| 1. |
- Datta-Chaudhuri, Timir, et al.
(författare)
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The Fourth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit "Technology Targeting Molecular Mechanisms" : current progress, challenges, and charting the future
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioelectronic medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 2332-8886. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a broad and growing interest in Bioelectronic Medicine, a dynamic field that continues to generate new approaches in disease treatment. The fourth bioelectronic medicine summit "Technology targeting molecular mechanisms" took place on September 23 and 24, 2020. This virtual meeting was hosted by the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health. The summit called international attention to Bioelectronic Medicine as a platform for new developments in science, technology, and healthcare. The meeting was an arena for exchanging new ideas and seeding potential collaborations involving teams in academia and industry. The summit provided a forum for leaders in the field to discuss current progress, challenges, and future developments in Bioelectronic Medicine. The main topics discussed at the summit are outlined here.
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| 2. |
- Gryszel, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistor Platforms for Efficient Electropolymerization of Thiophene Based Oligomers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as promising candidates for various fields, including bioelectronics, neuromorphic computing, biosensors, and wearable electronics. OECTs operate in aqueous solutions, exhibit high amplification properties, and offer ion-to-electron signal transduction. The OECT channel consists of a conducting polymer, with PEDOT:PSS receiving the most attention to date. While PEDOT:PSS is highly conductive, and benefits from optimized protocols using secondary dopants and detergents, new p-type and n-type polymers are emerging with desirable material properties. Among these, low-oxidation potential oligomers are highly enabling for bioelectronics applications, however the polymers resulting from their polymerization lag far behind in conductivity compared with the established PEDOT:PSS. In this work we show that by careful design of the OECT geometrical characteristics, we can overcome this limitation and achieve devices that are on-par with transistors employing PEDOT:PSS. We demonstrate that the vertical architecture allows for facile electropolymerization of a family of trimers that are polymerized in very low oxidation potentials, without the need for harsh chemicals or secondary dopants. Vertical and planar OECTs are compared using various characterization methods. We show that vOECTs are superior platforms in general and propose that the vertical architecture can be expanded for the realization of OECTs for various applications.
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Magnus, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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In Vivo Organic Bioelectronics for Neuromodulation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemical Reviews. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0009-2665 .- 1520-6890. ; 122:4, s. 4826-4846
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nervous system poses a grand challenge for integration with modern electronics and the subsequent advances in neurobiology, neuroprosthetics, and therapy which would become possible upon such integration. Due to its extreme complexity, multifaceted signaling pathways, and similar to 1 kHz operating frequency, modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based electronics appear to be the only technology platform at hand for such integration. However, conventional CMOS-based electronics rely exclusively on electronic signaling and therefore require an additional technology platform to translate electronic signals into the language of neurobiology. Organic electronics are just such a technology platform, capable of converting electronic addressing into a variety of signals matching the endogenous signaling of the nervous system while simultaneously possessing favorable material similarities with nervous tissue. In this review, we introduce a variety of organic material platforms and signaling modalities specifically designed for this role as "translator" , focusing especially on recent implementation in in vivo neuromodulation. We hope that this review serves both as an informational resource and as an encouragement and challenge to the field.
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| 4. |
- Botzanowski, Boris, et al.
(författare)
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Noninvasive Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves using Temporally-Interfering Electrical Fields
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Healthcare Materials. - : Wiley. - 2192-2640 .- 2192-2659. ; 11:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves is a cornerstone of bioelectronic medicine. Effective ways to accomplish peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) noninvasively without surgically implanted devices are enabling for fundamental research and clinical translation. Here, it is demonstrated how relatively high-frequency sine-wave carriers (3 kHz) emitted by two pairs of cutaneous electrodes can temporally interfere at deep peripheral nerve targets. The effective stimulation frequency is equal to the offset frequency (0.5 - 4 Hz) between the two carriers. This principle of temporal interference nerve stimulation (TINS) in vivo using the murine sciatic nerve model is validated. Effective actuation is delivered at significantly lower current amplitudes than standard transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Further, how flexible and conformable on-skin multielectrode arrays can facilitate precise alignment of TINS onto a nerve is demonstrated. This method is simple, relying on the repurposing of existing clinically-approved hardware. TINS opens the possibility of precise noninvasive stimulation with depth and efficiency previously impossible with transcutaneous techniques.
