| 1. |
- Agner, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Contact sensitisation in hand eczema patients-relation to subdiagnosis, severity and quality of life: a multi-centre study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - 0105-1873. ; 61:5, s. 291-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Contact sensitisation has been identified as a factor associated with poor prognosis for patients with hand eczema. Objectives To study implications of contact sensitisation with respect to severity, quality of life (QoL) and subdiagnosis of hand eczema. Methods The study was performed as a multi-centre, cross-sectional study from 10 European clinics. All patients were patch tested, and severity of hand eczema assessed by Hand Eczema Severity Index. A multi-variate analysis was performed to explore which factors influenced severity, QoL and sick leave. Results A total 416 patients were included, and 63% had contact sensitisation to one or more of the tested allergens. More women (66%) than men (51%) were sensitized. No significant association was found between sensitisation to specific allergens, disease severity, QoL or diagnostic subgroups. High age, male sex, atopic eczema and presence of contact sensitisation were independent risk factors for increased severity as measured by Hand Eczema Severity Index. Furthermore, the severity of hand eczema increased by the number of contact sensitisations detected (P = 0.023). High age and personal history of atopic eczema were independent risk factors for low QoL, as measured by Dermatology Life Quality Index, and atopic eczema as well as allergic contact dermatitis as subdiagnosis was associated with increased sick leave. Conclusion Diagnostic subgroups were not found to be related to specific allergens. Contact sensitisation was found to be a risk factor for increased severity of hand eczema, as did high age, male sex and atopic eczema.
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| 2. |
- Agner, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Hand eczema severity and quality of life: a cross-sectional, multicentre study of hand eczema patients
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 59:1, s. 43-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Hand eczema is a chronic disease with negative impact on quality of life (QoL). In this study, QoL in hand eczema patients is assessed and related to age, sex, severity, and diagnostic subgroups. Methods: A total of 416 patients with hand eczema from 10 European patch test clinics participated in the study. Data on QoL were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Severity was assessed by a scoring system (Hand Eczema Severity Index, HECSI) as well as frequency of eruptions and sick leave due to hand eczema. Results: No significant difference was found between males and females with respect to QoL [DLQI median values and 25/75 percentiles for males and females being 7.0 (3-14) and 8.0 (3-13), respectively], although males were more severely affected than females (P < 0.025). A significant positive correlation was found for hand eczema severity and age (P < 0.001), while no significant correlation was found for QoL and age. QoL was found increasingly reduced when sick leave was getting higher (P < 0.001). A statistically significant correlation between QoL (as measured by DLQI) and hand eczema severity as measured by HECSI was found (P < 0.001). No significant difference in QoL was found between diagnostic subgroups. Conclusions: QoL was found markedly negatively affected in hand eczema patients and was significantly correlated to disease severity. No significant difference in QoL was found between males and females, in spite of significantly more severe eczema in males, indicating that QoL in female patients is more easily affected.
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| 3. |
- Balato, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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European Task Force on Contact Dermatitis statement on coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) outbreak and the risk of adverse cutaneous reactions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 34:8, s. 353-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the basic protective measures against COVID-19, the need to wash hands frequently and in a prolonged way using soap, and to regularly use alcohol-based hand sanitizers is well established for the whole population. Healthcare workers in general, and particularly those involved in the direct care of COVID-19 patients, have to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) daily for many hours and also accomplish general preventive measurements outside their work. Cutaneous adverse reactions can develop that need to be prevented, identified and therapeutically managed. According to the data reported by Lin et al 1, based in the experience from healthcare workers in Wuhan, adverse skin reactions were reported in 74% of responders (n=376) to a general survey. The most commonly reported types of eruptions were skin dryness or desquamation (68.6%), papules or erythema (60.4%) and maceration (52,9%).
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| 4. |
- Baldaque-Silva, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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Endoscopic assessment and grading of Barrett's esophagus using magnification endoscopy and narrow band imaging: Impact of structured learning and experience on the accuracy of the Amsterdam classification system
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 48:2, s. 160-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Several classification systems have been launched to characterize Barrett's esophagus (BE) mucosa using magnification endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI). The good accuracy and interobserver agreement described in the early reports were not reproduced subsequently. Recently, we reported somewhat higher accuracy of the classification developed by the Amsterdam group. The critical question then formulated was whether a structured learning program and the level of experience would affect the clinical usefulness of this classification. Material & methods: Two hundred and nine videos were prospectively captured from patients with BE using ME-NBI. From these, 70 were randomly selected and evaluated by six endoscopists with different levels of expertise, using a dedicated software application. First, an educational set was studied. Thereafter, the 70 test videos were evaluated. After classification of each video, the respective histological feedback was automatically given. Results. Within the learning process, there was a decrease in the time needed for evaluation and an increase in the certainty of prediction. The accuracy did not increase with the learning process. The sensitivity for detection of intestinal metaplasia ranged between 39% and 57%, and for neoplasia between 62% and 90%, irrespective of assessor's expertise. The kappa coefficient for the interobserver agreement ranged from 0.25 to 0.30 for intestinal metaplasia, and from 0.39 to 0.48 for neoplasia. Conclusion: Using a dedicated learning program, the ME-NBI Amsterdam classification system is suboptimal in terms of accuracy and inter- and intraobserver agreements. These results reiterate the questionable utility of corresponding classification system in clinical routine practice.
