| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Koskuvi, Marja, et al.
(författare)
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Lower complement C1q levels in first-episode psychosis and in schizophrenia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. - : Elsevier. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 117, s. 313-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent evidence has implicated complement component (C) 4A in excessive elimination of synapses in schizophrenia. C4A is believed to contribute to physiological synapse removal through signaling within the C1q initiated classical activation axis of the complement system. So far, a potential involvement of C1q in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, we first utilized large-scale gene expression datasets (n = 586 patients with schizophrenia and n = 986 controls) to observe lower C1QA mRNA expression in prefrontal cortex tissue of individuals with schizophrenia (P = 4.8x10-05), while C1QA seeded co-expression networks displayed no enrichment for schizophrenia risk variants beyond C4A. We then used targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LS-MS) to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of C1qA in 113 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), among which 66 individuals was later diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 87 healthy controls. CSF concentrations of C1qA were lower in individuals diagnosed with FEP (P = 0.0001), also after removing subjects with a short-term prescription of an antipsychotic agent (P = 0.0005). We conclude that C1q mRNA and protein levels are lower in schizophrenia and that further experimental studies are needed to understand the functional implications.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ali, Lilas, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Person-centred psychosis care in the inpatient setting:Staff experiences of an educational intervention.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Forum on Quality and Safety in Health Care. Gothenburg, Sweden 12-15 April 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: The key component in this research project is to test and implement a person-centred psychosis care approach that leads to an active partnership between health professionals and patients. Only by transforming the relationship between the patient and the care provider from the present state of dependency into an equal partnership can we achieve a more effective care model with enhanced financial efficacy and patient self-efficacy. Person-centred psychosis care means to shift away from a model in which the patient is the passive target of a medical intervention to a model where a contractual arrangement is made involving the patient as an active part in the care and the decision-making process. The patient illness narrative is the starting point for building a collaborative, equalitarian health professional-patient partnership that confirms capacities in patients. The patient narrative is the patient´s account of his/her illness, symptoms, and the impact on life. Finally the narrative and agreed partnership needs to be documented in order to secure further care. Methods: The person centered care intervention will be implemented at all four in-patient wards at the Psychosis clinic. An implementation group has been formed and representatives from the four wards are included in this group (section leaders, heads of the wards, and senior ward psychiatrists). The implementation group makes decisions regarding the organization and content of the staff education sessions. The research process has a participatory design which is structured by the foundation pillars in the gPCC model and composes of four workshops together with 33% of the staff in the psychosis care wards, at the department of psychosis, Sahlgrenska University Hospital. All workshops focus on person-centred care and how to implement this care approach at all four in-patient wards at the Psychosis clinic. Now that the educational intervention has been completed it is in our belief that the care offered on the ward is more person-centred. This project will explore this with a simple “before” and “after” design. The primary outcome will be patient empowerment as measured by the “Making Decisions Empowerment Scale”. This scale been validated and used internationally in studies involving persons with severe mental ill-health. Results: All the participants in this project have completed the second phase of the gPCC implementation model and they have agreed on person-centred tasks to implement in their units. Our hypothesis is that persons who receive inpatient treatment after the implementation of the intervention will score higher on ratings of empowerment and consumer satisfaction than those on the “pre-intervention” wards. Further, we hypothesize that shorter hospital stays and less use of involuntary treatments will be observed on the post-intervention wards. Discussion: A person-centered care approach can increase partnership between mental health service users and providers. A basic tenant of person-centered care is that the patient is seen as a capable person who has self-respect and self-esteem. A key element in person-centred care is the dialogue between the professional and the patient, a dialogue with the person, rather than talking to (or informing) a person. The staff education package in itself provides us with an excellent opportunity for transfer of research findings into the care setting. The members of the teaching staff are used as active researchers who will incorporate results from ongoing of the teacher’s results from our ongoing clinical projects on cognition, adherence, and stigma.
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| 6. |
- Ali, Lilas, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Personcentrering vid psykisk ohälsa
- 2020
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Ingår i: Personcentrering inom hälso- och sjukvård. Från filosofi till praktik.. - 9789147129676 ; , s. 299-318
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Allerby, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing person-centeredness in psychosis inpatient care: care consumption before and after a person-centered care intervention
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:6, s. 600-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with psychotic disorders often need hospitalization with long stays. Person-centered care (PCC) has been shown to improve care quality and decrease the length of hospital stay in non-psychiatric settings. We carried out an educational intervention for inpatient staff, aiming to increase person-centeredness at a major Swedish psychosis clinic. The aim of this study was to test if the intervention could be associated with decreased length of hospital stay (LoS), involuntary stay (LoIS), and reduction in rapid readmissions. Methods: Data from the clinic’s administrative registry were compared for patients with a discharge diagnosis within the schizophrenia-spectrum treated during the one-year periods before and after the PCC intervention. Results: Contrary to our hypotheses, a quantile regression estimated longer LoS post-intervention, median difference 10.4 d (CI 4.73–16.10). Neither age, sex nor diagnostic category were associated with LoS. Of all inpatient days, ∼80% were involuntary. While LoIS was numerically longer post-intervention, the difference did not reach significance in the final regression model (median difference 7.95 d, CI −1.40 to 17.31). Proportions with readmission within 2 weeks of discharge did not differ (7.7% vs 5.2%, n.s.). Conclusions: Increased length of inpatient care was observed after the PCPC intervention. This could reflect an increased focus on the unmet needs of persons with serious psychotic conditions, but it needs to be explored in future research using a more rigorous study design. Trial registration: This study is part of a larger evaluation of Person-Centered Psychosis Care (PCPC), registered during data collection (after the study start, before analysis) at clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03182283.
