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Sökning: WFRF:(Gorzsas Andras)

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1.
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2.
  • Andersson, Ingegärd, et al. (författare)
  • Speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/phosphate system
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: DALTON TRANSACTIONS. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 22, s. 3658-66
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4- /phosphate (dihydrogen phosphate, P) and H+/H2VO4/H2O2/P systems has been determined in the physiological medium of 0.150 M Na(Cl) at 25 degrees C. A combination of multinuclear NMR integral and chemical shift (Bruker AMX500) as well as potentiometric data (glass electrode) have been collected and treated simultaneously by the computer program LAKE. The pK(a)-values for phosphoric acid have been determined by potentiometric and P-31 NMR chemical shift data, and have been found to be 1.85 +/- 0.02, 6.69 +/- 0.02 and 11.58 +/- 0.07. The errors given are 3 sigma. Altogether nine vanadate phosphate species have been found in the ternary H+/H2VO4-/P- system in the PH region 1-11, with the following compositions: VP, VP2 and V14P. Equilibrium is very slow in acidic solutions, requiring more than 3 months for the formation of V14P species. On the other hand, less than 15 min are needed for equilibration at neutral and alkaline pH. In the H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/P- system, four new species have been found in addition to all binary and ternary complexes. They are of VXP and VX2P compositions, where X denotes the peroxo ligand. V-51 and P-31 NMR chemical shifts, compositions and formation constants are given, and equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams as well as the fit of the model to the experimental data. Biological and medical relevance of the species is also discussed and physiological conditions are modelled.
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3.
  • Andersson, Ingegärd, et al. (författare)
  • Speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/picolinate system relevant to diabetes research
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; :3, s. 421-428
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A detailed study of the quaternary aqueous H+/H2VO4−/H2O2/picolinate (Pi−) system has been performed at 25 °C in 0.150 M Na(Cl) medium using quantitative 51V NMR (500 MHz) and potentiometric data (glass electrode). In the ternary H+/H2VO4−/Pi− system, six complexes have been found in the pH region 1–10. In the quaternary H+/H2VO4−/H2O2/Pi−system, eight additional complexes have been found. Generally, equilibria are fast in both systems. The rate of peroxide decomposition depends on the species in solution. Chemical shifts, compositions and formation constants for the species are given. Equilibrium conditions and the fit of the model to the experimental data are illustrated in distribution diagrams. Possible formation of mixed ligand species with imidazole, lactic acid and citric acid have been investigated and ruled out under the same experimental conditions. Structural proposals are given, based on 13C NMR data and available crystal structures.
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4.
  • Blaschek, Leonard (författare)
  • Cellular Lignin Distribution Patterns and their Physiological Relevance
  • 2020
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The diverse morphological shapes of plants are made possible by the structural rigidity provided by cell walls. In order to support vertical growth and long distance water transport, cell walls need to resist a variety of biological and physical stresses. Lignin, a cell wall polyphenolic unique to vascular plants, has long been considered to structurally support the cell walls of xylem vessels and other specialised cell types against these forces. Lignin is a complex polymer whose monomeric composition and biochemical properties vary widely between different species, tissues and cell types. However, the precise characterisation of this micro-scale variation poses considerable methodological hurdles. As a result, it has yet to be understood how differences in lignin composition contribute to the cell-type specific functions of the cell wall. In the works presented herein, we optimise and validate the Wiesner test and Raman microspectroscopy for the quantitative characterisation of lignin in situ and use these techniques to show how cell-type specific genetic regulation of lignification is crucial for cell wall function. Using synthetic lignin monomers and polymers, as well as genetically altered Arabidopsis and Populus plants in conjunction with biochemical lignin composition analyses, we establish the Wiesner test as a specific high-resolution method to quantify coniferaldehyde (I), and show that Raman microspectroscopy allows the relative quantification of total lignin, guaiacyl lignin subunits (G-units), coniferyl alcohol and syringyl lignin subunits (S-units) (II). We then use these methods to characterise cell-autonomous and cell-cell cooperative lignification patterns and show that cell walls of different vessel types depend on distinct amounts of lignin and specific G-units for structural reinforcement (III). S-unit incorporation into vessel lignin and increased adjacency to neighbouring vessels on the other hand compromise their resistance to collapse (III). Altogether, we provide evidence for a lignification process consisting of a fine scale, cell-type specific regulatory network of lignin biosynthesis, cell-to-cell cooperative monomer supply, and cell wall layer specific monomer incorporation. Crucially, it is this dynamic small-scale regulation that allows lignified plant cell walls to fulfil their cell-type specific functions.
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5.
  • Chambi, Diego, et al. (författare)
  • Production of Exopolysaccharides by Cultivation of Halotolerant Bacillus atrophaeus BU4 in Glucose- and Xylose-Based Synthetic Media and in Hydrolysates of Quinoa Stalks
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Fermentation. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-5637. ; 8:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A halotolerant, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from the Salar de Uyuni salt flat in Bolivia was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus using next-generation sequencing. Comparisons indicate that the genome most likely (p-value: 0.0024) belongs to a subspecies previously not represented in the database. The growth of the bacterial strain and its ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) in synthetic media with glucose or xylose as carbon sources, and in hydrolysates of quinoa stalks, was investigated. The strain grew well in all synthetic media, but the growth in glucose was better than that in xylose. Sugar consumption was better when initial concentrations were low. The growth was good in enzymatically produced cellulosic hydrolysates but was inhibited in hemicellulosic hydrolysates produced using hydrothermal pretreatment. The EPS yields were up to 0.064 g/g on initial glucose and 0.047 g/g on initial xylose, and was higher in media with relatively low sugar concentrations. The EPS was isolated and purified by a sequential procedure including centrifugation, cold ethanol precipitation, trichloroacetic acid treatment, dialysis, and freeze-drying. Glucose and mannose were the main sugars identified in hydrolyzed EPS. The EPS was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. No major differences were elucidated between EPS resulting from cultivations in glucose- or-xylose-based synthetic media, while some divergences with regard to molecular-weight averages and FTIR and HSQC NMR spectra were detected for EPS from hydrolysate-based media.
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6.
  • Ferro, Lorenza, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Statistical Methods for Rapid Quantification of Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates in Nordic Microalgal Species Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 24:18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a simple, cheap, and fast method to collect chemical compositional information from microalgae. However, (semi)quantitative evaluation of the collected data can be daunting. In this work, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to monitor changes of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content in seven green microalgae grown under nitrogen starvation. Three statistical methods-univariate linear regression analysis (ULRA), orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS), and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS)-were compared in their ability to model and predict the concentration of these compounds in the biomass. OPLS was found superior, since it i) included all three compounds simultaneously; ii) explained variations in the data very well; iii) had excellent prediction accuracy for proteins and lipids, and acceptable for carbohydrates; and iv) was able to discriminate samples based on cultivation stage and type of storage compounds accumulated in the cells. ULRA models worked well for the determination of proteins and lipids, but carbohydrates could only be estimated if already determined protein contents were used for scaling. Results obtained by MCR-ALS were similar to ULRA, however, this method is considerably easier to perform and interpret than the more abstract statistical/chemometric methods. FTIR-spectroscopy-based models allow high-throughput, cost-effective, and rapid estimation of biomass composition of green microalgae.
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7.