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| 5. |
- Bruze, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Contact Allergy to Fragrance Mix II and Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde : A Retrospective Study by International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug. - 1710-3568. ; 31:4, s. 268-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fragrance mix II (FM II) is included in the baseline patch test series recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) is the most important sensitizer of the 6 fragrance materials included in FM II. Besides being a part of FM II, HICC is also tested separately in the ICDRG baseline series. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to FM II and HICC in 2012-2016 with a focus on simultaneous reactions and the percentage of missed contact allergy to HICC provided that only FM II had been tested. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 25,019 consecutive dermatitis patients in 13 dermatology clinics representing 12 countries in 5 continents were patch tested with FM II and HICC in the baseline series. RESULTS: Contact allergy to FM II and HICC was found in 3.9% and 1.6%, respectively. For FM II, the frequency varied from 1.5% to 7.6% in different centers. The corresponding range for HICC was 0.2% to 3.6%. Simultaneous contact allergy to FM II and HICC was noted in 1.4% with the range 0.2% to 2.6%. Seventy-seven patients (0.31%) with contact allergy to HICC did not test positively to FM II. The range for missed HICC allergy by testing only FM II in the different centers would be 0.04% to 0.74%. The ratio between the contact allergy rates for FM II and HICC was similar for all centers, except for Montreal having significantly more contact allergy to FM II than to HICC. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of missed contact allergy to HICC when testing only with FM II was less than 0.5%, therefore questioning the need to test HICC separately in the ICDRG baseline series.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bruze, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The significance of batch and patch test method in establishing contact allergy to fragrance mix I—EDEN Fragrance Study Group
- 2019
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 81:1, s. 104-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A fragrance mix consisting of eight separate fragrance ingredients (fragrance mix I [FM I]) is present in most baseline patch test series. Patch testing with the TRUE Test technique is considered to detect less contact allergy to FM I than testing with the Finn Chamber technique. Objective: To investigate the possible significance of batch and patch test method in establishing contact allergy to FM I. Methods: Three thousand one hundred and nineteen individuals representing a sample of the general population were patch tested with two batches of FM I with two patch test techniques at six dermatology clinics in five European countries. The TRUE Test technique and the Finn Chamber technique with pet. preparations were used. McNemar's test was used for statistical calculations. Results: The contact allergy prevalences varied between 0.7% and 2.6%. The patch tests with the mixes containing Evernia prunastri (oak moss) with a high content of chloratranol/atranol resulted in substantially more positive reactions than the corresponding tests with the mixes containing oak moss with a low content of chloratranol/atranol. The Finn Chamber technique detected significantly more contact allergic reactions than the TRUE Test technique (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The Finn Chamber technique detects more contact allergy to FM I than the TRUE Test technique.
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| 9. |
- Cassalia, Fortunato, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Perceptions of Skin Condition, Product Use and Allergen Reactivity Between People with Psoriasis and Controls in the European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) Fragrance Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - 0001-5555. ; 104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, goes beyond visible symptoms and affects the general well-being of patients. The aim of this study is to understand how patients with psoriasis perceive their skin characteristics and reactivity to allergens. The study population includes 11,283 participants within the European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) Fragrance study, covering several European regions. The study compared perceptions of skin dryness, sensitivity, product avoidance and reactivity to allergens between patients with psoriasis and controls, evaluating the potential influence of psoriasis severity. The results showed that subjects with psoriasis reported dry skin (71.1%) and sensitive skin (49.4%) more often than did controls (51.6% and 38.5%, respectively). Psoriasis patients were more likely to avoid specific products. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in patch-test results between the 2 groups and the severity of psoriasis did not have a consistent impact on these perceptions. In conclusion, people with psoriasis tend to perceive their skin as drier and more sensitive. Notably, the severity of psoriasis did not consistently influence these perceptions and objective reactivity to allergens did not align with subjective perception. Understanding these aspects is crucial for tailoring treatments to improve the well-being of patients with psoriasis, which warrants further research to explore subjective perceptions of skin well-being in patients with psoriasis.
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| 10. |
- Curveira-Santos, Goncalo, et al.
(författare)
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Broad aggressive interactions among African carnivores suggest intraguild killing is driven by more than competition
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 103:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theory on intraguild killing (IGK) is central to mammalian carnivore community ecology and top-down ecosystem regulation. Yet, the cryptic nature of IGK hinders empirical evaluations. Using a novel data source - online photographs of interspecific aggression between African carnivores - we revisited existing predictions about the extent and drivers of IGK. Compared with seminal reviews, our constructed IGK network yielded 10 more species and nearly twice as many interactions. The extent of interactions increased 37% when considering intraguild aggression (direct attack) as a precursor of killing events. We show that IGK occurs over a wider range of body-mass ratios than predicted by standing competition-based views, with highly asymmetrical interactions being pervasive. Evidence that large species, particularly hypercarnivore felids, target sympatric carnivores with a wide range of body sizes suggests that current IGK theory is incomplete, underestimating alternative competition pathways and the role of predatory and incidental killing. Our findings reinforce the potential for IGK-mediated cascades in species-rich assemblages and community-wide suppressive effects of large carnivores.
