| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2019
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
-
Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Poley, L., et al.
(författare)
-
The ABC130 barrel module prototyping programme for the ATLAS strip tracker
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 15:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector [1], its Inner Detector, consisting of silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100% silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: an early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-250) [2, 3] and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests.
|
|
| 21. |
- Giele, Walter, et al.
(författare)
-
The QCD / SM working group: Summary report
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Physics at TeV colliders. Proceedings, Euro Summer School, Les Houches, France, May 21-June 1, 2001. ; , s. 275-426, s. 275-426
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 22. |
- Wadsworth, R., et al.
(författare)
-
THE NORTHWEST FRONTIER : SPECTROSCOPY OF N similar to Z NUCLEI BELOW MASS 100
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 40:3, s. 611-620
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spectroscopy and structure of excited states of N similar to Z nuclei in the mass 70-100 region has been investigated using two techniques. In the A similar to 70-80 region fusion evaporation reactions coupled with the recoil-beta-tagging method have been employed at Jyvaskyla to study low-lying states in odd-odd N = Z nuclei. Results from these and other data for known odd-odd nuclei above mass 60 will be discussed. In the heavier mass 90 region a fragmentation experiment has been performed using the RIS-ING/FRS setup at GSI. This experiment was primarily aimed at searching for spin gap isomers in nuclei around A similar to 96. The objectives of the latter experiment will be discussed.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Butterworth, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Les Houches 2013: Physics at TeV Colliders: Standard Model Working Group Report
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2013 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt primarily with (1) the techniques for calculating standard model multi-leg NLO and NNLO QCD and NLO EW cross sections and (2) the comparison of those cross sections with LHC data from Run 1, and projections for future measurements in Run 2.
|
|
| 25. |
- Petkevicius, K., et al.
(författare)
-
TLCD1 and TLCD2 regulate cellular phosphatidylethanolamine composition and promote the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation of cellular phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) acyl chain composition is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that TLCD1 and TLCD2 proteins mediate the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid-containing PE species and promote the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) determines cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, our understanding of how cells regulate PE composition is limited. Here, we identify a genetic locus on mouse chromosome 11, containing two poorly characterized genes Tlcd1 and Tlcd2, that strongly influences PE composition. We generated Tlcd1/2 double-knockout (DKO) mice and found that they have reduced levels of hepatic monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-containing PE species. Mechanistically, TLCD1/2 proteins act cell intrinsically to promote the incorporation of MUFAs into PEs. Furthermore, TLCD1/2 interact with the mitochondria in an evolutionarily conserved manner and regulate mitochondrial PE composition. Lastly, we demonstrate the biological relevance of our findings in dietary models of metabolic disease, where Tlcd1/2 DKO mice display attenuated development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared to controls. Overall, we identify TLCD1/2 proteins as key regulators of cellular PE composition, with our findings having broad implications in understanding and treating disease.
|
|
| 26. |
- Singh, B. S. Nara, et al.
(författare)
-
Coulomb shifts and shape changes in the mass 70 region
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 75:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The technique of recoil beta tagging has been developed which allows prompt gamma decays in nuclei from excited states to be correlated with electrons from their subsequent short-lived beta decay. This technique is ideal for studying nuclei very far from stability and improves in sensitivity for very short-lived decays and for high decay Q-values. The method has allowed excited states in Y-78 to be observed for the first time, as well as an extension in the knowledge of T=1 states in Rb-74. From this new information it has been possible to compare Coulomb energy differences (CED) between T=1 states in Br-70/Se-70, Rb-74/Kr-74, and Y-78/Sr-78. The A=70 CED exhibit an anomalous behavior which is inconsistent with all other known CED. This behavior may be accounted for qualitatively in terms of small variations in the Coulomb energy arising from shape changes.
|
|
| 27. |
- Singh, B. S. Nara, et al.
(författare)
-
Recoil Beta Tagging : Application to the study of odd-odd near proton drip line nuclei, Rb-74 and Y-78
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 150, s. 147-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a study of low-spin states in Rb-74 and Y-78 using the new technique of Recoil Beta Tagging. This yielded new information on Rb-74 and has provided the first evidence for non-isomeric T = 1 states in Y-78.
|
|
| 28. |
- Syed, J., et al.