  • Ferro, Lorenza, et al. (författare)
  • Subarctic microalgal strains treat wastewater and produce biomass at low temperature and short photoperiod
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Algal Research. - : Elsevier. - 2211-9264. ; 35, s. 160-167
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In Northern countries, microalgal-based processes are challenging due to low light and temperature conditions during a significant part of the year. Three natural strains from Northern Sweden (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., Desmodesmus sp.) and a collection strain (Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX 417) were cultured in municipal wastewater, comparing their performances, biomass composition and nutrients removal under continuous light at standard (25 °C) and low temperature (5 °C), short photoperiod (3 h light, 25 °C), or moderate winter conditions (6 h light, 15 °C). Only the natural strains grew at low temperature, highly consuming total nitrogen and phosphate (>80% and >70%, respectively) even during cold- and dark-stress. At reduced growth rates, C. vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp. produced similar amounts of biomass (>1 g/l) as in standard conditions. Scenedesmus sp. and Desmodesmus sp. showed phenotypic plasticity and increased carbohydrate content. Short photoperiod strongly reduced growth rates, biomass and storage compounds and induced flocculation in C. vulgaris.
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8.
  • Funda, Tomas, et al. (författare)
  • Predicting the chemical composition of juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using FTIR spectroscopy
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 54, s. 289-311
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The chemical composition of wood is one of the key features that determine wood quality. The focus of this study was on identifying differences between juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and developing models for predicting the chemical composition of these two wood types. Chemical traits, determined by traditional wet chemistry techniques, included the proportion of lignin, polysaccharides and extractives. Partial least squares regression of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra was used for model building. The model performance was primarily evaluated by root mean squared error of predictions (RMSEP). High predictive power was attained for the content of lignin (RMSEP of 0.476 and 0.495 for juvenile and mature woods, respectively) and extractives (0.302 and 0.471), good predictive power for cellulose (0.715 and 0.696) and hemicelluloses in juvenile wood (0.719) and low predictive power for hemicelluloses in mature wood (0.823). A distinct band was observed at 1693 cm(-1), and its intensity was strongly associated with the content of extractives (r = 0.968 and 0.861 in juvenile and mature woods, respectively). FTIR has proved suitable for the rapid, non-destructive, cost-efficient assessment of the chemical composition of juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine. The band at 1693 cm(-1) is to be further investigated to unravel its link with individual extractive components.
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9.
  • Gerber, Lorenz, et al. (författare)
  • Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 203, s. 1220-1230
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. The largest fraction of the wood biomass is cellulose, which is synthesized from UDP-glucose. Sucrose synthase (SUS) has been proposed previously to interact directly with cellulose synthase complexes and specifically supply UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis.To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood.No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying.The results show that SUS is not essential for cellulose biosynthesis, but plays a role in defining the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls.
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10.
  • Gillgren, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • A one-pot set-up for real-time reaction monitoring by FTIR spectroscopy
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 50:3, s. 567-580
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a method for monitoring solution reactions in real time using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Compared to batch measurements or flow-through systems, where the reaction and spectroscopic measurements are spatially and temporarily separated, this method enables continuous FTIR spectroscopic measurements of reactions without delay and directly in the reaction vessel. The strengths are demonstrated, and the limitations of the method are highlighted using the reaction of a lignin model compound and a sulphite salt. The method is capable of identifying both kinetic and thermodynamic properties (e.g. reaction speed, intermediate species), allowing rapid and cost-effective optimisation of reaction parameters. While specificity can be limited, the non-destructive nature of the method facilitates direct coupling to other techniques to help resolve potential ambiguities. The method is of general interest in wet chemistry applications and in several areas of the lignocellulosic biomass field in particular, as it can provide new insights into natural and industrial reactions and processes.
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11.
  • González Baró, Ana, et al. (författare)
  • Speciation in the aqueous peroxovanadate-maltol and (peroxo)vanadate-uridine systems
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 8, s. 1095-102
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/maltol (Ma), H+/H2VO4-/uridine (Ur) and H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/Ur systems was determined in the physiological medium of 0.150 M Na(Cl) at 25 °C. A combination of quantitative 51V NMR (Bruker AMX500) and potentiometric data (glass electrode) was collected and treated simultaneously by the computer program LAKE. In the quaternary maltol system, the two species VXMa2- and VX2Ma2- (where X denotes the peroxo ligand) were found in the pH region 5-10, in addition to all binary and ternary complexes. Their formation was fast. In the ternary uridine (H+/H2VO4-/Ur) subsystem, altogether three vanadate-uridine (V-Ur) species were found in the pH region 4-10, with compositions VUr2-, V2Ur22- and V2Ur23-. Equilibrium was fast except in weakly acidic solutions when slowly decomposing decavanadates formed. In the quaternary H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/Ur system, five additional species were found at pH > 7. They were of VXUr and VX2Ur compositions. Their formation was fast. Formation constants, compositions and 51V NMR chemical shifts are given for all the species found in the systems, and equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams as well as the fit of the model to the experimental data. Biological and medical relevance of the species (in the treatment of diabetes) are also discussed, with pseudo-physiological conditions modelled.
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12.
  • Gorzsás, András, et al. (författare)
  • A speciation study of the aqueous H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/L--alanyl-L-serine system
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; , s. 1161-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A detailed study of the quaternary aqueous H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/L--alanyl-L-serine (Alaser) system has been performed at 25 °C in 0.150 M Na(Cl) medium, representing the ionic strength of human blood, using quantitative 51V NMR and potentiometric data (glass electrode). Data were evaluated with the computer program LAKE, which is able to treat combined EMF and NMR data. The pKa-values for Alaser were determined as 8.04 ± 0.01 and 3.07 ± 0.01. The errors given are 3. In the ternary H+/H2VO4–/Alaser system, two complexes, (H+)p(H2VO4–)q(Alaser)r, having (p, q, r) values (0, 1, 1) and (–1, 1, 1) with log0,1,1= 2.42 ± 0.01 and log–1,1,1=–5.80 ± 0.05 explain all data in the pH region 2.5–9.5. Equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams and structure proposals are given based on 1H and 13C NMR investigations. In the quaternary H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/Alaser system, six complexes could be found in addition to all binary and ternary complexes over the pH region 2.6–11.1, four with a V/X/Alaser ratio 1 1 1 and two with a ratio 1 2 1 (X = peroxo ligand). The formation of the monoperoxo vanadium species is very slow, requiring up to 10 days for complete equilibrium. Significant decomposition of peroxide occurs only in acidic solutions. Chemical shifts, compositions and formation constants for the six quaternary complexes are given, and equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams. The H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/Alaser/Alahis system, where Alahis denotes L--alanyl-L-histidine, was briefly investigated and no mixed ligand species were detected.
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13.
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14.
  • Gorzsás, András, et al. (författare)
  • Cell specific chemotyping and multivariate imaging by combined FT-IR microspectroscopy and OPLS analysis reveals the chemical landscape of secondary xylem
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 66:5, s. 903-914
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with microscopy enables acquiring chemical information from native plant cell walls with high spatial resolution. Combined with a 64 x 64 focal plane array (FPA) detector 4096 spectra from a 0.3 x 0.3 mm image can be simultaneously obtained, where each spectrum represents a compositional and structural "fingerprint" of all cell wall components. For optimal use and analysis of such large amount of information, multivariate approaches are preferred. Here, FT-IR microspectroscopy with FPA detection is combined with orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). This allows for 1) the extraction of spectra from specific cell types, 2) identification and characterization of different chemotypes using the full spectral information, and 3) further visualising the pattern of identified chemotypes by multivariate imaging. As proof of concept, the chemotypes of Populus tremula xylem cell types are described. The approach revealed unknown features about chemical plasticity and patterns of lignin composition in wood fibers that would have remained hidden in the dataset with traditional data analysis. The applicability of the method on Arabidopsis xylem, and its usefulness in mutant chemotyping is also demonstrated. The methodological approach is not limited to xylem tissues but can be applied to any plant organ/tissue also using other microspectroscopy techniques such as Raman- and UV-microspectroscopy.