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| 11. |
- Curveira-Santos, Goncalo, et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean mesocarnivores in spatially structured managed landscapes : community organisation in time and space
- 2017
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 237, s. 280-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the multi-functional and biodiverse cork oak landscapes of Iberia (Montado), agro-silvo-pastoral practices promote landscape heterogeneity and create intricate habitat and resource availability patterns. We used camera-traps to investigate the temporal and spatial organisation of a mesocarnivore community in a Montado landscape in central Portugal. The target carnivore assemblage was largely dominated by three generalist species - the red fox Vulpes vulpes, the European badger Meles metes and the Egyptian mongoose Herpestes ichneumon - while remaining community members - the common genet Genetta genetta and the feral cat Felis silvestris spp. - exhibited restricted distributions. Interspecific differences in activity rhythms and habitat use were particularly marked among widespread species. Low temporal overlap was reported between the diurnal mongoose and predominantly nocturnal red fox and badger. For the latter two species, contrasting differences in habitat use were associated with anthropogenic-induced environmental heterogeneity. Whereas the red fox used more intensively Montado areas preserving dense shrubby understory and avoided semi-disturbed mosaics of sparse shrubs, the badgers displayed the opposite pattern. Our findings add to previous evidence suggesting that the spatial structure created in highly managed landscapes, particularly the diversity of resulting understory structures, promotes the abundance and spread of generalist mesocarnivore species. These may benefit from the surplus of resource amount (e.g. prey) and the creation of different human-made habitats conditions that provide particular combinations of ecological resources favourable to each species requirements. We concur the common view that maintaining understory heterogeneity in Montado landscapes, menaced by current intensification and extensification trends, is important where carnivore persistence is a relevant conservation goal, but alert for potential effects on carnivore assemblages structuring and impacts for specialist species less tolerant to disturbance.
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| 12. |
- Diepgen, Thomas L, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Contact Allergy to p-Phenylenediamine in the European General Population.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-1747 .- 0022-202X. ; 136:2, s. 409-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population-based studies on contact allergy to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) are scarce. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence of contact allergy to PPD and its risk factors in the general population of 5 European countries. A total of 10,425 subjects were interviewed, and a random sample (n = 2,739) was patch tested to PPD. Overall, 5,286 individuals (50.9%) reported having used hair colorants at least once in their lifetime (78% female, 20% male), and 35% had used hair colorants during the last 12 months. Hair colorant avoidance because of any skin problem during the lifetime was reported by 6%. Black henna tattoos had been used by 5.5% during their lifetime. The prevalence of PPD contact allergy was 0.8% (95% confidence interval 0.6-1.0%), with no statistically significant association with gender or hair dye use. The prevalence of PPD in black henna tattoo users was 3.2% versus 0.6% in nonusers (P < 0.001). A clinically relevant positive patch test reaction to PPD related to hair coloring products was found in 0.1% (95% confidence interval 0.0-0.2%). A significant association with PPD contact allergy was observed for subjects who had black henna tattoos in their lifetime, with an age- and gender-adjusted odds ratio of 9.33 (95% confidence interval 3.45-25.26, P < 0.001). Black henna tattoos are an important risk factor for PPD contact allergy.
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| 13. |
- Gonçalo, Margarida, et al.
(författare)
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Allergic contact dermatitis caused by nail acrylates in Europe. An EECDRG study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 78:4, s. 254-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by nail acrylates, also including methacrylates and cyanoacrylates here, is being increasingly reported. Methods: A retrospective study in 11 European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG) clinics collected information on cases of ACD caused by nail acrylates diagnosed by aimed testing between 2013 and 2015. Results: Among 18 228 studied patients, 136 had ACD caused by nail acrylates (0.75%; 95%CI: 0.60–0.90), representing 67.3% (95%CI: 60.4–73.7) of ACD cases caused by acrylates. There were 135 females and 1 male, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 36.7 ± 12.2 years; 59 (43.4%) were exposed as consumers, and 77 (56.6%) were occupationally exposed. Occupational cases were more frequent in southern Europe (83.7%), and were younger (mean age of 33.4 ± 8.9 years); most developed ACD during the first year at work (65.0%), and at least 11.7% had to leave their jobs. Skin lesions involved the hands in 121 patients (88.9%) and the face in 50 (36.8%), with the face being the only affected site in 14 (10.3%). Most patients reacted to two or more acrylates on patch testing, mainly to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (92.5%), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (88.6%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (69.2%), and ethyl cyanoacrylate (9.9%). Conclusions: Nail cosmetics were responsible for the majority of ACD cases caused by acrylates, affecting nail beauticians and consumers, and therefore calling for stricter regulation and preventive measures. As HEMA detects most cases, and isolated facial lesions may be overlooked, inclusion of this allergen in the baseline series may be warranted.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Isaksson, Marléne, et al.