(författare)
-
The "Maggie" filament: Physical properties of a giant atomic cloud
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 657
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The atomic phase of the interstellar medium plays a key role in the formation process of molecular clouds. Due to the line-of-sight confusion in the Galactic plane that is associated with its ubiquity, atomic hydrogen emission has been challenging to study. Aims. We investigate the physical properties of the "Maggie" filament, a large-scale filament identified in H I emission at line-of-sight velocities, upsilon(LSR) similar to -54 km s(-1). Methods. Employing the high-angular resolution data from The H I/OH Recombination line survey of the inner Milky Way (THOR), we have been able to study H I emission features at negative upsilon(LSR) velocities without any line-of-sight confusion due to the kinematic distance ambiguity in the first Galactic quadrant. In order to investigate the kinematic structure, we decomposed the emission spectra using the automated Gaussian fitting algorithm GAUSSPY+. Results. We identify one of the largest, coherent, mostly atomic H I filaments in the Milky Way. The giant atomic filament Maggie, with a total length of 1.2 +/- 0.1 kpc, is not detected in most other tracers, and it does not show signs of active star formation. At a kinematic distance of 17 kpc, Maggie is situated below (by approximate to 500 pc), but parallel to, the Galactic H I disk and is trailing the predicted location of the Outer Arm by 5-10 km s(-1) in longitude-velocity space. The centroid velocity exhibits a smooth gradient of less than +/- 3 km s(-1) (10 pc)(-1) and a coherent structure to within +/- 6 km s(-1). The line widths of similar to 10 km s(-1) along the spine of the filament are dominated by nonthermal effects. After correcting for optical depth effects, the mass of Maggie's dense spine is estimated to be 7.2(-1.9)(+2.5) x 10(5) M-circle dot. The mean number density of the filament is similar to 4 cm(-3), which is best explained by the filament being a mix of cold and warm neutral gas. In contrast to molecular filaments, the turbulent Mach number and velocity structure function suggest that Maggie is driven by transonic to moderately supersonic velocities that are likely associated with the Galactic potential rather than being subject to the effects of self-gravity or stellar feedback. The probability density function of the column density displays a log-normal shape around a mean of < N-HI > = 4.8 x 10(20) cm(-2), thus reflecting the absence of dominating effects of gravitational contraction. Conclusions. While Maggie's origin remains unclear, we hypothesize that Maggie could be the first in a class of atomic clouds that are the precursors of giant molecular filaments.
|
|
| 29. |
- Wang, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Cloud formation in the atomic and molecular phase: H I self absorption (HISA) towards a giant molecular filament
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 634
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular clouds form from the atomic phase of the interstellar medium. However, characterizing the transition between the atomic and the molecular interstellar medium (ISM) is a complex observational task. Here we address cloud formation processes by combining HI self absorption (HISA) with molecular line data. Column density probability density functions (N-PDFs) are a common tool for examining molecular clouds. One scenario proposed by numerical simulations is that the N-PDF evolves from a log-normal shape at early times to a power-law-like shape at later times. To date, investigations of N-PDFs have been mostly limited to the molecular component of the cloud. In this paper, we study the cold atomic component of the giant molecular filament GMF38.1-32.4a (GMF38a, distance = 3.4 kpc, length similar to 230 pc), calculate its N-PDFs, and study its kinematics. We identify an extended HISA feature, which is partly correlated with the (CO)-C-13 emission. The peak velocities of the HISA and (CO)-C-13 observations agree well on the eastern side of the filament, whereas a velocity offset of approximately 4 km s(-1) is found on the western side. The sonic Mach number we derive from the linewidth measurements shows that a large fraction of the HISA, which is ascribed to the cold neutral medium (CNM), is at subsonic and transonic velocities. The column density of the CNM part is on the order of 10(20) to 10(21) cm(-2). The column density of molecular hydrogen, traced by (CO)-C-13, is an order of magnitude higher. The N-PDFs from HISA (CNM), HI emission (the warm and cold neutral medium), and (CO)-C-13 (molecular component) are well described by log-normal functions, which is in agreement with turbulent motions being the main driver of cloud dynamics. The N-PDF of the molecular component also shows a power law in the high column-density region, indicating self-gravity. We suggest that we are witnessing two different evolutionary stages within the filament. The eastern subregion seems to be forming a molecular cloud out of the atomic gas, whereas the western subregion already shows high column density peaks, active star formation, and evidence of related feedback processes.
