| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
-
Fatty Acid Ratios in Freshwater Fish, Zooplankton and Zoobenthos - Are There Specific Optima?
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9780387886077 - 9780387893662 ; , s. 147-178
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), termed omega-3 and omega-6 in food (or here as n-3 and n-6 PUFA, respectively), are essential for all vertebrates and probably also for nearly all invertebrates. The absolute concentrations of the different PUFA are important, as is an appropriate balance between the two. The optimal ratio of n-3/n-6 is not known for most organisms but is anticipated to be more or less species-specific (Sargent et al. 1995). The three most important PUFA in vertebrates are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6). Both EPA and ARA are precursors for biologically active eicosanoids that are vital components of cell membranes and play many dynamic roles in mediating and controlling a wide array of cellular activities (Crawford et al. 1989; Harrison 1990; Henderson et al. 1996; see Chap. 9). Since n-3 and n-6 PUFA cannot be synthesized de novo by most metazoans, they must be included in the diet, either as EPA, DHA and ARA, or as their precursors, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3, precursor of EPA and DHA) and linoleic acid (LIN, 18:2n-6, precursor of ARA) (Bell et al. 1986; Sargent et al. 1995). Both ALA and LIN are produced in the thylacoid membranes of algae and plants with chlorophyll (Sargent at al. 1987).
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Angeler, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Biological responses to liming in boreal lakes: an assessment using plankton, macroinvertebrate and fish communities
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 47, s. 478-486
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>1. Biological responses to liming of acidified surface waters are equivocal and limit the overall assessment of food web responses. In this study, we analysed community structure in limed, acidified and circumneutral lakes, based on the analyses of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates (littoral, sublittoral, profundal) and fish between 2000 and 2004. We also studied associations between functional feeding groups in food webs.2. Most univariate metrics of structure and function revealed similar community attributes among lake types, suggesting that community responses to natural recovery from acidification and liming management converge with those observed in circumneutral lakes. These trends were less clear in the multivariate analyses which showed significant community differences among lake types. For phytoplankton, these patterns were partly mediated by the invasive raphidophycean flagellate Gonyostomum semen.3. The associations between functional feeding groups indicated less connectivity and food web complexity in limed lakes relative to the other lake types. We speculate that repeated lime applications comprise frequent pulse disturbances which offset the establishment of stable trophic relationships in the food webs of limed lakes.4. Synthesis and applications. The limited structural and functional food web similarity among lake types supports the argument that liming constitutes an ecosystem-level disturbance. Managers should be aware of the ecosystem impacts of altered disturbance regimes when designing their management schemes because this can influence the success of restoration programmes. Furthermore, the lack of recovery, mediated in part by species invasions, suggests that impacts derived from global change are likely to lead to novel environmental situations. This calls for adaptive management strategies where managers are challenged to tackle multiple forms of anthropogenic stress simultaneously.
|
|
| 4. |
- Angeler, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying resilience mechanisms to recurrent ecosystem perturbations
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 164, s. 231-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex nature of ecological systems limits the unambiguous determination of mechanisms that drive resilience to natural disturbance or anthropogenic stress. Using eight-year time series data from boreal lakes with and without bloom formation of an invasive alga (Gonyostomum semen, Raphidophyceae), we studied resilience of phytoplankton communities in relation to recurring bloom impacts. We first characterized phytoplankton community dynamics in both lake types using univariate metrics of community structure (evenness, species richness, biovolume and Simpson diversity). All metrics, except species richness, were substantially altered and showed an inherent stronger variability in bloom lakes relative to reference lakes. We assessed resilience mechanisms using a multivariate time series modelling technique. The models captured clear successional dynamics of the phytoplankton communities in all lakes, whereby different groups of species were substituted sequentially over the ice-free period. The models also identified that G. semen impacts in bloom lakes were only manifested within a single species group, not across species groups, highlighting the rapid renewal of the phytoplankton communities upon bloom collapse. These results provide empirical support of the cross-scale resilience model. Cross-scale resilience could provide an explanation for the paradox that similar species richnesses are seen in bloom-forming lakes and reference lakes despite the clear difference between the community features of the two different sets of lakes investigated.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Belle, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Both climate trends and short-term fluctuations affected algae-zooplankton interactions in a boreal lake during the late Holocene
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 66, s. 2076-2085
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most studies aiming to explore the response of algae and zooplankton trophic interactions to climate variability have only been focused on unidirectional and very short-term trends in temperature changes. As a result, the non-stationary aspect of climate change (warming and cooling periods, frequencies) remains completely unstudied. We studied elemental and stable isotope composition of sedimentary organic matter, photosynthetic pigments, and carbon stable isotope composition of Cladocera resting eggs in a sediment record covering the last c. 2,600 years. We examined how past climate change acting at different timescales affected algal biomass and community composition, and carbon assimilation by zooplankton in a boreal lake. Our study revealed major effects of both long-term climate trends and shorter-term fluctuations on algae-zooplankton interactions in a boreal lake. We found the main climate trends, in particular the Little Ice Age, induced algal biomass and community composition changes and drastic changes in carbon assimilation by zooplankton. Interestingly, we found that temperature fluctuations could also contribute to regulating algae-zooplankton interactions. Specifically, we observed drastic changes in sedimentary markers and stable isotope composition of zooplankton remains during the most recent period, suggesting a strong influence of ongoing anthropogenic change on algae-zooplankton interactions. Our study confirms previous findings showing close long-term linkage between the temporal dynamics of zooplankton diet and planktonic algae, and that both climate trends and short-term fluctuations are key in regulating consumer-resource trophic interactions. Novel approaches that combine high temporal resolution paleolimnological reconstructions and contemporary monitoring studies are needed to better understand climate change effects on algae-zooplankton interactions and lake food webs.
|
|
| 7. |
- Belle, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate-induced changes in carbon flows across the plant-consumer interface in a small subarctic lake
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reconstructions of past food web dynamics are necessary for better understanding long-term impacts of climate change on subarctic lakes. We studied elemental and stable isotopic composition of sedimentary organic matter, photosynthetic pigments and carbon stable isotopic composition of Daphnia (Cladocera; Crustacea) resting eggs (delta C-13(Clado)) in a sediment record from a small subarctic lake. We examined how regional climate and landscape changes over the last 5800 years affected the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous carbon transfer to zooplankton. Overall, delta C-13(Clado) values were well in line with the range of theoretical values of aquatic primary producers, confirming that zooplankton consumers in subarctic lakes, even in the long-term perspective, are mainly fuelled by autochthonous primary production. Results also revealed greater incorporations of benthic algae into zooplankton biomass in periods that had a warmer and drier climate and clearer water, whereas a colder and wetter climate and lower water transparency induced higher contributions of planktonic algae to Daphnia biomass. This study thus emphasizes long-term influence of terrestrial-aquatic linkages and in-lake processes on the functioning of subarctic lake food webs.
