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| 2. |
- Andrén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The occurrence of noncoagulating milk and the association of bovine milk coagulation properties with genetic variants of the caseins in 3 Scandinavian dairy breeds
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 96:8, s. 4830-4842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substantial variation in milk coagulation properties has been observed among dairy cows. Consequently, raw milk from individual cows and breeds exhibits distinct coagulation capacities that potentially affect the technological properties and milk processing into cheese. This variation is largely influenced by protein composition, which is in turn affected by underlying genetic polymorphisms in the major milk proteins. In this study, we conducted a large screening on 3 major Scandinavian breeds to resolve the variation in milk coagulation traits and the frequency of milk with impaired coagulation properties (noncoagulation). In total, individual coagulation properties were measured on morning milk collected from 1,299 Danish Holstein (DH), Danish Jersey (DJ), and Swedish Red (SR) cows. The 3 breeds demonstrated notable interbreed differences in coagulation properties, with DJ cows exhibiting superior coagulation compared with the other 2 breeds. In addition, milk samples from 2% of DH and 16% of SR cows were classified as noncoagulating. Furthermore, the cows were genotyped for major genetic variants in the alpha(S1)- (CSN1S1), beta- (CSN2), and kappa-casein (CSN3) genes, revealing distinct differences in variant frequencies among breeds. Allele I of CSN2, which had not formerly been screened in such a high number of cows in these Scandinavian breeds, showed a frequency around 7% in DH and DJ, but was not detected in SR. Genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with curd firming rate and rennet coagulation time. Thus, CSN1S1 C, CSN2 B, and CSN3 B positively affected milk coagulation, whereas CSN2 A(2), in particular, had a negative effect. In addition to the influence of individual casein genes, the effects of CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN3 composite genotypes were also examined, and revealed strong associations in all breeds, which more or less reflected the single gene results. Overall, milk coagulation is under the influence of additive genetic variation. Optimal milk for future cheese production can be ensured by monitoring the frequency of unfavorable variants and thus preventing an increase in the number of cows producing milk with impaired coagulation. Selective breeding for variants associated with superior milk coagulation can potentially increase raw milk quality and cheese yield in all 3 Scandinavian breeds.
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| 5. |
- Eulenburg, C., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adults with Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea with versus without Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in the RICCADSA Cinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 1546-3222 .- 2329-6933. ; 20:7, s. 1048-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Recent randomized controlled trials did not show cardiovascular benefits of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in adults with coronary artery disease (CAD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in intention-to-treat analyses. It has been argued that exclusion of patients with OSA with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), who may be most likely to benefit from CPAP treatment, may be a reason for the null results. Objectives: We addressed 1) the effect of concomitant EDS on adverse outcomes in patients with CAD and OSA; and 2) whether the cardiovascular benefit of CPAP adherence differs between individuals with versus without EDS. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the RICCADSA (Randomized Intervention with CPAP in CAD and Obstructive Sleep Apnea) trial, conducted in Sweden between 2005 and 2013. Data were analyzed from 155 patients with CAD with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index> 15/h) and EDS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score> 10), who were allocated to CPAP and 244 patients without EDS (ESS, 10), who were randomized to CPAP or no CPAP. Patients who were allocated to no CPAP or were nonadherent (CPAP usage, 4 h/night) were compared with adherent patients (CPAP usage> 4 h/night) at 1-year follow-up. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to mimic randomization of EDS. The primary endpoint was the first event of repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular mortality. Results: The median follow-up was 52.2 months. The incidence of the primary endpoint did not differ significantly between the EDS versus no-EDS groups in the entire cohort. Within the adherent group, patients without EDS had a significantly decreased risk compared with patients with EDS (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.85; P = 0.02). Conclusions: Adverse cardiovascular outcomes did not differ by degrees of EDS for patients with CAD with OSA who were untreated or nonadherent to treatment. CPAP use, at least 4 h/night, was associated with reduced adverse outcomes in participants without EDS. Clinical trial registered with www.
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| 6. |
- Glantz, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of CPAP on diastolic function in coronary artery disease patients with nonsleepy obstructive sleep apnea : A randomized controlled trial.