|
|
| 30. |
- Abdesselam, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Boosted objects : a probe of beyond the standard model physics
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:6, s. 1661-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the report of the hadronic working group of the BOOST2010 workshop held at the University of Oxford in June 2010. The first part contains a review of the potential of hadronic decays of highly boosted particles as an aid for discovery at the LHC and a discussion of the status of tools developed to meet the challenge of reconstructing and isolating these topologies. In the second part, we present new results comparing the performance of jet grooming techniques and top tagging algorithms on a common set of benchmark channels. We also study the sensitivity of jet substructure observables to the uncertainties in Monte Carlo predictions.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Bribiesca-Contreras, G., et al.
(författare)
-
Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Zookeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :1113, s. 1-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest in the exploitation of deep-sea mineral deposits, particularly on the abyssal seafloor of the central Pacific Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), which is rich in polymetallic nodules. In order to effectively manage potential exploitation activities, a thorough understanding of the biodiversity, community structure, species ranges, connectivity, and ecosystem functions across a range of scales is needed. The benthic megafauna plays an important role in the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems and represents an important component of the biodiversity. While megafaunal surveys using video and still images have provided insight into CCZ biodiversity, the collection of faunal samples is needed to confirm are very rarely carried out. Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle, 55 specimens of benthic megafauna were-collected from seamounts and abyssal plains in three Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI 1, APEI 4, and APEI 7) at 3100-5100 m depth in the western CCZ. Using both morphological and molecular evidence, 48 different morphotypes belonging to five phyla were found, only nine referrable to known species, and 39 species potentially new to science. This work highlights the need for detailed taxonomic studies incorporating genetic data, not only within the CCZ, but in other bathyal, abyssal, and hadal regions, as representative genetic reference libraries that could facilitate the generation of species inventories.
|
|
| 33. |
- Glover, AG, et al.
(författare)
-
The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Research Ideas and Outcomes. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-7163. ; 2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Recent years have seen a rapid increase in survey and sampling expeditions to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) abyssal plain, a vast area of the central Pacific that is currently being actively explored for deep-sea minerals (ISA, 2016). Critical to the development of evidence-based environmental policy in the CCZ are data on the biogeography and connectivity of species at a CCZ-regional level. New information The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the CCZ was convened to support the integration and synthesis of data from European Union (EU) CCZ projects, supported by the EU Managing Impacts of Deep-Sea Resource Exploitation (MIDAS) and EU Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans (JPI Oceans) projects. The London Workshop had three clear goals: (1) To explore, review and synthesise the latest molecular biogeography and connectivity data from across recent CCZ cruises from both contractor and academia-funded projects; (2) To develop complementary and collaborative institutional and program-based academic publication plans to avoid duplication of effort and ensure maximum collaborative impact; (3) To plan a joint synthetic data publication highlighting key results from a range of planned molecular biogeography/connectivity publications. 32 participants attended the workshop at the Natural History Museum in London from 10-12 May 2016. Presentations and discussions are summarised in this report covering (1) overviews of current CCZ environmental projects, (2) policy and industry perspectives, (3) synthesis of DNA taxonomy and biogeography studies, (4) summaries of the latest population genetic studies, (5) summaries of the latest broader morphological context, (6) an overview of publication and proposal plans to maximise collaborative opportunities and finally a series of workshop recommendations.
|
|
| 34. |
- Glover, T.E., Ackerman, G.D., Belkacem, A., Heimann, P.A., Hussain, Z., Padmore, H.A., Ray, C., Schoenlein, R.W., Steele, W.F., Young, D.A., Lee, R.W.