|
|
| 8. |
- Belle, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of temperature on food isotopic integrity and trophic fractionation in Chironomus riparius in laboratory experiments
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 847, s. 1257-1267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our experimental study was designed to assess the effects of temperature on food isotopic integrity and trophic fractionations (of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes: Delta C-13 and Delta N-15) in chironomid larvae. A laboratory experiment was run using Chironomus riparius larvae at 15, 18 and 23 degrees C, and under three pulverized food resources. There were significant changes in the stable isotopic composition of the uneaten food, revealing the difficulty of preventing food microbial degradation in rearing experiments. C/N ratios of chironomid larvae were also affected by temperature, regardless of the food resource, suggesting changes in lipid contents and associated effects on the larval delta C-13 values. Therefore, differences in calculation methods (with vs. without lipid normalizations, fresh vs. old food isotopic baselines) induced large variability in Delta C-13 and Delta N-15 values, but our trophic fractionation estimates were similar to those previously reported in literature. Therefore, we conclude that temperature is not a major driver of the variability in trophic fractionations for chironomid larvae, and stable isotope composition of aquatic consumers can be used in food webs studies under changing temperature conditions. Variability in trophic fractionation estimates should, however, be considered to avoid misinterpretations of food web structure.
|
|
| 9. |
- Belle, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Functional diversity of chironomid communities in subarctic lakes across gradients in temperature and catchment characteristics
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Limnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-8621 .- 1439-863X. ; 22, s. 5-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northern ecosystems are experiencing rapid and large-scale changes driven by accelerated warming, which have profound effects on the terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity. A comprehensive understanding of the distribution of aquatic biodiversity of subarctic ecosystems is therefore needed to better predict future trajectories of their unique biodiversity. In this study, we examined the functional diversity of chironomid communities in subarctic lakes across a 1000 m-elevation gradient, reflecting gradual changes in temperature and landscape characteristics. Using fuzzy correspondence analyses, we investigated spatial variability in trait composition of chironomid communities from 100 lakes in northern Sweden, and tested the hypotheses that (1) climate directly and indirectly shapes chironomid trait composition across the studied gradient, and (2) that generalist taxa with smaller body size and broader food preferences are more able to persist in cold environments. Our results showed that complex interplays between direct (e.g. temperature) and indirect climate processes (e.g. elevation-driven changes in vegetation/habitats) affect the functional diversity of chironomid communities. Specifically, traits such as larval size, food preference and feeding habits were well separated along the gradient, and this pattern revealed that low elevation lakes with forested catchments tended to have more sediment-feeding taxa and larger larvae than those above the tree line. As expected, food resource availability in lakes is strongly linked to vegetation composition/cover, and traits related to resource exploitation in chironomid communities are therefore well constrained by landscape characteristics. Furthermore, our findings suggested that short life cycles could facilitate the development of viable population in northern and high-elevation lakes where the short ice-free period is a limiting factor, thus contradicting patterns showing smaller organisms in warmer environments reported for other invertebrates. As a consequence of climate warming, the highest elevation lakes in subarctic landscapes will likely lose their typical cold-adapted chironomid taxa along with their functional attributes leading to potential impacts on the food web structure and the overall functioning of northern lake ecosystems.
|
|
| 10. |
- Belle, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Unravelling chironomid biodiversity response to climate change in subarctic lakes across temporal and spatial scales
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 849, s. 2621-2633
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combined paleolimnological reconstructions and space-for-time substitutions to unravel chironomid biodiversity responses to climate change in subarctic mountains across temporal and spatial scales. Using sediment records, we found that long-term temporal changes in chironomid taxonomic diversity were mainly induced by the temperature tolerance/optimum of species, while little changes in functional diversity were found due to the replacement of similar functional-type taxa within the community. Overall, paleolimnological reconstructions suggested the selection of larger chironomid species by long-term climate cooling and little changes in trophic guilds. Space-for-time substitutions showed, however that low-elevation lakes with forested have more sediment-feeding taxa and larger larvae than high-elevation lakes, thus, suggesting the selection of large chironomid morphotypes with a sediment-feeding mode under warmer climate. Space-for-time substitutions and paleolimnological reconstructions, therefore, gave contrasting results for the link between climate and functional diversity of chironomid communities, likely because space-for-time substitutions failed to match the extent of both spatial and temporal climatic gradients. We suggest that future studies must address biodiversity issues across both temporal and spatial scales as an improved understanding of biodiversity responses to climate change may help us to understand how biodiversity will be affected by ongoing and future change.
|
|
| 11. |
- Bergfur, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of nutrient enrichment on C and N stable isotope ratios of invertebrates, fish and their food resources in boreal streams
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 628, s. 67-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes are frequently used to study energy sources and food web structure in ecosystems, and more recently, to study the effects of anthropogenic stress on aquatic ecosystems. We investigated the effect of nutrient enrichment on d13C and d15N in fine (FPOM), coarse (CPOM) particulate organic matter, periphyton, invertebrates and fish in nine boreal streams in south-central Sweden. In addition, we analysed the diet of benthic consumers using stable isotope data. Increases in d15N of periphyton (R2 = 0.88), CPOM (0.78), invertebrates (0.92) and fish (0.89) were related to nutrient enrichment. In contrast, d13C signatures did not change along the nutrient gradient. Our results show that d15N has potential as a sensitive indicator of nutrient enrichment in boreal streams. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes failed to elucidate putative diets of selected aquatic consumers. Indeed, comparison of low- and high-impact sites showed that d13C of many consumers were found outside the ranges of basal resource d13C. Moreover, ranges of basal resource d13C and d15N overlapped at both low and high sites, making discrimination between the importance of allochthonous and autochthonous production difficult. Our findings show that a fractionation rate of 3.4% is not always be appropriate to assess trophic interactions, suggesting that more studies are needed on fractionation rates along gradients of impairment.
