SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Giordano Giuseppe) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Giordano Giuseppe)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 56
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  •  
2.
  • Telloni, Daniele, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the Solar Wind from Its Source on the Corona into the Inner Heliosphere during the First Solar Orbiter-Parker Solar Probe Quadrature
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 920:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This Letter addresses the first Solar Orbiter (SO)-Parker Solar Probe (PSP) quadrature, occurring on 2021 January 18 to investigate the evolution of solar wind from the extended corona to the inner heliosphere. Assuming ballistic propagation, the same plasma volume observed remotely in the corona at altitudes between 3.5 and 6.3 solar radii above the solar limb with the Metis coronagraph on SO can be tracked to PSP, orbiting at 0.1 au, thus allowing the local properties of the solar wind to be linked to the coronal source region from where it originated. Thanks to the close approach of PSP to the Sun and the simultaneous Metis observation of the solar corona, the flow-aligned magnetic field and the bulk kinetic energy flux density can be empirically inferred along the coronal current sheet with an unprecedented accuracy, allowing in particular estimation of the Alfven radius at 8.7 solar radii during the time of this event. This is thus the very first study of the same solar wind plasma as it expands from the sub-Alfvenic solar corona to just above the Alfven surface.
  •  
3.
  • Telloni, Daniele, et al. (författare)
  • Linking Small-scale Solar Wind Properties with Large-scale Coronal Source Regions through Joint Parker Solar Probe-Metis/Solar Orbiter Observations
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 935:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The solar wind measured in situ by Parker Solar Probe in the very inner heliosphere is studied in combination with the remote-sensing observation of the coronal source region provided by the METIS coronagraph aboard Solar Orbiter. The coronal outflows observed near the ecliptic by Metis on 2021 January 17 at 16:30 UT, between 3.5 and 6.3 R (circle dot) above the eastern solar limb, can be associated with the streams sampled by PSP at 0.11 and 0.26 au from the Sun, in two time intervals almost 5 days apart. The two plasma flows come from two distinct source regions, characterized by different magnetic field polarity and intensity at the coronal base. It follows that both the global and local properties of the two streams are different. Specifically, the solar wind emanating from the stronger magnetic field region has a lower bulk flux density, as expected, and is in a state of well-developed Alfvenic turbulence, with low intermittency. This is interpreted in terms of slab turbulence in the context of nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. Conversely, the highly intermittent and poorly developed turbulent behavior of the solar wind from the weaker magnetic field region is presumably due to large magnetic deflections most likely attributed to the presence of switchbacks of interchange reconnection origin.
  •  
4.
  • 2019
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
  •  
5.
  • Fairbrother, Malcolm, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Can Bureaucrats Break Trust? : testing Cultural and Institutional Theories of Trust with Chinese Panel Data
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : Sage Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • What is the relationship between trust and the quality of political institutions in a society? According to an influential cultural perspective, social trust—the belief that most people can be trusted—is a value inculcated during individuals’ formative years, and remains fixed afterward. A second perspective holds that social trust reflects experiences throughout the life course, particularly interactions with public institutions and officials. The authors test these cultural and institutional theories using data from three waves of the China Family Panel Studies, assessing how political and social trust respond to treatment by public officials that respondents consider unfair. The authors find that such experiences, which they show in many cases likely meant being a victim of corruption, are associated with declines in trust. Yet the effects are short lived: within two years both types of trust revert to their original levels. These results therefore provide mixed support for both theories and suggest a reconciliation between them.
  •  
6.
  • Mewes, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Experiences matter : A longitudinal study of individual-level sources of declining social trust in the United States
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Social Science Research. - : Elsevier. - 0049-089X .- 1096-0317. ; 95
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The US has experienced a substantial decline in social trust in recent decades. Surprisingly few studies analyze whether individual-level explanations can account for this decrease. We use three-wave panel data from the General Social Survey (2006–2014) to study the effects of four possible individual-level sources of changes in social trust: job loss, social ties, income, and confidence in political institutions. Findings from fixed-effects linear regression models suggest that all but social ties matter. We then use 1973–2018 GSS data to predict trust based on observed values for unemployment, confidence in institutions, and satisfaction with income, versus an alternative counterfactual scenario in which the values of those three predictors are held constant at their mean levels in the early 1970s. Predicted values from these two scenarios differ substantially, suggesting that decreasing confidence in institutions and increasing unemployment scarring may explain about half of the observed decline in US social trust.
  •  
7.
  • Wilman, H. R., et al. (författare)
  • Genetic studies of abdominal MRI data identify genes regulating hepcidin as major determinants of liver iron concentration
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 71:3, s. 594-602
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & Aims: Excess liver iron content is common and is linked to the risk of hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. We aimed to identify genetic variants influencing liver iron content and use genetics to understand its link to other traits and diseases. Methods: First, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 8,289 individuals from UK Biobank, whose liver iron level had been quantified by magnetic resonance imaging, before validating our findings in an independent cohort (n = 1,513 from IMI DIRECT). Second, we used Mendelian randomisation to test the causal effects of 25 predominantly metabolic traits on liver iron content. Third, we tested phenome-wide associations between liver iron variants and 770 traits and disease outcomes. Results: We identified 3 independent genetic variants (rs1800562 [C282Y] and rs1799945 [H63D] in HFE and rs855791 [V736A] in TMPRSS6) associated with liver iron content that reached the GWAS significance threshold (p <5 × 10−8). The 2 HFE variants account for ∼85% of all cases of hereditary haemochromatosis. Mendelian randomisation analysis provided evidence that higher central obesity plays a causal role in increased liver iron content. Phenome-wide association analysis demonstrated shared aetiopathogenic mechanisms for elevated liver iron, high blood pressure, cirrhosis, malignancies, neuropsychiatric and rheumatological conditions, while also highlighting inverse associations with anaemias, lipidaemias and ischaemic heart disease. Conclusion: Our study provides genetic evidence that mechanisms underlying higher liver iron content are likely systemic rather than organ specific, that higher central obesity is causally associated with higher liver iron, and that liver iron shares common aetiology with multiple metabolic and non-metabolic diseases. Lay summary: Excess liver iron content is common and is associated with liver diseases and metabolic diseases including diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. We identified 3 genetic variants that are linked to an increased risk of developing higher liver iron content. We show that the same genetic variants are linked to higher risk of many diseases, but they may also be associated with some health advantages. Finally, we use genetic variants associated with waist-to-hip ratio as a tool to show that central obesity is causally associated with increased liver iron content.
  •  
8.
  • Adams, Rachel, et al. (författare)
  • RHAPSODY, Biomarkers and Novel Clinical Trial design in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. - : Wiley. - 2398-9238. ; 4:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Developing a novel therapeutic product for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a long, resource-intensive process. Novel biomarkers could potentially aid clinical trial design by shortening clinical trials or enabling better prediction of at-risk populations and/or disease progression. Novel clinical trial designs could lead to reduced costs of development and less burden to patients, due to shorter trial duration, and/or less burdensome assessments.
  •  
9.