(författare)
-
Metal-insulator transitions in an expanding metallic fluid: particle formation kinetics.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. ; 90, s. 36102/1-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 35. |
- Gruhl, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Ultrafast structural changes direct the first molecular events of vision
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 615, s. 939-944
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vision is initiated by the rhodopsin family of light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)(1). A photon is absorbed by the 11-cis retinal chromophore of rhodopsin, which isomerizes within 200 femtoseconds to the all-trans conformation(2), thereby initiating the cellular signal transduction processes that ultimately lead to vision. However, the intramolecular mechanism by which the photoactivated retinal induces the activation events inside rhodopsin remains experimentally unclear. Here we use ultrafast time-resolved crystallography at room temperature(3) to determine how an isomerized twisted all-trans retinal stores the photon energy that is required to initiate the protein conformational changes associated with the formation of the G protein-binding signalling state. The distorted retinal at a 1-ps time delay after photoactivation has pulled away from half of its numerous interactions with its binding pocket, and the excess of the photon energy is released through an anisotropic protein breathing motion in the direction of the extracellular space. Notably, the very early structural motions in the protein side chains of rhodopsin appear in regions that are involved in later stages of the conserved class A GPCR activation mechanism. Our study sheds light on the earliest stages of vision in vertebrates and points to fundamental aspects of the molecular mechanisms of agonist-mediated GPCR activation.
|
|
| 36. |
- Jenkins, D. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Proof-of-principle for fast neutron detection with advanced tracking arrays of highly segmented germanium detectors
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 602:2, s. 457-460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in germanium detector technology have promised much higher efficiency for gamma-ray detection through tracking the interaction of 7-rays in the crystal using pulse shape analysis. We present a related approach where the unique characteristics of the excitation and delayed decay of the excited 0(+) state in Ge-72 within a highly segmented germanium detector may be used as a very sensitive tag for fast neutrons by making use of pulse shape analysis. A proof-of-principle of this technique is presented and an efficiency for fast neutrons of up to 1.5% for a 4 pi tracking array is deduced, Neutron interactions may be localised with the unprecedentedly high angular resolution of 0.5 degrees for a compact (20-cm radius) array. The application of these properties as a novel approach to a broad class of important transfer reactions such as (d,n) and (He-3,n) is presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 37. |
- Jones, Daniel O.B., et al.
(författare)
-
Environment, ecology, and potential effectiveness of an area protected from deep-sea mining (Clarion Clipperton Zone, abyssal Pacific)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Progress in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611. ; 197:September-October 2021
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To protect the range of habitats, species, and ecosystem functions in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a region of interest for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining in the Pacific, nine Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEIs) have been designated by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). The APEIs are remote, rarely visited and poorly understood. Here we present and synthesise all available observations made at APEI-6, the most north eastern APEI in the network, and assess its representativity of mining contract areas in the eastern CCZ. The two studied regions of APEI-6 have a variable morphology, typical of the CCZ, with hills, plains and occasional seamounts. The seafloor is predominantly covered by fine-grained sediments, and includes small but abundant polymetallic nodules, as well as exposed bedrock. The oceanographic parameters investigated appear broadly similar across the region although some differences in deep-water mass separation were evident between APEI-6 and some contract areas. Sediment biogeochemistry is broadly similar across the area in the parameters investigated, except for oxygen penetration depth, which reached >2 m at the study sites within APEI-6, deeper than that found at UK1 and GSR contract areas. The ecology of study sites in APEI-6 differs from that reported from UK1 and TOML-D contract areas, with differences in community composition of microbes, macrofauna, xenophyophores and metazoan megafauna. Some species were shared between areas although connectivity appears limited. We show that, from the available information, APEI-6 is partially representative of the exploration areas to the south yet is distinctly different in several key characteristics. As a result, additional APEIs may be warranted and caution may need to be taken in relying on the APEI network alone for conservation, with other management activities required to help mitigate the impacts of mining in the CCZ.