|
|
| 12. |
- Bighiu, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing microbial contamination and antibiotic resistant bacteria using zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 650, s. 2141-2149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aquatic pollution with faecal bacteria and subsequent consumption of contaminated water or food is a worldwide issue that causes severe health effects (e.g. meningitis, salmonellosis, dysentery). In addition, the excessive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry and human medicine has enhanced the selective pressure on pathogenic bacteria, further increasing human health risks and detrimental effects on natural microbial communities. This urges the need to monitor faecal contamination using a time-integrated approach, as grab water samples can miss pathogen peaks. We tested the ability of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) to take up and depurate faecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci. Furthermore, we quantified the frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria in water and mussels both in controlled laboratory tests and under in situ conditions downstream of a sewage treatment plant (STP). Laboratory results show that bacterial indicators in mussels were 132 times higher than their concentration in water, and that mussels retained bacteria up to 2 days after pulse exposure. Field results show decreasing bacterial concentrations in both water and mussels downstream the STP, with maximum E. coli concentrations ranging 173-9 cfu mL(-1) in water and 2970-330 cfu g(-1) in mussels. Similarly, enterococci ranged 59-4 cfu mL(-1) and 1450-240 cfu g(-1) in water and mussels, respectively. High proportions of antibiotic resistant E. coli were found in mussels (72%) and water (65%), and slightly lower proportion of resistant enterococci was found in mussels (47%) and in water (34%). Moreover, 33% of the bacteria isolated from mussels were resistant to multiple antibiotics, which emphasizes that resistance is a common feature in surface waters and highlights the need for safe water management. Our results show that zebra mussels provide an efficient, time-integrating tool for quantifying faecal indicators, including resistant and multidrug resistant bacteria. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 13. |
- Bighiu, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactions with freshwater biofilms cause rapid removal of common herbicides through degradation - evidence from microcosm studies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 23, s. 66-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the role of periphyton biofilms for the fate of three common herbicides, i.e. bentazone, metazachlor and metribuzin, at low, environmental levels and 100 times higher, during a 16 days laboratory experiment. We found that herbicide water concentrations were stable during the first 8 days, whereas substantial declines (>78%) occurred between days 8-16 for all three herbicides. These rapid declines were explained only to a small extent (<8% of the total herbicide loss) by biofilm sorption. As herbicide concentrations in light and dark treatments without biofilms were similar, and the applied light regimen did not cover the UV-spectrum, herbicide photolysis was ruled out as a possible explanation for the observed declines. Furthermore, based on the compounds' characteristics, also volatilization was judged negligible. Therefore, we conjecture that the observed declines in herbicides were due to biodegradation and subsequent evasion of (CO2)-C-14 that was driven by enzymatic action from heterotrophic microbes. We reason that heterotrophic microbes used herbicide molecules as labile organic C-sources during C-limitation. Future studies should identify the microbial communities and genes involved in biodegradation in order to understand better the role of biofilms for the self-purification of surface waters.
|
|
| 14. |
- Bighiu, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Limited effects of pesticides on stream macroinvertebrates, biofilm nematodes, and algae in intensive agricultural landscapes in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pesticides are frequently detected in surface waters, sometimes at levels exceeding ecotoxicological guidelines. We screened for almost 100 pesticides in 32 streams from intense agricultural areas in Southern Sweden, in concert with water chemistry parameters. In addition, we investigated the communities of benthic macroinvertebrates, biofilm nematodes and algae and calculated multiple bioassessment metrics. The number of pesticides found in each stream ranged between 2 and 52, but the sum of Toxic Units (Sigma TU) for the mixtures was generally low, and exceeded the European Uniform Principles only in a single sample for algae and in 2% of the samples for Daphnia. Only nematode communities were significantly correlated with the Sigma TU, potentially due to their higher pesticide exposure in biofilms. Diatom metrics showed that most streams were impacted by eutrophication and macroinvertebrate metrics showed good status in most streams, whereas the SPEAR(pesticides) (SPEcies At Risk) index, specifically designed to indicate pesticide effects, showed that about half of the samples were at risk. Interestingly, SPEAR(pesticides) was not correlated to Sigma TUDaphnia and this discrepancy suggests that redefining the boundaries for quality classes might be necessary for this index. Moreover, SPEAR(pesticides) was positively correlated with the commonly used macroinvertebrate index ASPT, although disparate results were found for several streams. We argue that this questions the scaling of both metrics and the specificity of their responses. We discuss that the overall good/moderate status of the streams, despite the intense agriculture in the catchments, can be due to the fact that i) a sampling strategy with repeated grab samples did not capture peak pesticide concentrations, thus underestimating acute exposure, ii) pesticide run-off indeed was low, due to measures such as buffer strips, and iii) the nutrient-rich conditions and high sediment loads counteracted pesticide toxicity. We conclude that agricultural land use was the overriding stressor in the investigated streams, including strong effects of nutrients, less apparent effects of pesticides and likely impact of hydromorphological alterations (not specifically addressed in this study). (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 15. |
- Bighiu, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Pesticide Mixtures Cause Short-Term, Reversible Effects on the Function of Autotrophic Periphyton Assemblages
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 39:7, s. 1367-1374
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a laboratory experiment we investigated the effects of pesticide mixtures on the structure and function of freshwater biofilms, with focus on their photoautotrophic component. We identified 6 herbicides and 1 fungicide commonly found in Swedish streams at relatively high concentrations and created 3 ternary mixtures that were tested in concentration series ranging from observed environmental concentrations to up to 100 times higher. Biofilms were exposed to these pesticide mixtures for 8 d and then allowed to recover for another 12 d. Our results show a rapid and consistent inhibition of photosynthesis after just 24-h exposure to the highest test concentration of pesticides, as well as in some treatments with lower concentrations (i.e., 10 times the environmental level), on exposure. Interestingly, the observed effects were reversible because biofilm photosynthesis recovered rapidly and completely in clean media in all but one treatment. In contrast to the functional response, no effects were observed on the algal assemblage structure, as assessed by diagnostic pigments. We conclude that the pesticide mixtures induce a rapid but reversible inhibition of photosynthesis, without short-term effects on biofilm structure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;00:1-8. (c) 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
|
|
| 16. |
- Bundschuh, Mirco, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of pesticide monitoring strategies in agricultural streams based on the toxic-unit concept - Experiences from long-term measurements
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 484, s. 84-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Water Framework Directive requires surface water bodies to have a good chemical and ecological status. Although relatively few pesticides are included in the list of priority pollutants, they pose, due to their intrinsic biological activity, a significant risk for the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. In this context, the pesticide (up to 128 pesticides including some transformation products) exposure pattern in four agricultural streams and two rivers was determined from 2002 to 2011 under the umbrella of the Swedish national monitoring program employing time-proportional and grab sampling strategies, respectively. After transforming the measured pesticide concentrations into toxic units, the European Uniform Principles for algae (chronic), invertebrates and fish (both acute), which are partly employed as benchmark for pesticide regulation, were only occasionally (<2%) exceeded. Moreover, this evaluation showed no long-term trends over the years. However, recent publications suggested that those thresholds are not protective for ecosystem structure and function, indicating a risk of up to 20% and 35% of the samples from the agricultural streams and the rivers, respectively. Moreover, the monitoring data show a continuous but rather low toxic potential of pesticides for all three trophic levels throughout the year, which suggests pesticides as an evolutionary force in agriculturally impacted aquatic ecosystems. However, the flow-triggered sampling, which was implemented as an additional sampling strategy in one of the agricultural streams starting in 2006, displayed an up to 7-fold underestimation of the maximum concentration in terms of toxic units for daphnids and fish during run-off events. The present study thus underpins that the optimal sampling design for pesticide monitoring strongly depends on its overall purpose. If the long-term exposure pattern is of concern a time-proportional composite sampling strategy is recommended, while for an assessment of peak exposures a flow-event-triggered high-resolution sampling strategy is superior. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 17. |
- Bundschuh, Mirco, et al.