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15.
  • Gorzsas, Andras, et al. (författare)
  • Cell-specific chemotyping and multivariate imaging by combined FT-IR microspectroscopy and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) analysis reveals the chemical landscape of secondary xylem
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Plant Journal. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 66, s. 903-914
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • P>Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with microscopy enables chemical information to be acquired from native plant cell walls with high spatial resolution. Combined with a 64 x 64 focal plane array (FPA) detector, 4096 spectra can be simultaneously obtained from a 0.3 x 0.3 mm image; each spectrum represents a compositional and structural 'fingerprint' of all cell wall components. For optimal use and analysis of such a large amount of information, multivariate approaches are preferred. Here, FT-IR microspectroscopy with FPA detection is combined with orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). This allows for: (i) the extraction of spectra from single cell types, (ii) identification and characterization of different chemotypes using the full spectral information, and (iii) further visualization of the pattern of identified chemotypes by multivariate imaging. As proof of concept, the chemotypes of Populus tremula xylem cell types are described. The approach revealed unknown features about chemical plasticity and patterns of lignin composition in wood fibers that would have remained hidden in the dataset with traditional data analysis. The applicability of the method to Arabidopsis xylem and its usefulness in mutant chemotyping is also demonstrated. The methodological approach is not limited to xylem tissues but can be applied to any plant organ/tissue also using other techniques such as Raman and UV microspectroscopy.
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16.
  • Gorzsas, Andras (författare)
  • Characterization of dissolving pulp by multivariate data analysis of FT-IR and NMR spectra
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 26, s. 398-409
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many common, yet expensive and time consuming, pulp analyses could also be predicted by the achieved models. It can be concluded that investigations of dissolving pulp characteristics, especially concerning different wood and process types, can take advantage of the methods and models presented in this study.
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17.
  • Gorzsás, András, et al. (författare)
  • Chemical fingerprinting of arabidopsis using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic approaches
  • 2014. - 3
  • Ingår i: Arabidopsis protocols. - Totowa, NJ : Humana Press. - 9781627035798 - 9781493962761 - 9781627035804 ; , s. 317-352
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a fast, sensitive, inexpensive, and nondestructive technique for chemical profiling of plant materials. In this chapter we discuss the instrumental setup, the basic principles of analysis, and the possibilities for and limitations of obtaining qualitative and semiquantitative information by FT-IR spectroscopy. We provide detailed protocols for four fully customizable techniques: (1) Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS): a sensitive and high-throughput technique for powders; (2) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy: a technique that requires no sample preparation and can be used for solid samples as well as for cell cultures; (3) microspectroscopy using a single element (SE) detector: a technique used for analyzing sections at low spatial resolution; and (4) microspectroscopy using a focal plane array (FPA) detector: a technique for rapid chemical profiling of plant sections at cellular resolution. Sample preparation, measurement, and data analysis steps are listed for each of the techniques to help the user collect the best quality spectra and prepare them for subsequent multivariate analysis. 
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18.
  • Gorzsás, András (författare)
  • Chemical imaging of xylem by Raman microspectroscopy
  • 2017. - 1
  • Ingår i: Xylem. - New York : Humana Press. - 9781493967209 - 9781493967223 ; , s. 133-178
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Raman microspectroscopic techniques provide highly detailed chemical information about xylem tissue at submicron spatial resolution. The techniques are generally sensitive and they provide a powerful, yet inexpensive way to probe the chemical composition of individual cells or cell wall layers in situ, non-destructively, in a confocal manner, simultaneously detecting all chemical compounds without the need of external agents (label, dyes, stains). Problems with limited specificity in complex chemical matrices such as cell walls may arise, compounded by fluorescence problems. However, these can often be circumvented. In this chapter, the basics of the technique, including a common instrumental setup, together with the general strengths and limitations of Raman microspectroscopy are discussed. Detailed protocols are provided for single point measurements, as well as for fully customizable raster scan mapping, including sample preparation, setup, and measurement steps. The major steps of the data analysis procedure are discussed as well.
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19.
  • Gorzsás, András, et al. (författare)
  • On the Fate of Vanadate in Human Blood
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-1948 .- 1099-0682. ; 18, s. 3559-65
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The cover picture shows a symbolic representation of the fate of vanadate in human blood. Since the transition metal vanadium is named after Vanadis, the Nordic goddess of beauty, she is represented by the famous Venus de Milo sculpted in metal. Her cloth is decorated with the functional groups of the ligands that can form a complex (dress) with the metal while travelling in the blood vessels, the latter being symbolised by the caverns in the background. The water in the caves represents the aqueous solutions in which speciation studies have been carried out in the group of Professor Lage Pettersson. Further references to these studies are found as cave paintings on the walls: a distribution diagram and a set of 51V NMR spectra. The studies have been carried out in the framework of the COST D21/009 working group. The geographical locations of the research groups within this working group are shown by illuminated dots on the map of Europe in the background. The goal of the studies was to better understand the ability of vanadium to lower blood glucose levels (represented by the sugar cubes washed ashore on the left) and thus its potential as an orally applicable drug against diabetes. A Microreview, covering the results of the above mentioned speciation studies dealing with the fate of vanadate in human blood, is represented by A. Gorzsás, I. Andersson, and L. Pettersson on p. 3559 ff. The digital artwork for this cover was created by András Gorzsás.
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20.
  • Gorzsás, András (författare)
  • Raman microspectroscopy
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319393117 - 9783319393124 ; , s. 1303-1307
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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21.
  • Gorzsás, András, et al. (författare)
  • Speciation in Aqueous Vanadate – Ligand and Peroxovanadate – Ligand systems
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0162-0134 .- 1873-3344. ; 103:4, s. 517-526
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the present focused review, the speciation studies of aqueous vanadate-ligand (L) and peroxovanadate-L systems are addressed. The paper focuses solely on the systems studied at our department in the context of potential insulin-enhancing effects, including the following ligands: imidazole, alanylhistidine, alanylserine, lactate, picolinate, citrate, phosphate, maltol, and uridine. We summarise the results of detailed and thorough potentiometric (glass electrode) and 51V NMR (Bruker AMX-500 MHz) spectroscopic studies, performed at 25 °C in 0.150 M Na(Cl), a medium representing human blood. The importance of experimental conditions is discussed and illustrated. A detailed overview of our methodology, based on combining potentiometric and 51V integral and chemical shift data by means of the computer program LAKE, is also given. We list the important steps of equilibrium analysis and the kinds of information available from different sets of NMR spectra. The ligand picolinate is chosen to exemplify our working method, but conclusions are drawn from all systems, reviewing trends and common features. An overview of all systems is given in two tables, including e.g. types and number of species formed. Previously unpublished modelling results at physiological conditions are also shown for all peroxovanadate-ligand systems.
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22.