|
|
| 38. |
- Panchuelo, R. M. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping quantal touch using 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-unit intraneural microstimulation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Elife. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using ultra-high field 7 Tesla (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we map the cortical and perceptual responses elicited by intraneural microstimulation (INMS) of single mechanoreceptive afferent units in the median nerve, in humans. Activations are compared to those produced by applying vibrotactile stimulation to the unit's receptive field, and unit-type perceptual reports are analyzed. We show that INMS and vibrotactile stimulation engage overlapping areas within the topographically appropriate digit representation in the primary somatosensory cortex. Additional brain regions in bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula and posterior parietal cortex, as well as in contralateral prefrontal cortex are also shown to be activated in response to INMS. The combination of INMS and 7T fMRI opens up an unprecedented opportunity to bridge the gap between first-order mechanoreceptive afferent input codes and their spatial, dynamic and perceptual representations in human cortex.
|
|
| 39. |
- Rojo, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Deletion of a Csf1r enhancer selectively impacts CSF1R expression and development of tissue macrophage populations
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 3215-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proliferation, differentiation and survival of mononuclear phagocytes depend on signals from the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF1R. The mammalian Csf1r locus contains a highly conserved super-enhancer, the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE). Here we show that genomic deletion of FIRE in mice selectively impacts CSF1R expression and tissue macrophage development in specific tissues. Deletion of FIRE ablates macrophage development from murine embryonic stem cells. Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice lack macrophages in the embryo, brain microglia and resident macrophages in the skin, kidney, heart and peritoneum. The homeostasis of other macrophage populations and monocytes is unaffected, but monocytes and their progenitors in bone marrow lack surface CSF1R. Finally, Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice are healthy and fertile without the growth, neurological or developmental abnormalities reported in Csf1r−/− rodents. Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice thus provide a model to explore the homeostatic, physiological and immunological functions of tissue-specific macrophage populations in adult animals.
|
|
| 40. |
- Schneider, Henning, et al.
(författare)
-
Ex vivo dual perfusion of an isolated human placenta cotyledon : Towards protocol standardization and improved inter-centre comparability
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Placenta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4004. ; 126, s. 83-89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the full development of the ex vivo dual perfusion model of the human placenta cotyledon, the technique has provided essential insight into how nutrients, lipids, gases, immunoglobulins, endocrine agents, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, nanoparticles, micro-organisms and parasites might traverse the maternofetal barrier. Additionally, the model has been instrumental in gaining a better understanding of the regulation of vascular tone, endocrinology and metabolism within this organ. The human placenta is unique amongst species in its anatomy and transfer modalities. This orthologous diversity therefore requires an appropriate consideration of placental transfer rates of compounds, particles and micro-organisms specific to humans. Different research centres have adapted this model with a wide variation in perfusion parameters, including in the establishment of perfusion, perfusate composition, gassing regime, cannulation method, flow rates, perfused tissue mass, and also in the application of quality control measures. The requirement to harmonise and standardise perfusion practice between centres is largely driven by the need to obtain consistency in our understanding of placental function, but also in the qualification of the model for acceptance by regulatory agencies in drug and toxicology testing. A pilot study is proposed, aiming to describe how existing inter-centre variation in perfusion methodology affects placental metabolism, protein synthesis, oxygen consumption, the materno-fetal transfer of key molecular markers, and placental structure.
|
|
| 41. |
- Shackleton, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Improving rates of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in New Zealand 4-year-old children in 2010-2016
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : WILEY. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 13:12, s. 766-777
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Prevalence of childhood obesity is high in developed countries, and there is a growing concern regarding increasing socio-economic disparities. Objectives To assess trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity among New Zealand 4-year olds, and whether these differ by socio-economic and ethnic groupings. Methods A national screening programme, the B4 School Check, collected height and weight data for 75-92% of New Zealand 4-year-old children (n = 317 298) between July 2010 and June 2016. Children at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentile for age and sex adjusted body mass index (according to World Health Organization standards) were classified as overweight, obese and extremely obese, respectively. Prevalence rates across 6 years (2010/11 to 2015/16) were examined by sex, across quintiles of socio-economic deprivation, and by ethnicity. Results The prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity decreased by 2.2 [95% CI, 1.8-2.5], 2.0 [1.8-2.2] and 0.6 [0.4-0.6] percentage points, respectively, between 2010/2011 and 2015/2016. The downward trends in overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in the population persisted after adjustment for sex, ethnicity, deprivation and urban/rural residence. Downward trends were also observed across sex, ethnicity and deprivation groups. Conclusions The prevalence of obesity appears to be declining in 4-year-old children in New Zealand across all socio-economic and ethnic groups.