(författare)
-
The mode of bioturbation triggers pesticide remobilization from aquatic sediments
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513 .- 1090-2414. ; 130, s. 171-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After their release into the aquatic environment, contaminants may - depending on the physicochemical properties - adsorb to sediments. From there these contaminants can either be buried or remobilised by abiotic factors (e.g., resuspension) as well as by the bioturbating activity of sediment dwelling invertebrates. Little is, however, know about the effects of bioturbation on the fate of pesticides. Therefore, the present study quantified the impact of the bioturbation mode of benthic invertebrate species (bio-diffusor vs. bio-irrigation), the invertebrate density (i.e. 0-8 individuals per replicate), and the substance inherent properties (i.e. hydrophobicity, water solubility) on the remobilization of sediment-associated pesticides in a laboratory-based set-up over 13 days. We found that both the bioturbation mode (i.e., species identity) and species density, as well as pesticide properties (i.e., hydrophobicity) affected the direction and magnitude of remobilisation of sediment-bound pesticides. The oligochaeta Lumbriculus variegatus showed a density-dependent effect on the remobilization of lindane to the water phase, whereas those with the amphipod Monoporeia affinis and larvae of the midge Chironomus riparius did not. Although these findings show that sediments not per definition are a sink for pesticides, the rates of pesticide remobilization are limited. This observation, thus, suggests that the risk for aquatic communities posed by the remobilization of pesticides from the sediment due to bioturbation is low. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.
|
|
| 18. |
- Chaguaceda, Fernando, et al.
(författare)
-
Zooplankton fatty acids across large environmental gradients in Sweden : Raw data for Chaguaceda et al (2024) Limnology & Oceanography
- 2024
-
Annan publikationabstract
- Zooplankton fatty-fatty acid data from Swedish lakes along a temperature (summer temperatures 6.8–15.9°C), water color (< 0.005–0.51 Abs420), and eutrophication ( mean TP < 1.0–42.3 μg P L−1) gradient encompassing 2002–2010 and 2020–2021 periods (n=100, N=32 lakes). The dataset is divided into two sheets: one with the fatty acid data ("Zooplankton fatty acid data"), and another with the mean lake data ("Lake data"). A third sheet ("metadata") explains the metadata and the abbreviations used in the other two sheets.
|
|
| 19. |
- Chaguaceda, Fernando, et al.
(författare)
-
Zooplankton in northern lakes show taxon-specific responses in fatty acids across climate-productivity and ecosystem size gradients
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 69, s. 947-960
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northern lakes are facing rapid environmental alterations-including warming, browning, and/or changes in nutrient concentrations-driven by climate change. These environmental changes can have profound impacts on the synthesis and trophic transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are important biochemical molecules for consumer growth and reproduction. Zooplankton are a key trophic link between phytoplankton and fish, but their biochemical responses to environmental change are not well understood. In this study, we assess the trends in fatty acid (FA) composition of zooplankton taxa among 32 subarctic and temperate lakes across broad climate-productivity and ecosystem size gradients. We found that genus-level taxonomy explained most FA variability in zooplankton (54%), suggesting that environmental changes that alter the taxonomic composition also affect the FA composition of zooplankton communities. Furthermore, the FA responses and their underlying environmental drivers differed between cladocerans and copepods. Cladocerans, including widespread Bosmina spp. and Daphnia spp., showed pronounced responses across the climate-productivity gradient, with abrupt declines in PUFA, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in warmer, browner, and more eutrophic lakes. Conversely, calanoid copepods had high and relatively stable PUFA levels across the gradient. In addition, all zooplankton taxa increased in stearidonic acid levels in larger lakes where PUFA-rich cryptophytes were more abundant. Overall, our results suggest that climate-driven environmental alterations pose heterogeneous impacts on PUFA levels among zooplankton taxa, and that the negative impacts of climate warming are stronger for cladocerans, especially so in small lakes.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Dawoud, Mohab, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactive effects of an insecticide and a fungicide on different organism groups and ecosystem functioning in a stream detrital food web
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 186, s. 215-221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freshwater ecosystems are often affected by cocktails of multiple pesticides targeting different organism groups. Prediction and evaluation of the ecosystem-level effects of these mixtures is complicated by the potential not only for interactions among the pesticides themselves, but also for the pesticides to alter biotic interactions across trophic levels. In a stream microcosm experiment, we investigated the effects of two pesticides targeting two organism groups (the insecticide lindane and fungicide azoxystrobin) on the functioning of a model stream detrital food web consisting of a detritivore (Ispoda: Asellus aquaticus) and microbes (an assemblage of fungal hyphomycetes) consuming leaf litter. We assessed how these pesticides interacted with the presence and absence of the detritivore to affect three indicators of ecosystem functioning - leaf decomposition, fungal biomass, fungal sporulation - as well as detritivore mortality. Leaf decomposition rates were more strongly impacted by the fungicide than the insecticide, reflecting especially negative effects on leaf processing by detritivores. This result most like reflects reduced fungal biomass and increased detritivore mortality under the fungicide treatment. Fungal sporulation was elevated by exposure to both the insecticide and fungicide, possibly representing a stress-induced increase in investment in propagule dispersal. Stressor interactions were apparent in the impacts of the combined pesticide treatment on fungal sporulation and detritivore mortality, which were reduced and elevated relative to the single stressor treatments, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of trophic and multiple stressor interactions to modulate the ecosystem-level impacts of chemicals, highlighting important challenges in predicting, understanding and evaluating the impacts of multiple chemical stressors on more complex food webs in situ. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 23. |
- Feckler, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure pathway-dependent effects of the fungicide epoxiconazole on a decomposer-detritivore system
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 571, s. 992-1000
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shredders play a central role in the breakdown of leaf material in aquatic systems. These organisms and the ecological function they provide may, however, be affected by chemical stressors either as a consequence of direct waterborne exposure or through alterations in food-quality (indirect pathway). To unravel the biological relevance of these effect pathways, we applied a 2 x 2-factorial test design. Leaf material was microbially colonized for 10 days in absence or presence of the fungicide epoxiconazole (15 mu g/L) and subsequently fed to the shredder Asellus aquaticus under exposure to epoxiconazole (15 mu g/L) or in fungicide-free medium over a 28-day period (n = 40). Both effect pathways caused alterations in asselids' food processing, physiological fitness, and growth, although not always statistically significantly: assimilation either increased or remained at a similar level relative to the control suggesting compensatory behavior of A. aquaticus to cope with the enhanced energy demand for detoxification processes and decreased nutritional quality of the food. The latter was driven by lowered microbial biomasses and the altered composition of fatty acids associated with the leaf material. Even with increased assimilation, direct and indirect effects caused decreases in the growth and lipid (fatty acid) content of A. aquaticus with relative effect sizes between 10 and 40%. Moreover, the concentrations of two essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e., arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) were non-significantly reduced (up to similar to 15%) in asselids. This effect was, however, independent of the exposure pathway. Although waterborne effects were generally stronger than the diet-related effects, results suggest impaired functioning of A. aquaticus via both effect pathways. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 24. |