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 241, s. 12-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with worse diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This analysis determined whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment would improve diastolic function in CAD patients with nonsleepy OSA.METHODS: Between December 2005 and November 2010, 244 revascularized CAD patients with nonsleepy OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15/h, Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] score<10) were randomly assigned to CPAP or no-CPAP. Echocardiographic measurements were obtained at baseline, and after 3 and 12months.RESULTS: A total of 171 patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%), no atrial fibrillation or severe valve abnormalities, and technically adequate echocardiograms at baseline and follow-up visits were included (CPAP, n=87; no-CPAP, n=84). In the intention-to-treat analysis, CPAP had no significant effect on echocardiographic parameters of mild (enlarged left atrium or decreased diastolic relaxation velocity) or worse (increased E/é filling index [presumed elevated left ventricular filling pressure]) diastolic function. Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant association between CPAP usage for ≥4h/night and an increase in diastolic relaxation velocity at 12months' follow-up (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0-4.9; p=0.039) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and left atrium diameter at baseline.CONCLUSIONS: CPAP did not improve diastolic dysfunction in CAD patients with nonsleepy OSA. However, good CPAP adherence was significantly associated with an increase in diastolic relaxation velocity after one year.
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| 7. |
- Glantz, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with worse diastolic function in coronary artery disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457. ; 16:1, s. 160-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diastolic dysfunction is common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesize that patients with CAD and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) will have worse diastolic function than similar patients without OSA. Material and methods: We analyzed sleep-study recordings and echocardiographic measurements obtained at baseline in a randomized controlled trial (RICCADSA) of revascularized patients with CAD who had LVEF of at least 50%. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI) >= 15 events/h, and, no OSA, as an AHI <5. Worse diastolic function was defined as assumed elevated left ventricular filling pressure based on peak flow velocity in early diastole/Tissue Doppler of early diastolic ventricular filling (E/e) of >13 (or >9 in patients with an enlarged left atrial diameter [>= 39 mm for women and >= 40 mm for men]). Results: Data from 431 patients were evaluated (mean age: 63.7 +/- 8.8 y; men: 82.5%; OSA: n = 331). Worse diastolic function was more common among the patients with OSA than those without (54.4% vs 41.0%, p = 0.019). In multivariate analysis, OSA was associated with worse diastolic function (odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13; 3.18) adjusted for female sex (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.28; 4.07), hypertension (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.20; 2.82), and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.42; 4.23). Age >= 60 years, obesity, and current smoking were nonsignificant. Conclusions: In this cohort with CAD and preserved LVEF, OSA was associated with worse diastolic function independent of the traditionally recognized risk indicators. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Glantz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Bovine chromosomal regions affecting rheological traits in acid-induced skim milk gels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 98:2, s. 1273-1285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of fermented milk products has increased worldwide during the last decade and is expected to continue to increase during the coming decade. The quality of these products may be optimized through breeding practices; however, the relations between cow genetics and technological properties of acid milk gels are not fully known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify chromosomal regions affecting acid-induced coagulation properties and possible candidate genes. Skim milk samples from 377 Swedish Red cows were rheologically analyzed for acid-induced coagulation properties using low-amplitude oscillation measurements. The resulting traits, including gel strength, coagulation time, and yield stress, were used to conduct a genome-wide association study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified using the BovineHD SNPChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA), resulting in almost 621,000 segregating markers. The genome was scanned for putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions, haplotypes based on highly associated SNP were inferred, and the additive genetic effects of haplotypes within each QTL region were analyzed using mixed models. A total of 8 genomic regions were identified, with large effects of the significant haplotype explaining between 4.8 and 9.8% of the phenotypic variance of the studied traits. One major QTL was identified to overlap between gel strength and yield stress, the QTL identified with the most significant SNP closest to the gene coding for κ-casein (CSN3). In addition, a chromosome-wide significant region affecting yield stress on BTA 11 was identified to be colocated with PAEP, coding for β-lactoglobulin. Furthermore, the coagulation properties of the genetic variants within the 2 genes were compared with the coagulation properties identified by the patterns of the haplotypes within the regions, and it was discovered that the haplotypes were more diverse and in one case slightly better at explaining the phenotypic variance. Besides these significant QTL comprising the 2 milk proteins, 3 additional genes are proposed as possible candidates, namely RAB22A, CDH13, and STAT1, and all have previously been found to be expressed in the mammary gland. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to map QTL regions for acid-induced coagulation properties.