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| 8. |
- Allerby, Katarina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing person-centeredness in psychosis inpatient care: staff experiences from the Person-Centered Psychosis Care (PCPC) project
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Interventions to increase person-centeredness in hospital care for persons with psychotic illness are needed. Changing care delivery is however a complex venture, requiring staff to reconsider their mindsets and ways of working. A multidisciplinary educational intervention for hospital staff at four wards was launched to increase person-centeredness in the care of patients with schizophrenia and similar psychoses. This study aims to explore staff experiences of working to increase person-centeredness. Methods: A heterogenic sample of staff (n = 23) from all participating wards were recruited for six focus group interviews. Semi-structured questions covered staff perceptions of person-centered care and the process of increasing person-centeredness. Transcribed data was analyzed using thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke. Results: Staff viewed person-centered care as an approach rather than a method. They described central aspects of person-centered care, such as recognizing the patient as a capable person who can participate in her/his care. Statements further showed how these core features were put into practice. Changes related to the intervention were presented in terms of evolving patient and staff roles, improved contact with patients, more flexible care routines, and a more positive ward climate. Neither psychotic symptoms nor involuntary status were considered barriers for person-centered care, but organizational factors beyond staff control seemed to impact on implementation. Conclusions: After implementation, participants displayed good understanding of the core concepts of person-centered care in both thinking and action. They attributed several improvements in the care milieu to an increased level of person-centeredness. Psychotic behavior and involuntary treatment did not present major barriers to person-centered care. Findings suggest person-centered care is feasible in the psychosis inpatient setting and could improve quality of care.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Allerby, Katarina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Person-Centered Psychosis Care (PCPC) In An Inpatient Setting : Ward Level Data And Staff Workload
- 2019
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - : Oxford University Press. - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701. ; 45:Supplement 2, s. S304-S304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The person-centered care approach has been little tested in inpatient settings for persons with schizophrenia. An intervention, PersonCentered Psychosis Care (PCPC), was created to increase person-centered care through an educational intervention for staff. The education had a participatory approach where participants were involved in shaping the education and creating projects aimed at care development. The PCPC intervention focused on the patient’s narrative, the creation of a partnership between the patient and staff, and on coming to an agreement between the patient and staff concerning the care. The present study aims to compare staff experienced workload and ward level data before and after implementation of the intervention.Methods: The study was carried out on 4 hospital wards (43 beds) at the Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden. Data was collected during a 6-month pre-intervention period, followed by an implementation period of 3 years, and finally a post intervention data collection period (9 months). During both data collection periods, one nurse per ward filled out a measure of daily subjective workload (a VAS scale with 0 indicating no burden at all and 10 indicating the highest imaginable burden). Additional ward level data (length of hospital stay, involuntary interventions, rehospitalization rates) were collected via the clinic’s electronic monitoring system.Results: The pre-intervention ratings (n=505) showed a mean subjective workload of 5.48 (SD=1.94). The post intervention workload (n=465) showed a mean of 4.51 (SD=2.08) which represents a significant reduction of experienced workload (t (968) = p <.0005). Analyses regarding length of hospital stay, involuntary interventions, and rehospitalization rates are underway and will be presented.Discussion: The findings indicate an improvement in the work environment for hospital staff and provide a quantitative result in line with staff experiences previously reported in our focus group study. The before and after design has its limitations, but the positive findings motivate further testing with a more rigorous design such as a cluster randomized study.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Allerby, Katarina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Striving for a more person-centered psychosis care: results of a hospital-based multi-professional educational intervention
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reluctance on the part of mental health professionals constitutes an important barrier to patient participation in care. In order to stimulate person-centeredness in the inpatient care of persons with psychotic illness, we developed and tested an educational intervention for hospital staff (including psychiatrists) at all four wards at the Psychosis Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. The intervention was co-created by professionals, patients, and researchers using a participatory approach. In addition to lectures and workshops, staff created and implemented small projects to increase person-centeredness on their own wards. A primary focus was to establish a partnership between patient and staff by capturing and utilizing the patient's narrative to support active engagement in the care process. This included the development of a person-centered care plan. We hypothesized that the intervention would be associated with increased patient empowerment (primary outcome) and satisfaction with care (secondary outcome). Methods: A before and after design was used to test group differences in patient empowerment (Empowerment Scale) and consumer satisfaction (UKU-ConSat Rating Scale). All patients receiving inpatient psychosis care during measuring periods were eligible if meeting inclusion criteria of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, age > 18, and ability to comprehend study information. Severe cognitive deficit and inadequate Swedish language skills were exclusion criteria. Data on possible confounding variables including overall health (EQ-5D), symptom burden (PANSS), and functional ability (GAF) were collected alongside outcome measures. Results: ANCOVAs with overall health as a confounding variable showed no group differences regarding empowerment before (n = 50) versus after (n = 49) intervention, sample mean = 2.87/2.99, p = .142, eta(2) = .02, CI = -.27-.04. Consumer satisfaction (n = 50/50) was higher in the post-implementation group (4.46 versus 11.71, p = .041 eta(2) = .04, CI = -14.17- -.31). Conclusion: The hypothesis regarding the primary outcome, empowerment, was not supported. An increase in the secondary outcome, satisfaction, was observed, although the effect size was small, and results should be interpreted with caution. Findings from this staff educational intervention can inform the development of future studies aimed at improvement of inpatient care for persons with severe mental illness.