- Feckler, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
History matters: Heterotrophic microbial community structure and function adapt to multiple stressors
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 24, s. E402-E415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem functions in streams (e.g., microbially mediated leaf litter breakdown) are threatened globally by the predicted agricultural intensification and its expansion into pristine areas, which is associated with increasing use of fertilizers and pesticides. However, the ecological consequences may depend on the disturbance history of microbial communities. To test this, we assessed the effects of fungicides and nutrients (four levels each) on the structural and functional resilience of leaf-associated microbial communities with differing disturbance histories (pristine vs. previously disturbed) in a 2x4x4-factorial design (n=6) over 21days. Microbial leaf breakdown was assessed as a functional variable, whereas structural changes were characterized by the fungal community composition, species richness, biomass, and other factors. Leaf breakdown by the pristine microbial community was reduced by up to 30% upon fungicide exposure compared with controls, whereas the previously disturbed microbial community increased leaf breakdown by up to 85%. This significant difference in the functional response increased in magnitude with increasing nutrient concentrations. A pollution-induced community tolerance in the previously disturbed microbial community, which was dominated by a few species with high breakdown efficacies, may explain the maintained function under stress. Hence, the global pressure on pristine ecosystems by agricultural expansion is expected to cause a modification in the structure and function of heterotrophic microbial communities, with microbially mediated leaf litter breakdown likely becoming more stable over time as a consequence of fungal community adaptions.
|
|
| 25. |
- Fischer, Helmut, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbial leaf degraders in boreal streams : bringing together stochastic and deterministic regulators of community composition
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 54:11, s. 2276-2289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaves that fall into the water represent a new habitat for microorganisms to colonise in streams, providing an opportunity to study colonisation and the subsequent regulation of community structure. We explored community composition of bacteria and fungi on decomposing alder leaves in nine streams in central Sweden, and describe their relationship with environmental variables. Succession of the microbial community was studied in one of the streams for 118 days. Microbial community composition was examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis on replicate samples of leaves from each stream. 2. During succession in one stream, maximum taxon richness was reached after 34 days for bacteria and 20 days for fungi respectively. Replicate samples within this stream differed between each other earlier in colonisation, while subsequently such variation among replicate communities was low and remained stable for several weeks. Replicate samples taken from all the nine streams after 34 days of succession showed striking similarities in microbial communities within-streams, although communities differed more strongly between streams. 3. Canonical analysis of microbial communities and environmental variables revealed that water chemistry had a significant influence on community composition. This influence was superimposed on a statistical relationship between the properties of stream catchments and microbial community composition. 4. The catchment regulates microbial communities in two different ways. It harbours the species pool from which the in-stream microbial community is drawn and it governs stream chemistry and the composition of organic substrates that further shape the communities. We suggest that there is a random element to colonisation early in succession, whereas other factors such as species interactions, stream chemistry and organic substrate properties, result in a more deterministic regulation of communities during later stages.
|
|
| 26. |
- Fölster, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
A Novel Environmental Quality Criterion for Acidification in Swedish Lakes - An Application of Studies on the Relationship Between Biota and Water Chemistry
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acid Rain - Deposition to Recovery. - Netherlands : Springer. - 9781402058844 ; , s. 331-338
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The recovery from acidification has led to the demand for more precise criteria for classification of acidification. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has revised Sweden's Ecological Quality Criteria for acidification to improve the correlation between the chemical acidification criteria and biological effects. This paper summarises the most relevant findings from several of the studies commissioned for this revision. The studies included data on water chemistry in 74 reference lakes in southern Sweden with data on fish in 61 of the lakes, as well as data on littoral fauna in 48 lakes. We found that the acidity variable most strongly correlated to the biota was the median pH from the current year. Our results probably do not reflect the mechanisms behind the negative effects of acidity on the biota, but are fully relevant for evaluation of monitoring data. The biogeochemical models used for predicting acidification reference conditions generate a pre-industrial buffering capacity. In order to get an ecologically more relevant criteria for acidification based on pH, we transferred the estimated change in buffering capacity into a corresponding change in pH. A change of 0.4 units was defined as the threshold for acidification. With this criterion a considerably lower number of Swedish lakes were classified as acidified when compared with the present Ecological Quality Criteria.
|
|
| 27. |
- Fölster, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
A Novel Environmental Quality Criterion for Acidification in Swedish Lakes – An Application of Studies on the Relationship Between Biota and Water Chemistry
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1567-7230 .- 1573-2940. ; 7:1-3, s. 331-338
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recovery from acidification has led to the demand for more precise criteria for classification of acidification. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has revised Sweden’s Ecological Quality Criteria for acidification to improve the correlation between the chemical acidification criteria and biological effects. This paper summarises the most relevant findings from several of the studies commissioned for this revision. The studies included data on water chemistry in 74 reference lakes in southern Sweden with data on fish in 61 of the lakes, as well as data on littoral fauna in 48 lakes. We found that the acidity variable most strongly correlated to the biota was the median pH from the current year. Our results probably do not reflect the mechanisms behind the negative effects of acidity on the biota, but are fully relevant for evaluation of monitoring data. The biogeochemical models used for predicting acidification reference conditions generate a pre-industrial buffering capacity. In order to get an ecologically more relevant criteria for acidification based on pH, we transferred the estimated change in buffering capacity into a corresponding change in pH. A change of 0.4 units was defined as the threshold for acidification. With this criterion a considerably lower number of Swedish lakes were classified as acidified when compared with the present Ecological Quality Criteria.