  • Gorzsás, András, et al. (författare)
  • Speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/citrate system of biomedical interest
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; :18, s. 2873-2882
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The speciation in the quaternary aqueous H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/citrate (Cit3–) and H+/H2VO4–/Cit3–/L-(+)-lactate (Lac–) systems has been determined at 25 °C in the physiological medium of 0.150 M Na(Cl). A combination of 51V NMR integral intensities and chemical shift (Bruker AMX500) as well as potentiometric data (glass electrode) have been collected and evaluated with the computer program LAKE, which is able to treat multimethod data simultaneously. The pKa-values for citric acid have been determined as 2.94, 4.34 and 5.61. Altogether six vanadate–citrate species have been found in the ternary H+/H2VO4–/Cit3– system in the pH region 2–10, only two of which are mononuclear. Reduction of vanadium(V) becomes more pronounced at pH < 2. Solutions, in which reduction occurred to any extent, were excluded from all calculations. In the quaternary H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/Cit3– system, eight complexes have been found in addition to all binary and ternary complexes over the pH region 2–10, including three mononuclear species. Equilibria in general are fast, but the significant and rapid decomposition of peroxide in acidic solutions limited the final model to pH > 4. In the quaternary H+/H2VO4–/Cit3–/Lac– system, two mixed-ligand species have been determined, with the compositions V2CitLac2– and V2CitLac3–(pKa= 5.0). To our knowledge, this is the first time such complexes have been reported for vanadium(V). 51V NMR chemical shifts, compositions and formation constants are given, and equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams as well as the fit of the model to the experimental data. When suitable, structural proposals are given, based on 13C NMR measurements and available literature data of related compounds.
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23.
  • Gorzsás, András, et al. (författare)
  • Speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/L-(+)-lactate system
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). ; , s. 2503-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A detailed study of the quaternary aqueous H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/L-(+)-lactate (Lac–) system has been performed at 25 °C in 0.150 M Na(Cl) medium, representing the ionic strength of human blood, using quantitative 51V NMR and potentiometric data (glass electrode). Data were evaluated with the computer program LAKE, which is able to treat combined EMF and NMR data. The pKa-value for lactic acid was determined as 3.653 ± 0.002. The error given is 3. In the ternary H+/H2VO4–/Lac– system, eight complexes were found in the pH region 1.1–10.9; only half of them are mononuclear. Owing to the fast reduction of vanadium(V) in acidic solutions and to the slow equilibria of the inorganic vanadates under certain conditions, the final model of this ternary system presented in the study is limited to pH > 3.1. Solutions, in which reduction occurred to any extent, were excluded from all calculations, hence the study is limited to vanadium(V). In the quaternary H+/H2VO4–/H2O2/Lac– system, seven complexes could be found in addition to all binary and ternary complexes over the pH region 2.1–10.0, only two of which were mononuclear. Equilibrium is fast, but significant decomposition of peroxide occurs in acidic solutions over very short time, limiting the final model to pH > 4. Chemical shifts, compositions and formation constants are given, and equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams as well as the fit of the model to the experimental data. Simple biological tests were carried out to check the resistance of different peroxovanadate complexes (including the ones with Lac–) against human catalase and the results are being presented here.
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24.
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25.
  • Gorzsás, András, 1975- (författare)
  • Vanadate and Peroxovanadate Complexes of Biomedical Relevance : A speciation approach with focus on diabetes
  • 2005
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Diabetes mellitus is one of the most threatening epidemics of modern times with rapidly increasing incidence. Vanadium and peroxovanadium compounds have been shown to exert insulin–like actions and, in contrast to insulin, are orally applicable. However, problems with side–effects and toxicity remain. The exact mechanism(s) by which these compounds act are not yet fully known. Thus, a better understanding of the aqueous chemistry of vanadates and peroxovanadates in the presence of various (bio)ligands is needed. The present thesis summarises six papers dealing mainly with aqueous speciation in different vanadate – and peroxovanadate – ligand systems of biological and medical relevance. Altogether, five ligands have been studied, including important blood constituents (lactate, citrate and phosphate), a potential drug candidate (picolinic acid), and a dipeptide (alanyl serine) to model the interaction of (peroxo)vanadate in the active site of enzymes. Since all five ligands have been studied both with vanadates and peroxovanadates, the number of systems described in the present work is eleven, including the vanadate – citrate – lactate mixed ligand system. The pH–independent formation constants have been determined for 33 ternary vanadate – ligand, 41 quaternary peroxovanadate – ligand and two vanadate – mixed ligand species in addition to the pKa values of all five ligands. These constants have been used to model physiological conditions, and the biomedical relevance of the different species is discussed. The studies have been performed at 25 ºC in the physiological medium of 0.150 M Na(Cl), i.e. the ionic strength of human blood. No buffers have been used, and wide pH–ranges have usually been covered. The applied experimental techniques comprise mostly 51V NMR and potentiometry, but 31P, 13C, 1H and 14N NMR as well as EPR and ESI–MS have also been used to gain additional information. Multimethod data have been treated by the least–squares program LAKE and modelling has been carried out by the software package WinSGW. Whenever possible, solution structures of the species have been proposed. In addition, simple biological tests have been carried out to determine the stability of the formed peroxovanadate complexes in the presence of human catalase. A brief comparison is given of the different vanadate – ligand and peroxovanadate – ligand systems with emphasis on observed trends and general features.
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26.
  • Guillon, Fabienne, et al. (författare)
  • In situ imaging of lignin and related compounds by Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and fluorescence microscopy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Advances in Botanical Research. - : Elsevier. - 0065-2296 .- 2162-5948. ; 104, s. 215-270
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spectral imaging technologies simultaneously record spectral and spatial information about plant tissues in a noninvasive way. Differences in techniques result in different selection rules and spatial resolutions. This article introduces the basic principles of Raman, Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) and autofluorescence imaging and finally compares their strength and drawbacks. The methods result in spectral datasets as bases for image generation. Spectral preprocessing together with univariate and multivariate data analysis approaches are essential for informative lignin imaging and analysis and therefore also briefly illustrated and discussed. Examples of imaging lignin and other aromatic components in a broad range of plant tissues show the potential as well as the limitations of microspectroscopic imaging.
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27.
  • Gustafsson, Asa, et al. (författare)
  • Isolation and characterization of a respirable particle fraction from residential house-dust
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 161, s. 284-290
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Indoor air pollution has caused increasing concern in recent years. As we spend most of our lives indoors, it is crucial to understand the health effects caused by indoor air pollution. Household dust serve as good proxy for accessing indoor air pollution, especially smaller dust particles that can pass into the lungs are of interest. In this study we present an efficient method for the isolation of dust particles in the respirable size range. The respirable fraction was recovered from vacuum cleaner bags, separated by stepwise sieving, followed by characterization for size, morphology, surface area, organic content and elemental composition. The respirable fraction was obtained in a yield of 0.6% with a specific surface area of 2.5 m(2)/g and a Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter of 3.73 +/- 0.15 mu m. Aluminum and zink were the dominating metals measured in the dust, whereas the major mineral components were found to be silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate. The fraction of organic matter in the dust was measured to be 69 +/- 1%. The organic matrix contained bacterial and fungi and a presence of skin fragments. We present here an efficient and fast method for the isolation of dust particles in the respirable size range. That is of considerable value due to the need for large quantities of respirable particle fractions to conduct toxicological studies and risk assessment work.
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28.