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| 13. |
- Cederberg, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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A lowered threshold to partnerships: a mixed methods process evaluation of participants' experiences of a person-centred eHealth intervention
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bmc Health Services Research. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn order to understand pathways of complex interventions, the Medical Research Council has suggested that process evaluations should be conducted alongside randomised controlled trials (RCTs). This paper presents a mixed methods process evaluation of a complex, person-centred eHealth intervention for persons on sick leave with common mental disorders.AimThe aim of the study was to explore participants' experiences of a person-centred eHealth intervention and illuminate meaningful activities and processes.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the intervention arm of an RCT (n = 102). Questionnaires on perceived meaningfulness of the overall intervention and intervention activities were sent to participants on two occasions, after 3 and 6 months, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 15 participants in the intervention group. Questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and interview data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The quantitative and qualitative data strands were integrated at interpretation.ResultsAt both follow-ups, a majority of participants reported that the intervention was fully or partly meaningful and that the most meaningful activity was the phone calls with health care professionals working in the intervention. In the qualitative analysis, three categories describing participants' experiences of the intervention were formed: Acknowledgment in a disconcerting situation, Finding ways forward and Unmet expectations. A synthesis of quantitative and qualitative findings resulted in the overarching theme of meaningfulness as constituted by a lowered threshold to partnerships: support within reach, when needed.ConclusionExperiences of meaningfulness of the intervention were constituted by a lowered threshold to forming care partnerships, in which support was within reach, when needed. If the content of the intervention was not in accordance with individuals' needs or expectations, access alone did not suffice to constitute meaningfulness.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03404583; 19/01/2018.
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| 14. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A New System for the Automated Digital Ganzfeld
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Parapsychological Association 44th Convention: Proceedings of presented papers. ; , s. 408-410
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Finding Psi in the Paranormal: Psychometric Measures Used in Research on Paranormal Beliefs/Experiences and in Research on Psi-Ability
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Parapsychology. - 0168-7263. ; 16, s. 73-101
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large research effort is currently being aimed at finding reliable measures of paranormal beliefs/experiences and psi-abilities. This article reviews how the use of psychometric instruments for this purpose is steered to a large extent by the underlying model or ideology concerning what psychic experiences are. The review updates previous reviews of instruments used in research on paranormal beliefs/experiences (Irwin, 1993) and in forced-choice ESP-studies (Lawrence, 1993) and also supplements these with a review of instruments applied in free-response ESP-studies. Altogether 147 studies published between 1993 and 1999 were retrieved and these were found to have used a total of 149 different questionnaires, tests, and sets of items. However, of these various psychometric instruments, only 43 claimed to measure paranormal beliefs/experiences and the remaining related to other areas of psychological functioning. The trend noted in a previous review (Irwin, 1993) of focusing on the possible dysfunctional aspects of psychic experiences (e. g. lack of critical thinking ability and proneness to psychosis) has continued unabated in recent years. Amongst the belief scales, The Paranormal Belief Scale (Tobacyk & Milford, 1983) is the most widely used instrument. It is also a popular instrument applied in forced-choice ESP-studies although it has not as yet been used in free-response ESP-studies. The Australian Sheep-Goat Scale (Thalbourne & Haraldsson, 1980) continues to be one of the most accepted instruments in research on ESP, and is one of the few instruments used in all areas of the research reviewed here.