|
|
| 42. |
- Soler, J. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Histogram of oriented gradients: a technique for the study of molecular cloud formation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 622
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), a tool developed for machine vision that we propose as a new metric for the systematic characterization of spectral line observations of atomic and molecular gas and the study of molecular cloud formation models. In essence, the HOG technique takes as input extended spectral-line observations from two tracers and provides an estimate of their spatial correlation across velocity channels. We characterized HOG using synthetic observations of HI and (CO)-C-13(J = 1 -> 0) emission from numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence leading to the formation of molecular gas after the collision of two atomic clouds. We found a significant spatial correlation between the two tracers in velocity channels where v(HI) approximate to v(13CO), almost independent of the orientation of the collision with respect to the line of sight. Subsequently, we used HOG to investigate the spatial correlation of the HI, from The HI/OH/recombination line survey of the inner Milky Way (THOR), and the (CO)-C-13(J = 1 -> 0) emission from the Galactic Ring Survey (GRS), toward the portion of the Galactic plane 33.degrees 75 <= l <= 35.degrees 25 and vertical bar b vertical bar <= 1.degrees 25. We found a significant spatial correlation between the two tracers in extended portions of the studied region. Although some of the regions with high spatial correlation are associated with HI self-absorption (HISA) features, suggesting that it is produced by the cold atomic gas, the correlation is not exclusive to this kind of region. The HOG results derived for the observational data indicate significant differences between individual regions: some show spatial correlation in channels around v(HI) approximate to v(13CO) while others present spatial correlations in velocity channels separated by a few kilometers per second. We associate these velocity offsets to the effect of feedback and to the presence of physical conditions that are not included in the atomic-cloud-collision simulations, such as more general magnetic field configurations, shear, and global gas infall.
|
|
| 43. |
- Stewart, Eva C.D., et al.
(författare)
-
Biodiversity, biogeography, and connectivity of polychaetes in the world's largest marine minerals exploration frontier
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Diversity and Distributions. - : Wiley. - 1366-9516 .- 1472-4642. ; 29:6, s. 727-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), Pacific Ocean, is an area of commercial importance owing to the growing interest in mining high-grade polymetallic nodules at the seafloor for battery metals. Research into the spatial patterns of faunal diversity, composition, and population connectivity is needed to better understand the ecological impacts of potential resource extraction. Here, a DNA taxonomy approach is used to investigate regional-scale patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity, and genetic connectivity, of the dominant macrofaunal group (annelids) across a 6 million km2 region of the abyssal seafloor. Location: The abyssal seafloor (3932–5055 m depth) of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, equatorial Pacific Ocean. Methods: We used a combination of new and published barcode data to study 1866 polychaete specimens using molecular species delimitation. Both phylogenetic and taxonomic alpha and beta diversity metrics were used to analyse spatial patterns of biodiversity. Connectivity analyses were based on haplotype distributions for a subset of the studied taxa. Results: DNA taxonomy identified 291–314 polychaete species from the COI and 16S datasets respectively. Taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity between sites were relatively high and mostly explained by lineage turnover. Over half of pairwise comparisons were more phylogenetically distinct than expected based on their taxonomic diversity. Connectivity analyses in abundant, broadly distributed taxa suggest an absence of genetic structuring driven by geographical location. Main Conclusions: Species diversity in abyssal Pacific polychaetes is high relative to other deep-sea regions. Results suggest that environmental filtering, where the environment selects against certain species, may play a significant role in regulating spatial patterns of biodiversity in the CCZ. A core group of widespread species have diverse haplotypes but are well connected over broad distances. Our data suggest that the high environmental and faunal heterogeneity of the CCZ should be considered in future policy decisions.
|
|
| 44. |
- Tudor-Locke, Catrine, et al.