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| 5. |
- Derek, Vedran, et al.
(författare)
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Micropatterning of organic electronic materials using a facile aqueous photolithographic process
- 2018
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Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 2158-3226. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterning organic semiconductors via traditional solution-based microfabrication techniques is precluded by undesired interactions between processing solvents and the organic material. Herein we show how to avoid these problems easily and introduce a simple lift-off method to pattern organic semiconductors. Positive tone resist is deposited on the substrate, followed by conventional exposure and development. After deposition of the organic semiconductor layer, the remaining photoresist is subjected to a flood exposure, rendering it developable. Lift-off is then performed using the same aqueous developer as before. We find that the aqueous developers do not compromise the integrity of the organic layer or alter its electronic performance. We utilize this technique to pattern four different organic electronic materials: epindo-lidione (EPI), a luminescent semiconductor, p-n photovoltaic bilayers of metal-free phthalocyanine and N, N-dimethyltetracarboxylic diimide, and finally the archetypical conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The result of our efforts is a facile method making use of well-established techniques that can be added to the toolbox of research and industrial scientists developing organic electronics technology. (c) 2018 Author(s).
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| 6. |
- Gablech, Imrich, et al.
(författare)
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High-Conductivity Stoichiometric Titanium Nitride for Bioelectronics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Electronic Materials. - : WILEY. - 2199-160X. ; 9:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioelectronic devices such as neural stimulation and recording devices require stable low-impedance electrode interfaces. Various forms of nitridated titanium are used in biointerface applications due to robustness and biological inertness. In this work, stoichiometric TiN thin films are fabricated using a dual Kaufman ion-beam source setup, without the necessity of substrate heating. These layers are remarkable compared to established forms of TiN due to high degree of crystallinity and excellent electrical conductivity. How this fabrication method can be extended to produce structured AlN, to yield robust AlN/TiN bilayer micropyramids, is described. These electrodes compare favorably to commercial TiN microelectrodes in the performance metrics important for bioelectronics interfaces: higher conductivity (by an order of magnitude), lower electrochemical impedance, and higher capacitive charge injection with lower faradaicity. These results demonstrate that the Kaufman ion-beam sputtering method can produce competitive nitride ceramics for bioelectronics applications at low deposition temperatures.
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| 7. |
- Gryszel, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Elevating Platinum to Volumetric Capacitance: High Surface Area Electrodes through Reactive Pt Sputtering
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Healthcare Materials. - : WILEY. - 2192-2640 .- 2192-2659.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platinum is the most widespread electrode material used for implantable biomedical and neuroelectronic devices, motivating exploring ways to improve its performance and understand its fundamental properties. Using reactive magnetron sputtering, PtOx is prepared, which upon partial reduction yields a porous thin-film form of platinum with favorable properties, notably record-low impedance values outcompeting other reports for platinum-based electrodes. It is established that its high electrochemical capacitance scales with thickness, in the way of volumetric capacitor materials like IrOx and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT. Unlike these two well-known analogs, however, it is found that PtOx capacitance is not caused by reversible pseudofaradaic reactions but rather due to high surface area. In contrast to IrOx, PtOx is not a reversible valence-change oxide, but rather a porous form of platinum. The findings show that this oxygen-containing form of Pt can place Pt electrodes on a level competitive with IrOx and PEDOT. Due to its relatively low cost and ease of preparation, PtOx can be a good choice for microfabricated bioelectronic devices. Platinum is used in many medical implants, but lags behind next-generation electrode materials in performance. How sputtered platinum oxide is a microfabricatable thin film material that provides bioelectronics electrodes with volumetric capacitance and low impedance that tweaks platinum to compete at the level of conducting polymers and IrOx is shown. image
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| 8. |
- Gryszel, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Water-Soluble Cationic Perylene Diimide Dyes as Stable Photocatalysts for H2O2 Evolution
- 2023
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Ingår i: ChemPhotoChem. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-0932. ; 7:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, has gained increasing attention in recent years, with applications ranging from solar energy conversion to biophysical research. While semiconducting solid-state materials are normally regarded as the workhorse for photogeneration of H2O2, an intriguing alternative for on-demand H2O2 is the use of photocatalytic organic dyes. Herein we report the use of water-soluble dyes based on perylene diimide molecules which behave as true molecular catalysts for the light-induced conversion of dissolved oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. In particular, we address how to obtain visible-light photocatalysts which are stable with respect to aggregation and photochemical degradation. We report on the factors affecting efficiency and stability, including variable electron donors, oxygen partial pressure, pH, and molecular catalyst structure. The result is a perylene diimide derivative with unprecedented peroxide evolution performance using a broad range of organic donor molecules and operating in a wide pH range.