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| 17. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966
(författare)
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Healthy schizotypy in a population of paranormal believers and experients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. ; 38:5, s. 1069-1083
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate which of a fully dimensional and a quasi-dimensional model for schizotypy would be supported in a population of 129 paranormal believers and experients. It also aimed to investigate which, if any, of the previous cluster structures (Goulding, 2004; Loughland & Williams, 1997) would be replicated. An agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and a subse-quent k-means cluster analysis of the Unusual Experiences (UE), Cognitive Dis-organisation (CD), and Introvertive Anhedonia (IA) sub-scales of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE; Mason, Claridge & Jackson, 1995) were performed. Three separate clusters, labelled Introvertive Anhedonia (IA), Low Schizotypy (LS), and Cognitive Disorganisation (CD), were identified. An analysis of variance showed that the clusters did not differ with regard to paranormal beliefs and experiences, measured by the Australian Sheep-Goat Scale (ASGS; Thalbourne & Delin, 1993); all clusters had high scores. Another analysis of variance showed that the LS cluster scored signifi-cantly higher on the health-related Sense of Coherence (SOC; Antonovsky, 1991) Scale than both the other clusters. The results of this study support the Lough-land and Williams (1997) O-LIFE four-cluster solution and the notion of healthy schizotypy and therefore also the fully dimensional model of schizotypy.
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| 18. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966
(författare)
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Mental health aspects of paranormal and psi related experiences
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aimed to investigate if paranormal beliefs and experiences represent signs of psychological ill-health or if they are neutral regarding psychological health. A further aim was to validate subjective paranormal experiences. The first part of the thesis compares two models for the construct schizotypy, a quasi-dimensional model and a fully dimensional model in the context of psychological health. The former views paranormal beliefs and experiences as pathological whereas the fully dimensional model is unbiased regarding health. Individuals were grouped according to their scores on a multi-dimensional schizotypy measure, the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences Scale (Mason, Claridge & Jackson, 1995). The schizotypy groups were compared regarding two mental health-related measures, the Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky, 1991) and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (Bederoff-Petersson, Jägtoft & Åström, 1971) Neuroticism sub-scale, and a measure of paranormal beliefs and experiences, the Australian Sheep-Goat Scale (Thalbourne & Delin, 1993). The results support the fully dimensional schizotypy model. Noteworthy, a group of people with a high level of paranormal beliefs and experiences also reported a high level of sense of coherence in conjunction with low neuroticism, which signifies psychological health rather than ill-health. The second part of the thesis was designed to validate subjective paranormal experiences in the laboratory, where a Ganzfeld paradigm was used to induce psi. The psi Ganzfeld result was non-significant. Individual differences between successful and unsuccessful participants were investigated to explore the association between psi success and psychological health. The results of this thesis show that the relationships between the subjective reports of health-related sense of coherence, neuroticism, and subjective reports of strong paranormal beliefs and experiences are complex. It seems more likely that strong paranormal beliefs and experiences together with an inability to experience pleasure or cognitive disorganisation are related to perceived ill-health rather than strong paranormal beliefs and experiences on their own. The results support the notion of healthy schizotypy and the conclusion that paranormal beliefs and experiences should be viewed as neutral regarding mental health.
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| 19. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966
(författare)
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Paranormal Beliefs and Experiences in Relation to Subjective Health and Schizotypy
- 2003
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aimed at investigating paranormal beliefs and experiences in relation to subjective health and ill-health in terms of schizotypy. Following a literature review, two empirical studies are presented. The purpose of the studies was to investigate which of two models best describes the construct schizotypy. Within the quasi-dimensional model, schizotypy is viewed as something connected with ill-health, whereas it is possible to view schizotypy as sometimes connected with ill-health and sometimes with health within the fully dimensional model (Claridge, 1997). Individuals were grouped according to their scores on a multi-dimensional schizotypy measure, the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE; Mason, Claridge & Jackson, 1995). The group differences on a health-related measure, the Sense of Coherence (SOC; Antonovsky, 1991) Scale and a measure of paranormal beliefs and experiences, the Australian Sheep-Goat Scale (ASGS; Thalbourne & Delin, 1993) were examined. In study I, an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of 88 students’ responses on the O-LIFE, Unusual Experiences (UE), Cognitive Disorganisation (CD), and Introvertive Anhedonia (IA) sub-scales suggested three separate clusters. These were labelled Cognitive Disorganisation/Introvertive Anhedonia (CD/IA), Unusual Experiences (UE), and Low Schizotypy (LS). One-way ANOVA:s revealed that the CD/IA cluster scored lower on the SOC Scale than the other clusters and that the UE cluster scored higher than the LS cluster on the ASGS. In study II, 129 paranormal believers/experients participated. An agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and a subsequent k-means cluster analysis of the UE, CD, and IA sub-scales of the O-LIFE suggested three separate clusters, labelled Introvertive Anhedonia (IA), Low Schizotypy (LS), and Cognitive Disorganisation (CD). One-way ANOVA:s showed that the LS cluster scored significantly higher on the SOC Scale compared to the other clusters, whereas there were no significant differences across the clusters on the ASGS. The finding that the UE and LS clusters of study I had similar SOC scores and that the paranormal believers and experients in the LS cluster of study II had very high SOC scores support the fully dimensional model for schizotypy over the disease-based quasi-dimensional model. The results suggest that paranormal beliefs and experiences on their own are not associated with perceived ill-health.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966
(författare)