(författare)
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Patch Testing with a New Composition of the Mercapto Mix - A Multicenter Study from the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 32:3, s. 160-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Mercaptobenzothiazole compounds are associated with allergic contact dermatitis caused by rubber products. Several screening substances have been used for patch testing. Objective To compare the frequency of positive test reactions to a mercapto mix containing a higher concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with reactions to the combination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole 2.0% and mercapto mix 2.0%. Methods There were 7103 dermatitis patients in 12 International Contact Dermatitis Research Group dermatology departments who were patch tested with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole 2.0% petrolatum (pet.), mercapto mix 2.0% pet., and mercapto mix 3.5% pet. Results Contact allergy to the 3 test preparations varied among the 12 centers: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole 2.0% pet. (0-2.4%), mercapto mix 2.0% pet. (0-4.9%), and mercapto mix 3.5% pet. (0-1.4%). 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole 2.0% and mercapto mix 2.0% detected a few more positive patients compared with mercapto mix 3.5%, but the difference was statistically insignificant (mercapto mix 2.0% pet., P = 1.0; 2-mercapto-benzothiazole 2.0% pet., P = 0.66). Conclusions Mercapto mix 3.5% pet. is not better than 2-mercaptobenzothiazole 2.0% and mercapto mix 2.0% by a difference that is significant. By using only 1 test preparation (mercapto mix 3.5%), an additional hapten could be tested. No cases of suspected/proven patch test sensitization were registered.
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| 16. |
- Isaksson, Marléne, et al.
(författare)
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Patch Testing with Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Using a New Diagnostic Mix - A Multicenter Study from the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 32:4, s. 220-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In the early 1980s, a preservative containing a mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) in a ratio of 3:1 was introduced. This mixture (mix) has been patch tested at 100 ppm (0.01%) worldwide and at 200 ppm (0.02%) in Sweden since 1986 and also in the European baseline series since 2014. Objective A new aqueous mix of MCI 0.015% and MI 0.2% was compared with patch testing with the 2 aqueous baseline preparations of MCI/MI 0.02% and MI 0.2%. Methods Four thousand three hundred ninety-seven patients with dermatitis in 12 International Contact Dermatitis Research Group dermatology departments from 3 continents were patch tested simultaneously with the 3 preparations. Results The frequency of positive patch tests to the allergens varied between 0% and 26.7% in the 12 test centers. The new mixture MCI/MI 0.215% in aqua (aq) detected significantly more patients with MCI/MI allergy than both MCI/MI 0.02% aq (P < 0.001) and MI 0.2% aq (P < 0.001) alone and combined. Conclusions The results favor replacing the preparations MCI/MI 0.02% aq and MI 0.2% aq with the mixture MCI/MI 0.215% aq in the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group baseline series.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Johansen, Jeanne D., et al.
(författare)
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European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline for diagnostic patch testing : recommendations on best practice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 73:4, s. 195-221
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present guideline summarizes all aspects of patch testing for the diagnosis of contact allergy in patients suspected of suffering, or having been suffering, from allergic contact dermatitis or other delayed-type hypersensitivity skin and mucosal conditions. Sections with brief descriptions and discussions of different pertinent topics are followed by a highlighted short practical recommendation. Topics comprise, after an introduction with important definitions, materials, technique, modifications of epicutaneous testing, individual factors influencing the patch test outcome or necessitating special considerations, children, patients with occupational contact dermatitis and drug eruptions as special groups, patch testing of materials brought in by the patient, adverse effects of patch testing, and the final evaluation and patient counselling based on this judgement. Finally, short reference is made to aspects of (continuing) medical education and to electronic collection of data for epidemiological surveillance.
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| 20. |
- Lejding, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Samples From Countries Within and Outside the EU : A Study From the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
- 2023
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Ingår i: Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1710-3568. ; 34:4, s. 323-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. The content of Cr(VI) in cement can be reduced by, for example, addition of iron(II) sulfate. Since 2005 the content of Cr(VI) in cement is regulated in the EU Directive 2003/53/EC and must not exceed 2 ppm. Since this regulation came into force, ACD caused by cement has markedly been reduced. Objective: To investigate Cr(VI) and total chromium content in samples of cement from countries within and outside the EU. Methods: The members of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) were invited to participate in the study with the aim to collect cement samples from geographically different areas. The content of Cr(VI) in the samples was estimated by the diphenyl carbazide spot test, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess the total chromium content. Results: Forty-five cement samples were analyzed, containing amounts of Cr(VI) from <0.1 to >70 ppm. Twenty-one samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), 24 contained less. Four of 17 samples from within the EU contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), that is, higher amounts than stipulated in the EU directive, as compared with 17 samples from countries outside the EU. Conclusion: In countries outside the EU, significantly more cement samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI).
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| 21. |
- Morgardt-Ryberg, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Patch testing with a textile dye mix - a multicentre study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 71:4, s. 215-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disperse dyes are well-known contact sensitizers. However, they are not included in the majority of commercially available baseline patch test series.
