilage Fibrillation in a 13 Year Follow-Up of 60 Patients
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 17:8, s. 608-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty patients with stable knees and arthroscopic menisectomy were matched into two groups according to the presence of early degenerative changes at the operation. Patients with severe cartilage changes were excluded. The patients were between 20 and 40 years of age at the operation and no patient had previous surgery on the involved knee. The intraarticular findings were documented at surgery and the patients were re-examined 12 to 15 years after the meniscectomy. Pre-existing cartilage fibrillation at the meniscectomy did not seem to influence the long-term results. At the follow-up no difference was found between the groups at the physical examination, in subjective complaints, in knee function and activity or in radio-graphic findings. In the total group 62 % had early signs of arthrosis (Fairbank changes) and 42 % narrowing of the joint space (Ahlback grade 1-2) in the operated knee. No one had more severe changes. Radiographic signs of arthrosis were 4 times commoner in the operated knee compared to the non-operated kne after partial meniscectomy and 7 times commoner in the operated knee after subtotal meniscectomy. Arthrosis at the follow-up was seen three times more often in patients older than 30 years of age at surgery than in younger patients. The functional outcome was good and 70 % were still active in sports compared to 90 % before the operation.
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| 25. |
- Rockborn, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of arthroscopic meniscectomy : A 13-year physical and radiographic follow-up of 43 patients under 23 years of age
- 1995
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682 .- 0001-6470. ; 66:2, s. 113-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reexamined 43 patients with stable knees at a mean of 13 years after arthroscopic meniscectomy. The patients had a maximum age of 22 years at the operation and no patient had had previous surgery on the involved knee. At the follow-up examination, no differences in range of motion, muscle strength or tibial A/P displacement were seen between the operated and the nonoperated knees and 36 patients had no problem with their knee in daily life. Radiographic changes were found in the operated knee in 20 patients and in the nonoperated knee in 5 patients. 8 patients had a reduction of the joint space on the involved side, but none had more severe changes. Cartilage fibrillation at the index arthroscopy did not increase the radiographic changes at follow-up, but radiographic changes were commoner after subtotal meniscectomy (7/8) than after partial meniscectomy (17/35). These findings are similar to previous studies of arthroscopic meniscectomy of medium duration and do not differ considerably from studies of open meniscectomy.
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| 26. |
- Rockborn, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Results of open meniscus repair : Long-term follow-up study with a matched uninjured control group
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. - 0301-620X .- 2044-5377. ; 82-B:4, s. 494-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have followed for 13 years a consecutive series of 31 patients who had open repair of a torn meniscus. They were between 13 and 43 years of age at the time of operation and all had intact stabilising ligaments. Comparison was made with a matched group of normal subjects of similar age and level of activity.The total rate of failure after meniscal repair was 29%; three of the repaired menisci did not heal and six reruptured during the follow-up period. At follow-up 80% of the patients had normal knee function for daily activities. Radiological changes were found in seven. Two had reduction of the joint space (Ahlbäck grade 1), one with successful and one with failed repair. In the control group of uninjured subjects one knee showed Fairbank changes but none had changes according to Ahlbäck. The incidence of radiological changes did not differ between the group with meniscal repair and the control group but knee function was reduced after meniscal repair (p < 0.001).We conclude that the long-term results of meniscal repair in stable knees are good with nearly normal function and a low incidence of low-grade radiological changes.
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| 27. |
- Rockborn, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Short term outcome of arthroscopic meniscectomy in stable knees 1980 and 1995
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Original data from 86 consecutive patients with arthroscopic meniscectomy 1980-81 was compared to similar data from 82 consecutive patients operated on 1995-1998. All knees were stable and without severe cartilage changes. In 1980 a follow-up examination was performed 10 (6-17) months after surgery and 1995 the patients answered two questionnaires 3 and/or more than 12 months after surgery. Age, sex and activity level before injury did not differ between the series and the distribution of meniscus tear types was similar.In 1995 all patients were treated as outpatients while one third of the patients remained in hospital for 1-3 days in 1980. The operating time was shorter and the frequency of subtotal meniscectomy was less in 1995. Sick leave did not differ between the series and 2 out of 3 patients were back at work within one week. In 1995 almost half of the patients still had some knee problems 3 months after surgery but thereafter a substantial improvement was seen. The time to recovery was longer 1995 than in 1980. At the final follow-up the activity level and frequency of complete recovery did not differ between the series.We conclude that the improved technique for arthroscopic meniscectomy during the last 15 to 20 years and less supervised rehabilitation has decreased the costs and freed resources for other patients. However, with the simplified rehabilitation, the previous opinion of a very fast recovery after arthroscopic meniscectomy has to be reevaluated.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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A performance test to monitor rehabilitation and evaluate anterior cruciate ligament injuries
- 1986
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 14:2, s. 156-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A performance test simulating components of sports was devised to evaluate dysfunction after ACL injury. The test included a one-leg hop, running in a figure of eight (straight running and turn running measured separately), running up and down a spiral staircase, and running up and down a slope. Twenty-six men with ACL injury, most of them soccer players, and 66 uninjured male soccer players were studied. Patients with ACL injury performed significantly less well than the uninjured players. Test items of special interest were turn running in the figure of eight, stair running, and slope running, all of which place high demand on the knee. It is concluded that a performance test of this design is useful for monitoring rehabilitation and for evaluating the patient's condition. Before sports can be resumed at the original level, normal strength and normal performance should be regained.