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Participant variables associated with psi Ganzfeld results
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of parapsychology. ; 20:1, s. 50-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to maximise the possibility of finding a psi effect it is important to be able to select the participants most likely to succeed in psi experiments. Psi Ganzfeld studies usually compare successful participants with unsuccessful ones when exploring psi conducive variables and usually employ a design that results in a 25% chance scoring rate. Due to the 25% chance scoring rate, for an overall significant experimental series, the group of successful sessions might be a mix-ture of chance hits and psi hits. This confounds any conclusions made from the results of studies exploring psi conducive variables. Because of the problem, the present study used a Ganzfeld set-up with double trials so that three out-comes were possible, success in one or two trials, or misses in both trials. The mean chance expectation for succeeding in two trials was reduced to 6.25%. Ear-lier studies have suggested that extraversion, schizotypy, meditation habits, and paranormal beliefs and experiences are participant variables that serve as pre-dictors of Ganzfeld success. Overall, this study found no significant group differ-ences regarding these variables. However, a serious problem with this study was that the overall Ganzfeld result was at chance level and that the two hits out-come group was extremely small.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Person-centered psychosis care (PCPC) in an inpatient setting: Patient outcomes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. 44 (suppl 1), S426. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The person-centered care approach has been little tested in inpatient settings for persons with schizophrenia and similar psychoses. We developed a staff educational intervention, Person-Centered Psychosis Care (PCPC) tailored to our care setting (4 hospital wards for persons with psychoses, 43 beds). The intervention was co-created by professionals, patients, and researchers using a participatory approach. There was a focus on the patient’s narrative, the creation of partnership between staff and patient, an agreement between staff and patient concerning care, and a bridging of inpatient and outpatient care and support. The present study aims to describe patient outcomes associated with PCPC. Methods The study had a before and after design. Before the PCPC intervention started, questionnaire data was collected from 50 inpatients shortly before discharge. Post intervention data are currently under collection (anticipated n=50). The primary outcome measure is self-reported empowerment (Empowerment Scale, Range 0–112) and the secondary measure is consumer satisfaction (UKU-ConSat Rating Scale, converted to range between 11 and 77). Participants also complete questionnaires related to possible confounding variables such as overall health (EQ-5D), symptom burden (PANSS), and functional ability (GAF). Results The participants (46% women) included in the pre-intervention sample had a mean age of 47.5 years (SD=14.5). The total mean empowerment score for the pre-intervention sample was 82.6 (SD=8.1) whereas the mean consumer satisfaction score was 51.5 (SD=12.9). There were no statistically significant gender differences regarding empowerment or consumer satisfaction. There were no significant correlations between age, any of the confounding variables, and empowerment and consumer satisfaction. We will present results from comparisons between the pre- and post-intervention groups regarding empowerment and consumer satisfaction. Discussion The before and after design has its limitations, but if the PCPC intervention proves beneficial, such a model could be tested with a cluster randomized study design.
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| 24. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Person Centred Psychosis Care (PCPC) in an Inpatient Setting: The Implementation Process and Staff Experiences.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Npj Schizophrenia. - 2334-265X.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Persons with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders might benefit from increased involvement in the care process. To this end, integrated care models have been successfully implemented in outpatient settings. We wanted to develop an inpatient care model inspired by integrated care. Further, we wanted to include central components of person-centred care (asdefined by the Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care) including a focus on the patient's narrative, the creation of partnership between staff and patient, and an agreement between staff and patientconcerning the care. The present research project, Person Centred Psychosis Care (PCPC), aims to develop, implement, and evaluate an inpatient care approach that utilizes aspects of integrated care as well as person-centred care. In the present study we will describe the PCPC staff educational intervention, the implementation process that followed, and staff experiences of the intervention and implementation. Methods: Emplyoing a participatory design, the PCPC staff educational intervention involved one third (n=40) of the staff working at four wards at a clinic providing inpatient care for persons with schizophrenia-spectrum disporders. Facilitators with previous experience in the implementation of person-centred care in somatic settings served as coaches. During six full day workshop, staff learned to apply theoretical concepts of both integrated care and person-centred care to their everyday ward situation and worked in groups to develop ward-level projects with the aim of stimulating patient involvement. Service users took part in the educational intervention. Staff who participated in the educational intervention transferred their new approaches to care tasks. This means that all ward staff became involved in the implementation process. Results A purposeful sample of staff memebers (both with and without course participation, n=20) were asked to praticipate in focus group interviews to relate their experiences of the PCPC staff educational intervention, the transfer to those staff memebers who did not take the course, and of recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed. Results regarding the implementation process will be presented, with a focus on barriers and facilitators to change. Discussion: Findings from the focus group interviews will shed light on staff members' experiences of the education intervention, as well as the experiences of staff memebers who participated in transfer activities but not in the course itself. It is our expectation that the participatory design will facilitate long lasting behaviour change in staff, resulting in patients feeling more involved in their care. Future studies will report on patient outcomes (empowerment and care satisfaction) as well as ward level outcomes. If the PCPC-intervention shows positive outcomes for patients and staff, it might be a model that other psychiatric care providers can use to enhance patient involvemebt and satisfaction with care.