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| 9. |
- Jakesova, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Optoelectronic control of single cells using organic photocapacitors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - Washington, DC, United States : American Association for the Advancement of Science (A A A S). - 2375-2548. ; 5:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical control of the electrophysiology of single cells can be a powerful tool for biomedical research and technology. Here, we report organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPCs), devices that function as extracellular capacitive electrodes for stimulating cells. OEPCs consist of transparent conductor layers covered with a donor-acceptor bilayer of organic photoconductors. This device produces an open-circuit voltage in a physiological solution of 330 mV upon illumination using light in a tissue transparency window of 630 to 660 nm. We have performed electrophysiological recordings on Xenopus laevis oocytes, finding rapid (time constants, 50 mu s to 5 ms) photoinduced transient changes in the range of 20 to 110 mV. We measure photoinduced opening of potassium channels, conclusively proving that the OEPC effectively depolarizes the cell membrane. Our results demonstrate that the OEPC can be a versatile nongenetic technique for optical manipulation of electrophysiology and currently represents one of the simplest and most stable and efficient optical stimulation solutions.
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| 10. |
- Jakešová, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless organic electronic ion pumps driven by photovoltaics
- 2019
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Ingår i: npj Flexible Electronics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2397-4621 .- 2397-4621. ; 3:1, s. 14-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an emerging bioelectronic technology for on-demand and local delivery of pharmacologically active species, especially targeting alkali ions, and neurotransmitters. While electrical control is advantageous for providing precise spatial, temporal, and quantitative delivery, traditionally, it necessitates wiring. This complicates implantation. Herein, we demonstrate integration of an OEIP with a photovoltaic driver on a flexible carrier, which can be addressed by red light within the tissue transparency window. Organic thin-film bilayer photovoltaic pixels are arranged in series and/or vertical tandem to provide the 2.5–4.5 V necessary for operating the high-resistance electrophoretic ion pumps. We demonstrate light-stimulated transport of cations, ranging in size from protons to acetylcholine. The device, laminated on top of the skin, can easily be driven with a red LED emitting through a 1.5-cm-thick finger. The end result of our work is a thin and flexible integrated wireless device platform.
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| 11. |
- Miglbauer, Eva, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Faradaic Fenton Pixel – Reactive Oxygen Species Delivery using Au/Cr Electrochemistry
- 2023
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Ingår i: ChemBioChem. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1439-4227 .- 1439-7633. ; 24:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an integral part of many anticancer therapies. Fenton-like processes involving reactions of peroxides with transition metal ions are a particularly potent and tunable subset of ROS approaches. Precise on-demand dosing of the Fenton reaction is an area of great interest. Herein, we present a concept of an electrochemical faradaic pixel which produces controlled amounts of ROS via a Fenton-like process. The pixel comprises a cathode and anode, where the cathode reduces dissolved oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The anode is made of chromium, which is electrochemically corroded to yield chromium ions. Peroxide and chromium interact to form a highly oxidizing mixture of hydroxyl radicals and hexavalent Cr-ions. After benchmarking the electrochemical properties of this type of device, we demonstrate how it can be used under in vitro conditions with a cancer cell line. The faradaic Fenton pixel is a general and scalable concept that can be used for on-demand delivery of redox-active products for controlling a physiological outcome.
