| 1. |
- Lin, Qing, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic and therapeutic study of novel anti-tumor function of natural compound imperialine for treating non-small cell lung cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnopharmacological relevance: Bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC) is a Chinese traditional herbal medicine that has long been used as an indispensable component in herbal prescriptions for bronchopulmonary diseases due to its well-established strong anti-inflammation and pulmonary harmonizing effects. Interestingly, there are few case reports in traditional Chinese medicine available where they found it to contribute in anti-tumor therapies. Imperialine is one of the most favored active substances extracted from BFC and has been widely recognized as an anti-inflammatory agent. Aim of the study: The aim of the current work is to provide first-hand evidences both in vitro and in vivo showing that imperialine exerts anti-cancer effects against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore the molecular mechanism of this anti-tumor activity. It is also necessary to examine its systemic toxicity, and to investigate how to develop strategies for feasible clinical translation of imperialine. Materials and methods: To investigate anti-NSCLC efficacy of imperialine using both in vitro and in vivo methods where A549 cell line were chosen as in vitro model NSCLC cells and A549 tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed for in vivo study. The detailed underlying anti-cancer mechanism has been systematically explored for the first time through a comprehensive set of molecular biology methods mainly including immunohistochemistry, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The toxicity profile of imperialine treatments were evaluated using healthy nude mice by examining hemogram and histopathology. An imperialine-loaded liposomal drug delivery system was developed using thin film hydration method to evaluate target specific delivery. Results: The results showed that imperialine could suppress both NSCLC tumor and associated inflammation through an inflammation-cancer feedback loop in which NF-kappa B activity was dramatically inhibited by imperialine. The NSCLC-targeting liposomal system was successfully developed for targeted drug delivery. The developed platform could favorably enhance imperialine cellular uptake and in vivo accumulation at tumor sites, thus improving overall anti-tumor effect. The toxicity assays revealed imperialine treatments did not significantly disturb blood cell counts in mice or exert any significant damage to the main organs. Conclusions: Imperialine exerts anti-cancer effects against NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo, and this previously unknown function is related to NF-kappa B centered inflammation-cancer feedback loop. Imperialine mediated anticancer activity is not through cytotoxicity and exhibit robust systemic safety. Furthermore, the liposome-based system we commenced would dramatically enhance therapeutic effects of imperialine while exhibiting extremely low side effects both on cellular and in NSCLC model. This work has identified imperialine as a promising novel anti-cancer compound and offered an efficient target-delivery solution that greatly facilitate practical use of imperialine.
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| 2. |
- Gong, Xun, et al.
(författare)
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Of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the CMIP6 Project
- 2022
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Ingår i: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0645 .- 1879-0100. ; 206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) upper-cell circulation is widely linked to global oceans and climate. Here, we focus on a statistical overview about the modelled AMOCs on the basis of the historical simulations in the 5th and 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6), including the modelled AMOC strength, cell structure, long-term trend and the variabilities on interannual, decadal and multi-decadal scales. Our results show that the multi-model averaged AMOC mean state of CMIP5 is insignificantly different from the CMIP6 results, meanwhile the corresponding multi-model averaged AMOC variability is reduced from CMIP5 to CMIP6 results. Moreover, the CMIP6 multi-model averaged AMOC becomes further distinct from the mean state of Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) observations. Overall, 7 out of the 18 CMIP6 models have suggested AMOC strengthening, meanwhile 6 models have indicated declining trends in the AMOC, with the rest 5 models in the variabilities with insignificant trends. Overall, the CMIP6 results have suggested pronounced modelling discrepancies in revealing AMOC trends, distinct from the more commonly weakening trend of the AMOCs in the CMIP5 simulations. Moreover, the multi-model averaged AMOC variabilities are comparable between CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations, on inter-annual, decadal and multi-decadal time scales, with the discrepancies remaining among models.
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| 3. |
- Lin, Qing, et al.
(författare)
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Exosome-like nanoplatform modified with targeting ligand improves anti-cancer and anti-inflammation effects of imperialine
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : ELSEVIER. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 311, s. 104-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, most anti-cancer therapies are still haunted by serious and deleterious adverse effects. Here, we report a highly biocompatible tumor cell-targeting delivery systems utilizing exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) that delivers a low-toxicity anti-cancer agent imperialine against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, we introduced a novel micelle-aided method to efficiently load imperialine into intact ELVs. Then, integrin alpha 3 beta 1-binding octapeptide cNGQGEQc was modified onto ELV platform for tumor targeting as integrin alpha 3 beta 1 is overexpressed on NSCLC cells. This system not only significantly improved imperialine tumor accumulation and retention, but also had extremely low systemic toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our discoveries offer new ways to utilize ELV more efficiently for both drug loading and targeting. The solid pharmacokinetics improvement and extraordinary safety of this system also highlight possibilities of alternative long course cancer therapies using similar strategies.
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| 4. |
- Oloumi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Miniaturized Reflectarray Unit Cell Using Fractal-Shaped Patch-Slot Configuration
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. - : IEEE. - 1536-1225 .- 1548-5757. ; 11, s. 10-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter introduces a new class of miniaturized reflectarray unit cells with increased phase swing employing Minkowski fractal-shaped patch-slot elements. Square, 1st Minkowski, and 2nd Minkowski fractal patches are designed as a reflectarray unit cell. A slot with variable lengths of mm is used in the ground plane to perform the phase variation function. The resonant frequency corresponding to the maximum phase swing is reduced from 10.6 GHz for the square patch down to 8.8 and 8.3 GHz for the first-and second-order Minkowski fractal patches, respectively, which is equivalent to 17% and 22% size reduction. Unit cells with different patch type and slot length are fabricated, and close agreement is observed between the measured and simulated results. As it has been proven for conventional phased array antennas, this size reduction can lead to a decrease in mutual coupling in reflectarray antennas. Alternatively, it allows for smaller distance between reflectarray antenna elements, which renders a wider beam-scanning range.