  • Atabaki-Pasdar, Naeimeh, et al. (författare)
  • Inferring causal pathways between metabolic processes and liver fat accumulation: an IMI DIRECT study
  • 2021
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often co-occur. Defining causal pathways underlying this relationship may help optimize the prevention and treatment of both diseases. Thus, we assessed the strength and magnitude of the putative causal pathways linking dysglycemia and fatty liver, using a combination of causal inference methods.Measures of glycemia, insulin dynamics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived abdominal and liver fat content, serological biomarkers, lifestyle, and anthropometry were obtained in participants from the IMI DIRECT cohorts (n=795 with new onset T2D and 2234 individuals free from diabetes). UK Biobank (n=3641) was used for modelling and replication purposes. Bayesian networks were employed to infer causal pathways, with causal validation using two-sample Mendelian randomization.Bayesian networks fitted to IMI DIRECT data identified higher basal insulin secretion rate (BasalISR) and MRI-derived excess visceral fat (VAT) accumulation as the features of dysmetabolism most likely to cause liver fat accumulation; the unconditional probability of fatty liver (>5%) increased significantly when conditioning on high levels of BasalISR and VAT (by 23%, 32% respectively; 40% for both). Analyses in UK Biobank yielded comparable results. MR confirmed most causal pathways predicted by the Bayesian networks.Here, BasalISR had the highest causal effect on fatty liver predisposition, providing mechanistic evidence underpinning the established association of NAFLD and T2D. BasalISR may represent a pragmatic biomarker for NAFLD prediction in clinical practice.Competing Interest StatementHR is an employee and shareholder of Sanofi. MIM: The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. MIM has served on advisory panels for Pfizer, NovoNordisk and Zoe Global, has received honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, and research funding from Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Servier, and Takeda. As of June 2019, MIM is an employee of Genentech, and a holder of Roche stock. AM is a consultant for Lilly and has received research grants from several diabetes drug companies. PWF has received research grants from numerous diabetes drug companies and fess as consultant from Novo Nordisk, Lilly, and Zoe Global Ltd. He is currently the Scientific Director in Patient Care at the Novo Nordisk Foundation. Other authors declare non competing interests.Funding StatementThe work leading to this publication has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 115317 (DIRECT) resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution. NAP is supported in part by Henning och Johan Throne-Holsts Foundation, Hans Werthen Foundation, an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. HPM is supported by an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. AGJ is supported by an NIHR Clinician Scientist award (17/0005624). RK is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18OC0031650) as part of a postdoctoral fellowship, an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. AK, PM, HF, JF and GNG are supported by an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. TJM is funded by an NIHR clinical senior lecturer fellowship. S.Bru acknowledges support from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grants NNF17OC0027594 and NNF14CC0001). ATH is a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator and is also supported by the NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility. JMS acknowledges support from Science for Life Laboratory (Plasma Profiling Facility), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Human Protein Atlas) and Erling-Persson Foundation (KTH Centre for Precision Medicine). MIM is supported by the following grants; Wellcome (090532, 098381, 106130, 203141, 212259); NIH (U01-DK105535). PWF is supported by an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:Approval for the study protocol was obtained from each of the regional research ethics review boards separately (Lund, Sweden: 20130312105459927, Copenhagen, Denmark: H-1-2012-166 and H-1-2012-100, Amsterdam, Netherlands: NL40099.029.12, Newcastle, Dundee and Exeter, UK: 12/NE/0132), and all participants provided written informed consent at enrolment. The research conformed to the ethical principles for medical research involving human participants outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesAuthors agree to make data and materials supporting the results or analyses presented in their paper available upon reasonable request
  •  
10.
  • Bizzotto, Roberto, et al. (författare)
  • Processes Underlying Glycemic Deterioration in Type 2 Diabetes : An IMI DIRECT Study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 44:2, s. 511-518
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: We investigated the processes underlying glycemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 732 recently diagnosed patients with T2D from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI DIRECT) study were extensively phenotyped over 3 years, including measures of insulin sensitivity (OGIS), β-cell glucose sensitivity (GS), and insulin clearance (CLIm) from mixed meal tests, liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and baseline regional fat from MRI. The associations between the longitudinal metabolic patterns and HbA1c deterioration, adjusted for changes in BMI and in diabetes medications, were assessed via stepwise multivariable linear and logistic regression. RESULTS: Faster HbA1c progression was independently associated with faster deterioration of OGIS and GS and increasing CLIm; visceral or liver fat, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides had further independent, though weaker, roles (R2 = 0.38). A subgroup of patients with a markedly higher progression rate (fast progressors) was clearly distinguishable considering these variables only (discrimination capacity from area under the receiver operating characteristic = 0.94). The proportion of fast progressors was reduced from 56% to 8-10% in subgroups in which only one trait among OGIS, GS, and CLIm was relatively stable (odds ratios 0.07-0.09). T2D polygenic risk score and baseline pancreatic fat, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, diet, and physical activity did not show an independent role. CONCLUSIONS: Deteriorating insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, increasing insulin clearance, high visceral or liver fat, and worsening of the lipid profile are the crucial factors mediating glycemic deterioration of patients with T2D in the initial phase of the disease. Stabilization of a single trait among insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and insulin clearance may be relevant to prevent progression.
  •  
11.
  • Coral, Daniel E, et al. (författare)
  • A phenome-wide comparative analysis of genetic discordance between obesity and type 2 diabetes
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 5:2, s. 237-247
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Obesity and type 2 diabetes are causally related, yet there is considerable heterogeneity in the consequences of both conditions and the mechanisms of action are poorly defined. Here we show a genetic-driven approach defining two obesity profiles that convey highly concordant and discordant diabetogenic effects. We annotate and then compare association signals for these profiles across clinical and molecular phenotypic layers. Key differences are identified in a wide range of traits, including cardiovascular mortality, fat distribution, liver metabolism, blood pressure, specific lipid fractions and blood levels of proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. We find marginal differences in abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes bacteria in the gut. Instrumental analyses reveal prominent causal roles for waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure and cholesterol content of high-density lipoprotein particles in the development of diabetes in obesity. We prioritize 17 genes from the discordant signature that convey protection against type 2 diabetes in obesity, which may represent logical targets for precision medicine approaches.
  •  
12.
  • Delfin, Carl, et al. (författare)
  • A Federated Database for Obesity Research : An IMI-SOPHIA Study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Life. - 0024-3019. ; 14:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Obesity is considered by many as a lifestyle choice rather than a chronic progressive disease. The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) SOPHIA (Stratification of Obesity Phenotypes to Optimize Future Obesity Therapy) project is part of a momentum shift aiming to provide better tools for the stratification of people with obesity according to disease risk and treatment response. One of the challenges to achieving these goals is that many clinical cohorts are siloed, limiting the potential of combined data for biomarker discovery. In SOPHIA, we have addressed this challenge by setting up a federated database building on open-source DataSHIELD technology. The database currently federates 16 cohorts that are accessible via a central gateway. The database is multi-modal, including research studies, clinical trials, and routine health data, and is accessed using the R statistical programming environment where statistical and machine learning analyses can be performed at a distance without any disclosure of patient-level data. We demonstrate the use of the database by providing a proof-of-concept analysis, performing a federated linear model of BMI and systolic blood pressure, pooling all data from 16 studies virtually without any analyst seeing individual patient-level data. This analysis provided similar point estimates compared to a meta-analysis of the 16 individual studies. Our approach provides a benchmark for reproducible, safe federated analyses across multiple study types provided by multiple stakeholders.
  •  
13.
  • Eriksen, Rebeca, et al. (författare)
  • Dietary metabolite profiling brings new insight into the relationship between nutrition and metabolic risk : An IMI DIRECT study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 58
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Dietary advice remains the cornerstone of prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, understanding the efficacy of dietary interventions is confounded by the challenges inherent in assessing free living diet. Here we profiled dietary metabolites to investigate glycaemic deterioration and cardiometabolic risk in people at risk of or living with T2D. Methods: We analysed data from plasma collected at baseline and 18-month follow-up in individuals from the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) cohort 1 n = 403 individuals with normal or impaired glucose regulation (prediabetic) and cohort 2 n = 458 individuals with new onset of T2D. A dietary metabolite profile model (Tpred) was constructed using multivariable regression of 113 plasma metabolites obtained from targeted metabolomics assays. The continuous Tpred score was used to explore the relationships between diet, glycaemic deterioration and cardio-metabolic risk via multiple linear regression models. Findings: A higher Tpred score was associated with healthier diets high in wholegrain (β=3.36 g, 95% CI 0.31, 6.40 and β=2.82 g, 95% CI 0.06, 5.57) and lower energy intake (β=-75.53 kcal, 95% CI -144.71, -2.35 and β=-122.51 kcal, 95% CI -186.56, -38.46), and saturated fat (β=-0.92 g, 95% CI -1.56, -0.28 and β=–0.98 g, 95% CI -1.53, -0.42 g), respectively for cohort 1 and 2. In both cohorts a higher Tpred score was also associated with lower total body adiposity and favourable lipid profiles HDL-cholesterol (β=0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03, 0.1), (β=0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04, 0.1), and triglycerides (β=-0.1 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.2, -0.03), (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.3, -0.09), respectively for cohort 1 and 2. In cohort 2, the Tpred score was negatively associated with liver fat (β=-0.74%, 95% CI -0.67, -0.81), and lower fasting concentrations of HbA1c (β=-0.9 mmol/mol, 95% CI -1.5, -0.1), glucose (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.4, -0.05) and insulin (β=-11.0 pmol/mol, 95% CI -19.5, -2.6). Longitudinal analysis showed at 18-month follow up a higher Tpred score was also associated lower total body adiposity in both cohorts and lower fasting glucose (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.3, -0.01) and insulin (β=-9.2 pmol/mol, 95% CI -17.9, -0.4) concentrations in cohort 2. Interpretation: Plasma dietary metabolite profiling provides objective measures of diet intake, showing a relationship to glycaemic deterioration and cardiometabolic health. Funding: This work was supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115,317 (DIRECT), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) and EFPIA companies.