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| 22. |
- Muris, Joris, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitization to palladium in Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 72:1, s. 11-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRecently, sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2PdCl4) was found to be a more sensitive palladium patch test allergen than palladium dichloride (PdCl2). ObjectivesTo determine the optimal test concentration of Na2PdCl4, to evaluate the prevalence of palladium sensitization with Na2PdCl4 and PdCl2, and to compare the results with nickel sensitization in a European multicentre study. Materials and methodsIn addition to the European or national baseline series including NiSO(4)6H(2)0 5% pet., consecutive patients were tested with PdCl2 and Na2PdCl4 2%, 3% and 4% pet. in eight European dermatology clinics. The age and sex distributions were also evaluated in patients sensitized to nickel and palladium. ResultsIn total, 1651 patients were tested. Relative to 3% Na2PdCl4, 4% Na2PdCl4 did not add any information. Two per cent Na2PdCl4 resulted in more doubtful reactions and showed suboptimal reactivity. The prevalence of palladium sensitization doubled with Na2PdCl4 and was similar to that of nickel. Interestingly, in contrast to nickel sensitization, palladium sensitization was not related to female sex. ConclusionsThree per cent Na2PdCl4 pet. is the most suitable patch test concentration. Sensitization to palladium is almost as prevalent as sensitization to nickel. The sex distribution is different between nickel-sensitized and palladium-sensitized patients, suggesting different sources of exposure.
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| 23. |
- Naldi, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Self-reported Skin Complaints and Avoidance of Common Daily Life Consumer Products in Selected European Regions.
- 2014
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Ingår i: JAMA Dermatology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6084 .- 2168-6068. ; 150:2, s. 154-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Skin disorders are common in the general population, and they may be associated with significant disability. The use of daily skin products may affect the appearance and severity of skin conditions. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of reported itchy rash lasting longer than 3 days among the general population and to evaluate lifetime avoidance of different types of consumer products because of skin problems. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) Fragrance Study comprised a large descriptive epidemiological survey of the general population conducted in 6 European regions from August 20, 2008, to October 10, 2011. Participants were a random sample of individuals aged 18 to 74 years, based on electoral precincts. The participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. EXPOSURES Lifetime exposure to products of common use was considered, including toiletry items that remained on the skin or were rinsed off and household and functional items. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The 1-month, 1-year, and lifetime age-standardized prevalence rates of itchy rash that lasted longer than 3 days. RESULTS In total, 12 377 individuals (53.9% female; median age, 43 years) were interviewed. The overall prevalences of itchy rash were 19.3% (95% CI, 18.6%-20.0%) during the month preceding the interview, 31.8% (95% CI, 31.0%-32.6%) during the preceding year, and 51.7% (95% CI, 50.8%-52.6%) over a lifetime. In addition, the percentage of individuals who reported avoidance of any product varied from 37.0% for products intended to be left on the skin to 17.7% for household or functional products. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings confirmed the magnitude of skin problems among the general population reported in other surveys. Although itchy rash is a nonspecific manifestation, it may be considered in epidemiological surveys to reflect a constellation of skin conditions and to summarize the burden of these conditions on general health.
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| 24. |
- Pereira, Manuel P, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic Nodular Prurigo : A European Cross-sectional Study of Patient Perspectives on Therapeutic Goals and Satisfaction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2057. ; 101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic nodular prurigo is characterized by recalcitrant itch. Patient perspectives on therapeutic goals, satisfaction with therapy and efficacy of therapeutic regimens for this condition are unknown. This questionnaire study examined these issues in 406 patients with chronic nodular prurigo from 15 European dermatological centres. Improvements in itch, skin lesions and sleep were the most important goals. Emollients, topical corticosteroids and antihistamines were the most frequently used treatments, while a minority of patients were prescribed potent medications, such as systemic immunosuppressants and gabapentinoids. Most patients were not satisfied with their previous therapy (56.8%), while 9.8% did not receive any therapy despite having active disease. A substantial number of respondents (28.7%) considered none of the therapeutic options effective. Although chronic nodular prurigo is a severe disease, most patients were not treated with potent systemic drugs, which may contribute to the high levels of dissatisfaction and disbelief in available therapies. Specific guidelines for chronic nodular prurigo and the development of novel therapies are necessary to improve care.
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| 25. |
- Pontén, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Patch testing with 2.0% (0.60 mg/cm(2) ) formaldehyde instead of 1.0% (0.30 mg/cm(2) ) detects significantly more contact allergy.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 68:1, s. 50-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.The currently used patch test concentration for formaldehyde is 1.0% (wt/vol) in water. However, clinical experience and previous studies suggest that 1.0% might be insufficient for detecting an optimized number of clinically relevant cases of contact allergy to formaldehyde. Objectives.To validate earlier patch test results for comparison of 1% (wt/vol) and 2% (wt/vol) formaldehyde in water, and to investigate co-reactivity with quaternium-15. Materials and methods.In 12 dermatology clinics, 3591 patients were routinely patch tested simultaneously with 2.0% (wt/vol) (0.60 mg/cm(2) ) and 1.0% (wt/vol) (0.30 mg/cm(2) ) formaldehyde. Micropipettes were used for delivering the exact dosage of the allergen. Results.Significantly more patients reacted to 2.0% formaldehyde than to 1.0% (3.4% versus 1.8%, p < 0.001). Overall, there were no sex differences between those reacting positively to 2.0% and 1.0%. Of 25 quaternium-15-positive patients, 4 (0.1%) reacted positively without reacting to formaldehyde. Conclusion.On the basis of the results of this multicentre study, as well as of previous studies, it can be suggested that 2.0% (wt/vol) in water formaldehyde should be used in routine patch testing in the baseline series.
