| 1. |
- Boris, Andrey A., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for Nonlocal Electrodynamics in Planar Josephson Junctions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 111:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the temperature dependence of the critical current modulation I-c(H) for two types of planar Josephson junctions: a low-T-c Nb/CuNi/Nb and a high-T-c YBa2Cu3O7-delta bicrystal grain-boundary junction. At low T both junctions exhibit a conventional behavior, described by the local sine-Gordon equation. However, at elevated T the behavior becomes qualitatively different: the I-c(H) modulation field Delta H becomes almost T independent and neither Delta H nor the critical field for the penetration of Josephson vortices vanish at T-c. Such an unusual behavior is in good agreement with theoretical predictions for junctions with nonlocal electrodynamics. We extract absolute values of the London penetration depth lambda from our data and show that a crossover from local to nonlocal electrodynamics occurs with increasing T when lambda(T) becomes larger than the electrode thickness.
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| 2. |
- de Andrés Prada, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and Nanofabrication of All-Perovskite Superconducting/Ferromagnetic/Superconducting Junctions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 32:9, s. 2721-2726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We fabricate and study experimentally all-perovskite-oxide superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor (S/FI/S) tunnel junctions made out of the high-temperature cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−y (YBCO) and the colossal magnetoresistive manganite LaMnO3 (LMO) in the ferromagnetic insulator state. YBCO/LMO/YBCO heterostructures with different LMO thicknesses (5, 10, and 20 nm) are grown epitaxially via pulsed laser deposition. Nanoscale S/FI/S junctions with sizes down to 300 nm are made by three-dimensional nano-sculpturing with focused ion beam. Junctions with a thick (20 nm) LMO barrier exhibit a large negative magnetoresistance below TCurie∼160 K, typical for colossal magnetoresistive manganites, as well as a kink in the current-voltage characteristics at large bias (V∼1–2 Volts), attributed to Zener-type tunneling. However, they do not show a measurable Josephson current. On the contrary, junctions with the thinnest 5-nm LMO barrier exhibit a large supercurrent and no signs of magnetism. The latter may indicate the presence of pinholes due to thickness inhomogeneity and/or a ∼ 2 nm dead magnetic layer at the YBCO / LMO interface caused, e.g., by interdiffusion or strain. The junction with an intermediate 10-nm LMO barrier exhibited a desired S/FI/S junction behavior with significant negative magnetoresistance and signatures of a small Josephson current.
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| 3. |
- de Andrés Prada, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Memory-functionality superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junctions based on the high-Tc cuprate superconductors YBa2Cu3O7−x and the colossal magnetoresistive manganite ferromagnets La2/3X1/3MnO3+δ(X=Ca,Sr)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 99:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex oxides exhibit a variety of unusual physical properties, which can be used for designing novel electronic devices. Here we fabricate and study experimentally nanoscale superconductor/ferromagnet/ superconductor junctions with the high-Tc cuprate superconductors YBa2Cu3O7−x and the colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganite ferromagnets La2/3X1/3MnO3+δ(X=CaorSr). We demonstrate that in a broad temperature range the magnetization of a manganite nanoparticle, forming the junction interface, switches abruptly in a monodomain manner. The CMR phenomenon translates the magnetization loop into a hysteretic magnetoresistance loop. The latter facilitates a memory functionality of such a junction with just a single CMR ferromagnetic layer. The orientation of the magnetization (stored information) can be read out by simply measuring the junction resistance in a finite magnetic field. The CMR facilitates a large readout signal in a small applied field. We argue that such a simple single-layer CMR junction can operate as a memory cell both in the superconducting state at cryogenic temperatures and in the normal state up to room temperature.