  • Hahn, Max, 1993- (författare)
  • Characterizing the pancreatic "isletome" : 3D optical imaging to study diabetes
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The pancreas is a specialised multipurpose organ, that can be separated into two major compartments: endocrine and exocrine. The exocrine part makes up the majority of the organ volume and functions to secrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Notably, endocrine islets of Langerhans are embedded and scattered in vast numbers throughout the exocrine space. These miniature functional units are composed of different cell types that secrete hormones into the blood stream. The most abundant islet-cell is the insulin-producing β-cell. Highly coordinated, the endocrine cells are the primary regulators of energy homeostasis in the body. Together, the collective islet volume constitutes the pancreatic “isletome”, a synchronised, complex and size-equilibrated system that is able to respond to various metabolic conditions. Indeed, environmental and/or genetic conditions often lead to impaired islet function and/or β-cell destruction leading to elevated blood glucose levels over time and eventually diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that currently affects more than 400 million individuals worldwide. As such, understanding pancreatic disease-related mechanisms is pivotal to the development of new and more effective therapeutic, or even curative, regimens. The deep location of the pancreas in the abdomen and the relatively low resolution of current clinical imaging approaches, however, render the pancreatic islets difficult to study when visually assessing endocrine function. Although non-invasive imaging techniques have yet to reach their full potential, post-mortem studies of the pancreas and rodent disease models offer unique insights into the process of diabetes disease dynamics.Diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) is a widely used model system in pre-clinical research, where it is generally believed that the b-cells are depleted upon the administration of the drug. Yet, quantification of β-cell volume dynamics and underlying disease mechanisms have not been extensively described. Using optical projection tomography (OPT), light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and advanced protocols for ex vivo whole organ three-dimensional (3D) imaging, this study demonstrated that STZ-induced β-cell depletion is modest, primarily affecting large islets, and is not the primary cause for the development of diabetes in STZ-diabetic mice. Combined with islet gene expression studies, the remaining β-cell volume in STZ-diabetic mice displayed a downregulation of glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), a transmembrane carrier vital for sensing blood glucose levels. Islet transplantation into the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) reversed the STZ-induced hyperglycaemia and partially restored islet function, including GLUT2, but did not restore β-cell volume loss. Extensive 3D image datasets were generated as a resource to the research community. The combined results of this study indicated that STZ-induced hyperglycaemia is not caused by β-cell loss, but rather by dysfunctional β-cells and that recovery of islet function is restrained by continuous hyperglycaemia.3D imaging using OPT has proven to be a reliable technique in quantifying cellular/anatomical features of the mouse pancreas. However, the technique has rarely been applied to patient-derived tissues. Here, a label-free and non-destructive method was developed to assess clinical biopsies within hours of collection. Specifically, this study showed that autofluorescence-based imaging can be used to delineate tumours of the pancreas (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC) in 3D, which may aid in identifying tumour margins in conjunction with resective surgery. Importantly, the protocol included a reversal pipeline so that other histological workflows could be applied to the same specimen. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that natural fluorescent substances in the endocrine cells provide sufficient contrast when quantifying both the volume and number of islets of Langerhans in the healthy pancreas. Altogether, the developed technique may provide a novel tool for the rapid 3D analysis of pancreatic biopsies that may complement and improve traditional pathological assessments.With the emergence of islet transplantation networks worldwide, access to fixed pancreatic tissues from diseased donors has dramatically improved. Hereby, the near instant autolysis of the pancreas post-mortem can generally be avoided, which provides the opportunity to quantitatively study the entire gland ex vivo within a conserved spatial context. Yet, mesoscopic 3D imaging of the pancreas (by OPT and/or LSFM) has been limited predominantly due to the obstacle of labelling larger tissue volumes. As such, a simple approach to antibody labelling and cellular imaging was developed in cubic centimetre-sized tissue cuboids that were mapped to the whole organ. By stitching the resultant datasets back into 3D space, this approach demonstrated how essentially any human organ may be analysed in full with high resolution. This technique was applied to pancreata from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic (T2D) donors, analysing over 200 thousand islets, revealing features of the human pancreas that were not analysed in 3D previously, including high islet dense regions and intra-islet haemorrhaging. Crucially, this new technique may contribute to unveil a wealth of new insights into the complex pathophysiology of the “diabetic pancreas”.By applying the above method to the entire volume of the human pancreas, the absolute distribution and volume of insulin-positive cells in a pancreas from a donor with longstanding type 1 diabetes (T1D) was demonstrated for the first time. By dividing the 19 cm long organ into smaller pieces, followed by insulin labelling, OPT imaging and reconstruction in 3D space, approximately 173,000 insulin-positive objects were identified. By utilising tissue autofluorescence, the entire organ was reconstructed in 3D, together with blood vessels and ducts. These data indicated several important regional differences in β-cell mass, such as the uncinate process showing the highest density, which potentially reflects key aspects of disease dynamics. Furthermore, regions with a “punctated distribution” of single β-cells in close proximity to each other were identified. Although the significance of these observations needs to be elucidated, we speculate that these regions could be associated with pancreatic regeneration, which might permit the development of new interventions for clinical regenerative processes in the future. Altogether, this study represents the first whole organ account of β-cell distribution at the current level of resolution in an entire organ. As such, it may serve as an important advancement towards detailed whole organ analyses of endocrine cell identity/function, via a wide range of markers, in the study of normal anatomy and pathophysiology of the human pancreas.
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29.
  • Hurný, Andrej, et al. (författare)
  • SYNERGISTIC ON AUXIN AND CYTOKININ 1 positively regulates growth and attenuates soil pathogen resistance
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 1-17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plants as non-mobile organisms constantly integrate varying environmental signals to flexibly adapt their growth and development. Local fluctuations in water and nutrient availability, sudden changes in temperature or other abiotic and biotic stresses can trigger changes in the growth of plant organs. Multiple mutually interconnected hormonal signaling cascades act as essential endogenous translators of these exogenous signals in the adaptive responses of plants. Although the molecular backbones of hormone transduction pathways have been identified, the mechanisms underlying their interactions are largely unknown. Here, using genome wide transcriptome profiling we identify an auxin and cytokinin cross-talk component; SYNERGISTIC ON AUXIN AND CYTOKININ 1 (SYAC1), whose expression in roots is strictly dependent on both of these hormonal pathways. We show that SYAC1 is a regulator of secretory pathway, whose enhanced activity interferes with deposition of cell wall components and can fine-tune organ growth and sensitivity to soil pathogens. Cytokinin and auxin are two major hormonal regulators of plant growth. Here the authors identify SYAC1, a gene that is synergistically activated by the two hormones being applied together, and show that it is required for normal growth while negatively impacting pathogen resistance.
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30.
  • Kenney, Janice P. L., et al. (författare)
  • Applications of Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Geomicrobiology
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Analytical Geomicrobiology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9781107707399 - 9781107070332 ; , s. 288-313
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a technique that measures the molecular-level vibrations in a material, such as a bacterial biofilm, to get a better understanding of the chemistry of the system. This technique is best used to observe changes in a system, e.g., how bacteria protonate and deprotonate as a function of pH or how contaminants sorb to minerals/bacteria, or for tracking the precipitation of a mineral or the breakdown of a contaminant in a system. It can also be used to identify the presence of a specific contaminant in a system, e.g., the presence of bacteria on an antimicrobial surface or the presence of pesticides in water. The will outline the different ways in which FTIR spectroscopy may be used to analyze a variety of samples in geomicrobiology. The techniques and their applicability are detailed, from individual sample recording (via diffuse reflectance measurements) to continuous monitoring of systems (using attenuated total reflectance measurements) and spatially resolved microspectroscopic analysis (either as imaging or as determining the positions for point sampling in a heterogeneous sample), and a general strategy for data handling is given, including the basics of some multivariate techniques. We will explain how to get the best possible data using each FTIR spectroscopic method, as well as how to best treat your data before analysis. Additionally, this chapter deals with understanding how to identify the representative FTIR bands for bacteria, and how those bands can change as a function of pH.
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31.