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| 25. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Personer med komplicerade vård- och omsorgsbehov på grund av psykiska funktionshinder. Svårigheter och lösningar gällande vård- och omsorgsinsatser.
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektets syften var att skapa en bild av hur personer med komplicerade vård- och omsorgsbehov på grund av psykisk sjukdom tas omhand, att beskriva svårigheter som finns med att tillgodose de behov av vård och stöd som dessa personer har, att beskriva exempel på bra sätt att möta personernas behov, samt att om möjligt få en bild av hur många personer som ingår i gruppen. Data samlades in från personer som arbetar med att ge vård och omsorg till målgruppen och från personer ur målgruppen och deras anhöriga. Data samlades in genom enkätutskick, idéseminarium, intervjuer, studiebesök och en kartläggning av två speciella enheter för målgruppen. För många personer ur målgruppen verkar den vård och omsorg som ges präglas av brist på resurser, brist på samverkan mellan huvudmän, brist på kontinuitet och på långsiktighet. Ett av de största problem som detta medför är otrygghet gällande målgruppens boendesituation. Detta framkommer också som det största problemet för de verksamheter som ska tillhandahålla vård- och omsorgsinsatser för gruppen. När man trots svårigheter lyckas få till stånd välfungerande vård- och omsorgsinsatser präglas dessa lösningar av att vara unika och varierande från individ till individ. En anledning till svårigheten att hitta generellt goda lösningar för målgruppen är att målgruppen är mycket heterogen. Goda lösningar måste därför utgå från var och en individs förutsättningar. Det betyder inte att man inte kan göra generella förändringar som kan gynna gruppen. Tvärtom, att tillse att det finns tillräckliga resurser, samverkan mellan huvudmän och långsiktigt tänkande kring insatser utgör förutsättningar för att individuella lösningar ska kunna komma till stånd.
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| 26. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Schizotypy and mental health in the general population: A pilot study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Personality and Mental Health. ; 3, s. 193-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An understanding of schizotypy and its relation to mental health has several important implications for the prevention, treatment and understanding of psychosis-spectrum disorders. Previous studies have shown the possibility that schizotypy is associated to mental health as well as psychopathology. This pilot study investigated the relation between schizotypy and mental health in a random sample from the general Swedish population (n = 91). A simultaneous multiple regression analysis with schizotypy factors as predictors of mental health showed that disorganized and positive schizotypy were signifi cant predictors of mental health. Both factors had a linear negative relation to mental health, but positive schizotypy also had a curvilinear relation so that both high and low levels of positive schizotypy were associated with mental health. Cluster analyses indicated the presence of four schizotypy profi le groups characterized by high positive schizotypy, high negative schizotypy, high disorganized schizotypy and low schizotypy respectively. The low schizotypy group had signifi cantly better mental health compared to the disorganized schizotypy group. The disorganized schizotypy factor was the only factor clearly associated with mental ill health. These results indicate the presence of schizotypal traits in the general population and also questions schizotypy models that view schizotypal traits as necessarily associated with psychopathology.