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| 9. |
- Glantz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of animal selection on milk composition and processability.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 92:9, s. 4589-4603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One goal of animal breeding is to increase the economic output through increased production, improved milk quality, and cow health. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic progress in relation to milk composition, processability, and yield as a correlated response to selection for the Swedish breeding objective. Dairy cows with high genetic merit, classified as elite dairy cows, of the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds were used. Milk samples were collected on the farm level in winter and summer from a research herd at Nötcenter Viken, a bovine research farm in Sweden. Comparisons were made with milk from a Swedish Red herd, a Swedish Holstein herd, and a Swedish dairy processor in the same geographical area. Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as minerals were analyzed, and technological properties, including rennet-induced gelation characteristics, lipid oxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and fat globule size, were determined. Higher yields were found for elite cows for components of the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as for minerals, implying genetic progress in relation to milk yield; however, the content of some milk components (e.g., lipid and whey protein contents) had decreased on average. Milk from the elite cows had good gelation characteristics, but was more susceptible to lipid autooxidation and had a lower total antioxidant capacity. These results demonstrate that milk composition and processing characteristics could be used to adjust breeding practices to optimize the quality and stability of milk and dairy products.
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| 10. |
- Gregersen, V R, et al.
(författare)
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Bovine chromosomal regions affecting rheological traits in rennet-induced skim milk gels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 98:2, s. 1261-1272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing cheese yield and quality is of central importance to cheese manufacturing. The yield is associated with the time it takes before the gel has an optimal consistency for further processing, and it is well known that gel formation differs between individual milk samples. By identifying genomic regions affecting traits related to rennet-induced gelation, the aim of this study was to identify potential candidate genes affecting these traits. Hence, rennet-induced gelation, including rennet coagulation time, gel strength, and yield stress, was measured in skim milk samples collected from 379 animals of the Swedish Red breed using low-amplitude oscillation measurements. All animals had genotypes for almost 621,000 segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), identified using the Bovine HD SNPChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The genome was scanned for associations, haplotypes based on SNP sets comprising highly associated SNP were inferred, and the effects of the 2 most common haplotypes within each region were analyzed using mixed models. Even though the number of animals was relatively small, a total of 21 regions were identified, with 4 regions showing association with more than one trait. A major quantitative trait locus for all traits was identified around the casein cluster explaining between 9.3 to 15.2% of the phenotypic variation of the different traits. In addition, 3 other possible candidate genes were identified; that is, UDP-n-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide n-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 1 (GALNT1), playing a role in O-glycosylation of κ-casein, and 2 cathepsins, CTSZ and CTSC, possibly involved in proteolysis of milk proteins. We have shown that other genes than the casein genes themselves may be involved in the regulation of gelation traits. However, additional analysis is needed to confirm these results. To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying quantitative trait loci affecting rennet-induced gelation of skim milk through a high-density genome-wide association study.
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| 11. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of breed and casein genetic variants on protein profile in milk from Swedish Red, Danish Holstein, and Danish Jersey cows.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 97:6, s. 3866-3877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In selecting cows for higher milk yields and milk quality, it is important to understand how these traits are affected by the bovine genome. The major milk proteins exhibit genetic polymorphism and these genetic variants can serve as markers for milk composition, milk production traits, and technological properties of milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between casein (CN) genetic variants and detailed protein composition in Swedish and Danish dairy milk. Milk and DNA samples were collected from approximately 400 individual cows each of 3 Scandinavian dairy breeds: Swedish Red (SR), Danish Holstein (DH), and Danish Jersey (DJ). The protein profile with relative concentrations of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and αS1-, αS2-, κ-, and β-CN was determined for each milk sample using capillary zone electrophoresis. The genetic variants of the αS1- (CSN1S1), β- (CSN2), and κ-CN (CSN3) genes for each cow were determined using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Univariate statistical models were used to evaluate the effects of composite genetic variants, αS1-β-κ-CN, on the protein profile. The 3 studied Scandinavian breeds differed from each other regarding CN genotypes, with DH and SR having similar genotype frequencies, whereas the genotype frequencies in DJ differed from the other 2 breeds. The similarities in genotype frequencies of SR and DH and differences compared with DJ were also seen in milk production traits, gross milk composition, and protein profile. Frequencies of the most common composite αS1-β-κ-CN genotype BB/A(2)A(2)/AA were 30% in DH and 15% in SR, and cows that had this genotype gave milk with lower relative concentrations of κ- and β-CN and higher relative concentrations of αS-CN, than the majority of the other composite genotypes in SR and DH. The effect of composite genotypes on relative concentrations of the milk proteins was not as pronounced in DJ. The present work suggests that a higher frequency of BB/A(1)A(2)/AB, together with a decrease in BB/A(2)A(2)/AA, could have positive effects on DH and SR milk regarding, for example, the processing of cheese.