  • Kushwah, Sunita, et al. (författare)
  • Arabidopsis XTH4 and XTH9 Contribute to Wood Cell Expansion and Secondary Wall Formation(1)([OPEN])
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : American Society of Plant Science. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 182:4, s. 1946-1965
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Xyloglucan is the major hemicellulose of dicotyledon primary cell walls, affecting the load-bearing framework with the participation of xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolases (XTHs). We used loss- and gain-of function approaches to study functions of XTH4 and XTH9 abundantly expressed in cambial regions during secondary growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In secondarily thickened hypocotyls, these enzymes had positive effects on vessel element expansion and fiber intrusive growth. They also stimulated secondary wall thickening but reduced secondary xylem production. Cell wall analyses of inflorescence stems revealed changes in lignin, cellulose, and matrix sugar composition indicating an overall increase in secondary versus primary walls in mutants, indicative of higher xylem production compared with the wild type (since secondary walls were thinner). Intriguingly, the number of secondary cell wall layers compared with the wild type was increased in xth9 and reduced in xth4, whereas the double mutant xth4x9 displayed an intermediate number of layers. These changes correlated with specific Raman signals from the walls, indicating changes in lignin and cellulose. Secondary walls were affected also in the interfascicular fibers, where neither XTH4 nor XTH9 was expressed, indicating that these effects were indirect. Transcripts involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and cell wall integrity sensing, including THESEUS1 and WALL ASSOCIATED KINASE2, were highly induced in the mutants, indicating that deficiency in XTH4 and XTH9 triggers cell wall integrity signaling, which, we propose, stimulates xylem cell production and modulates secondary wall thickening. Prominent effects of XTH4 and XTH9 on secondary xylem support the hypothesis that altered xyloglucan affects wood properties both directly and via cell wall integrity sensing.
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32.
  • Lundberg-Felten, Judith, et al. (författare)
  • A genome-wide screen for ethylene-induced Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) in hybrid aspen stem identifies ERF genes that modify stem growth and wood properties
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 200, s. 511-522
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) are a large family of transcription factors that mediate responses to ethylene. Ethylene affects many aspects of wood development and is involved in tension wood formation. Thus ERFs could be key players connecting ethylene action to wood development. We identified 170 gene models encoding ERFs in the Populus trichocarpa genome. The transcriptional responses of ERF genes to ethylene treatments were determined in stem tissues of hybrid aspen (Populus tremulaxtremuloides) by qPCR. Selected ethylene-responsive ERFs were overexpressed in wood-forming tissues and characterized for growth and wood chemotypes by FT-IR. Fifty ERFs in Populus showed more than five-fold increased transcript accumulation in response to ethylene treatments. Twenty-six ERFs were selected for further analyses. A majority of these were induced during tension wood formation. Overexpression of ERFs 18, 21, 30, 85 and 139 in wood-forming tissues of hybrid aspen modified the wood chemotype. Moreover, overexpression of ERF139 caused a dwarf-phenotype with altered wood development, and overexpression of ERF18, 34 and 35 slightly increased stem diameter. We identified ethylene-induced ERFs that respond to tension wood formation, and modify wood formation when overexpressed. This provides support for their role in ethylene-mediated regulation of wood development.
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33.
  • Lundberg-Felten, Judith, et al. (författare)
  • Ethylene signaling induces gelatinous layers with typical features of tension wood in hybrid aspen
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 218:3, s. 999-1014
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The phytohormone ethylene impacts secondary stem growth in plants by stimulating cambial activity, xylem development and fiber over vessel formation. We report the effect of ethylene on secondary cell wall formation and the molecular connection between ethylene signaling and wood formation. We applied exogenous ethylene or its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to wild-type and ethylene-insensitive hybrid aspen trees (Populus tremulaxtremuloides) and studied secondary cell wall anatomy, chemistry and ultrastructure. We furthermore analyzed the transcriptome (RNA Seq) after ACC application to wild-type and ethylene-insensitive trees. We demonstrate that ACC and ethylene induce gelatinous layers (G-layers) and alter the fiber cell wall cellulose microfibril angle. G-layers are tertiary wall layers rich in cellulose, typically found in tension wood of aspen trees. A vast majority of transcripts affected by ACC are downstream of ethylene perception and include a large number of transcription factors (TFs). Motif-analyses reveal potential connections between ethylene TFs (Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs), ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3/ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 (EIN3/EIL1)) and wood formation. G-layer formation upon ethylene application suggests that the increase in ethylene biosynthesis observed during tension wood formation is important for its formation. Ethylene-regulated TFs of the ERF and EIN3/EIL1 type could transmit the ethylene signal.
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34.
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35.
  • Lundberg-Felten, Judith, et al. (författare)
  • Vibrational spectroscopic image analysis of biological material using multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS)
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nature Protocols. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-2189 .- 1750-2799. ; 10:2, s. 217-240
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Raman and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) microspectroscopic images of biological material (tissue sections) contain detailed information about their chemical composition. The challenge lies in identifying changes in chemical composition, as well as locating and assigning these changes to different conditions (pathology, anatomy, environmental or genetic factors). Multivariate data analysis techniques are ideal for decrypting such information from the data. This protocol provides a user-friendly pipeline and graphical user interface (GUI) for data pre-processing and unmixing of pixel spectra into their contributing pure components by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis. The analysis considers the full spectral profile in order to identify the chemical compounds and to visualize their distribution across the sample to categorize chemically distinct areas. Results are rapidly achieved (usually <30-60 min per image), and they are easy to interpret and evaluate both in terms of chemistry and biology, making the method generally more powerful than principal component analysis (PCA) or heat maps of single-band intensities. In addition, chemical and biological evaluation of the results by means of reference matching and segmentation maps (based on k-means clustering) is possible.
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36.
  • Mahboubi, Miramirhossein, et al. (författare)
  • Aspen SUCROSE TRANSPORTER3 Allocates Carbon into Wood Fibers
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 163, s. 1729-1740
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wood formation in trees requires carbon import from the photosynthetic tissues. In several tree species, including Populus species, the majority of this carbon is derived from sucrose (Suc) transported in the phloem. The mechanism of radial Suc transport from phloem to developing wood is not well understood. We investigated the role of active Suc transport during secondary cell wall formation in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides). We show that RNA interference-mediated reduction of PttSUT3 (for Suc/H+ symporter) during secondary cell wall formation in developing wood caused thinner wood fiber walls accompanied by a reduction in cellulose and an increase in lignin. Suc content in the phloem and developing wood was not significantly changed. However, after (CO2)-C-13 assimilation, the SUT3RNAi lines contained more C-13 than the wild type in the Suc-containing extract of developing wood. Hence, Suc was transported into developing wood, but the Suc-derived carbon was not efficiently incorporated to wood fiber walls. A yellow fluorescent protein: PttSUT3 fusion localized to plasma membrane, suggesting that reduced Suc import into developing wood fibers was the cause of the observed cell wall phenotype. The results show the importance of active Suc transport for wood formation in a symplasmically phloem-loading tree species and identify PttSUT3 as a principal transporter for carbon delivery into secondary cell wall-forming wood fibers.
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37.
  • Marinovíc, Mila, et al. (författare)
  • Comparative Analysis of Enzyme Production Patterns of Lignocellulose Degradation of Two White Rot Fungi : Obba rivulosa and Gelatoporia subvermispora
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 12:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The unique ability of basidiomycete white rot fungi to degrade all components of plant cell walls makes them indispensable organisms in the global carbon cycle. In this study, we analyzed the proteomes of two closely related white rot fungi, Obba rivulosa and Gelatoporia subvermispora, during eight-week cultivation on solid spruce wood. Plant cell wall degrading carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) represented approximately 5% of the total proteins in both species. A core set of orthologous plant cell wall degrading CAZymes was shared between these species on spruce suggesting a conserved plant biomass degradation approach in this clade of basidiomycete fungi. However, differences in time-dependent production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes may be due to differences among initial growth rates of these species on solid spruce wood. The obtained results provide insight into specific enzymes and enzyme sets that are produced during the degradation of solid spruce wood in these fungi. These findings expand the knowledge on enzyme production in nature-mimicking conditions and may contribute to the exploitation of white rot fungi and their enzymes for biotechnological applications.