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| 27. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Schizotypy and mental health in the normal population: A pilot study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Abstracts of the 13th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences (ISSID), Giessen Germany, July 22-27, 2007.Redaktörer: Jürgen Hennig, Martin Reuter, Christian Montag & Petra Netter.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of the present study were to investigate the relation between positive, negative, and disorganised schizotypy factors and mental health and to provide a test of a quasi-dimensional and a fully dimensional model for schizotypy. Methods: Questionnaire data were collected in a random sample from the normal Swedish population (N=94). A simultaneous multiple regression analysis with the schizotypy factors (measured by the short-form Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences; Mason et al., 2005) as predictors of mental health (measured by the SF-36; Sullivan et al., 2002) was performed. Cluster analyses were performed to investigate schizotypy profiles, together with an analysis of variance to examine differences regarding mental health for different schizotypy profile groups. Results: The regression model showed that disorganised and positive schizotypy were significant predictors of mental health, the model explained 38.6 % of the variance. The cluster analyses resulted in three schizotypy profile groups; a positive schizotypy group, a low schizotypy group, and a combined negative and disorganised schizotypy group. The low schizotypy group had significantly better mental health compared to the other two groups. Conclusions: The schizotypy factors seemed to have more complex relations to mental health than first thought. The positive schizotypy factor had a U-shaped curvilinear relation with mental health; for the lower range of values on positive schizotypy, mental health decreased as positive schizotypy increased, whereas for the higher range of values mental health instead increased as positive schizotypy increased. The disorganised factor was the only factor that clearly predicted mental ill-health. These results support a fully dimensional model for schizotypy but also indicate that further development of this model is necessary.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966
(författare)
-
Schizotypy models in relation to subjective health and paranormal beliefs and experiences.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869. ; 37:1, s. 157-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of this study was to further the understanding of schizotypy by investigating which of two schizotypy models best describes the construct. The quasi-dimensional model views schizotypy as related to psychological ill-health, whereas the fully dimensional model views schizotypy as fundamentally neutral. A schizotypy measure, the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE; Mason, Claridge, & Jackson, 1995), a health-related measure, the Sense of Coherence (SOC; Antonovsky, 1991) Scale, and a measure of paranormal beliefs and experiences, the Australian Shee-Goat Scale (ASGS; Thalbourne & Delin, 1993) were used. The study cluster analysed 88 undergraduate psychology students' responses on three of the O-LIFE dimensions: "unusual experiences" (UE), "cognitive disorganisation" (CD), and "introvertive anhedonia" (IA) ( Mason et al., 1995). An agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of the O-LIFE sub-scales suggested three separate clusters. These were labelled CD/IA, UE, and LS. One-way ANOVA:s revealed that the CD/IA cluster scored lower on the SOC scale than the other clusters and that the UE cluster scored higher than the LS cluster on the ASGS. The results of this study support the notion of healthy schizotypy and support the fully dimensional model of schizotypy over the quasi-dimensional model.
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| 30. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Study protocol design and evaluation of a hospital-based multi-professional educational intervention: Person-Centred Psychosis Care (PCPC)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 18:269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: While patient involvement in mental health care is repeatedly stressed in policy documents, there are actually few studies that evaluate person-centred care interventions within psychiatric services. We present here the design and planned evaluation of an educational intervention for inpatient staff involved in the care of persons with schizophrenia and similar psychoses. Methods/design: The care intervention will be assessed using a non-randomised trial with a before and after approach. The intervention involves an educational and experimental learning phase for hospital staff, followed by an implementation phase. The intervention is multi-professional; psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychiatric carers, social workers, occupational therapists, and a medical secretary will be engaged in a participatory approach where they practice how to create a partnership and explore recovery-related goals together with patients. Patient-related outcomes include empowerment and satisfaction with care. Ward-level outcomes include daily ward burden, length of inpatient stay, and number of days with involuntary care. In addition, qualitative methods will be applied to capture patient, next-of-kin, and staff perspectives. Discussion: The care intervention is expected to contribute to the improvement of inpatient care for persons with severe and complex mental health issues. Trial registration: The trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov June 9, 2017, identifier: NCT03182283.
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| 31. |
- Goulding, Anneli, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
The First Digital Autoganzfeld Study Using a Real-Time Judging Procedure
- 2004
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Parapsychology. - 0168-7263. ; 19, s. 66-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new technique for digital autoganzfeld is used, in which the receiver’s mentation report is captured and automatically stored to a digital audio file to make possible a playback of the film clips (picture and film sound) and the mentation (sound) exactly synchronously. This also makes it possible to superimpose the mentation report on the three control (decoy) film clips. This feature might facilitate the evaluation of a trial and render better insights into the study of psi. Another advantage with the new digital system is that it is possible to allow two target film clips to be used rather than one, which is a more time and cost efficient way of collecting data. In order to evaluate how well the newly developed digital autoganzfeld system works, it was used in 128 trials in which 64 pairs of receivers and senders took part. It was hypothesised that the digital ganzfeld result would statistically significantly exceed the mean chance expectation (25%) as measured by direct hits, the sessions being evaluated by an external judge. The result was a direct hit rate of 23% (p=.386, binomial one-tailed test), which was close to chance expectation. In half the trials, the receivers also evaluated their sessions, which resulted in a direct hit rate of 14% (p=.050, binomial two-tailed test). Exploratory analyses yielded results that might explain the failure to give a significant psi-hitting result.
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| 32. |
- Gustafsson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Boendeformer och boendeinsatser för personer med psykiska funktionshinder. Systematisk kartläggning av publikationer 1980–2007.