  •  
14.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • A Time-Domain Fractional Approach for Wiener-Hammerstein Systems Identification
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 48:28, s. 1232-1237
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper describes a new approach to initialize Wiener-Hammerstein models for iterative prediction error minimization. The key idea is to parameterize the division of poles and zeros of the best linear approximation (BLA), between the two linear subsystems. Taylor expansion is used to handle the parameterization in the time-domain. Identifiability aspects are investigated on a low order example. Results regarding uniqueness of the estimation are proved. The initial estimate generated with this approach allows to avoid problems with local minima and the identification problem is solved performing only two iterative optimizations.
  •  
15.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • An improved method for Wiener–Hammerstein system identification based on the Fractional Approach
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Automatica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-1098. ; 94, s. 349-360
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper develops and analyses a novel method for identifying Wiener–Hammerstein models, i.e. models consisting of two linear dynamic parts with a static non-linearity in between. Starting from the best linear model, which is a consistent estimate of the system dynamics for Gaussian excitation, the identification problem includes the partitioning of the poles and zeros between the two linear parts. This partitioning can be formulated as a discrete optimization problem. The fractional approach considers a relaxation of this problem into a continuous one, by parameterizing the partition of each pole and zero in a fractional way, and carrying out the computations in the frequency domain. In this paper it is shown that the fractional approach becomes ill-conditioned for some configurations of the poles and zeros of the linear dynamic parts, causing identifiability issues. A modification of the original fractional approach is then introduced, based on series expansion of the fractional transfer functions. This modification shares most of the properties of the fractional approach. However, it is shown that it provides an implicit regularization of the identification problem. It addresses the ill-conditioning problem while preserving meaningful statistical properties of the estimation. Furthermore, a lifted formulation of the estimation problem is proposed, which improves the algorithmic performance in the framework of Newton-based methods.
  •  
16.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Black- and white-box approaches for cascaded tanks benchmark system identification
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-3270 .- 1096-1216. ; 108, s. 387-397
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This contribution consists of the identification and comparison of different models for a non-linear system: the Cascaded Tanks system. The identification of this system is challenging due to the combination of soft and hard non-linearities. Model structures with different levels of flexibility and prior knowledge are compared. The most simple ones are linear black-box models. They are extended to become non-linear black-box models, whose performances are compared with the linear ones. A second track is the investigation of a series of models with increasing complexity based on physical prior knowledge. Results show that while linear black-box models perform good in prediction, a fairly precise description of the non-linear effects is needed to achieve good performances in simulation. All models have been estimated and validated using benchmark data from a real cascaded tanks system. The contribution represents also an overview on how standard modelling techniques perform on a real identification problem.
  •  
17.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Consistency aspects of Wiener-Hammerstein model identification in presence of process noise
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2016. - 9781509018376 ; , s. Art no 7798724, Pages 3042-3047
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Wiener-Hammerstein model is a block-oriented model consisting of two linear blocks and a static nonlinearity in the middle. Several identification approaches for this model structure rely on the fact that the best linear approximation of the system is a consistent estimate of the two linear parts, under the hypothesis of Gaussian excitation. But, these approaches do not consider the presence of other disturbance sources than measurement noise. In this paper we consider the presence of a disturbance entering before the nonlinearity (process noise) and we show that, also in this case, the best linear approximation is a consistent estimate of underlying linear dynamics. Furthermore, we analyse the impact of the process noise on the nonlinearity estimation, showing that a standard prediction error method approach can lead to biased results.
  •  
18.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe, 1985 (författare)
  • Inference techniques for stochastic nonlinear system identification with application to the Wiener-Hammerstein models
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Stochastic nonlinear systems are a specific class of nonlinear systems where unknown disturbances affect the system's output through a nonlinear transformation. In general, the identification of parametric models for this kind of systems can be very challenging. A main statistical inference technique for parameter estimation is the Maximum Likelihood estimator. The central object of this technique is the likelihood function, i.e. a mathematical expression describing the probability of obtaining certain observations for given values of the parameter. For many stochastic nonlinear systems, however, the likelihood function is not available in closed-form. Several methods have been developed to obtain approximate solutions to the Maximum Likelihood problem, mainly based on the Monte Carlo method. However, one of the main difficulties of these methods is that they can be computationally expensive, especially when they are combined with numerical optimization techniques for likelihood maximisation. This thesis can be divided in three parts. In the first part, a background on the main statistical techniques for parameter estimation is presented. In particular, two iterative methods for finding the Maximum Likelihood estimator are introduced. They are the gradient-based and the Expectation-Maximisation algorithms. In the second part, the main Monte Carlo methods for approximating the Maximum Likelihood problem are analysed. Their combinations with gradient-based and Expectation-Maximisation algorithms is considered. For ensuring convergence, these algorithms require the use of enormous Monte Carlo effort, i.e. the number of random samples used to build the Monte Carlo estimates. In order to reduce this effort and make the algorithms usable in practice, iterative solutions solutions alternating \emph{local} Monte Carlo approximations and maximisation steps are derived. In particular, a procedure implementing an efficient samples simulation across the steps of a Newton's method is developed. The procedure is based on the sensitivity of the parameter search with respect to the Monte Carlo samples and it results into an accurate and fast algorithm for solving the MLE problem. The considered Maximum Likelihood estimation methods proceed through local explorations of the parameter space. Hence, they have guaranteed convergence only to a local optimizer of the likelihood function. In the third part of the thesis, this issue is addressed by deriving initialization algorithms. The purpose is to generate initial guesses that increase the chances of converging to the global maximum. In particular, initialization algorithms are derived for the Wiener-Hammerstein model, i.e. a nonlinear model where a static nonlinearity is sandwiched between two linear parts. For this type of model, it can be proved that the best linear approximation of the system provides a consistent estimates of the two linear parts. This estimate is then used to initialize a Maximum Likelihood Estimation problem in all model parameters.
  •  
19.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Maximum Likelihood identification of Wiener-Hammerstein system with process noise
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 51:15, s. 401-406
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Wiener-Hammerstein model is a block-oriented model consisting of two linear blocks and a static nonlinearity in the middle. We address the identification problem of this model, when a disturbance affects the input of the non-linearity, i.e. process noise. For this case, a Maximum Likelihood estimator is derived, which delivers a consistent estimate of the model parameters. In the presence of process noise, in fact, a standard Prediction Error Method normally leads to biased results. The Maximum Likelihood estimate is then used together with the Best Linear Approximation of the system, in order to implement a complete identification scheme when the parametrization of the linear blocks is not known a priori. The computation of the likelihood function requires numerical integration, which is solved by Monte Carlo and Metropolis-Hastings techniques. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the identification scheme.