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38.
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39.
  • Miranda, Diego A., et al. (författare)
  • Production and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from Halomonas boliviensis LC1 cultivated in hydrolysates of quinoa stalks
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Fermentation. - : MDPI. - 2311-5637. ; 9:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The global production of fossil-based plastics has reached critical levels, and their substitution with bio-based polymers is an urgent requirement. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a biopolymer that can be produced via microbial cultivation, but efficient microorganisms and low-cost substrates are required. Halomonas boliviensis LC1, a moderately halophilic bacterium, is an effective PHB producer, and hydrolysates of the residual stalks of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) can be considered a cheap source of sugars for microbial fermentation processes in quinoa-producing countries. In this study, H. boliviensis LC1 was adapted to a cellulosic hydrolysate of quinoa stalks obtained via acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. The adapted strain was cultivated in hydrolysates and synthetic media, each of them with two different initial concentrations of glucose. Cell growth, glucose consumption, and PHB formation during cultivation were assessed. The cultivation results showed an initial lag in microbial growth and glucose consumption in the quinoa hydrolysates compared to cultivation in synthetic medium, but after 33 h, the values were comparable for all media. Cultivation in hydrolysates with an initial glucose concentration of 15 g/L resulted in a higher glucose consumption rate (0.15 g/(L h) vs. 0.14 g/(L h)) and volumetric productivity of PHB (14.02 mg/(L h) vs. 10.89 mg/(L h)) than cultivation in hydrolysates with 20 g/L as the initial glucose concentration. During most of the cultivation time, the PHB yield on initial glucose was higher for cultivation in synthetic medium than in hydrolysates. The produced PHBs were characterized using advanced analytical techniques, such as high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). HPSEC revealed that the molecular weight of PHB produced in the cellulosic hydrolysate was lower than that of PHB produced in synthetic medium. TGA showed higher thermal stability for PHB produced in synthetic medium than for that produced in the hydrolysate. The results of the other characterization techniques displayed comparable features for both PHB samples. The presented results show the feasibility of producing PHB from quinoa stalks with H. boliviensis.
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40.
  • Niemi, Calle, et al. (författare)
  • Quantitative and qualitative saccharide analysis of North Atlantic brown seaweed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 254
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Brown seaweeds contain a variety of saccharides which have potential industrial uses. The most abundant polysaccharide in brown seaweed is typically alginate, consisting of mannuronic (M) and guluronic acid (G). The ratio of these residues fundamentally determines the physicochemical properties of alginate. In the present study, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to give a detailed breakdown of the monosaccharide species in North Atlantic brown seaweeds. The anthrone method was used for determination of crystalline cellulose. The experimental data was used to calibrate multivariate prediction models for estimation of total carbohydrates, crystalline cellulose, total alginate and alginate M/G ratio directly in dried, brown seaweed using three types of infrared spectroscopy, using relative error (RE) as a measure of predictive accuracy. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) performed well for the estimation of total alginate (RE = 0.12, R2 = 0.82), and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) showed good prediction of M/G ratio (RE = 0.14, R2 = 0.86). Both DRIFTS, ATR and near infrared (NIR) were unable to predict crystalline cellulose and only DRIFTS performed better in determining total carbohydrates. Multivariate spectral analysis is a promising method for easy and rapid characterization of alginate and M/G ratio in seaweed.
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41.
  • Niemi, Calle, et al. (författare)
  • Rapid and accurate determination of protein content in North Atlantic seaweed by NIR and FTIR spectroscopies
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 404
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seaweed is considered a potentially sustainable source of protein for human consumption, and rapid, accurate methods for determining seaweed protein contents are needed. Seaweeds contain substances which interfere with common protein estimation methods however. The present study compares the Lowry and BCA protein assays and protein determination by N-ratios to more novel spectroscopic methods. Linear regression of the height or the integrated area under the Amide II band of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to predict seaweed protein with good prediction performance. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed on both DRIFTS and near-infrared (NIR) spectra, with even higher prediction accuracy. Spectroscopy performed similar to or better than the calculated N-ratio of 4.14 for protein prediction. These spectral prediction methods require minimal sample preparation and chemical use, and are easy to perform, making them environmentally sustainable and economically viable for rapid estimation of seaweed protein.
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42.
  • Nord, Christoffer, et al. (författare)
  • Biochemical profiling of diabetes disease progression by multivariate vibrational microspectroscopy of the pancreas
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1, s. 6646-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite the dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes, techniques for in situ studies of the underlying pancreatic biochemistry are lacking. Such methods would facilitate obtaining mechanistic understanding of diabetes pathophysiology and aid in prognostic and/or diagnostic assessments. In this report we demonstrate how a multivariate imaging approach (orthogonal projections to latent structures - discriminant analysis) can be applied to generate full vibrational microspectroscopic profiles of pancreatic tissues. These profiles enable extraction of known and previously unrecorded biochemical alterations in models of diabetes, and allow for classification of the investigated tissue with regards to tissue type, strain and stage of disease progression. Most significantly, the approach provided evidence for dramatic alterations of the pancreatic biochemistry at the initial onset of immune-infiltration in the Non Obese Diabetic model for type 1 diabetes. Further, it enabled detection of a previously undocumented accumulation of collagen fibrils in the leptin deficient ob/ob mouse islets. By generating high quality spectral profiles through the tissue capsule of hydrated human pancreata and by in vivo Raman imaging of pancreatic islets transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye, we provide critical feasibility studies for the translation of this technique to diagnostic assessments of pancreatic biochemistry in vivo.
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43.
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44.
  • Normark, Monica, et al. (författare)
  • Biochemical Conversion of Torrefied Norway Spruce After Pretreatment with Acid or Ionic Liquid
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 9:1, s. 355-368
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The chemical effects of torrefaction and the possibility to combine torrefaction with biochemical conversion were explored in experiments with five preparations of wood of Norway spruce that had been torrefied using different degrees of severity. Compositional analysis and analyses using solid-state CP/MAS C-13 NMR, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Py-GC/MS showed small gradual changes, such as decreased hemicellulosic content and increased Klason lignin value, for torrefaction conditions in the range from 260 A degrees C and 8 min up to 310 A degrees C and 8 min. The most severe torrefaction conditions (310 A degrees C, 25 min) resulted in substantial loss of glucan and further increase of the Klason lignin value, which was attributed to conversion of carbohydrate to pseudo-lignin. Even mild torrefaction conditions led to decreased susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, a state which was not changed by pretreatment with sulfuric acid. Pretreatment with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate overcame the additional recalcitrance caused by torrefaction, and the glucose yields after 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis of wood torrefied at 260 A degrees C for 8 min and at 285 A degrees C for 16.5 min were as high as that of IL-pretreated non-torrefied spruce wood. Compared to IL-pretreated non-torrefied reference wood, the glucose production rates after 2 h of enzymatic hydrolysis of IL-pretreated wood torrefied at 260 A degrees C for 8 min and at 285 A degrees C for 16.5 min were 63 and 40 % higher, respectively. The findings offer increased understanding of the effects of torrefaction and indicate that mild torrefaction is compatible with biochemical conversion after pretreatment with alternative solvents that disrupt pseudo-lignin-containing lignocellulose.
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45.