|
|
| 28. |
- Fölster, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
Responses of benthic invertebrates to chemical recovery from acidification
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report provides an assessment of biological recovery from acidification in freshwater environments in Europe. The report consists of two parts, a regional data analysis based on an international dataset of biological and water chemical records, and a collection of national contributions on monitoring and assessment of biological recovery in different countries. The regional analysis showed that 47% of all included rivers (21 sites, for the period 1994-2018) and 35% percent of all lakes (34 sites, for the period 2000 to 2018) showed significant increases in species richness. Correlations between species diversity and water chemical components (ANC, pH, SO4) were found, supporting that the biological responses were related to chemical recovery. Additionally, the composition of functional traits in rivers underwent significant changes over time. Both parts of the report demonstrate ongoing biological recovery from acidification in European acid-sensitive freshwater environments.
|
|
| 29. |
- Gardeström, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Disturbance history influences stressor impacts : effects of a fungicide and nutrients on microbial diversity and litter decomposition
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 61:12, s. 2171-2184
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streams draining agricultural catchments are severely degraded by multiple stressors, including nutrient enrichment and pesticides. The understanding of how such stressors interact to alter ecosystem structure and function, and how responses of biota reflect their longer-term disturbance history, remains limited. We conducted a multifactorial stream microcosm experiment to investigate how elevated nutrients and a fungicide (azoxystrobin) interact to affect multiple variables associated with leaf decomposition: the biomass, sporulation rate and diversity of aquatic hyphomycete decomposers, litter decomposition rates and detritivore growth. We further manipulated decomposer species composition by using three distinct fungal assemblages drawn from streams with contrasting histories of agricultural disturbance: a forest stream, a mixed land-use stream subject to nutrient enrichment but little pesticide use, and an agricultural stream subjected to both intensive nutrient and pesticide use. We also varied the presence of the detritivorous isopod Asellus aquaticus. The fungicide azoxystrobin reduced both biomass and diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes and growth of A.aquaticus, and had negative knock-on effects on leaf decomposition and fungal sporulation. These impacts further varied with nutrient concentration. Impacts of the fungicide differed markedly among the three fungal assemblages. The agricultural assemblages were dominated by tolerant species and showed some capacity for maintaining processes under pesticide exposure, whereas diversity and functioning were strongly suppressed in the forest stream assemblage, which was dominated by stress-intolerant species. Pesticides, in interaction with other agricultural stressors, can impact microbial diversity and key ecosystem processes underlying the delivery of ecosystem services from streams. The extent of such impacts vary according to the longer-term disturbance history of the biota, and might be most acute when agricultural activity expands into previously uncultivated catchments, as is currently occurring in many regions of the world.
|
|
| 30. |
- Goedkoop, Willem
(författare)
-
Abruptly and irreversibly changing Arctic freshwaters urgently require standardized monitoring
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arctic regions support a wide variety of freshwater ecosystems. These naturally oligotrophic and cold-water streams, rivers, ponds and lakes are currently being impacted by a diverse range of anthropogenic pressures, such as accelerated climate change, permafrost thaw, land-use change, eutrophication, brownification and the replacement of northern biota with the range expansion of more southern species.Multiple stressors are rapidly changing Arctic freshwater systems as aquatic habitats are becoming more suitable for species originating from more southerly regions and thereby threatening biota adapted to cold waters. The livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples of the north will be altered when ecosystem services associated with changes in biodiversity are affected. Unfortunately, monitoring of biodiversity change in Arctic freshwaters is currently inadequate, making it difficult, if not impossible, to predict changes in ecosystem services.Synthesis and applications. We propose a three-step approach to better address and facilitate monitoring of the rapid ecological changes that Arctic freshwater ecosystems are currently experiencing as a result of climate change. First, we should increase our efforts in the monitoring of freshwaters across all Arctic countries by setting up a network of monitoring sites and devoting more effort to a broad-scale baseline survey using standardized methods. Second, we should enhance modelling efforts to include both ecological change and socio-economic development. These models should help pinpoint species, ecosystems and geographical areas that are likely to show abrupt changes in response to any changes. Third, we should increase interaction among scientists, policymakers and different stakeholder groups. In particular, Indigenous Peoples must be involved in the leadership, planning and execution of monitoring and assessment activities of Arctic freshwaters. The proposed approach, which is critical to detecting the effects of climate change in the circumpolar region, has broader applications for global coordination of Arctic freshwater biomonitoring. Through routine monitoring, standardization of methods, enhanced modelling of integrated scientific and socio-economic change, and increased collaboration within and among sectors, more effective monitoring and management of climate change impacts on freshwater biodiversity will be possible in the Arctic and globally.
|
|
| 31. |
- Goedkoop, Willem
(författare)
-
Arctic freshwater biodiversity: Establishing baselines, trends, and drivers of ecological change
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 67, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is predicted to have dramatic effects on Arctic freshwater ecosystems through changes to the abiotic template that are expected to influence biodiversity. Changes are already ongoing in Arctic systems, but there is a lack of coordinated monitoring of Arctic freshwaters that hinders our ability to assess changes in biodiversity. To address the need for coordinated monitoring on a circumpolar scale, the Arctic Council working group, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, established the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program, which is an adaptive monitoring program for the Arctic centred around four ecosystem themes (i.e., Freshwater, Terrestrial, Coastal, Marine). The freshwater theme developed a monitoring plan for Arctic freshwater biodiversity and recently completed the first assessment of status and trends in Arctic freshwater biodiversity. Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program-Freshwater has compiled and analysed a database of Arctic freshwater monitoring data to form the first report of the state of circumpolar Arctic freshwater biodiversity. This special issue presents the scientific analyses that underlie the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program-Freshwater report and provides analyses of spatial and temporal diversity patterns and the multiple-stressor scenarios that act on the biological assemblages and biogeochemistry of Arctic lakes and rivers. This special issue includes regional patterns for selected groups of organisms in Arctic rivers and lakes of northern Europe, Russia, and North America. Circumpolar assessments for benthic diatoms, macrophytes, plankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish demonstrate how climate change and associated environmental drivers affect freshwater biodiversity. Also included are papers on spatial and temporal trends in water chemistry across the circumpolar region, and a systematic review of documented Indigenous Knowledge that demonstrates its potential to support assessment and conservation of Arctic freshwaters. This special issue includes the first circumpolar assessment of trends in Arctic freshwater biodiversity and provides important baseline information for future assessments and studies. It represents the largest compilation and assessment of Arctic freshwater biodiversity data to date and strives to provide a holistic view of ongoing change in these ecosystems to support future monitoring efforts. By identifying gaps in monitoring data across the circumpolar region, as well as identifying best practices for monitoring and assessment, this special issue presents an important resource for researchers, policy makers, and Indigenous and local communities that can support future assessments of ecosystem change.