  •  
20.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Model-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Resistance Estimation From Electric Vehicle Operating Data
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 67:5, s. 3720-3728
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • State-of-health estimates of batteries are essential for onboard electric vehicles in order to provide safe, reliable, and cost-effective battery operation. This paper suggests a method to estimate the 10-s discharge resistance, which is an established battery figure of merit from laboratory testing, without performing the laboratory test. Instead, a state-of-health estimate of batteries is obtained using data directly from their operational use, e.g., onboard electric vehicles. It is shown that simple dynamical battery models, based on a current input and a voltage output, with model parameters dependent on temperature and state of charge, can be derived using AutoRegressive with eXogenous input models, whose order can be adjusted to describe the complex battery behavior. Then, the 10-s discharge resistance can be conveniently computed from the identified model parameters. Moreover, the uncertainty of the estimated resistance values is provided by the method. The suggested method is validated with usage data from emulated electric vehicle operation of an automotive lithium-ion battery cell. The resistance values are estimated accurately for a state-of-charge and temperature range spanning typical electric vehicle operating conditions. The identification of the model parameters and the resistance computation are very fast, rendering the method suitable for onboard application.
  •  
21.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • Age, period and cohort trends in drug abuse hospitalizations within the total Swedish population (1975-2010).
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 134:Jan 1, s. 355-361
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The societal consequences of drug abuse (DA) are severe and well documented, the World Health Organization recommending tracking of population trends for effective policy responses in treatment of DA and delivery of health care services. However, to correctly identify possible sources of DA change, one must first disentangle three different time-related influences on the need for treatment due to DA: age effects, period effects and cohort effects.
  •  
22.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • Social capital and change in psychological health over time.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 72, s. 1219-1227
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The positive association between social capital and general health outcomes has been extensively researched over the past decade; however, studies investigating social capital and psychological health show less consistent results. Despite this, policy-makers worldwide still employ elements of social capital to promote and improve psychological health. This United Kingdom study investigates the association between changes in psychological health over time and three different individual-level proxies of social capital, measures of socio-economic status, social support and the confounders age and gender. All data are derived from the British Household Panel Survey data, with the same individuals (N = 7994) providing responses from 2000-2007. The data were split according to baseline psychological health status ('Good' or 'Poor' psychological health - the dependent variable). Using Generalised Estimating Equations, two separate models were built to investigate the association between changes from baseline psychological health over time and considered variables. An autoregressive working correlation structure was employed to derive the true influence of explanatory variables on psychological health outcomes over time. We found that generalised trust was the only social capital variable to maintain a positive and highly significant association with psychological health in multivariable models. All measures of socioeconomic status and social support were rendered insignificant, bar one. We therefore argue that the breakdown of the traditional family unit (and subsequent reduction in family capital investment), along with psychosocial pathways, demonstrate plausible mechanisms by which a decrease in generalised trust could lead to an increasing trend of worse psychological health in youth over successive birth cohorts. Policy makers, while providing welfare solutions in response to breakdown in traditional family structure, must also consider perverse incentives they provide. If perceived as a viable lifestyle choice, welfare provision could inadvertently promote further decline of trust, at even greater cost to society.
  •  
23.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • Social capital and health-Purely a question of context?
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Health and Place. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2054 .- 1353-8292. ; 17, s. 946-953
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Debate still surrounds which level of analysis (individual vs. contextual) is most appropriate to investigate the effects of social capital on health. Applying multilevel ecometric analyses to British Household Panel Survey data, we estimated fixed and random effects between five individual-, household- and small area-level social capital indicators and general health. We further compared the variance in health attributable to each level using intraclass correlations. Our results demonstrate that association between social capital and health depends on indicator type and level investigated, with one quarter of total individual-level health variance found at the household level. However, individual-level social capital variables and other health determinants appear to influence contextual-level variance the most.
  •  
24.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • Social capital and self-rated health – a study of temporal (causal) relationships
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 75:2, s. 340-348
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite the vast amount of research over the past fifteen years, there is still lively debate surrounding the role of social capital on individual health outcomes. This seems to stem from a lack of consistency regarding the definition, measurement and plausible theories linking this contextual phenomenon to health. We have further identified a knowledge gap within this field - a distinct lack of research investigating temporal relationships between social capital and health outcomes. To remedy this shortfall, we use four waves of the British Household Panel Survey to follow the same individuals (N = 8114) between years 2000 and 2007. We investigate temporal relationships and association between our outcome variable self-rated health (SRH) and time-lagged explanatory variables, including three individual-level social capital proxies and other well-known health determinants. Our results suggest that levels of the social capital proxy ‘generalised trust’ at time point (t-1) are positively associated with SRH at subsequent time point (t), even after taking into consideration levels of other well-known health determinants (such as smoking status) at time point (t-1). That we investigate temporal relationships at four separate occasions over the seven year period lends considerable weight to our results and the argument that generalised trust is an independent predictor of individual health. However, lack of consensus across a variety of disciplines as to what generalised trust is believed to measure creates ambiguity when attempting to identify possible pathways from higher trust to better health.
  •  
25.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola (författare)
  • Social Capital and Self-rated Health: testing association with longitudinal and multilevel methodologies
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Since Durkheim’s seminal work over a century ago, research has repeatedly shown that individuals with higher levels of social integration, social networks and social support have better health status. However, the recent introduction of a contextual phenomenon known as social capital to the field of public health has sparked lively debate as to how it may also influence the health of individuals, if at all. Though critics have raised several points of contention regarding reported association between social capital and health over recent years, one outstanding issue remains: the lack of empirical research focusing on causal relationships, due to paucity of adequate longitudinal social capital data. The overall aim of this thesis is to test association between different social capital proxies and self-rated health (SRH), alongside other well-known health determinants, using multilevel and longitudinal data, whilst employing a variety of study designs and methods. All data used in this thesis come from the United Kingdom’s British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) from years 2000, 03, 05, 07 and 08. The underlying premise of this body of work is to investigate temporal (causal) relationships between social capital and health. All four papers of this thesis demonstrate that generalised trust is the most robust of all social capital proxies tested, it maintaining a positive association with SRH over time. Furthermore, results from paper III imply that prior trust levels can predict future SRH, lending weight to the hypothesis that trust is an independent determinant of health. However, debate remains as to whether generalised trust solely captures social capital or other, more tangible aspects of social cohesion.
  •  
26.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • Socialt kapital och självrapporterad hälsa : en undersökning av samband med longitudinella analyser och flernivåanalyser
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 89:4-5, s. 367-377
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sedan 1990-talet har sambanden mellan socialt kapital i form av sociala nätverk, reciprocitet och generaliserad tillit och hälsa studerats internationellt. De flesta studier har dock varit tvärsnittsstudier, vilket försvårar undersökning av orsakssamband. De sociala kontexter som undersökts i flernivåanalyser har ofta varit geografiska områden. Nästan inga studier har använt familjedesign. British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) i Storbritannien består av paneldata från 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007 och 2008 i en vuxen befolkning samplad på hushåll. Resultaten visar att sociala nätverk, reciprocitet och tillit har samband med självrapporterad hälsa (SRH), men att sambanden är mest konsistenta för tillit. Tillit på hushållsnivå förklarar betydligt mer av variationen i SRH än område. Analys av gemensam miljö ("shared environment") minskar sambandet mellan tillit och SRH.
  •  
27.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • Testing the association between social capital and health over time: a family-based design.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 13:Jul,17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The past decade has seen a vast increase in empirical research investigating associations between social capital and health outcomes. Literature reviews reveal 'generalized trust' and 'social participation' to be the most robust of the commonly used social capital proxies, both showing positive association with health outcomes. However, this association could be confounded by unmeasured factors, such as the shared environment. Currently, there is a distinct lack of social capital research that takes into account such residual confounding.