(författare)
-
BMI referenced cut points for pedometer determined steps/day in adults
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity and Health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 5:Suppl 1, s. 126-139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The goal of this study was to establish preliminary criterion-referenced cut points for adult pedometer-determined physical activity (PA) related to weight status defined by body mass index (BMI).Methods:Researchers contributed directly measured BMI and pedometer data that had been collected (1) using a Yamax-manufactured pedometer, (2) for a minimum of 3 days, (3) on ostensibly healthy adults. The contrasting groups method was used to identify age- and gender-specific cut points for steps/d related to BMI cut points for normal weight and overweight/obesity (defined as BMI <25 and ≥25 kg/m2, respectively).Results:Data included 3127 individuals age 18 to 94 years (976 men, age = 46.8 ± 15.4 years, BMI = 27.3 ± 4.9; 2151 women, age = 47.4 ± 14.9 years, BMI = 27.6 ± 6.4; all gender differences NS). Best estimated cut points for normal versus overweight/obesity ranged from 11,000 to 12,000 steps/d for men and 8000 to 12,000 steps/d for women (consistently higher for younger age groups).Conclusions:These steps/d cut points can be used to identify individuals at risk, or the proportion of adults achieving or falling short of set cut points can be reported and compared between populations. Cut points can also be used to set intervention goals, and they can be referred to when evaluating program impact, as well as environmental and policy changes.
|
|
| 45. |
- Tudor-Locke, C, et al.
(författare)
-
BMI-referenced cut points for pedometer-determined steps per day in adults.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of physical activity & health. - 1543-3080. ; 5 Suppl 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of this study was to establish preliminary criterion-referenced cut points for adult pedometer-determined physical activity (PA) related to weight status defined by body mass index (BMI).
|
|
| 46. |
- Wiklund, Helena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Checklist of newly-vouchered annelid taxa from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean, based on morphology and genetic delimitation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Biodiversity Data Journal. - 1314-2836. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We present a checklist of annelids from recent United Kingdom Seabed Resources (UKSR) expeditions (Abyssal Baseline -ABYSSLINE project) to the eastern abyssal Pacific Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) polymetallic nodule fields, based on DNA species delimitation, including imagery of voucher specimens, Darwin Core (DwC) data and links to vouchered specimen material and new GenBank sequence records. This paper includes genetic and imagery data for 129 species of annelids from 339 records and is restricted to & COPY; Wiklund H et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. material that is, in general, in too poor a condition to describe formally at this time, but likely contains many species new to science. We make these data available both to aid future taxonomic studies in the CCZ that will be able to link back to these genetic data and specimens and to better underpin ongoing ecological studies of potential deep-sea mining impacts using the principles of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusuable) data and specimens that will be available for all. New information We include genetic, imagery and all associated metadata in Darwin Core format for 129 species of annelids from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, eastern abyssal Pacific, with 339 records.
|
|
| 47. |
- Wiklund, Helena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Systematics and biodiversity of Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) with descriptions of six new species from deep-sea whale-fall and wood-fall habitats in the north-east Pacific
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 10:2, s. 243-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six new Ophryotrocha species are described from five whale-falls and two wood-falls off the southern Californian coast. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear gene H3 and the mitochondrial genes COI and 16S using MrBayes and maximum likelihood analyses were performed on 40 dorvilleid taxa and one outgroup. Ophryotrocha batillus sp. nov. is morphologically identical to Ophryotrocha scutellus described from a shallow water whale-fall in the North Atlantic, although the two cryptic species differ genetically. Ophryotrocha langstrumpae sp. nov. is closely related in the molecular phylogenetic analyses to these two sibling species. Ophryotrocha flabella sp. nov. is similar to Ophryotrocha globopalpata, and although there are a few morphological differences, the genetic divergence is low between the two species. Ophryotrocha nauarchus sp. nov. is sexually dimorphic, with males having appendages on the first chaetiger. Ophryotrocha magnadentata sp. nov. and Ophryotrocha longicollaris sp. nov. are sister species in our molecular analyses, and together with O. nauarchus sp. nov. and O. flabella sp. nov. they fall within a clade that includes O. globopalpata and Exallopus jumarsi described from hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean and Ophryotrocha longidentata from the shallow North Atlantic. Our results highlight the remarkable unknown diversity of deep-water habitats and the role of chemosynthetic ecosystems in the evolution of deep-sea life.
|
|
| 48. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 49. |
- Anderung, C., et al.