|
|
| 32. |
- Goedkoop, Willem, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the effects of field-relevant pesticide mixtures for their compliance with the concentration addition model - An experimental approach with Daphnia magna
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 644, s. 342-349
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental risk assessment of pesticides is mainly performed on individual active ingredients. In surface waters within the agricultural landscape, however, contamination is usually characterized by complex pesticide mixtures. To estimate the joint effects caused by these complex mixtures, mathematical models have been proposed. Among these, the model of concentration addition (CA) is suggested as default model for the risk assessment of chemical mixtures as it is considered protective for mixtures composed of similar and dissimilar acting substances. Here we assessed the suitability of CA predictions for seven field relevant pesticide mixtures using acute (immobility) and chronic (reproduction) responses of the standard test species Daphnia magna. Pesticide mixtures indicated largely additive or less than additive effects when using CA model predictions as a reference. Moreover, we revealed that deviations from CA predictions are lower for chronic (up to 3.2-fold) relative to acute (up to 7.2-fold) response variables. Additionally, CA predictions were in general more accurate for complex mixtures relative to those composed of only a few pesticides. Thus, this study suggests CA models as largely protective for the risk assessment of pesticide mixtures justifying its use as default model. At the same time, extrapolating conclusions about the joint effects of pesticides from acute to chronic responses is uncertain, due to partly large discrepancies with regards to the deviation of model prediction and observed effects between exposure scenarios. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 33. |
- Goedkoop, Willem, et al.
(författare)
-
Biologisk karaktärisering av bäckar i typområden jordbruksmark
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet (kontraktnr. 222 0742) omfattar standardiserad provtagning av fastsittande kiselalger, bottenfauna och fisk (elfiske), taxonomiska analys och bedömning med nya bedömningsgrunderna för dessa kvalitetsfaktorer för vattendragen i typområden jordbruksmark (8 intensivområden). Även en bedömning av vattenkemi ingår i uppdraget. Syftet med uppdraget är att genom analys av påväxtalger, bottenfauna och fisksamhället och en bedömning med nya bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet göra en karaktärisering och analys av ekologisk status för vattendragen i typområden jordbruksmark (8 intensivområden).
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Goedkoop, Willem, et al.
(författare)
-
CAFF Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program State of Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arctic freshwater ecosystems (lakes, rivers, and associated wetlands) are threatened by climate change and human development that can affect freshwater biodiversity. Such effects will change not only the distributions and abundances of aquatic species, but also the lives of Arctic Peoples that are dependent on the ecosystem services supplied by lakes and rivers. Thus, the freshwater biodiversity program of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (Freshwater-CBMP) focuses on lake and river ecosystems and has established a long-term monitoring framework for these Arctic freshwaters. Developed for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF; the biodiversity Working Group of the Arctic Council), this framework facilitates more accurate and rapid detection, communication and response to significant trends in Arctic water quality and biodiversity. Freshwater-CBMP goals are addressed in the “Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Monitoring Plan”, which describes an integrated, ecosystem-based approach for monitoring Arctic freshwaters.
|
|
| 37. |
- Goedkoop, Willem, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a multi-scale monitoring programme: approaches for the Arctic and lessons learned from the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme 2002-2022
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Conservation Science. - 2673-611X. ; 4
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arctic Council working group, the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) established the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP), an international network of scientists, governments, Indigenous organizations, and conservation groups working to harmonize and integrate efforts to extend and develop monitoring and assessment of the Arctic’s biodiversity. Its relevance stretches beyond the Arctic to a broad range of regional and global initiatives and agreements. This paper describes the process and approach taken in the last two decades to develop and implement the CBMP. It documents challenges encountered, lessons learnt, and solutions, and considers how it has been a model for national, regional, and global monitoring programmes; explores how it has impacted Arctic biodiversity monitoring, assessment, and policy and concludes with observations on key issues and next steps. The following are overarching prerequisites identified in the implementation of the CBMP: effective coordination, sufficient and sustained funding, improved standards and protocols, co-production of knowledge and equitable involvement of IK approaches, data management to facilitating regional analysis and comparisons, communication and outreach to raising awareness and engagement in the programme, ensuring resources to engage in international fora to ensuring programme implementation.
|
|
| 38. |
- Goedkoop, Willem
(författare)
-
Distinguishing the effects of habitat degradation and pesticide stress on benthic invertebrates using stressor-specific metrics
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 444, s. 480-490
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydromorphological degradation is a well known stressor for running waters, while the effects of elevated levels of pesticides are widely ignored. Hence, distinguishing between the effects of these two stressors is an urgent task for water managers that aim at appropriate remediation measures. We used a large monitoring data set on benthic invertebrates, habitat descriptors, and physico-chemical variables to develop the SPEAR[%](habitat) metric that indicates the effects of in-stream habitat degradation. SPEAR[%](habitat) correlated significantly with the habitat degradation score (HDS; based on substratum and vegetation coverage), while it did not respond to any physico-chemical variables (r(2)=0.20). This relationship improved for streams with low modeled pesticide inputs (r(2)=033), and improved even further for a subset of streams dominated by soft-bottom substrata, i.e. for similar stream-types (r(2)=0.65). These relationships were confirmed for an independent dataset that was not used in the derivation of the HDS (r(2)=0.57 and r(2)=0.65, respectively). These findings show that the SPEAR[%](habitat) had a high degree of specificity for the effects of habitat degradation. Conversely, neither the commonly used EPT and ASPT metrics, nor the German Fauna Index or SPEAR[%](pesticides) showed significant relationships with HDS. These metrics instead correlated significantly with the run-off potential (RP), a proxy of pesticide contamination of streams. Similarly, RP was also the most important explanatory variable for SPEAR[%](pesticides), followed by alkalinity and the number of forested upstream stretches (r(2)=0.61). The latter are expected to alleviate pesticide effects, as indicated by higher SPEAR[%](pesticides) values. These findings show that an integrated analysis of the two stressor-specific SPEAR-metrics in combination with the metrics of general ecological degradation can help water managers to distinguish between the effects of habitat degradation and pesticide stress, two co-occurring stressors in agricultural landscapes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Goedkoop, Willem, et al.