  •  
28.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe N., et al. (författare)
  • The 2005 London terror attacks : An investigation of changes in psychological wellbeing and social capital pre- and post-attacks (2003-07)-A UK panel study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: SSM - Population Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8273. ; 2, s. 485-494
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The London public transport suicide bombings, which occurred on 7th July 2005, were described as the worst single terrorist atrocity on British soil to date. Past acts of terrorism have been associated with deterioration in population mental health. They may also negatively impact levels of social capital, which is considered a buffer against poor mental health outcomes. By employing panel data from the British Household Panel Survey and following the same individuals (NT=9287) three times over a five-year period (2003, 2005 and 2007), the aim of this longitudinal multilevel study was to investigate: (i) the impact of terrorism on individual-level social capital (generalised trust and social participation) across the UK; and (ii) the buffering effects of social capital on psychological wellbeing (GHQ-12). By comparing 2005 and 2007 covariate values (including the two social capital proxies) against their pre-terror baseline (2003) measurements in two separate multilevel logistic regression models, we examined the immediate and longer-term effects of the 2005 attacks on our GHQ-12 outcome. Compared to baseline, generalised trust dropped from 44% to 36% immediately post-terror attacks in 2005, while local participation increased from 45.8% to 47.5%. Social capital levels started to return to baseline levels by 2007, yet both proxies maintained independent buffering effects against poor GHQ-12 scores in years 2005 and 2007. From this empirical evidence, it seems that though generalised trust levels are negatively affected by acts of terrorism, the accompanying increase in local active participation may aid in the re-establishment of societal norms and beliefs in later years. Decision makers should be aware that such atrocities may negatively impact on populations' generalised trust in the shorter-term. To safeguard against losing this buffer against poor mental health outcomes, local active participation should be encouraged.
  •  
29.
  •  
30.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of changes in different aspects of social capital and material conditions on self-rated health over time: A longitudinal cohort study.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 70, s. 700-710
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Individual aspects of social capital have been shown to have significant associations with health outcomes. However, research has seldom tested different elements of social capital simultaneously, whilst also adjusting for other well-known health determinants over time. This longitudinal individual-level study investigates how temporal changes in social capital, together with changes in material conditions and other health determinants affect associations with self-rated health over a six year period. We use data from the British Household Panel Survey, a randomly selected cohort which is considered representative of the United Kingdom's population, with the same individuals (N=9303) providing responses to identical questions in 1999 and 2005. Four measures of social capital were used: interpersonal trust, social participation, civic participation and informal social networks. Material conditions were measured by total income (both individual and weighted household income), net of taxation. Other health determinants included age, gender, smoking, marital status and social class. After the baseline sample was stratified by health status, associations were examined between changes in health status and changes in all other considered variables. Simultaneous adjustment revealed that inability to trust demonstrated a significant association with deteriorating self-rated health, whereas increased levels of social participation were significantly associated with improved health status over time. Low levels of household and individual income also demonstrated significant associations with deteriorating self-rated health. In conclusion, it seems that interpersonal trust and social participation, considered valid indicators of social capital, appear to be independent predictors of self-rated health, even after adjusting for other well-known health determinants. Understandably, how trust and social participation influence health outcomes may help resolve the debate surrounding the role of social capital within the field of public health.
  •  
31.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of social capital on changes in smoking behaviour: a longitudinal cohort study.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; jul 1, s. 347-354
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Smoking prevalence across high-income countries such as the United Kingdom has significantly decreased over the past few decades; this decrease, however, has not occurred uniformly across social strata. The highest concentrations of smokers are currently found in lower-income groups. Lack of access to material resources and differing social norms have been cited as possible causes of this imbalance in smoking behaviour. Social capital, measured by trust and levels of community participation, has also been postulated to influence health behaviour. Methods: Data from the British Household Panel Survey were used to identify smoking and non-smoking cohorts at baseline (N = 10 512); from these, individuals whose smoking behaviour had changed (the dependent variable) were identified. Measures of social capital, income, employment and marital status, and considered confounders were tested for associations with changes in smoking behaviour over a 2-year period. Both bivariate and multivariate models were utilized to elicit associations. Results: Only marital and employment status, along with social capital measures, remained significantly associated with changes in smoking behaviour. Individual/household income, baseline social class and general/psychological health failed to demonstrate any significant association with changes in smoking status. Conclusion: Support mechanisms (via marriage and employment) and elements social capital (measured by 'trust' and 'social participation') are independently and positively associated with smoking cessation; continual lack of active social participation and remaining single are associated with smoking initiation. Smoking interventions should consider increased participation as an intrinsic part of their design.
  •  
32.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • Trust and all-cause mortality : a multilevel study of US General Social Survey data (1978–2010)
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 73:1, s. 50-55
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Within public health research, generalised trust has been considered an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality for over two decades. However, there are no population-based studies that have scrutinised both contextual-level and individual-level effects of generalised trust on all-cause mortality. We, therefore, aim to investigate such associations by using pooled nationally representative US General Social Survey (GSS) data linked to the National Death Register (NDI).Methods The combined GSS–NDI data from the USA have 90 contextual units. Our sample consisted of 25 270 respondents from 1972 to 2010, with 6424 recorded deaths by 2014. We used multilevel parametric Weibull survival models reporting HRs and 95% CI (credible intervals for Bayesian analysis). Individual-level and contextual-level generalised trust were the exposures of interest; covariates included age, race, gender, marital status, education and household income.Results We found a robust, significant impact of individual-level and contextual-level trust on mortality (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97; and HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98, respectively). There were no discernible gender differences. Neither did we observe any significant cross-level interactions.Conclusion High levels of individual and contextual generalised trust protect against mortality, even after considering numerous individual and aggregated socioeconomic conditions. Its robustness at both levels hints at the importance of psychosocial mechanisms, as well as a trustworthy environment. Declining trust levels across the USA should be of concern; decision makers should consider direct and indirect effects of policy on trust with the view to halting this decline.
  •  
33.
  • Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al. (författare)
  • Trust and health: testing the reverse causality hypothesis.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 1470-2738 .- 0143-005X. ; 70:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Social capital research has consistently shown positive associations between generalised trust and health outcomes over 2 decades. Longitudinal studies attempting to test causal relationships further support the theory that trust is an independent predictor of health. However, as the reverse causality hypothesis has yet to be empirically tested, a knowledge gap remains. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate if health status predicts trust.
  •  
34.
  •  
35.
  • Jaberzadeh Ansari, Ramin, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Human grasp position estimation for human–robot cooperative object manipulation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Robotics and Autonomous Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8890. ; 131
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper addresses the problem of human grasp position estimation in a physical human–robot object handling scenario. The problem is formulated as a linear regression by considering the human grasp position and their exerted torque as unknown parameters. We propose a modified least-squares algorithm to estimate the parameters by evaluating the quality of the estimates based on the assumption that the parameters should remain constant for a period of time. The solution is model-agnostic in terms of the human force/torque model – requiring only force/torque measurements on the robot side and proprioception – and is model-based in terms of the object model. The proposed grasp position estimation method is compared statistically with a conventional contact point estimation method using the collected experimental data. Moreover, the performance of the developed method is evaluated through various scenarios of physical human–robot interaction.
  •  
36.
  • Klass, Verena, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamical Lithium-Ion Battery Model Identificationusing Electric Vehicle Operating Data for Resistance Estimation
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • State-of-health (SOH) estimates of batteries are essential on-board electric vehicles (EVs) in order to provide safe, reliable, and cost-effective battery operation. Here, we present an approach for the estimation of the battery SOH indicator internal resistance. Battery models are constructed on the basis of ordinary EV operating data. The 10 s discharge resistance, which is an established battery figure-of-merit from laboratory testing, can be conveniently computed from the identified model parameters. Dynamical battery models based on a current input and a voltage output with model parameters dependent on temperature and state-of-charge (SOC) are derived using AutoRegressive with eXogenous input (ARX) models. The suggested method is validated with usage data from emulated EV operation of an automotive lithium-ion battery cell. The resistance values are estimated accurately by the proposed model for a SOC and temperature range spanning typical EV operating conditions (average relative estimation error of 1.5%). The method even provides an uncertainty interval for the resistance estimations, which is found to be very narrow. The linear identification of the model parameters and the resistance computation are very fast rendering the method suitable for on-board application.
  •  
37.