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| 5. |
- Peng, Zihe, et al.
(författare)
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Crosstalk mechanism and suppression methods for enhancemen t-Mode GaN HEMTs in A phase-leg topology
- 2019
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Ingår i: PCIM Asia 2019 - International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, Proceedings. ; , s. 147-153
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been demonstrated that Enhancement-mode GaN HEMT(eGaN HEMT) has lower conduction losses and higher switching speed. However, higher switching speed will cause higher dVDS/dt leading to worse crosstalk problems. This paper analyzes the mechanism of crosstalk for eGaN HEMT first. Then, the mathematical model of crosstalk voltage and its influence factors are given. A double pulse test model is established and three kinds of crosstalk suppression methods without auxiliary circuit are simulated and compared. The simulation results may give a guideline for choosing which method in specific situation.
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| 6. |
- Xiong, Zhifang, et al.
(författare)
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Intensified aridity over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool controlled by ice-sheet expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global and Planetary Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8181. ; 217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnitude, direction and cause of precipitation changes across the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remain elusive. In particular, it is still inconclusive whether tropical or extra-tropical factors controlled such precipitation changes. Determining the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation in the IPWP during the LGM is a valid strategy to address this issue, but the existing precipitation records are dominantly from maritime continents and marginal seas, with few data from pelagic oceans. In order to fill this gap, we analyzed the oxygen isotopic compositions of single Ethmodiscus rex diatom frustules (δ18OE. rex) from a sediment core (WPD-03) consisting of laminated diatom mats (LDMs) in the eastern Philippine Sea (EPS). δ18OE. rex was controlled mainly by sea-surface salinity variation and, thus, can reflect open-ocean precipitation changes across the IPWP. Our precipitation proxy records, in combination with existing published data, reveal spatial patterns of precipitation change that indicate overall drying across the IPWP during the LGM. Based on a comparison of paleoclimatic records with modeling results, we propose that extra-tropical factors (ice-sheet size) controlled precipitation variability in the IPWP during the LGM through a combination of zonal shifts of ENSO and meridional migration of the ITCZ. Strong aridity during the LGM prevented formation of a subsurface barrier layer and, hence, allowed accessing of sufficient nutrients to surface waters, stimulating blooms of E. rex and subsequent formation of LDMs in the IPWP. These findings suggest an important role for high-latitude climate in the tropical hydrological cycle during the LGM.
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| 7. |
- Zhong, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Coupled Impacts of Atmospheric Circulation and Sea-Ice on Late Pleistocene Terrigenous Sediment Dynamics in the Subarctic Pacific Ocean
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276. ; 48:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processes controlling environmental change in the subarctic Pacific Ocean on millennial to orbital timescales are not well understood. Here we use a 230-kyr sedimentary record from the northwest Pacific Ocean to assess the response of late Pleistocene sediment dynamics to orbital forcing. Combining a source-to-sink perspective based on sedimentological records with climate model reanalysis, we reveal that fluctuations in sediment provenance were closely linked to obliquity-forced changes in atmospheric circulation modes. Specifically, the position of the Aleutian Low controlled sediment transport from the Bering Sea and Aleutian Arc sources. Furthermore, a distinct shift in North Pacific ocean circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum may have been related to a strengthened Siberian High. The coincidence of atmospheric mode switches with changes in sea-ice extent and North Pacific Intermediate Water formation in the marginal seas suggests that this coupled ocean-atmosphere system may have acted as a regional amplifier of global climate variability.
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| 8. |
- Zhong, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Orbital Controls on North Pacific Dust Flux During the Late Quaternary
- 2024
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276. ; 51:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airborne mineral dust is sensitive to climatic changes, but its response to orbital forcing is still not fully understood. Here, we present a reconstruction of dust input to the Subarctic Pacific Ocean covering the past 190 kyr. The dust composition record is indicative of source moisture conditions, which were dominated by precessional variations. In contrast, the dust flux record is dominated by obliquity variations and displays an out-of-phase relationship with a dust record from the mid-latitude North Pacific Ocean. Climate model simulations suggest precession likely drove changes in the aridity and extent of dust source regions. Additionally, the obliquity variations in dust flux can be explained by meridional shifts in the North Pacific westerly jet, driven by changes in the meridional atmospheric temperature gradient. Overall, our findings suggest that North Pacific dust input was primarily modulated by orbital-controlled source aridity and the strength and position of the westerly winds.
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| 9. |
- Zhong, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Paleoclimate evolution of the North Pacific Ocean during the late Quaternary : Progress and challenges
- 2023
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Ingår i: Geosystems and Geoenvironment. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-8838. ; 2:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- High- and low-latitude climatic processes in the North Pacific Ocean are important components of the global climate system. For example, the interplay among North Pacific atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation, and biological productivity affects atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and marine oxygen concentrations. Here we review recent research on the North Pacific paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic evolution during the late Quaternary and its response to external forcings such as orbital insolation, ice-sheet extent, and greenhouse gas concentrations. First, we summarize the principles and application of relative paleointensity as a critical chronological tool in North Pacific paleoclimate research. Second, we illustrate the latest discoveries on the interaction between North Pacific Intermediate Water formation and high-to-low latitude teleconnection processes. Third, recent progress in linking dust fluxes and marine productivity and their global significance for the carbon cycle are presented. Finally, several key scientific problems are highlighted for future research on ocean-atmosphere-climate interactions in the North Pacific, pointing to the importance of combining paleo-records and modeling simulations. Overall, this review also aims to provide a broad insight into possible future changes of ocean-atmosphere circulation in the North Pacific region under a rapidly warming climate.
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