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| 4. |
- de Andrés Prada, Roberto, 1990-
(författare)
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Pulsed laser deposition and nanofabrication of mesoscopic devices based on cuprates and manganites
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the growth, the nano-fabrication and the study of the magneto-transport properties of Superconductor/Ferromagnet/Superconductor (SFS) structures from complex oxides such as the high Tc superconducting cuprate YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) and the ferromagnetic manganites La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 and La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LCMO and LSMO), deposited with the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique.The present work has been possible thanks to the collaboration between the “Magnetism and Superconductivity” Group at the University of Fribourg, in Switzerland, and the “Experimentell Kondenserade Materiens Fysik” Group at Stockholm University, in Sweden.Earlier, the two research groups in Fribourg and Stockholm had studied SFS structures from YBCO/LaMnO3/YBCO multilayers with 20 nm thick ferromagnetic and insulating LaMnO3 barriers, and obtained signs of an unconventional spin-triplet current across these structures. This finding motivated the present thesis work with a focus on two main aspects.Firstly, to explore other candidate materials suitable as barriers and optimise their growth conditions as to maintain a large ferromagnetic moment and thus a high spin polarisation of the charge carriers. Secondly, to study what happens when the thickness of the ferromagnetic and insulating LaMnO3 barrier is reduced well below 20 nm to enable larger supercurrents.It has been shown for a series of YBCO/LCMO multilayers that the ferromagnetic moment of LCMO depends critically on the PLD growth conditions as well as on the thickness and even structural details of the YBCO layer on which they are grown. Furthermore, a protocol has been established to grow heterostructures with strongly ferromagnetic manganite layers embedded in thick YBCO layers by optimising the PLD growth conditions and by substituting the bottom YBCO layer with a Co and Ca substituted version of YBCO that has a tetragonal structure (tYBCO) instead of the orthorhombic one of plain YBCO.Devices suitable for perpendicular magneto-transport measurements have been nano-fabricated from YBCO/manganite/YBCO multilayers with ~10 nm thick LCMO and LSMO layers as the F barriers. While no clear indications of a spin-triplet component of the superconducting order parameter have been obtained yet, a negative and hysteretic magneto-resistance has been observed that is indicative of a strong ferromagnetic order in the thin manganite barrier. The latter suggests a potential memory functionality of such structures that could be exploited in future spintronic memory devices.Moreover, devices have been fabricated on SFS structures with a reduced thickness of the LaMnO3 barrier of 10 nm and 5 nm. These samples were grown prior to the beginning of this PhD work using non optimised growth conditions, and it was found that the ferromagnetic properties of these LaMnO3 barriers are strongly deteriorated. It remains to be seen whether the ferromagnetic order of such thin LaMnO3 layers can be also recovered by using the optimised growth conditions as for LSMO and LCMO.
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| 5. |
- Golod, Taras, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous Hall effect in NiPt thin films
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 110:3, s. 033909-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study Hall effect in sputtered NixPt1-x thin films with different Ni concentrations. Temperature, magnetic field andangular dependencies are analyzed and the phase diagram of NiPt thin films is obtained. It is found that films with sub-critical Ni concentration exhibit cluster-glass behavior at low temperatures with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy below the freezing temperature. Films with super-critical Ni concentration are ferromagnetic with parallel anisotropy. At the critical concentration the state of the film is strongly frustrated. Such films demonstrate canted magnetization with the easy axis rotating as a function of temperature. The magnetism appears via consecutive paramagnetic - cluster glass - ferromagnetic transitions, rather than a single second-order phase transition. But most remarkably, the extraordinary Hall effect changes sign at the critical concentration. We suggest that this is associated with a reconstruction of the electronic structure of the alloy at the normal metal - ferromagnet quantum phase transition.
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| 6. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-ordinary Hall effect near the ferromagnetic quantum phase transition in NixPt1-x thin films
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 87:10, s. 104407-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the Hall effect in NixPt1-x thin films. It is observed that the ordinary Hall coefficient is always negative (electron-like). The anomalous Hall coefficient is also negative, except in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic quantum phase transition, where it exhibits a sign reversal and turns positive (hole-like). This leads to an "anti-ordinary" Hall effect with opposite signs of ordinary and anomalous contributions. It clearly shows that the anomalous Hall effect does not reflect the overall topology of the Fermi surface (which remains unchanged), but originates from singular hot spots. We attribute the anti-ordinary contribution to the intrinsic (Berry-phase) origin and propose a spectroscopic explanation of its tunability as a function of temperature and composition.
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| 7. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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Application of nano-scale Josephson junction as phase sensitive detector for analysis of vortex states in mesoscopic superconductors
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 570:19, s. 890-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study phase shifts in a Josephson junction induced by vortices in superconducting mesoscopic electrodes. The position of the vortices are controlled by suitable geometry of a nano-scale Nb–Pt1−xNix–Nb junction of the overlap type made by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) sculpturing. The vortex is kept outside the junction, parallel to the junction plane. From the measured Fraunhofer characteristics the entrance and exit of vortices are detected. By changing the bias current through the junction at constant magnetic field the vortices can be manipulated and the system can be switched between two consecutive vortex states which are characterized by different critical currents of the junction. A mesoscopic superconductor thus acts as a non-volatile memory cell in which the junction is used both for reading and writing information (vortex). Furthermore, we observe that the critical current density of Nb–Pt1−xNix–Nb junctions decreases non-monotonously with increasing Ni concentration. It exhibits a minimum at 40 at.% Ni, which is an indication of switching into the π state.
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| 8. |
- Golod, Taras, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of a superconducting diode-with-memory, operational at zero magnetic field with switchable nonreciprocity
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconducting diodes, operational at zero magnetic field, can be used in supercomputers. Here, the authors demonstrate prototypes of diodes-with-memory, based on Nb Josephson junctions, with a large and switchable nonreciprocity at zero field. Diode is one of the basic electronic components. It has a nonreciprocal current response, associated with a broken space/time reversal symmetry. Here we demonstrate prototypes of superconducting diodes operational at zero magnetic field. They are based on conventional niobium planar Josephson junctions, in which space/time symmetry is broken by a combination of self-field effect from nonuniform bias and stray fields from a trapped Abrikosov vortex. We demonstrate that nonreciprocity of critical current in such diodes can reach an order of magnitude and rectification efficiency can exceed 70%. Furthermore, we can easily change the diode polarity and switch nonreciprocity on/off by changing the bias configuration and by trapping/removing of a vortex. This facilitates a memory functionality. We argue that such a diode-with-memory can be used for a future generation of in-memory superconducting computers.
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| 9. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of the Phase Shift from a Single Abrikosov Vortex
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. Particles and fields. - 0556-2821 .- 1089-4918. ; 104, s. 227003-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We probe a quantum mechanical phase rotation induced by a single Abrikosov vortex in a superconducting lead, using a Josephson junction, made at the edge of the lead, as a phase-sensitive detector. We observe that the vortex induces a Josephson phase shift equal to the polar angle of the vortex within the junction length. When the vortex is close to the junction it induces a π step in the Josephson phase difference, leading to a controllable and reversible switching of the junction into the 0-π state. This in turn results in an unusual Φ0/2 quantization of the flux in the junction. The vortex may hence act as a tunable “phase battery” for quantum electronics.
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| 10. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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High bias anomaly in YBa2Cu3O7-x/LaMnO3+delta/YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor junctions : Evidence for a long-range superconducting proximity effect through the conduction band of a ferromagnetic insulator
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 87:13, s. 134520-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the perpendicular transport characteristics of small superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7-x/LaMnO3+delta/YBa2Cu3O7-x) tunnel junctions. At a large bias voltage V similar to 1 V we observe a steplike onset of excess current that occurs below the superconducting transition temperature T < T-c and is easily suppressed by a magnetic field. The phenomenon is attributed to a different type of the superconducting proximity effect of nonequilibrium electrons injected into the conduction band of the ferromagnetic insulator via a Fowler-Nordheim tunneling process. The occurrence of a strongly nonequilibrium population is confirmed by the detection of photon emission at large bias voltage. Since the conduction band in our ferromagnetic insulator is strongly spin polarized, the long range (20 nm) of the observed proximity effect provides evidence for an unconventional spin-triplet superconducting state.
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| 11. |
- Golod, Taras, 1981-
(författare)
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Hybrid superconductor junctions with diluted PtNi ferromagnetic interlayer
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes experimental investigation of thin films made of diluted Pt 1-x Ni x ferromagnet alloy and Nb-Pt 1-x -Nb Josephson junctions. Such Hybrid Superconductor-Ferromagnet (S-F) Structures are of significant interest because of the new physics involved and possible applications in low temperature and spintronic devices. In many cases, such devices require components with small monodomain ferromagnetic layers, which requires development of specific nano-fabrication techniques. Pt 1-x Ni x alloy is used as the ferromagnet layer due to very good solubility of the two components which results in homogeneous diluted ferromagnet. Systematic analysis of both chemical composition, and ferromagnetic properties of Pt 1-x Ni x thin films for Ni concentrations ranging between 0 and ~70 at.% is performed. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) technique is employed to study chemical composition of Pt 1-x Ni x thin films. To eliminate possible errors during EDS characterization, EDS is used with different electron beam energies, different electron beam incident angles and on the free standing Pt 0.59 Ni 0.41 flakes. Ferromagnetic properties of Pt 1-x Ni x thin films are analyzed by studying the anomalous Hall effect. The Curie temperature of Pt 1-x Ni x films decreases in a non-linear manner with the Ni concentration and has the onset at ~27 at.% of Ni. It is observed that the critical concentration of Ni is lower and the Curie temperature is higher than it had been observed early for the bulk PtNi alloys. The 3D Focused ion Beam Nanosculpturing is used to fabricate nanoscale S-F-S Josephson junctions providing the uniform, monodomain structure of the ferromagnet layer within the junction. The detailed studies of S-F-S Josephson junctions are carried out depending on the size of junction, thickness and composition of the ferromagnet layer. The obtained Fraunhofer modulation of the critical current as a function of in-plane magnetic field serves as evidence for uniformity of the junction properties and monodomain structure of ferromagnet layer. The junction critical current density decreases in spin glass state with increasing Ni concentration. In the ferromagnetic state the maximum current density of the junction starts to increase. The latter is attributed to switching into the pi state as a function of Ni concentration. Simultaneously it is observed that the critical current can completely disappear presumably as the result of stray fields from the F layer in contact leads. The Josephson junction is used as a phase sensitive detector for analysis of vortex states in mesoscopic superconductors. By changing the bias current at constant magnetic field the vortices can be manipulated and the system can be switched between two consecutive vortex states. A mesoscopic superconductor can thus act as a memory cell in which the junction is used both for reading and writing information (vortex).
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| 12. |
- Golod, Taras, 1981-
(författare)
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Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid superconductor/ferromagnet structures
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores peculiar effects of mesoscopic structures revealed at low temperatures. Three particular systems are studied experimentally: Ferromagnetic thin films made of diluted Pt1-xNix alloy, hybrid nanoscale Nb-Pt1-xNix-Nb Josephson junctions, and planar niobium Josephson junction with barrier layer made of Cu or Cu0.47Ni0.53 alloy. A cost-effective way is applied to fabricate the sputtered NixPt1-x thin films with controllable Ni concentration. 3D Focused Ion Beam (FIB) sculpturing is used to fabricate Nb-Pt1-xNix-Nb Josephson junctions. The planar junctions are made by cutting Cu-Nb or CuNi-Nb double layer by FIB. Magnetic properties of PtNi thin films are studied via the Hall effect. It is found that films with sub-critical Ni concentration are superparamagnetic at low temperatures and exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Films with over-critical Ni concentration are ferromagnetic with parallel anisotropy. At the critical concentration the films demonstrate canted magnetization with the easy axis rotating as a function of temperature. The magnetism appears via two consecutive crossovers, going from paramagnetic to superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic, and the extraordinary Hall effect changes sign at low temperatures. Detailed studies of superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor Josephson junctions are carried out depending on the size of junction, thickness and composition of the ferromagnetic layer. The junction critical current density decreases non-monotonically with increasing Ni concentration. It has a minimum at ~ 40 at.% of Ni which indicates a switching into the π state. The fabricated junctions are used as phase sensitive detectors for analysis of vortex states in mesoscopic superconductors. It is found that the vortex induces different flux shifts, in the measured Fraunhofer modulation of the Josephson critical current, depending on the position of the vortex. When the vortex is close to the junction it induces a flux shift equal to Φ0/2 leading to switching of the junction into the 0-π state. By changing the bias current at constant magnetic field the vortices can be manipulated and the system can be switched between two consecutive vortex states. A mesoscopic superconductor can thus act as a memory cell in which the junction is used both for reading and writing information (vortex).
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| 13. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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Nb-PtNi-Nb Josephson junctions made by 3D FIB nano-sculpturing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 150 (2009):052062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use Focused Ion Beam (FIB) for fabrication of nano-scale Superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor (SFS) Josephson junctions, aiming to achieve a uniform, mono-domain state in the F-layer within the junction. We employ a Pt1-xNix alloy, characterized by the perfect solubility of the two components, for obtaining a homogeneous diluted ferromagnet. We perform a systematic analysis of both chemical composition, and ferromagnetic properties of Pt1—xNix thin films for different Ni—concentrations. The nano-scale homogeneity of the Pt1—xNix films is confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Curie temperature of Pt1—xNix films decreases in a non-linear manner with Ni concentration. We observe that the critical current density of Nb — Pt1—xNix — Nb junctions decreases non-monotonously with increasing Ni-concentration: at x 30% it exhibits a minimum, which we attribute to switching into the π state as a function of Ni-concentration.
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| 14. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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Planar Superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor Josephson Junctions as Scanning-Probe Sensors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a magnetic scanning-probe sensor based on a single-planar Josephson junction with a magnetic barrier. The planar geometry together with the high magnetic permeability of the barrier facilitates a double flux-focusing effect, which helps to guide magnetic flux into the junction and thus enhances field sensitivity of the sensor. We fabricate and analyze experimentally sensor prototypes with a superparamagnetic Cu−Ni and a ferromagnetic Ni barrier. We demonstrate that the planar geometry allows easy miniaturization to nanometer scale and facilitates an effective utilization of the self-field phenomenon for amplification of sensitivity and a simple implementation of a control line for feedback operation over a broad dynamic range. We argue that the proposed sensor can outperform equally sized superconducting quantum-interference devices (SQUIDs) both in terms of magnetic-field sensitivity and spatial resolution, which makes it advantageous for scanning-probe microscopy.
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| 15. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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Reconfigurable Josephson Phase Shifter
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 21:12, s. 5240-5246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phase shifter is one of the key elements of quantum electronics. In order to facilitate operation and avoid decoherence, it has to be reconfigurable, persistent, and nondissipative. In this work, we demonstrate prototypes of such devices in which a Josephson phase shift is generated by coreless superconducting vortices. The smallness of the vortex allows a broad-range tunability by nanoscale manipulation of vortices in a micron-size array of vortex traps. We show that a phase shift in a device containing just a few vortex traps can be reconfigured between a large number of quantized states in a broad [−3π, +3π] range.
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| 16. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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Single Abrikosov vortices as quantized information bits
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconducting digital devices can be advantageously used in future supercomputers because they can greatly reduce the dissipation power and increase the speed of operation. Non-volatile quantized states are ideal for the realization of classical Boolean logics. A quantized Abrikosov vortex represents the most compact magnetic object in superconductors, which can be utilized for creation of high-density digital cryoelectronics. In this work we provide a proof of concept for Abrikosov-vortex-based random access memory cell, in which a single vortex is used as an information bit. We demonstrate high-endurance write operation and two different ways of read-out using a spin valve or a Josephson junction. These memory cells are characterized by an infinite magnetoresistance between 0 and 1 states, a short access time, a scalability to nm sizes and an extremely low write energy. Non-volatility and perfect reproducibility are inherent for such a device due to the quantized nature of the vortex.
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| 17. |
- Golod, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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Two mechanisms of Josephson phase shift generation by an Abrikosov vortex
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 100:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abrikosov vortices contain magnetic fields and circulating currents that decay at a short range λ∼100 nm. However, vortices can induce Josephson phase shifts at a long range r∼μm≫λ. Mechanisms of this puzzling phenomenon are not clearly understood. Here we present a systematic study of vortex-induced phase shifts in planar Josephson junctions. We make two key observations: (i) The cutoff effect: Although vortex-induced phase shift is a long-range phenomenon, it is terminated by the junction and does not persist beyond it. (ii) A linear to superlinear crossover with a rapid upturn of the phase shift occurs upon approaching a vortex to a junction. The crossover occurs at a vortex-junction distance comparable to the penetration depth. Together with theoretical and numerical analysis this allows unambiguous identification of two distinct and independent mechanisms. The short range r≲λ mechanism is due to circulating vortex currents inside a superconducting electrode without involvement of magnetic fields. The long range r≫λ mechanism is due to stray magnetic fields outside electrodes without circulating vortex currents. We argue that understanding of controlling parameters of vortex-induced Josephson phase shift can be used for development of novel compact cryoelectronic devices.
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| 18. |
- Golod, Taras, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Word and bit line operation of a 1 x 1 μm2 superconducting vortex-based memory
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of dense random access memory is one of the main bottlenecks for the creation of a digital superconducting computer. In this work we study experimentally vortex-based superconducting memory cells. Three main results are obtained. First, we test scalability and demonstrate that the cells can be straightforwardly miniaturized to submicron sizes. Second, we emphasize the importance of conscious geometrical engineering. In the studied devices we introduce an asymmetric easy track for vortex motion and show that it enables a controllable manipulation of vortex states. Finally, we perform a detailed analysis of word and bit line operation of a 1 x 1 mu m(2) cell. High-endurance, non-volatile operation at zero magnetic field is reported. Remarkably, we observe that the combined word and bit line threshold current is significantly reduced compared to the bare word-line operation. This could greatly improve the selectivity of individual cell addressing in a multi-cell RAM. The achieved one square micron area is an important milestone and a significant step forward towards creation of a dense cryogenic memory.
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| 19. |
- Hovhannisyan, Razmik A., et al.
(författare)
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Accurate Determination of the Josephson Critical Current by Lock-In Measurements
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Operation of Josephson electronics usually requires determination of the Josephson critical current Ic, which is affected both by fluctuations and measurement noise. Lock-in measurements allow obviation of 1/f noise, and therefore, provide a major advantage in terms of noise and accuracy with respect to conventional dc measurements. In this work we show both theoretically and experimentally that the Ic can be accurately extracted using first and third harmonic lock-in measurements of junction resistance. We derived analytical expressions and verified them experimentally on nano-scale Nb-PtNi-Nb and Nb-CuNi-Nb Josephson junctions.
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| 20. |
- Hovhannisyan, Razmik A., et al.
(författare)
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Holographic reconstruction of magnetic field distribution in a Josephson junction from diffraction-like Ic(H) patterns
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 105:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A general problem of magnetic sensors is a trade-off between spatial resolution and magnetic-field sensitivity. With decreasing sensor size its resolution is improved but the sensitivity is deteriorated. Obviation of such a trade-off requires development of super-resolution imaging technique not limited by sensor size. Here we present a proof of concept for a super-resolution method of magnetic imaging by a Josephson junction (JJ). It is based on a solution of an inverse problem—reconstruction of a local magnetic-field distribution within a junction from the dependence of the critical current on an external magnetic field, Ic(H). The method resembles the Fourier-transform holography, with the diffractionlike Ic(H) pattern serving as a hologram. A simple inverse problem solution, valid for an arbitrary symmetric case, is derived. We verify the method numerically and show that the accuracy of reconstruction does not depend on the junction size and is only limited by the field range of the Ic(H) pattern. Finally, the method is tested experimentally using planar Nb JJs. Super-resolution reconstruction of stray magnetic fields from an Abrikosov vortex, trapped in the junction electrodes, is demonstrated. Thus our method facilitates both high field sensitivity and high spatial resolution, obviating the trade-off problem of magnetic sensors. We conclude that the holographic magnetic imaging by a planar JJ can be used in scanning probe microscopy
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| 21. |
- Hovhannisyan, Razmik A., et al.
(författare)
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Superresolution magnetic imaging by a Josephson junction via holographic reconstruction of I c ( H ) modulation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 20:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work provides a proof -of -concept for superresolution magnetic imaging using a single Josephson junction. The technique resembles digital holography: magnetic patterns are obtained via an inverseproblem solution from diffractionlike modulation of the junction's critical current, I c (H) . We demonstrate numerical reconstruction of complex two-dimensional patterns, verify the technique experimentally using Nb-based planar junctions, and fabricate an operational sensor on a cantilever. Our results show that Josephson holography allows for both high spatial resolution (approximately 20 nm) and high field sensitivity (approximately 10 - 11 T R root Hz), thus resolving the trade-off problem between resolution and sensitivity in magnetic scanning probe imaging.
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| 22. |
- Iovan, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Controllable generation of a spin-triplet supercurrent in a Josephson spin valve
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 90:13, s. 134514-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been predicted theoretically that an unconventional odd-frequency spin-triplet component of a superconducting order parameter can be induced in multilayered ferromagnetic structures with noncollinear magnetization. In this work, we study experimentally nanoscale devices, in which a ferromagnetic spin valve is embedded into a Josephson junction. We demonstrate two ways of in situ analysis of such Josephson spin valves: via magnetoresistance measurements and via in situ magnetometry based on flux quantization in the junction. We observe that supercurrent through the device depends on the relative orientation of magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic layers and is enhanced in the noncollinear state of the spin valve. We attribute this phenomenon to controllable generation of the spin-triplet superconducting component in a ferromagnet.
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| 23. |
- Kapran, Olena M., et al.
(författare)
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Crossover between short- and long-range proximity effects in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junctions with Ni-based ferromagnets
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 103:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junctions with CuNi, PtNi, or Ni interlayers. Remarkably, we observe that supercurrents through Ni can be significantly larger than through diluted alloys. The phenomenon is attributed to the dirtiness of disordered alloys leading to a short coherence length despite a small exchange energy. To the contrary, pure Ni is clean resulting in a coherence length as long as in a normal metal. Analysis of temperature dependencies of critical currents reveals a crossover from short (dirty) to long (clean) range proximity effects in Pt1-xNix with increasing Ni concentration. Our results point out that structural properties of a ferromagnet play a crucial role for the proximity effect and indicate that conventional strong-but-clean ferromagnets can be advantageously used in superconducting spintronic devices.
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| 24. |
- Kapran, Olena M., et al.
(författare)
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In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. - : Beilstein Institut. - 2190-4286. ; 12, s. 913-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Employment of the non-trivial proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) heterostructures for the creation of novel superconducting devices requires accurate control of magnetic states in complex thin-film multilayers. In this work, we study experimentally in-plane transport properties of microstructured Nb/Co multilayers. We apply various transport characterization techniques, including magnetoresistance, Hall effect, and the first-order-reversal-curves (FORC) analysis. We demonstrate how FORC can be used for detailed in situ characterization of magnetic states. It reveals that upon reduction of the external field, the magnetization in ferromagnetic layers first rotates in a coherent scissor-like manner, then switches abruptly into the antiparallel state and after that splits into the polydomain state, which gradually turns into the opposite parallel state. The polydomain state is manifested by a profound enhancement of resistance caused by a flux-flow phenomenon, triggered by domain stray fields. The scissor state represents the noncollinear magnetic state in which the unconventional odd-frequency spin-triplet order parameter should appear. The non-hysteretic nature of this state allows for reversible tuning of the magnetic orientation. Thus, we identify the range of parameters and the procedure for in situ control of devices based on S/F heterostructures.
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| 25. |
- Kapran, Olena M., 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of the dominant spin-triplet supercurrent in Josephson spin valves with strong Ni ferromagnets
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2643-1564. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study experimentally nanoscale Josephson junctions and Josephson spin valves containing strongly ferromagnetic Ni interlayers. We observe that in contrast to junctions, spin valves with the same geometry exhibit anomalous Ic(H) patterns with two peaks separated by a dip. We develop several techniques for in situ characterization of micromagnetic states in our nanodevices, including magnetoresistance, absolute Josephson fluxometry, and first-order-reversal-curves analysis. They reveal a clear correlation of the dip in supercurrent with the antiparallel state of a spin valve and the peaks with two noncollinear magnetic states, thus providing evidence for generation of spin-triplet superconductivity. A quantitative analysis, based on micromagnetic simulations, brings us to the conclusion that the triplet current in our Ni-based spin valves is approximately three times larger than the conventional spin-singlet supercurrent.
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| 26. |
- Krasnov, Vladimir M., et al.
(författare)
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Anticorrelation between temperature and fluctuations of the switching current in moderately damped Josephson junctions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 76:22, s. 224517-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presented are the results of calculations suggesting that the quasi-one-dimensional organic superconductors (TMTSF)2X (where TMTSF represents tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene and X is PF6 AsF6, ClO4, etc.) may show a substantial increase in their superconducting and spin-density-wave ordering temperatures when the Fermi level is raised through application of an electrostatic gating voltage. A rich behavior is observed, strongly dependent on the form of the superconducting order parameter, as the Fermi level approaches the Van Hove singularity at ka=0. Included are predictions for the behavior of these materials under zero and moderate applied pressure. It is found that TSDW as high as 50 K and superconducting Tc as high as 20 K may be achieved at optimal gate voltages of approximately 100 mV.
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| 27. |
- Krasnov, Vladimir M., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative analysis of tunneling magnetoresistance in low-Tc Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb and high-Tc Bi2−yPbySr2CaCu2O8+δ intrinsic Josephson junctions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 84:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform a detailed comparison of magnetotunneling in conventional low-Tc Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb junctions with that in slightly overdoped Bi2−yPbySr2CaCu2O8+δ [Bi(Pb)-2212] intrinsic Josephson junctions and with microscopic calculations. It is found that both types of junctions behave in a qualitatively similar way. Both magnetic field and temperature suppress superconductivity in the state-conserving manner. This leads to the characteristic sign change of tunneling magnetoresistance from the negative at the subgap to the positive at the sum-gap bias. We derived theoretically and verified experimentally scaling laws of magnetotunneling characteristics and employ them for accurate extraction of the upper critical field Hc2. For Nb an extended region of surface superconductivity at Hc2c3 is observed. The parameters of Bi(Pb)-2212 were obtained from self-consistent analysis of magnetotunneling data at different levels of bias, dissipation powers, and for different mesa sizes, which precludes the influence of self-heating. It is found that Hc2(0) for Bi(Pb)-2212 is ≃T→Tc T and decreases significantly at T→Tc. The amplitude of subgap magnetoresistance is suppressed exponentially at T>Tc/2, but remains negative, although very small, above Tc. This may indicate the existence of an extended fluctuation region, which, however, does not destroy the general second-order type of the phase transition at Tc.
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| 28. |
- Rydh, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Field- and current controlled switching between vortex states in a mesoscopic superconductor
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 153:1, s. 012027-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the controllable manipulation of vortices in a mesoscopic, superconducting "island" of Nb, using an integrated Josephson junction as a field-sensitive vortex detector. The island, divided by a single Josephson junction and suspended by Nb microbridges, was fabricated from a Nb/P11-xNix/Nb tri-layer using a focused ion beam. We find that the system at select magnetic fields behaves as a vortex memory cell, where current pulses can be used to switch the vortex configuration between metastable states of distinctly different junction critical currents. Non-destructive read-out of a state is then easily done with an intermediate current. Furthermore, we show that the Josephson junction displays a strong magnetoresistive effect at current bias well above the junction critical current but below the onset of flux flow. This enables the junction to be used as a quantitative probe of magnetic field with better than single flux quantum resolution.
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| 29. |
- Shafeie, Samrand, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure, thermal expansion and high-temperature electrical conductivity of A-site deficient La2-zCo1+y(MgxNb1-x)(1-y)O-6 double perovskites
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 229, s. 243-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New La-deficient double perovskites with P2(1)/n symmetry, La-similar to 1.90(Co1-x2+Mgx2+)(Co1/33+Nb2/35+)O-6 with x=0, 0.13 and 0.33, and La-2(Co1/22+Mg1/22+) (Co1/23+Nb1/25+)O-6 were prepared by solid state reaction at 1450 degrees C. Their crystal structures were refined using time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data. Our results show that certain cations such as Nb5+, with very strong B-O bonds in the perovskite structure, can induce A-site vacancies in double perovskites. Upon heating in N-2 gas atmosphere at 1200 degrees C similar to 1% O atom vacancies are formed together with a partial reduction of the Co3+ content. The average thermal expansion coefficient between 25 and 900 degrees C of La-1.90(Co2/32+Mg1/32+)(Co1/33+Nb2/35+)O-6 was determined to be 17.4 ppm K-1. Four-point electronic conductivity measurements showed that the compounds are semiconductors, with conductivities varying between 3.7.10(-2) and 7.7.10(-2) S cm(-1) at 600 degrees C and activation energies between 0.77 and 0.81 eV. Partial replacement of La3+ with Sr2+ does not lead to any increase of conductivity, while replacement of Mg2+ with Cu2+ in La1.9CoCu1/3Nb2/3O6 and La1.8CoCu1/2Nb1/2O6 leads to similar to 100 times larger conductivities at 600 degrees C, 0.35 and 1.0 S cm(-1), respectively, and lower activation energies, 0.57 and 0.73 eV, respectively.
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| 30. |
- Zeinali, Arash, et al.
(författare)
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Surface superconductivity as the primary cause of broadening of superconducting transition in Nb films at high magnetic fields
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 94:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the origin of broadening of superconducting transition in sputtered Nb films at high magnetic fields. From simultaneous tunneling and transport measurements we conclude that the upper critical field H-c2 always corresponds to the bottom of transition R similar to 0, while the top R similar to R-n occurs close to the critical field for destruction of surface superconductivity H-c3 similar or equal to 1.7H(c2). The two-dimensional nature of superconductivity at H > H-c2 is confirmed by cusplike angular dependence of magnetoresistance. Our data indicates that surface superconductivity is remarkably robust even in disordered polycrystalline films and, surprisingly, even in perpendicular magnetic fields. We conclude that surface superconductivity, rather than flux-flow phenomenon, inhomogeneity, or superconducting fluctuations, is the primary cause of broadening of superconducting transition in magnetic field.
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