  • Koivula, Robert W., et al. (författare)
  • Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes : descriptive characteristics of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 62:9, s. 1601-1615
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims/hypothesis: Here, we describe the characteristics of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) epidemiological cohorts at baseline and follow-up examinations (18, 36 and 48 months of follow-up).Methods: From a sampling frame of 24,682 adults of European ancestry enrolled in population-based cohorts across Europe, participants at varying risk of glycaemic deterioration were identified using a risk prediction algorithm (based on age, BMI, waist circumference, use of antihypertensive medication, smoking status and parental history of type 2 diabetes) and enrolled into a prospective cohort study (n = 2127) (cohort 1, prediabetes risk). We also recruited people from clinical registries with type 2 diabetes diagnosed 6-24 months previously (n = 789) into a second cohort study (cohort 2, diabetes). Follow-up examinations took place at similar to 18 months (both cohorts) and at similar to 48 months (cohort 1) or similar to 36 months (cohort 2) after baseline examinations. The cohorts were studied in parallel using matched protocols across seven clinical centres in northern Europe.Results: Using ADA 2011 glycaemic categories, 33% (n = 693) of cohort 1 (prediabetes risk) had normal glucose regulation and 67% (n = 1419) had impaired glucose regulation. Seventy-six per cent of participants in cohort 1 was male. Cohort 1 participants had the following characteristics (mean +/- SD) at baseline: age 62 (6.2) years; BMI 27.9 (4.0) kg/m(2); fasting glucose 5.7 (0.6) mmol/l; 2 h glucose 5.9 (1.6) mmol/l. At the final follow-up examination the participants' clinical characteristics were as follows: fasting glucose 6.0 (0.6) mmol/l; 2 h OGTT glucose 6.5 (2.0) mmol/l. In cohort 2 (diabetes), 66% (n = 517) were treated by lifestyle modification and 34% (n = 272) were treated with metformin plus lifestyle modification at enrolment. Fifty-eight per cent of participants in cohort 2 was male. Cohort 2 participants had the following characteristics at baseline: age 62 (8.1) years; BMI 30.5 (5.0) kg/m(2); fasting glucose 7.2 (1.4) mmol/l; 2 h glucose 8.6 (2.8) mmol/l. At the final follow-up examination, the participants' clinical characteristics were as follows: fasting glucose 7.9 (2.0) mmol/l; 2 h mixed-meal tolerance test glucose 9.9 (3.4) mmol/l.Conclusions/interpretation: The IMI DIRECT cohorts are intensely characterised, with a wide-variety of metabolically relevant measures assessed prospectively. We anticipate that the cohorts, made available through managed access, will provide a powerful resource for biomarker discovery, multivariate aetiological analyses and reclassification of patients for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
  •  
38.
  • Koivula, Robert W., et al. (författare)
  • The role of physical activity in metabolic homeostasis before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes : an IMI DIRECT study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Nature. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 63:4, s. 744-756
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims/hypothesis: It is well established that physical activity, abdominal ectopic fat and glycaemic regulation are related but the underlying structure of these relationships is unclear. The previously proposed twin-cycle hypothesis (TC) provides a mechanistic basis for impairment in glycaemic control through the interactions of substrate availability, substrate metabolism and abdominal ectopic fat accumulation. Here, we hypothesise that the effect of physical activity in glucose regulation is mediated by the twin-cycle. We aimed to examine this notion in the Innovative Medicines Initiative Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI DIRECT) Consortium cohorts comprised of participants with normal or impaired glucose regulation (cohort 1: N ≤ 920) or with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (cohort 2: N ≤ 435). Methods: We defined a structural equation model that describes the TC and fitted this within the IMI DIRECT dataset. A second model, twin-cycle plus physical activity (TC-PA), to assess the extent to which the effects of physical activity in glycaemic regulation are mediated by components in the twin-cycle, was also fitted. Beta cell function, insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control were modelled from frequently sampled 75 g OGTTs (fsOGTTs) and mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) in participants without and with diabetes, respectively. Abdominal fat distribution was assessed using MRI, and physical activity through wrist-worn triaxial accelerometry. Results are presented as standardised beta coefficients, SE and p values, respectively. Results: The TC and TC-PA models showed better fit than null models (TC: χ2 = 242, p = 0.004 and χ2 = 63, p = 0.001 in cohort 1 and 2, respectively; TC-PA: χ2 = 180, p = 0.041 and χ2 = 60, p = 0.008 in cohort 1 and 2, respectively). The association of physical activity with glycaemic control was primarily mediated by variables in the liver fat cycle. Conclusions/interpretation: These analyses partially support the mechanisms proposed in the twin-cycle model and highlight mechanistic pathways through which insulin sensitivity and liver fat mediate the association between physical activity and glycaemic control.
  •  
39.
  • Lindström, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Changes in social capital and cigarette smoking behavior over time : A population-based panel study of temporal relationships
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1469-994X .- 1462-2203. ; 18:11, s. 2106-2114
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Identifying factors that influence individuals' smoking behavior remains a huge public health concern. This study aimed to investigate changes in individuals' cigarette smoking while considering well-known smoking determinants, including social capital, its presence being postulated to reduce smoking. Methods: From British Household Panel Survey data, two baseline smoking cohorts were created ("smoking" and "not smoking"). The same individuals from this nationally representative sample (NT = 8114, aged 16-91 years) were interviewed on four occasions between years 2000 and 2007 to investigate changes in cigarette smoking behavior. Logistic regression models with random effects compensated for within-individual behavior over time. Temporal pathways were investigated by lagging independent variables (t - 1) in relation to our cigarette-use outcome at time (t). Results: Active social participation at (t - 1) was positively associated with smoking cessation at (t) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07-1.82]). Separating from one's spouse at (t - 1) increased risk for smoking relapse/initiation at (t) (OR = 6.63; 95% CI [1.70-28.89]). Conversely, being married protected against smoking cigarettes (OR = 1.87; 95% CI [1.15-3.04]). These associations held in our robustness checks. Conclusions: Initial marital breakdown predicted a high risk of smoking relapse/initiation. The timing of this life event provides a critical window where adverse smoking behavior might occur. Conversely, the positive effects of active social participation on cigarette cessation remained consistent, its absence further predicting smoking relapse/initiation. Robustness of results confirms the important role that active participation has on cigarette smoking behavior. Group smoking cessation interventions could harness participatory elements to better achieve their goals. Implications: By investigating temporal relationships between well-known smoking determinants and cigarette smoking outcomes, we identified that being "separated" (not "divorced") at time (t) predicted a higher risk of smoking relapse/initiation at (t). Tailored health messages could be employed to highlight the increased risk of cigarette smoking relapse/initiation during this stressful life event. Conversely, active social participation (a common social capital proxy) consistently predicted smoking cessation over time. Future group smoking cessation interventions could be designed explicitly to harness participatory elements to better achieve their goals.
  •  
40.
  • Lindström, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • The 2008 financial crisis: Changes in social capital and its association with psychological wellbeing in the United Kingdom - A panel study.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 153, s. 71-80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The global financial crisis of 2008 was described by the IMF as the worst recession since the Great Depression. This historic event provided the backdrop to this United Kingdom (UK) longitudinal study of changes in associations between social capital and psychological wellbeing. Past longitudinal studies have reported that the presence of social capital may buffer against adverse mental health outcomes. This study adds to existing literature by employing data from the British Household Panel Survey and tracking the same individuals (N = 11,743) pre- and immediately post-crisis (years 2007-09). With longitudinal, multilevel logistic regression modelling, we aimed to compare the buffering effects of individual-level social capital (generalised trust and social participation) against worse psychological wellbeing (GHQ-12) during and immediately after the 2008 financial crisis. After comparing the same individuals over time, results showed that stocks of social capital (generalised trust) were significantly depleted across the UK during the crisis, from 40% trusting others in 2007 to 32% in 2008. Despite this drop, the buffering effect of trust against worse psychological wellbeing was pronounced in 2008; those not trusting had an increased risk of worse psychological wellbeing in 2008 compared with the previous year in fully adjusted models (OR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.34-1.65). Levels of active participation increased across the timeframe of this study but were not associated with psychological health. From our empirical evidence, decision makers should be made aware of how events such as the crisis (and the measures taken to counter its effects) could negatively impact on a Nation's trust levels. Furthermore, past research implies that the positive effects of trust on psychological wellbeing evident in this study may only be short-term; therefore, decision makers should also prioritise policies that restore trust levels to improve the psychological wellbeing of the population.