  • Nzayisenga, Jean Claude, et al. (författare)
  • Screening Suitability of Northern Hemisphere Algal Strains for Heterotrophic Cultivation and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 25:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rapid rises in atmospheric CO2 levels derived from fossil fuel combustion are imposing urgent needs for renewable substitutes. One environmentally friendly alternative is biodiesel produced from suitable microalgal fatty acids. Algal strains normally grow photoautotrophically, but this is problematic in Northern areas because of the light limitations for much of the year. Mixotrophic and particularly heterotrophic strains could be valuable, especially if they can be cultivated in municipal wastewater with contents of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous that should be reduced before release into receiving water. Thus, the aim of this study was to screen for microalgal strains suitable for heterotrophic cultivation with a cheap carbon source (glycerol) for biodiesel production in Nordic, and other high-latitude, countries. One of the examined strains, a Desmodesmus sp. strain designated 2-6, accumulated biomass at similar rates in heterotrophic conditions with 40 mM glycerol as in autotrophic conditions. Furthermore, in heterotrophic conditions it produced more fatty acids, and ca. 50% more C18:1 fatty acids, as well as showing a significant decrease in C18:3 fatty acids, all of which are highly desirable features for biodiesel production.
  •  
46.
  • Pesquet, Edouard, et al. (författare)
  • Non-Cell-Autonomous Postmortem Lignification of Tracheary Elements in Zinnia elegans
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: The Plant Cell. - : American Society of Plant Biologists. - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 25:4, s. 1314-1328
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Postmortem lignification of xylem tracheary elements (TEs) has been debated for decades. Here, we provide evidence in Zinnia elegans TE cell cultures, using pharmacological inhibitors and in intact Z. elegans plants using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, that TE lignification occurs postmortem (i.e., after TE programmed cell death). In situ RT-PCR verified expression of the lignin monomer biosynthetic cinnamoyl CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in not only the lignifying TEs but also in the unlignified non-TE cells of Z. elegans TE cell cultures and in living, parenchymatic xylem cells that surround TEs in stems. These cells were also shown to have the capacity to synthesize and transport lignin monomers and reactive oxygen species to the cell walls of dead TEs. Differential gene expression analysis in Z. elegans TE cell cultures and concomitant functional analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in identification of several genes that were expressed in the non-TE cells and that affected lignin chemistry on the basis of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. These data suggest that living, parenchymatic xylem cells contribute to TE lignification in a non-cellautonomous manner, thus enabling the postmortem lignification of TEs.
  •  
47.
  • Pettersson, Lage, et al. (författare)
  • Speciation in peroxovanadate systems
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Coordination Chemistry Reviews. ; 237:1-2, s. 77-87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Detailed and thorough potentiometric and 51V-NMR spectroscopic investigations of H+–H2VO4−–H2O2–Ligand systems have been performed at 25 °C in 0.15 M Na(Cl) ionic medium. Extensive ranges of vanadate, hydrogen peroxide and ligand concentration and of pH have been covered. The medium was chosen to represent the physiological conditions in human blood. The computer program , designed to treat different types of data simultaneously, has been used to establish the entire speciation in the systems. Before studying systems containing the ligand (L), the complete speciation in the subsystem H+–H2VO4−–H2O2 must be known under the same experimental conditions. The formation constants in this subsystem have earlier been determined and it was found that hydrogen peroxide interacts with vanadate in the whole pH range studied (0.5–10.5). In all, 10 peroxovanadate species were identified and diperoxovanadate species were found to be exceptionally stable at physiological pH. The ligands studied so far include imidazole (Im), -α-alanyl--histidine (Ah), -α-alanyl--serine (As), picolinic acid (Pi), and -(+)-lactic acid (La). In these five systems, as many as 3, 8, 6, 8, and 5 different peroxovanadate—L species (isomers included) were identified. A feature common to all these systems is that V(H2O2)2L species are formed at physiological pH. Notably, the 51V chemical shift values of diperoxovanadate moieties are always found in the range −670 to −770 ppm, and those of monoperoxovanadate from −540 to −670 ppm. The equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams and the effectiveness of the different ligands as complexation agents are compared. In the case of diperoxovanadate complexes, ligands with aromatic nitrogen (Im, Pi, Ah) are the most effective, the one with both aliphatic nitrogen and oxygen (As) is less effective, and the one with oxygen only (La) is the least preferred.
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48.
  • Rambaran, Mark, et al. (författare)
  • Polyoxoniobates as molecular building blocks in thin films
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 50:44, s. 16030-16038
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Niobium oxide thin films have been prepared by spin-coating aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium salts of the isostructural polyoxometalate clusters [Nb10O28]6−, [TiNb9O28]7− and [Ti2Nb8O28]8− onto silicon wafers, and annealing them. The [Nb10O28]6− cluster yields films of Nb2O5 in the orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal phases when annealed at 800 °C and 1000 °C, respectively, whereas the [TiNb9O28]7− and [Ti2Nb8O28]8− clusters yield the monoclinic crystal phases of Ti2Nb12O29 and TiNb2O7 (titanium–niobium oxides) in different ratios. We also demonstrate a protocol for depositing successive layers of metal oxide films. Finally, we explore factors affecting the roughness of the films.
  •  
49.
  • Ranade, Sonali, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptive strategies of Scots pine under shade: Increase in lignin synthesis and ecotypic variation in defense-related gene expression
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum. - : Wiley. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 174
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Shade is a stressful condition for plants characterized by low Red:Far-Red (R:FR) ratio. The northern latitudes in Sweden daily receive more hours of FR-enriched light (twilight) or shade-like conditions compared to southern forests during the growing season. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a shade-intolerant species. Yet, it is well adapted to this latitudinal variation in light, which is evident by a northward increase in FR requirement to maintain growth. Shade adversely affects plant growth; it makes the plant weak and, therefore, susceptible to pathogen attack. Lignin is involved in plant protection against pathogen invasion mainly by forming a physical barrier. We studied lignin synthesis and expression of defense-related genes (growth-defense trade-offs) under a low R:FR (shade) ratio in Scots pine. A higher number of immunity/defense-related genes were up-regulated in response to shade in northern populations compared to southern ones, which can be viewed as a local adaptation to light quality for optimal growth and survival. Light quality regulates lignin metabolism; light stimulates lignin synthesis, while shade causes a decrease in lignin synthesis in most angiosperms. In contrast, Scots pine shows an increase in lignin synthesis supported by the higher expression of a few key genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway, a novel finding reported by our study. These findings can be applied to future breeding strategies in forestry to produce disease-resilient trees.
  •  
50.
  • Ranade, Sonali, et al. (författare)
  • Enhanced lignin synthesis and ecotypic variation in defense-related gene expression in response to shade in Norway spruce
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Plant, Cell and Environment. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0140-7791 .- 1365-3040. ; 45:9, s. 2671-2681
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the growth season, northern forests in Sweden daily receive more hours of far-red (FR)-enriched light or twilight (shade) as compared to southern forests. Norway spruce (shade-tolerant) are adapted to latitudinal variation in twilight characterized by a northward increase in FR requirement to maintain growth. Shade is a stressful condition that affects plant growth and increases plant's susceptibility to pathogen attack. Lignin plays a central role in plant defense and its metabolism is regulated by light wavelength composition (light quality). In the current work, we studied regulation of lignin synthesis and defense-related genes (growth-defense trade-offs) in response to shade in Norway spruce. In most angiosperms, light promotes lignin synthesis, whereas shade decreases lignin production leading to weaker stem, which may make plants more disease susceptible. In contrast, enhanced lignin synthesis was detected in response to shade in Norway spruce. We detected a higher number of immunity/defense-related genes up-regulated in northern populations as compared to south ones in response to shade. Enhanced lignin synthesis coupled with higher defense-related gene expression can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy for better survival in northern populations. Findings will contribute to ensuring deployment of well-adapted genetic material and identifying tree families with enhanced disease resistance.
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