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| 12. |
- Jefferies, Steven R., et al.
(författare)
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Prospective Observation of a New Bioactive Luting Cement : 2-Year Follow-Up
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Prosthodontics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-941X .- 1532-849X. ; 21:1, s. 33-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: A pilot study was conducted to determine the 2-year clinical performance of a new bioactive dental cement (Ceramir C&B, formerly XeraCem) for permanent cementation. Materials and Methods: The cement used in this study is a new formulation class, a hybrid material comprising calcium aluminate and glass ionomer. Thirty-eight crowns and fixed partial denture (FPD) abutments were cemented in 17 patients. Thirty-one of the abutment teeth were vital, 7 nonvital. Six reconstructions were FPDs comprising 14 abutment teeth (12 vital/2 nonvital). A two-unit fixed splint was also included. Preparation parameters and cement characteristics (dispensing, working time, seating characteristics, ease of cement removal) were recorded. Baseline and postcementation data were recorded for marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, secondary caries, retention, and gingival inflammation. Tooth sensitivity was assessed at pre- and postcementation time points using categorical and visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment measures. Results: Mixing of the cement was reported as “easy.” Clinical working time for this cement was deemed acceptable. Assessment of seating characteristics indicated all restorations were seated completely after cementation. Cement removal was determined to be “easy.” Fifteen of 17 subjects were available for 1-year recall examination; 13 patients were available for the 2-year recall examination. Restorations at 2-year recall examination included 17 single-unit, full-coverage crown restorations, four 3-unit FPDs comprising 8 abutments, and one 2-unit splint. No retentive failures or sensitivity were recorded at 2-year recall. Marginal integrities of all restorations/abutments at 2 years were rated in the “alpha” category. Average VAS score for tooth sensitivity decreased from 7.63 mm at baseline to 0.44 mm at 6-month recall, 0.20 mm at 1-year recall, and 0.00 mm at 2-year recall. The average gingival index score for gingival inflammation decreased from 0.56 at baseline to 0.11 at 6-month recall, then 0.16 at 1-year recall, and 0.21 at 2-year recall. Conclusions: Two-year recall data yielded no loss of retention, no secondary caries, no marginal discolorations, and no subjective sensitivity. All restorations rated “alpha” for marginal integrity at the 2-year recall. After periodic recalls up to 2 years, the new bioactive cement tested thus far has performed favorably as a luting agent for permanent cementation.
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| 13. |
- Sundekilde, Ulrik K, et al.
(författare)
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Association between the bovine milk metabolome and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 97:10, s. 6076-6084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The milk metabolomes of 407 individual Swedish Red dairy cows were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as part of the Danish-Swedish Milk Genomics Initiative. By relating these metabolite profiles to total milk protein concentration and rheological measurements of rennet-induced milk coagulation together using multivariate data analysis techniques, we were able to identify several different associations of the milk metabolome to technological properties of milk. Several novel correlations of milk metabolites to protein content and rennet-induced coagulation properties were demonstrated. Metabolites associated with the prediction of total protein content included choline, N-acetyl hexosamines, creatinine, glycerophosphocholine, glutamate, glucose 1-phosphate, galactose 1-phosphate, and orotate. In addition, levels of lactate, acetate, glutamate, creatinine, choline, carnitine, galactose 1-phosphate, and glycerophosphocholine were significantly different when comparing noncoagulating and well-coagulating milks. These findings suggest that the mentioned metabolites are associated with milk protein content and rennet-induced coagulation properties and may act as quality markers for cheese milk.
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| 14. |
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