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- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 4. |
- Goncalves, Leticia C. P., et al.
(författare)
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Boosting photobioredox catalysis by morpholine electron donors under aerobic conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Catalysis Science & Technology. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2044-4753 .- 2044-4761. ; 9:10, s. 2682-2688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light-driven reduction of flavins, e.g. FAD or FMN, by sacrificial electron donors emerged as a convenient method to promote biocatalytic transformations. However, flavin activation has been restricted to oxygen-free conditions to prevent enzyme deactivation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we show that the photoreduction of FMN by morpholines, including 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), lessens the deactivation of the enoate reductase XenB from Pseudomonas sp. during the stereoselective asymmetric enzymatic reduction of a model ,-unsaturated diketone under aerobic conditions, leading to a 91% GC-yield and a stereoselectivity greater than 94%. The kinetic stability of the thermolabile XenB was increased by more than 20-fold in MOPS buffer compared to that in Tris-HCl buffer, and a pronounced positive effect on the transition midpoint temperature was observed. The reactive form of the FMN photocatalyst is stabilized by the formation of a (3)[FMN--MOPS+] ensemble, which reduces the formation of hydrogen peroxide and other ROS in the presence of oxygen. These results contribute to broaden the application of photobiocatalytic transformations using flavin-dependent reductases.
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| 5. |
- Goncalves, Leticia C. P., et al.
(författare)
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Morpholine-based buffers activate aerobic photobiocatalysis via spin correlated ion pair formation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Catalysis Science & Technology. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2044-4753 .- 2044-4761. ; 9:6, s. 1365-1371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of enzymes for synthetic applications is a powerful and environmentally-benign approach to increase molecular complexity. Oxidoreductases selectively introduce oxygen and hydrogen atoms into myriad substrates, catalyzing the synthesis of chemical and pharmaceutical building blocks for chemical production. However, broader application of this class of enzymes is limited by the requirements of expensive cofactors and low operational stability. Herein, we show that morpholine-based buffers, especially 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), promote photoinduced flavoenzyme-catalyzed asymmetric redox transformations by regenerating the flavin cofactor via sacrificial electron donation and by increasing the operational stability of flavin-dependent oxidoreductases. The stabilization of the active forms of flavin by MOPS via formation of the spin correlated ion pair (3)[flavin(-)-MOPS+] ensemble reduces the formation of hydrogen peroxide, circumventing the oxygen dilemma under aerobic conditions detrimental to fragile enzymes.
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