(författare)
-
A Swedish subfossil find of a bowhead whale from the late Pleistocene: shore displacement, paleoecology in south-west Sweden and the identity of the Swedenborg whale (Balaena swedenborgii Liljeborg, 1867)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Historical Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-2963 .- 1029-2381. ; 26:1, s. 58-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedenborg whale Balaena swedenborgii Liljeborg, 1867, is a baleen whale species believed to have existed in the North Sea from the period when the inland ice melted around 13,000 before present (BP) until about 8000 years ago. The first bones attributed to this species were found in Sweden in 1705. When whale remains were discovered on the Swedish west coast during the extension work of a motorway extension, it was speculated that this could be a specimen of the extinct Swedenborg whale. The bones were found 72m above the present-day sea level embedded in glacial mud. Shelly remains of marine organisms were present in the deposit surrounding the whale-fall, and sediments with the associated specimens were therefore collected for further analyses. We applied radiocarbon dating, thin sectioning, morphological analyses, ancient DNA typing and analyses of the associated shelly assemblage in an interdisciplinary effort to understand the circumstances of this fossil whale-fall. Our results show that the whale is not the putative species B. swedenborgii, but a bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus. The results also indicate that the whale must have been rapidly covered by glacial sediments, highlighting the speed of the deglacial process in the area.
|
|
| 50. |
- Beuther, H., et al.
(författare)
-
OH maser emission in the THOR survey of the northern Milky Way
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 628
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. OH masers trace diverse physical processes, from the expanding envelopes around evolved stars to star-forming regions or supernovae remnants. Providing a survey of the ground-state OH maser transitions in the northern hemisphere inner Milky Way facilitates the study of a broad range of scientific topics. Aims. We want to identify the ground-state OH masers at similar to 18 cm wavelength in the area covered by The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the Milky Way (THOR). We will present a catalogue of all OH maser features and their possible associated environments. Methods. The THOR survey covers longitude and latitude ranges of 14 degrees.3 < l < 66 degrees.8 and b < +/- 1 degrees.25. All OH ground state lines (2)Pi(3/2) (J = 3/2) at 1612 (F = 1-2), 1665 (F = 1-1), 1667 (F = 2-2) and 1720 MHz (F = 2-1) have been observed, employing the Very Large Array (VLA) in its C configuration. The spatial resolution of the data varies between 12.5 '' and 19 '', the spectral resolution is 1.5 km s(-1), and the rms sensitivity of the data is similar to 10 mJy beam(-1) per channel. Results. We identify 1585 individual maser spots (corresponding to single spectral features) distributed over 807 maser sites (regions of size similar to 10(3)-10(4) AU). Based on different criteria from spectral profiles to literature comparison, we try to associate the maser sites with astrophysical source types. Approximately 51% of the sites exhibit the double-horned 1612 MHz spectra typically emitted from the expanding shells of evolved stars. The separations of the two main velocity features of the expanding shells typically vary between 22 and 38 km s(-1). In addition to this, at least 20% of the maser sites are associated with star-forming regions. While the largest fraction of 1720 MHz maser spots (21 out of 53) is associated with supernova remnants, a significant fraction of the 1720 MHz maser spots (17) are also associated with star-forming regions. We present comparisons to the thermal (CO)-C-13(1-0) emission as well as to other surveys of class II CH3OH and H2O maser emission. The catalogue attempts to present associations to astrophysical sources where available, and the full catalogue is available in electronic form. Conclusions. This OH maser catalogue presents a unique resource of stellar and interstellar masers in the northern hemisphere. It provides the basis for a diverse range of follow-up studies from envelopes around evolved stars to star-forming regions and Supernova remnants.
|
|
