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- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 3. |
- Fischer, Anders, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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The Rodhals kitchen midden - marine adaptations at the end of the Mesolithic world
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rodhals kitchen midden was located on a tiny stretch of land 18 km from the nearest major landmass in present-day Denmark. It dates to the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, roughly 4300 to 3700 cal BC. Its inhabitants practiced a remarkably broad-scale exploitation of marine resources spanning from the collecting of mollusks on the sea-shore, over open-sea fowling and deep-water angling to the killing of small whales. The sparse traces of terrestrial diet are mainly from cattle, sheep, pig and cereals dating to a late stage of the habitation. Strategic raw materials of bone and antler from large forest game were only occasionally imported from across the sea. In terms of artefact types and production modes, the material culture of Rodhals represents the ultimate stage of the local fisher-hunter-gatherer Ertebolle Culture and an initial stage of the farming-based Funnel Beaker Culture. The extreme marine adaptation seen at this site may reflect a historically extraordinary situation, where an indigenous population of foragers had lost major parts of its territory to immigrant farmers.
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| 4. |
- Trulsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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From brain to bridge: masticatory function and dental implants
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 0305-182X .- 1365-2842. ; 39:11, s. 858-877
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Masticatory function is an important aspect of oral health, and oral rehabilitation should aim to maintain or restore adequate function. The present qualitative review is the joint effort of a group of clinicians and researchers with experiences ranging from basic and clinical oral neuroscience to management of patients with dental implants. The aim is to provide a short summary for the clinician of the many aspects related to masticatory function (including quality of life) and rehabilitation with dental implants. While there are many reviews on the tissue responses to dental implants and technical aspects, the functional aspects have received relatively little focus.
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