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| 12. |
- Missey, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Laser-Driven Wireless Deep Brain Stimulation using Temporal Interference and Organic Electrolytic Photocapacitors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 32:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a technique commonly used both in clinical and fundamental neurosciences. Classically, brain stimulation requires an implanted and wired electrode system to deliver stimulation directly to the target area. Although techniques such as temporal interference (TI) can provide stimulation at depth without involving any implanted electrodes, these methods still rely on a wired apparatus which limits free movement. Herein organic photocapacitors as untethered light-driven electrodes which convert deep-red light into electric current are reported. Pairs of these ultrathin devices can be driven using lasers at two different frequencies to deliver stimulation at depth via temporally interfering fields. This concept of laser TI stimulation using numerical modeling, tests with phantom brain samples, and finally in vivo tests is validated. Wireless organic photocapacitors are placed on the cortex and elicit stimulation in the hippocampus, while not delivering off-target stimulation in the cortex. This laser-driven wireless TI evokes a neuronal response at depth that is comparable to control experiments induced with deep brain stimulation protocols using implanted electrodes. This work shows that a combination of these two techniques-temporal interference and organic electrolytic photocapacitors-provides a reliable way to target brain structures requiring neither deeply implanted electrodes nor tethered stimulator devices. The laser TI protocol demonstrated here addresses two of the most important drawbacks in the field of DBS and thus holds potential to solve many issues in freely moving animal experiments or for clinical chronic therapy application.
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| 13. |
- Rybakiewicz-Sekita, Renata, et al.
(författare)
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Well-defined electrochemical switching of amphiphilic glycolated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 10:45, s. 17208-17215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The approach of using polyether, aka glycol, side chains to afford amphiphilicity to conducting polymers has recently emerged as a powerful technique for next-generation materials for bioelectronics and electrochemical devices. Herein we apply this synthetic logic to the archetypical conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, to generate a glycolated PEDOT analogue, G-PEDOT. We report on the electropolymerization of this material, and its electrochemical properties: including spectroelectrochemistry, electrochemical capacitance, and operation of microelectrodes and electrochemical transistors. While in many respects performing like PEDOT, G-PEDOT has electrochemical switching within lower potentials with complete de-doping at lower potentials, affording transistors with higher on/off ratios than PEDOT, and electrochromic switching within a smaller electrochemical window. Overall, G-PEDOT emerges as a useful, functional alternative to other PEDOT derivatives, and could be a building block in copolymers.
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| 14. |
- Weclawski, Marek K., et al.
(författare)
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Biscoumarin-containing acenes as stable organic semiconductors for photocatalytic oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7488. ; 5:39, s. 20780-20788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species has been predicted to be an efficient strategy, yet few organic materials systems support these types of photochemical conversion reactions. Herein we report a simple synthetic route to yield biscoumarin-containing acenes, semiconducting small molecules with exceptional stability and tunable electrochemical and electrical properties. We find that these semiconductors are photo(electro) catalysts capable of reducing oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Visible light irradiation of thin films on insulating substrates in pure water results in H2O2 photogeneration with water as the sacrificial electron donor. Thin films on conducting substrates are robust catalytic photocathodes for producing H2O2. These semiconductor photoelectrodes retain their catalytic properties in a pH range from 2-13. Photocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic deployment of biscoumarin-containing acenes does not lead to measurable degradation. This work demonstrates a strategy to synthesize stable organic semiconductors not only suitable for thin-film electronic devices but also next-generation photocatalytic concepts.
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| 15. |
- Wu, Zhixing, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Conducting Polymer‐Based e‐Refinery for Sustainable Hydrogen Peroxide Production
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy & Environmental Materials. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2575-0356.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrocatalysis enables the industrial transition to sustainable production of chemicals using abundant precursors and electricity from renewable sources. De-centralized production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from water and oxygen of air is highly desirable for daily life and industry. We report an effective electrochemical refinery (e-refinery) for H2O2 by means of electrocatalysis-controlled comproportionation reaction (2(H)O + O -> 2(HO)), feeding pure water and oxygen only. Mesoporous nickel (II) oxide (NiO) was used as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), producing oxygen at the anode. Conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) drove the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), forming H2O2 on the cathode. The reactions were evaluated in both half-cell and device configurations. The performance of the H2O2 e-refinery, assembled on anion-exchange solid electrolyte and fed with pure water, was limited by the unbalanced ionic transport. Optimization of the operation conditions allowed a conversion efficiency of 80%.
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