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| 26. |
- Rosalino, Luís M., et al.
(författare)
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Three decades of research on Iberian wild Carnivora : trends, highlights, and future directions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mammal Review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0305-1838 .- 1365-2907. ; 53:4, s. 254-270
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mammalian carnivores (Carnivora) are crucial components of landscapes, because of both their top-down effects on lower trophic level species and their sensitivity to bottom-up processes, such as limited food resources (e.g. due to climate instability). To understand their functional role in Iberian ecosystems more clearly, and to define effective plans for their management and conservation, it is crucial to sum up the available regional knowledge that can inform decision-making processes.We review bio-ecological research on wild Iberian carnivores over 30 years (1990–2020) and identify key knowledge gaps and priority avenues for future research. Based on a systematic review of the scientific literature, we aimed to: 1) summarise current knowledge; 2) assess species and ecoregion representativeness; 3) identify key research topics addressed and those lacking investment and 4) suggest key future research priorities.We examined 920 peer-reviewed articles involving wild Iberian mammalian carnivores, focusing on different bio-ecological issues. We found considerable heterogeneity in the topics and species investigated, as well as in the study areas (ecoregions) explored, with a mismatch between the research priorities identified by researchers and the knowledge gaps.We suggest that future research should prioritise: 1) rear-edge populations that are at the southwestern limits of the species' Eurasian range, thus being particularly sensitive to the increasing fragmentation and aridity of Iberian ecosystems, and that were less studied (e.g. brown bear Ursus arctos, stoat Mustela erminea, European mink Mustela lutreola and pine marten Martes martes); 2) less-studied topics, such as morphometry and body condition, ecophysiology, and reproductive biology, all of which provide essential information for species' management and conservation and 3) specific ecoregions for which studies on species' adaptations to environmental and anthropic contexts are lacking (e.g. northern ecoregions of Iberia, Iberian conifer forests and Northwest Iberian montane forests). Our review provides the necessary background to support future research on carnivore populations in Iberia.
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| 27. |
- Rossi, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Feasibility of an International Study Assessing the Prevalence of Contact Allergy to Fragrances in the General Population: The European Dermato-Epidemiology Network Fragrance Study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dermatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9832 .- 1018-8665. ; 221:3, s. 267-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Data on contact allergy to fragrances in the general population are limited. Data from allergological services suggest that the frequency of contact allergy to fragrances is increasing. The European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) Fragrance Study aims to obtain reliable data on the prevalence of contact allergy to fragrances and other sensitizers of the European baseline series, in the general population of different geographical areas of Europe. We report the methodology and the reliability of instruments adopted and discuss the feasibility based on a pilot phase. Methods: Descriptive epidemiology survey. A random sample from the general population is selected and interviewed, and is offered patch testing in a randomized way. We specifically enquire about any skin rash reported during the previous year, and any history of reactions to products that may contain the sensitizer and/or a history of avoidance of the same products. Patch test data are linked to the questionnaire information to define clinical relevance. Results: The questionnaire showed high test-retest reliability in 94 individuals. Patch test reading also showed a high level of interrater reliability. During the pilot phase, a total of 589 participants were recruited. Conclusions: The EDEN Fragrance Study is feasible and able to provide useful data on fragrance allergy. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 28. |
- Schuttelaar, Marie L.A., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of contact allergy to metals in the European general population with a focus on nickel sulfate and piercings : The EDEN Fragrance Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 79:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies on sensitization to metals in the general population are scarce. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of sensitization to metals in the general population, and factors associated with nickel sensitization. Methods: In 5 European countries (The Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Sweden), a random sample (N =3119) from the general population (aged 18-74years) was patch tested and interviewed by use of a questionnaire on exposure to metals, piercing, and jewellery. Results: Overall, the age-standardized prevalences of sensitization to nickel, cobalt and chromium were, respectively, 14.5%, 2.1%, and 0.8%. The highest prevalence of nickel sensitization was seen in Portugal (18.5%) and the lowest (8.3%) in Sweden. The prevalence of cobalt sensitization varied between 3.8% (The Netherlands) and 0.9% (Italy), and the prevalence of chromium sensitization varied between 1.3% (Portugal) and 0.2% (Sweden). Significant associations were observed between nickel allergy and female sex (odds ratio [OR] 5.19; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 3.99-6.74), past piercing use (OR 3.86; 95%CI: 2.85-5.24), and currently having ≥3 piercings (OR 5.58; 95%CI: 4.02-7.76). Conclusions: The prevalence of sensitization to metals in the European general population was high, mostly because of nickel. The lowest prevalence of contact allergy to nickel and chromium observed in Sweden supports the effectiveness of long-standing regulation.
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| 29. |
- Schwensen, Jakob F., et al.