  •  
41.
  • Lundgaard, Agnete T., et al. (författare)
  • BALDR : A Web-based platform for informed comparison and prioritization of biomarker candidates for type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PLoS Computational Biology. - 1553-734X. ; 19:8 August
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Novel biomarkers are key to addressing the ongoing pandemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus. While new technologies have improved the potential of identifying such biomarkers, at the same time there is an increasing need for informed prioritization to ensure efficient downstream verification. We have built BALDR, an automated pipeline for biomarker comparison and prioritization in the context of diabetes. BALDR includes protein, gene, and disease data from major public repositories, text-mining data, and human and mouse experimental data from the IMI2 RHAPSODY consortium. These data are provided as easy-to-read figures and tables enabling direct comparison of up to 20 biomarker candidates for diabetes through the public website https://baldr.cpr.ku.dk.
  •  
42.
  • Mewes, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Self-rated health, generalized trust, and the Affordable Care Act : a US panel study, 2006–2014
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 190, s. 48-56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous research shows that generalized trust, the belief that most people can be trusted, is conducive to people's health. However, only recently have longitudinal studies suggested an additional reciprocal pathway from health back to trust. Drawing on a diverse body of literature that shows how egalitarian social policy contributes to the promotion of generalized trust, we hypothesize that this other ‘reverse’ pathway could be sensitive to health insurance context. Drawing on nationally representative US panel data from the General Social Survey, we examine whether the Affordable Care Act of 2010 could have had influence on the deteriorating impact of worsening self-rated health (SRH) on generalized trust. Firstly, using two-wave panel data (2008–2010, N = 1403) and employing random effects regression models, we show that a lack of health insurance coverage negatively determines generalized trust in the United States. However, this association is attenuated when additionally controlling for (perceived) income inequality. Secondly, utilizing data from two separate three-wave panel studies from the US General Social Survey (2006–10; N = 1652; 2010–2014; N = 1187), we employ fixed-effects linear regression analyses to control for unobserved heterogeneity from time-invariant factors. We demonstrate that worsening SRH was a stronger predictor for a decrease in generalized trust prior (2006–2010) to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Further, the negative effect of fair/poor SRH seen in the 2006–2010 data becomes attenuated in the 2010–2014 panel data. We thus find evidence for a substantial weakening of the previously established negative impact of decreasing SRH on generalized trust, coinciding with the most significant US healthcare reforms in decades. Social policy and healthcare policy implications are discussed.
  •  
43.
  • Miething, Alexander, et al. (författare)
  • Trust, happiness and mortality : Findings from a prospective US population-based survey
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 252
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There has been an abundance of research discussing the health implications of generalised trust and happiness over the past two decades. Both attitudes have been touted as independent predictors of morbidity and mortality, with strikingly similar trajectories and biological pathways being hypothesised. To date, however, neither trust nor happiness have been considered simultaneously as predictors of mortality. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effects of generalised trust and happiness on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The distinction between different causes of death (i.e. cardiovascular vs. cancer-related mortality) allowed us to assess if psychosocial mechanisms could account for associations between generalised trust, happiness and mortality. The study sample was derived from US General Social Survey data from 1978 to 2010 (response rates ranged from 70 to 82 per cent), and combined with death records from the National Death Index. The analytical sample comprised 23,933 individuals with 5382 validated deaths from all-cause mortality by 2014. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models and competing-risk models. In final models, generalised trust, but not happiness, showed robust and independent associations with all-cause mortality. Regarding cause-specific mortality, trust only showed a significant relationship with cardiovascular mortality. The distinct patterns of association between generalised trust and all-cause/cause-specific mortality suggest that their relationship could be being driven by cardiovascular mortality. In turn, this supports the feasibility of psychosocial pathways as possible biological mechanisms from distrust to mortality.
  •  
44.
  • Mutie, Pascal, et al. (författare)
  • Lifestyle precision medicine : the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1741-7015. ; 15
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The driving force behind the current global type 2 diabetes epidemic is insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals. Dietary factors, physical inactivity, and sedentary behaviors are the major modifiable risk factors for obesity. Nevertheless, many overweight/obese people do not develop diabetes and lifestyle interventions focused on weight loss and diabetes prevention are often ineffective. Traditionally, chronically elevated blood glucose concentrations have been the hallmark of diabetes; however, many individuals will either remain 'prediabetic' or regress to normoglycemia. Thus, there is a growing need for innovative strategies to tackle diabetes at scale. The emergence of biomarker technologies has allowed more targeted therapeutic strategies for diabetes prevention (precision medicine), though largely confined to pharmacotherapy. Unlike most drugs, lifestyle interventions often have systemic health-enhancing effects. Thus, the pursuance of lifestyle precision medicine in diabetes seems rational. Herein, we review the literature on lifestyle interventions and diabetes prevention, describing the biological systems that can be characterized at scale in human populations, linking them to lifestyle in diabetes, and consider some of the challenges impeding the clinical translation of lifestyle precision medicine.
  •  
45.
  • Mutie, Pascal M., et al. (författare)
  • An investigation of causal relationships between prediabetes and vascular complications
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Prediabetes is a state of glycaemic dysregulation below the diagnostic threshold of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Globally, ~352 million people have prediabetes, of which 35–50% develop full-blown diabetes within five years. T2D and its complications are costly to treat, causing considerable morbidity and early mortality. Whether prediabetes is causally related to diabetes complications is unclear. Here we report a causal inference analysis investigating the effects of prediabetes in coronary artery disease, stroke and chronic kidney disease, complemented by a systematic review of relevant observational studies. Although the observational studies suggest that prediabetes is broadly associated with diabetes complications, the causal inference analysis revealed that prediabetes is only causally related with coronary artery disease, with no evidence of causal effects on other diabetes complications. In conclusion, prediabetes likely causes coronary artery disease and its prevention is likely to be most effective if initiated prior to the onset of diabetes.
  •  
46.
  • Mutie, Pascal M, et al. (författare)
  • Investigating the causal relationships between excess adiposity and cardiometabolic health in men and women
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 66:2, s. 321-335
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Excess adiposity is differentially associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease in men and women, according to observational studies. Causal inference studies largely assume a linear relationship between BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes, which may not be the case. In this study, we investigated the shapes of the causal relationships between BMI and cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors. We further investigated sex differences within the causal framework.METHODS: To assess causal relationships between BMI and the outcomes, we used two-stage least-squares Mendelian randomisation (MR), with a polygenic risk score for BMI as the instrumental variable. To elucidate the shapes of the causal relationships, we used a non-linear MR fractional polynomial method, and used piecewise MR to investigate threshold relationships and confirm the shapes.RESULTS: BMI was associated with type 2 diabetes (OR 3.10; 95% CI 2.73, 3.53), hypertension (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.44, 1.62) and coronary artery disease (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.08, 1.33), but not chronic kidney disease (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.67, 1.72) or stroke (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.92, 1.28). The data suggest that these relationships are non-linear. For cardiometabolic risk factors, BMI was positively associated with glucose, HbA1c, triacylglycerol levels and both systolic and diastolic BP. BMI had an inverse causal relationship with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. The data suggest a non-linear causal relationship between BMI and BP and other biomarkers (p<0.001) except lipoprotein A. The piecewise MR results were consistent with the fractional polynomial results. The causal effect of BMI on coronary artery disease, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was different in men and women, but this sex difference was only significant for LDL-cholesterol after controlling for multiple testing (p<0.001). Further, the causal effect of BMI on coronary artery disease varied by menopause status in women.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We describe the shapes of causal effects of BMI on cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors, and report sex differences in the causal effects of BMI on LDL-cholesterol. We found evidence of non-linearity in the causal effect of BMI on diseases and risk factor biomarkers. Reducing excess adiposity is highly beneficial for health, but there is greater need to consider biological sex in the management of adiposity.