(författare)
-
Fishing motives and economic effects of climate change – An application on Arctic char in northern Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Bioeconomics. - 1387-6996 .- 1573-6989. ; 25, s. 203-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motives for fishing differ among fishers, which may imply different effects of climate change on the net values of fishing. Climate change has impacts on fish population dynamics and on other factors in the fishers’ harvest decision, such as alternative sources of food or income. Here we present a bio-economic model that includes impacts of climate change on fish population and on net values of harvest by fishers with recreational or subsistence fishing motives. The conceptual analysis shows that the economic effects of climate change with simultaneous impacts on fish population growth and harvest values are inconclusive with common fishing access for both fisher types and when there are opposite simultaneous climate effects with exclusive access for one of the fisher types. Numerical results from our model of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in northern Sweden indicate that climate change, measured as temperature increases, reduces fish population growth but increases net values of fishing for both fisher types. The combined net effect of these counteracting forces is that annual net values can almost cease for the subsistence fisher in the future but increase considerably for the recreational fisher.
|
|
| 43. |
- Goedkoop, Willem
(författare)
-
Improving the framework for assessment of ecological change in the Arctic: A circumpolar synthesis of freshwater biodiversity
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 67, s. 210-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Climate warming and subsequent landscape transformations result in rapid ecological change in Arctic freshwaters. Here we provide a synthesis of the diversity of benthic diatoms, plankton, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and fish in Arctic freshwaters.2. We developed a multi-organism measure of alpha diversity to characterise circumpolar spatial patterns and their environmental correlates, and we assessed ecoregion-level beta diversity for all organism groups across the Arctic.3. Alpha diversity was lowest at high latitudes and elevations and where dispersal barriers exist. Diversity was positively related to temperature, and both temperature and connectivity limited diversity on high latitude islands. Beta diversity was highly variable among ecoregions for most organism groups, ranging from 0 (complete similarity) to 1 (complete dissimilarity). The high degree of dissimilarity within many ecoregions illustrates the uniqueness of many Arctic freshwater communities.4. Northward range expansion of freshwater taxa into Arctic regions may lead to increased competition for cold-stenothermic and cold-adapted species, and ultimately lead to the extinction of unique Arctic species. Societal responses to predicted impacts include: (1) actions to improve detection of changes (e.g., harmonised monitoring, remote sensing) and engagement with Arctic residents and Indigenous Peoples; and (2) actions to reduce the impact of unwanted changes (e.g., reductions of CO2 emissions, action against the spread of invasive species).5. Current Arctic freshwater monitoring shows large gaps in spatial coverage, while time series data are scarce. Arctic countries should develop an intensified, long-term monitoring programme with routine reporting. Such an approach will allow detection of long-term changes in water quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services of Arctic freshwaters.
|
|
| 44. |
- Goedkoop, Willem, et al.
(författare)
-
Inverting nutrient fluxes across the land-water interface - Exploring the potential of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) farming
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 281, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the potential of zebra mussel farming for nutrient retention in a eutrophic lake. Duplicate experimental long-line cultivation units were deployed and mussel growth and nutrient retention were quantified after 28 months. Mussels grew well at shallow water depth (<3 m) and our 625 m(2) (lake area) experimental units produced 507 and 730 kg dry biomass, respectively, of which 94% were shells. These yields corresponded to an average retention of 92.7 +/- 23.1 kg C, 6.1 +/- 0.68 kg N, and 0.43 +/- 0.04 kg P retention, or 742 kg C, 49 kg N, and 3.5 kg P for a full-size (0.5 ha) mussel farm. We estimate that concentrating the long-lines to a depth of 2.5 m would probably have doubled these yields, based on the differences in mussel growth among depths. We further estimate that a full-size cultivation unit (0.5 ha) thus could compensate for the annual total-P run-off from 23 ha, or the biologically available P from approximately 49 ha of agricultural soils. As traditional measures have proven insufficient, decision-makers need to facilitate novel approaches to mitigate the negative effects of cultural eutrophication. We envision that zebra mussel farming, within their invaded range, provides a promising approach to invert nutrient losses in lakes and coastal lagoons.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Goedkoop, Willem
(författare)
-
Phenanthrene Bioaccumulation in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 49, s. 1842-1850
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contribution of food to the bioaccumulation of xenobiotics and hence toxicity is still an ambiguous issue. It is becoming more and more evident that universal statements cannot be made, but that the relative contribution of food-associated xenobiotics in bioaccumulation depends on species, substance, and environmental conditions. Yet, small-sized benthic or soil animals such as nematodes have largely been disregarded so far. Bioaccumulation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in the absence and presence of bacterial food was measured in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Elimination of phenanthrene in the nematodes was biphasic, suggesting that there was a slowly exchanging pool within the nematodes or that biotransformation of phenanthrene took place. Even with food present, dissolved phenanthrene was still the major contributor to bioaccumulated compound in nematode tissues, whereas the diet only contributed about 9%. Toxicokinetic parameters in the treatment without food were different from the ones of the treatment with bacteria, possibly because nematodes depleted their lipid reserves during starvation.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Goedkoop, Willem, et al.
(författare)
-
Retention of N and P by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas) and its quantitative role in the nutrient budget of eutrophic Lake Ekoln, Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 13, s. 1077-1086
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We quantified cover, population densities, size distribution and biomass of zebra mussels along 7 transects in eutrophic Lake Ekoln (Sweden). We also analyzed the elemental (C, N, P) composition of zebra mussel soft tissue and computed their retention rates of N and P their quantitative role in the lake's nutrient budget. We hypothesized that zebra mussels play an important role in the nutrient budget of the lake and speculate that the successive harvesting of cultured mussels could contribute to the lake's rate of recovery from cultural eutrophication. At depths exceeding 5 m, mussels covered consistently less than 5% or were absent. Similarly, mean densities were 3,158 +/- A 2,143 ind m(-2) between 2 and 4 m, but rapidly declined at larger depths. Calculated clearance rates averaged 19.4 +/- A 2.3 km(3) y(-1), implying the entire lake is filtered every 8-10 days. Concentrations of N and P in mussel soft tissue averaged 100.9 +/- A 1.5 mg N g(-1) DW and 9.3 +/- A 0.2 mg P g(-1) DW. The lake population was estimated to 22.2 +/- A 2.6 x 10(10) mussels, corresponding to a standing stock biomass of 362 +/- A 42 ton DW, or conservative estimates of 36.6 +/- A 4.3 ton N and 3.4 +/- A 0.4 ton P. Assuming a life span of 2-3 years gives a retention estimate of 1.2-1.8 ton P y(-1) by mussels, corresponding to 50-77% of the annual P influx from Uppsala sewage treatment plant to the lake. Similarly, annual N-retention by zebra mussels makes up 13-20 ton N y(-1), largely equaling the annual N-deposition from atmospheric sources on the lake's surface. These retention rates correspond to only a few percent of the annual P-load from agricultural sources, but we argue that the quantitative role of zebra mussels in nutrient budgets is much larger if these budgets are adjusted for the bias introduced by coarse estimates of N and P pools that include a large share of refractory P.
|
|