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| 30. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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A test for evaluation of knee function
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - 0001-6470. ; 55:1, s. 111-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of cruciate ligament injuries : A review
- 1988
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-6470. ; 59:3, s. 336-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A good system for evaluating the degree of impairment, disability, and handicap of the patient with a cruciate ligament injury includes functional score, activity grading, stability testing, and measurements of performance and strength, all of which are relevant to different aspects of knee function. The symptom-related knee score gives a more differentiated picture of the disability than does a binomial rating of symptoms. A way of grading the disability in an objective way is to use a performance test. This test could also be used for monitoring rehabilitation before full activity has been resumed. The activity grading scale is very useful for grading the handicap
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| 33. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of knee ligament injuries
- 1988
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Ingår i: Surgery and arthroscopy of the knee. - Berlin : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 0387179828 ; , s. 123-129
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthening exercises for old cruciate ligament tears
- 1986
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-6470. ; 57:2, s. 130-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty-three consecutive patients with troublesome old cruciate ligament lesions underwent a 3-month thigh and calf muscle training program. Before training, the diagnosis was established by arthroscopy and clinical examination under anesthesia. Significant improvement in strength, performance, knee score, and activity level took place; the majority were improved and declined surgery. A period of strength training is recommended before the decision to undertake surgery for cruciate ligament injury.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of a strength training program on the functional performance of patients with cruciate ligament injury
- 1986
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Ingår i: Surgery and arthroscopy of the knee. - Berlin : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 3540162747 - 0387162747 ; , s. 373-378
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of old cruciate injuries is aimed at elimination of functional instability, for example, the giving way of the knee. The feeling of giving way is the major feature of the disability that follows anterior cruciate injury. There are two approaches to treatment. One is to eliminate the static instability by means of extra- or intra-articular reconstruction. The other is to train compensatory functions such as muscle strength. Very little is known about the effect of a strength training programme not aimed at eliminating static instability in the affected knee. Many surgeons maintain that strength training is effective in some patients, but few have presented any substantial evidence. Noyes and associates recently showed that about 30% of patients with anterior cruciate injury will respond favourably to a rehabilitation programme and modification of activity.
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| 40. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of derotation braces on knee motion
- 1988
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-6470. ; 59:3, s. 284-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four different types of derotation braces and an elastic knee support were tested on ice-hockey players. The elastic support did not noticeably affect rotation and abduction-adduction of the knee. All four braces reduced rotation and abduction-adduction in test actions simulating sports situations. Flexion-extension was slightly affected by two of the individually made braces in one action. Running a figure eight was slower with two of the individually made braces. The best braces, one individually made and one ready-made, limited rotation and abduction-adduction effectively, but did not affect performance. Minor differences in design may account for differences in effect and may alter the protection afforded by a brace.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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Two-year follow-up of conservative treatment of knee ligament injuries
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-6470. ; 55:2, s. 176-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixteen patients with old knee ligament injuries and symptoms of instability or pain were treated with a 3-month thigh muscle strength training program. Nine patients had a tear of the anterior and six patients a tear of the posterior cruciate ligament. One patient had a tear of both cruciates. Knee function was determined with a knee scoring scale, and thigh muscle strength with a Cybex-II dynamometer before training, after 1 and 3 months of training, and at a late follow-up after 2 years. Ten patients who increased their quadriceps strength by more than 15 per cent increased their score over 30 per cent. Three patients who showed a minor increase in strength did not increase their score significantly. Three patients did not increase their strength at all. All of these admitted a reluctance to train. Four patients, all with anterior cruciate ligament tears, were operated on after the 3-month training period. All four patients increased their strength. Two of them increased their functional score also, but they strove for a very high activity level and were therefore operated on. The other two patients had no symptomatic relief and were therefore also operated on. Improvements in muscle strength and knee function were unchanged at the 2-year follow up. Before planning a knee ligament reconstruction, a period of strength training is recommended.
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| 43. |
- Vergis, Anil, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Fluoroscopic validation of electrogoniometrically measured femorotibial translation in healthy and ACL deficient subjects
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 12:4, s. 223-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Equipment which measure femorotibial motions indirectly by using a patellar pad are reported to have errors caused by deformation of soft tissues and slippage of the device. For the purpose of validation, the tibial translation in relation to the femur per degree of knee extension was estimated from the slope coefficients of the flexion-displacement curve, obtained by both fluoroscopic and electrogoniometric tests, in the knee of the dominant limb in healthy subjects and in both knees of patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. In addition, the anterior and posterior static knee laxity limits and the tibial resting position were evaluated. Within all knee groups, the tibia moved posteriorly in relation to the femur during extension. The measured movement was similar both with the electrogoniometer and with fluoroscopy thereby indicating that sagittal plane knee translation measurements with the CA-4000 electrogoniometer are reliable and in good agreement with the X-ray measurements, even though the measurements were made separately. The ACL injured knees showed approximately 20% smaller posterior movement of tibia in relation to femur per degree change of knee extension than the non-injured or control knees (p < 0.05) and a more anterior resting position of the tibia relative to femur as compared to the contralateral healthy knee during knee laxity testing (p = 0.002).
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| 44. |
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