(författare)
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The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone : A European prospective study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 76:5, s. 272-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of methylisothiazolinone (MI) in cosmetic products has caused an unprecedented epidemic of MI contact allergy. Current data concerning exposures at a European level are required. Objectives: To describe demographics and MI exposures for European patients with MI contact allergy. Methods: Eleven European dermatology departments from eight European countries prospectively collected data between 1 May and 31 October 2015 among consecutive patients who had positive patch test reactions to MI (2000ppm aq.). Results: A total of 6.0% (205/3434; range 2.6-13.0%) of patients had positive patch test reactions to MI. Dermatitis most frequently affected the hands (43.4%), face (32.7%), arms (14.6%), and eyelids (11.7%); 12.7% had widespread dermatitis. For 72.7% (149/205), MI contact allergy was currently relevant mainly because of exposure to cosmetic products (83.2%; 124/149). Of these 124 patients, 19.5% were exposed to leave-on and rinse-off cosmetic products, 24.8% only to leave-on cosmetic products and 38.9% only to rinse-off cosmetic products containing MI or methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI. The majority of these (79%) noted onset of their dermatitis between 2013 and 2015. Fifteen patients (7.3%) had previously experienced allergic reactions when they were in newly painted rooms. Conclusion: Clinically relevant MI contact allergy remains prevalent across European countries, mainly because of exposure to rinse-off and leave-on cosmetic products.
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| 30. |
- Sosted, Heidi, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to common ingredients in hair dyes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 69:1, s. 32-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is the primary patch test screening agent for hair dye contact allergy, and approximately 100 different hair dye chemicals are allowed. Objectives To examine whether PPD is an optimal screening agent for diagnosing hair dye allergy or whether other clinically important sensitizers exist. Methods Two thousand nine hundred and thirty-nine consecutive patients in 12 dermatology clinics were patch tested with five hair dyes available from patch test suppliers. Furthermore, 22 frequently used hair dye ingredients not available from patch test suppliers were tested in subgroups of approximate to 500 patients each. Results A positive reaction to PPD was found in 4.5% of patients, and 2.8% reacted to toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD), 1.8% to p-aminophenol, 1% to m-aminophenol, and 0.1% to resorcinol; all together, 5.3% (n=156). Dying hair was the most frequently reported cause of the allergy (55.4%); so-called temporary henna' tattoos were the cause in 8.5% of the cases. p-Methylaminophenol gave a reaction in 20 patients (2.2%), 3 of them with clinical relevance, and no co-reaction with the above five well-known hair dyes. Conclusions Hair dyes are the prime cause of PPD allergy. PPD identifies the majority of positive reactions to PTD, p-aminophenol and m-aminophenol, but not all, which justifies additional testing with hair dye ingredients from the used product.
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| 31. |
- Sukakul, Thanisorn, et al.
(författare)
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Results of patch testing with five fragrance materials hitherto not tested : A dose-finding study in the clinical population
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - 0105-1873.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for skin sensitization is used to derive safe use levels of sensitising fragrance ingredients in products. Post-marketing surveillance of the prevalence of contact allergy to these ingredients provides relevant data to help evaluate the performance of these measures. Objectives: To determine a suitable patch test concentration for five fragrance materials that had hitherto not been tested on a regular basis. These concentrations are then to be used in a surveillance study with patch testing consecutive patients over an extended monitoring period. Materials and Methods: Furaneol, CAS.3658-77-3; trans-2-hexenal, CAS.6728-26-3; 4,8-dimethyl-4,9-decadienal, CAS.71077-31-1; longifolene, CAS.475-20-7; benzaldehyde, CAS.10052-7, were patch tested with other fragrance allergens in four clinics. Patch testing was conducted in three rounds, starting with the lowest concentrations of the five ingredients. The doses were increased in the subsequent rounds if no late-appearing positive reactions and virtually no irritant reactions were reported. Results: Overall, 373 patients were tested. No positive allergic reaction was reported to the five ingredients. Patch test results of other fragrance allergens are reported. Conclusions: The highest test concentrations are each considered safe for patch testing consecutive patients. Further surveillance based on these preparations will evaluate the hypothesis that QRA-driven consumer product levels of these fragrances can prevent sensitization.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Svedman, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Patch Testing With Nickel Sulfate 5.0% Traces Significantly More Contact Allergy Than 2.5% : A Prospective Study Within the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 33:6, s. 417-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Nickel allergy is the most common contact allergy, and a nickel salt is, therefore, included in most baseline patch test series. In the baseline series of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group and the American Contact Dermatitis Society, nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NSH) in petrolatum at 2.5% is included, whereas NSH at 5.0% is included in many other baseline series, such as the European and Swedish ones. Objective The aim of the study is to investigate whether NSH at 5.0% detects significantly more contact allergy than NSH 2.5% when both preparations are tested simultaneously in consecutive dermatitis patients. Patients and Methods Two thousand two hundred eighty-seven consecutive dermatitis patients were patch tested simultaneously with NSH in petrolatum at 2.5% and 5.0%. The allergy rates were compared for all clinics individually and combined using McNemar test, 2-sided. Results Contact allergy to NSH 5.0% and 2.5% was found in 20.3% and 16.8%, respectively (P < 0.0001). In 6 of 11 clinics, significantly more patients tested positive to the higher NSH concentration. For the 2 clinics in North America combined, significantly more patients tested positive to NSH 5.0%. Conclusions The NSH preparation in the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group baseline patch test series should be considered to be changed from NSH 2.5% (1 mg NSH/cm2) to 5.0% (2 mg NSH/cm2).