  •  
47.
  • Obura, Morgan, et al. (författare)
  • Post-load glucose subgroups and associated metabolic traits in individuals with type 2 diabetes : An IMI-DIRECT study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: Subclasses of different glycaemic disturbances could explain the variation in characteristics of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to examine the association between subgroups based on their glucose curves during a five-point mixed-meal tolerance test (MMT) and metabolic traits at baseline and glycaemic deterioration in individuals with T2D. METHODS: The study included 787 individuals with newly diagnosed T2D from the Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI-DIRECT) Study. Latent class trajectory analysis (LCTA) was used to identify distinct glucose curve subgroups during a five-point MMT. Using general linear models, these subgroups were associated with metabolic traits at baseline and after 18 months of follow up, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: At baseline, we identified three glucose curve subgroups, labelled in order of increasing glucose peak levels as subgroup 1-3. Individuals in subgroup 2 and 3 were more likely to have higher levels of HbA1c, triglycerides and BMI at baseline, compared to those in subgroup 1. At 18 months (n = 651), the beta coefficients (95% CI) for change in HbA1c (mmol/mol) increased across subgroups with 0.37 (-0.18-1.92) for subgroup 2 and 1.88 (-0.08-3.85) for subgroup 3, relative to subgroup 1. The same trend was observed for change in levels of triglycerides and fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Different glycaemic profiles with different metabolic traits and different degrees of subsequent glycaemic deterioration can be identified using data from a frequently sampled mixed-meal tolerance test in individuals with T2D. Subgroups with the highest peaks had greater metabolic risk.
  •  
48.
  • Pomares-Millan, Hugo, et al. (författare)
  • Estimating the Direct Effect between Dietary Macronutrients and Cardiometabolic Disease, Accounting for Mediation by Adiposity and Physical Activity
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 14:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Assessing the causal effects of individual dietary macronutrients and cardiometabolic disease is challenging owing to the complexity to distinguish direct effects from those mediated or confounded by other factors. To estimate these effects, intake of protein, carbohydrate, sugar, fat, and its subtypes were obtained using food frequency data derived from a Swedish population-based cohort (n~60,000). Data on clinical outcomes (i.e., type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence) were obtained by linking health registry data. We assessed the magnitude of direct and mediated effects of diet, adiposity and physical activity on T2D and CVD using structural equation modelling (SEM). To strengthen causal inference, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to model macronutrient intake exposures against clinical outcomes. We identified likely causal effects of genetically predicted carbohydrate intake (including sugar intake) and T2D, independent of adiposity and physical activity. Pairwise, serial-and parallel-mediational configurations yielded similar results. In the integrative genomic analyses, the candidate causal variant localized to the established type 2 diabetes gene TCF7L2. These findings may be informative when considering which dietary modifications included in nutritional guidelines are most likely to elicit health-promoting effects.
  •  
49.
  • Prinz, Nicole, et al. (författare)
  • Who benefits most from outpatient lifestyle intervention? An IMI-SOPHIA study on pediatric individuals living with overweight and obesity
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-7381. ; 31:9, s. 2375-2385
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The first-line approach for childhood obesity is lifestyle intervention (LI); however, success varies. This study aimed first to identify distinct subgroups of response in children living with overweight and obesity and second to elucidate predictors for subclusters. Methods: Based on the obesity patient follow-up registry the APV (Adipositas-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation) initiative, a total of 12,453 children and adolescents (median age: 11.5 [IQR: 9.7–13.2] years; BMI z score [BMIz]: 2.06 [IQR: 1.79–2.34]; 52.6% girls) living with overweight/obesity and participating in outpatient LI were studied. Longitudinal k-means clustering was used to identify individual BMIz response curve for up to 2 years after treatment initiation. Multinomial logistic regression was used to elucidate predictors for cluster membership. Results: A total of 36.3% of children and adolescents experienced “no BMIz loss.” The largest subcluster (44.8%) achieved “moderate BMIz loss,” with an average delta-BMIz of −0.23 (IQR: −0.33 to −0.14) at study end. A total of 18.9% had a “pronounced BMIz loss” up to −0.61 (IQR: −0.76 to −0.49). Younger age and lower BMIz at LI initiation, larger initial BMIz loss, and less social deprivation were linked with higher likelihood for moderate or pronounced BMIz loss compared with the no BMIz loss cluster (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results support the importance of patient-tailored intervention and earlier treatment escalation in high-risk individuals who have little chance of success.
  •  
50.
  • Shah, Nisha, et al. (författare)
  • Motivations for data sharing—views of research participants from four European countries : A DIRECT study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to explore and compare different countries in what motivated research participants’ decisions whether to share their de-identified data. We investigated European DIRECT (Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification) research project participants’ desire for control over sharing different types of their de-identified data, and with who data could be shared in the future after the project ends. A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among DIRECT project participants. The results found that there was a significant association between country and attitudes towards advancing research, protecting privacy, and beliefs about risks and benefits to sharing data. When given the choice to have control, some participants (<50% overall) indicated that having control over what data is shared and with whom was important; and control over what data types are shared was less important than respondents deciding who data are shared with. Danish respondents indicated higher odds of desire to control data types shared, and Dutch respondents showed higher odds of desire to control who data will be shared with. Overall, what research participants expect in terms of control over data sharing needs to be considered and aligned with sharing for future research and re-use of data. Our findings show that even with de-identified data, respondents prioritise privacy above all else. This study argues to move research participants from passive participation in biomedical research to considering their opinions about data sharing and control of de-identified biomedical data.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 56
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (48)
konferensbidrag (3)
annan publikation (2)
doktorsavhandling (2)
forskningsöversikt (1)
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (52)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (4)
Författare/redaktör
Giordano, Giuseppe N ... (21)
Franks, Paul W. (16)
Lindström, Martin (11)
Pavo, Imre (9)
Schwenk, Jochen M. (8)
Ruetten, Hartmut (8)
visa fler...
Atabaki-Pasdar, Naei ... (7)
Koivula, Robert W (7)
Sjöberg, Jonas, 1964 (7)
Brunak, Søren (7)
McCarthy, Mark I (6)
Pedersen, Oluf (6)
Fitipaldi, Hugo (6)
Mari, Andrea (6)
Vinuela, Ana (6)
Mahajan, Anubha (6)
De Masi, Federico (6)
Kokkola, Tarja (6)
Walker, Mark (6)
Hansen, Torben (5)
‘t Hart, Leen M. (5)
Adamski, Jerzy (5)
Ridderstråle, Martin (4)
Laakso, Markku (4)
Kurbasic, Azra (4)
Bell, Jimmy D. (4)
Vestergaard, Henrik (4)
Heggie, Alison (4)
Kaye, Jane (4)
Forgie, Ian (4)
Pearson, Ewan (4)
Rutters, Femke (4)
Elders, Petra (4)
Teare, Harriet (4)
Tura, Andrea (4)
Lyssenko, Valeriya (3)
Groop, Leif (3)
Sundquist, Kristina (3)
Ahlqvist, Emma (3)
Rossing, Peter (3)
Sundquist, Jan (3)
Ali, Ashfaq (3)
Allin, Kristine H (3)
Suvitaival, Tommi (3)
Thomas, E. Louise (3)
Tajes, Juan Fernande ... (3)
Frost, Gary (3)
Dermitzakis, Emmanou ... (3)
Tsirigos, Konstantin ... (3)
Åkerlund, Mikael (3)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Lunds universitet (44)
Umeå universitet (9)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (9)
Chalmers tekniska högskola (9)
Stockholms universitet (4)
Uppsala universitet (3)
visa fler...
Karolinska Institutet (2)
Göteborgs universitet (1)
Högskolan i Halmstad (1)
Linköpings universitet (1)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (55)
Svenska (1)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (42)
Teknik (9)
Naturvetenskap (8)
Samhällsvetenskap (7)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy