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- Shimoura, S., et al.
(author)
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Lifetime of the isomeric O-2(+) state in Be-12
- 2007
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 654:3-4, s. 87-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mean lifetime tau of the isomeric O-2(+) state in Be-12 has been determined by measuring decay spectra of delayed y-rays from stopped Be-12 2 nuclei produced by the projectile fragmentation of O-18 at 100 A MeV. A consistent value of tau = 331 +/- 12 ns was obtained from the time spectra of the E2 gamma decay to the 2(1)(+) state and the positron annihilation following the E0 decay to the ground state. Based on the observed branching ratio between the E2 and E0 decays, transition strengths of the two decay modes were deduced to be B(E2; O-2(+) -> 2(1)(+)) = 7.0 +/- 0.6 e(2) fm(4) and 2 1 1 (O-2(+) Sigma(i) e(i) r(i)(2) O-1(+)), = 0.87 +/- 0.03 e fM(2), respectively. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Bryant, M.D., et al.
(author)
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Headwater Streams in Southeast Alaska: Why Do We Care?
- 2005
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Headwater streams may comprise more than 70% of the area of a watershed and until recently, they have been largely over-looked by managers and ecologists in Southeast Alaska and elsewhere. However, their importance in shaping downstream processes isbecoming more widely recognized. Recently, a series of studies were completed in Southeast Alaska that examined the physical and biological features of headwater streams. We review and synthesize these studies to define headwater stream characteristics in Southeast Alaska, describe some processes that occur in these streams, and discuss their importance to watersheds. Alterations in large wood abundance anddistribution have predictable effects on sediment storage and transport in headwater streams. Legacy wood remaining in streams more than 25 yrs after logging was an important structural component. Invertebrate populations captured in drift samples arediverse, and more than 60 % of the taxa were aquatic. Downstream transport of invertebrate drift from reaches without fish may be an important to juvenile fish residing in the lower reaches. Drift density is inversely related to stream discharge, so smallstreams may provide better foraging and growth potential. Resident and anadromous fish live and spawn in headwater reaches with gradients > 10 % and occupied small step pools formed by large woody debris. Dolly Varden were the dominant species in higher gradient reaches, but juvenile coho were also present. Steelhead were seasonal residents. Headwater streams link hill slope processes to watersheds and can have important consequences for salmonid populations throughout a watershed
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- Bryant, M.D., et al.
(author)
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Structures Linking Physical and Biological Processes in Headwater Streams of the Maybeso Watershed, Southeast Alaska
- 2007
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In: Forest Science 53:371-383.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We focus on headwater streams originating in the mountainous terrain of northern temperate rain forests. These streams rapidly descend from gradients greater than 20% to less than 5% in U-shaped glacial valleys. We use a set of studies on headwater streams in southeast Alaska to define headwater stream catchments, link physical and biological processes, and describe their significance within watersheds. We separate headwater stream systems into four units that have distinct hydrologic and geomorphic processes that link terrestrial processes to aquatic systems. Headwater streams collect, process, and transport material downstream. Physical and biological processes in headwater streams are complex and closely tied to terrestrial processes. Steps and step pools formed by large wood are keystone structures that link physical processes to biological processes and increase channel complexity. Large and coarse wood debris dams form in-channel step structures and act as valves that regulate the downstream flow of material. A large amount of inorganic and organic sediment is stored in step structures, which may be biological hotspots in headwater streams. Step pools formed by large woody debris are critical habitat for Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), steelhead (0. mykiss), and cutthroat trout (0. clarkii) in reaches with gradients from less than 4% to those greater than 10%. Landslides and debris flows are the dominant channel-altering processes in headwater streams and remove the step profile. Management activities that increase the number and frequency of channel disturbance events in headwater streams can have important and long-term consequences throughout a watershed
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- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(author)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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In: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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