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| 34. |
- Thyssen, Jacob Pontoppidan, et al.
(författare)
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p-Phenylenediamine sensitization is more prevalent in central and southern European patch test centres than in Scandinavian: results from a multicentre study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 60:6, s. 314-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positive patch test reactions to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) are common. PPD is used in oxidative hair dyes and is also present in dark henna temporary 'tattoos'. Cross-sensitization to other contact allergens may occur. Because subjects sensitized to PPD are at risk of clinically severe reactions upon hair dyeing, there is a need for 'current' prevalence data on PPD sensitization. To compare PPD patch test results from dermatitis patients tested between 2003 and 2007 in 10 European patch test centres and to analyse the causes and determine relevance of positive PPD patch test reactions. Patch testing was performed using PPD (1% free base in petrolatum from Trolab (Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbeck, Germany) or Chemotechnique (Malmo, Sweden), equivalent to 0.090 mg/cm(2) in the TRUE (R) test from MEKOS Laboratories AS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test. The weighted average prevalence was 4.6% among 21 515 patients. PPD sensitization occurred more often in centres located in Central and Southern Europe than in Scandinavian centres (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval = 2.07-2.78). The overall proportion of positive patch test reactions to PPD that were registered as being of either current or 'past' relevance was high (weighted average 53.6% and 20.3%, respectively). Consumer hair dyeing was the most prominent cause of PPD sensitization (weighted average 41.8%). Furthermore, occupational hair dye exposure (10.6%) and cross-sensitization to textile dyes (12.6%) were frequently reported. PPD sensitization caused by exposure to hair dyes is frequent and remains a present problem for patients visiting contact dermatitis clinics, especially in patch test centres located in Central and Southern Europe.
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| 35. |
- Uter, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of contact allergies in the population compared to a tertiary referral patch test clinic in Jena/Germany
- 2021
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 85:5, s. 563-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The contact allergy prevalences in patch-tested patients are usually higher than those in the population, owing to morbidity-driven selection. Objectives: To examine the differences between two samples, one from the population, one from the patch test clinic, in one area of Germany (Jena, Thuringia). Methods: Between August 2008 and October 2011, a total of 519 participants of the population-based european dermato-epidemiology network (EDEN) fragrance study were patch tested in Jena using a TRUE Test baseline series extended with some pet.-based (fragrance) allergen preparations. Between 2007 and 2012 (inclusive), 1906 routine patients were patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the Jena University Hospital Department; of these 1694 (83.2%) with the German baseline series using pet./aq.-based, investigator-loaded allergens. Results: In the population (clinical) sample, 19.6% (41.1%) were sensitized to at least one of the allergens considered. The most common baseline series allergens in the population/clinical sample were nickel (10.5%/13.2%), fragrance mix (FM) II (2.9%/6.7%), FM I (2.3%/8.3%), and cobalt (1.6%/5%). The clinical sample was slightly older (71.5% vs 55.9% age 40+) and included less males (36% vs 49.3%). Conclusions: Results are quite similar, although prevalences are usually higher in the clinical setting, with the exception of p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin.
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| 36. |
- van Amerongen, Cynthia C.A., et al.
(författare)
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Skin exposure to scented products used in daily life and fragrance contact allergy in the European general population - The EDEN Fragrance Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 84:6, s. 385-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fragrances are widely used in scented products used in daily life with the potential to induce skin sensitization. Objective: To evaluate exposure to scented products and to explore associations between exposure and fragrance contact allergy. Methods: A cross-sectional study on individuals from 18 to 74 years of age, who were randomly selected from the general population in five European countries. A random sample (N = 3119) was patch tested and interviewed on exposure to scented products. Results: Female participants were strongly associated with exposure to scented products relative to male participants. Participants age 40 years and older showed an inverse association with exposure to scented products. Compared to Sweden, The Netherlands followed by Germany showed the highest overall exposure to scented products. Sensitive skin was associated with exposure to scented products and with fragrance allergy. In univariable regression analysis, exposure to leave-on products and to specific scented product subgroups was significantly associated with fragrance allergy. Conclusion: Exposure to scented products depends primarily on sex and age. Female sex and sensitive skin are relevant indicators for developing fragrance allergy. Because aggregate exposure, especially to scented leave-on products, may enhance the prevalence of contact allergy to fragrances, further investigations into exposure amounts and frequencies is warranted.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Wilkinson, S. Mark, et al.
(författare)
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The European baseline series and recommended additions : 2023
- 2023
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 88:2, s. 87-92
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European baseline series was last updated in 2019. This article discusses the reasoning behind a further iteration of the series for 2023.
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| 39. |
- Wilkinson, S. Mark, et al.
(författare)
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The European baseline series : Criteria for allergen inclusion (with reference to formaldehyde releasers)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 85:2, s. 125-128
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing criteria for inclusion in the European baseline series are summarized. Additional criteria are developed to aid decision making where the current criteria do not yield an unequivocal result. These include a consideration of whether an allergen (hapten) is better placed in a special series and the frequency with which an allergen cross-reacts with existing markers in the baseline series.
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