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med studien har varit att kartlägga publikationer som rapporterar om studier om boendeformer och boendeinsatser för personer med psykisk stör-ning eller psykiskt funktionshinder. Publikationer som kan ligga till grund för bedömning av evidens har identifierats. Även områden där studier sak-nas har identifierats. Sökningar i relevanta databaser resulterade i 13 999 publikationer. Publikationernas titlar och sammanfattningar granskades en-ligt fastställda inklusions- och exklusionskriterier. 645 publikationer inklu-derades i kartläggningen och dessa granskades i fulltext. 585 kategorisera-des utifrån fastställda kriterier. Studier från USA (n=287) och Europa (n=255) dominerar i kartläggning-en. Bland de europeriska länderna har Storbritannien genomfört flest studier (n=131). De vanligaste boendeformer och boendeinsatser som studerats är boende-former där personer ur målgruppen bor tillsammans och boendeinsatser som innebär att personal finns tillgänglig på boendet. De flesta publikationerna rör personer med psykossjukdom. Endast ett fåtal publikationer inkluderar personer med autismspektrumstörningar, peronlighetsstörning eller sam-sjuklighet med beroende/missbruk av alkohol eller narkotika. En majoritet av publikationerna fokuserar på studier där resultatet av insatsen (boende-former och boendeinsatser) för klienter och brukare redovisades. Färre pub-likationer behandlar områden som berör de strukturella förutsättningarna för boendeformer och boendeinsatser och processer i samband med genomfö-rande av dessa insatser. För att kunna beskriva vad som hos en specifik bo-endeform eller boendeinsats gör att den fungerar bättre än andra behövs även studier som tydligt fokuserar på struktur, process och resultat. Det be-hövs tydliga redovisningar av de yttre förutsättningarna, vilka aktiviteter som genomförts samt vad resultatet blev för brukaren. Få publikationer var av typen randomiserade kontrollerade studier, RCT, (n=19). Denna kartläggning tyder på att man i Sverige endast har utfört de-skriptiva studier och gruppjämförelser utan förmätning. Mer än hälften av studierna i kartläggningen är kodade som deskriptiva. Här finns en möjlig-het att sammanställa resultaten i en kvalitativ metastudie som avser att ex-empelvis undersöka brukarens värderingar och erfarenheter av boendefor-mer och boendestöd . De bäst lämpade studierna för systematiska översikter, där effekterna av en insats utvärderas, är RCT-studier. Övervägande andelen av de RCT-studier som inkluderades i denna kartläggning rörde boendein-satser för hemlösa personer med psykiska funktionshinder. Det är möjligt att en systematisk översikt går att utföra med dessa studier som underlag. För att få kunskap om vilka boendeformer eller boendeinsatser som ger bättre resultat än andra behövs primärforskning där man använder experi-mentella utvärderingsdesigner. Insatser i form av stöd i boendet är mycket omfattande inom det sociala stödsystemet och denna kartläggning visar att området inte är tillräckligt utvärderat.
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| 33. |
- Ingevaldson, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of intimate relationships in young men who sexually offended during adolescence: interviews 10 years later
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sexual Aggression. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1355-2600 .- 1742-6545. ; 22:3, s. 410-422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimate relationships and sexuality are important, but often complicated, aspects of life. In this study we examined experiences of intimate relationships and sexuality in 20 young men, aged 22–31 years, who had sexually offended during adolescence. The participants were interviewed and the transcripts were thematically analysed. The main picture observed was that of young men with unfulfilled needs and a low capacity to meet those needs. Additionally, the men’s experiences of intimate relationships and sexuality seemed to be affected by their experience of having sexually offended. Some men longed for closeness with a partner but were afraid of getting too close. Others distanced themselves from relationships, claiming that they did not need others. These findings may demonstrate the men’s self-protective strategies for handling their identification as sexual offenders. These 20 men could also have been struggling with universal questions about closeness and sexuality while bearing other burdens, such as mistrust in others and feelings of shame, that interfered with this struggle.
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| 34. |
- Ingevaldson, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of sexuality in a group of young men who sexually offended in their teens
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Criminal policies in sexual violence: from research to legislation and treatment. 13th conference of the International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders (IATSO). - 0945-2540.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sexuality is an important part in our lives. Probably, sexuality is more complicated for someone who has committed a sexual offence. Nevertheless, sexuality is present and something which the individual must relate to. In an ongoing study sexual experiences and psychosexual health in 18 young men, who in their teens committed sexual offences (22-30 years), were explored. Each participant was interviewed using a semi-structured interview, including questions about sexuality, and answered the Clinical Assessment of Psychosexual health (CAPS) questionnaire. CAPS measures aspects of psychosexual health that include relational skills, psychological/psychiatric and somatic symptoms. In the interviews the men emphasized proximity, love and lust as important in sexual relationships. Some however, downplayed the importance of sex and sexual relationships. Those who did had limited experiences of mutual loving relationships and/or were uncomfortable talking about sexuality. The pattern of emphasis on proximity in sexual relationships was confirmed by the results from CAPS. Some of these men however, told about a lonely life in which they were constantly seeking proximity but they had time and again been rejected. Clinical implications will be discussed.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ingevaldson, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-Views in Twenty Young Men Who Were Identified as Sexual Offenders in Adolescence: A Mixed-Method Study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Sexual Offender Treatment. - 1862-2941. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: A positive view of oneself is important for most people, whereas a negative view can have serious consequences. For those who have committed acts that hurt their view of themselves it might be difficult to develop a positive self-view. Here, self-views in 20 men identified as adolescent sexual offenders were explored in a mixed methods study using interviews and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Methods: The interviews were coded by content analysis to find all utterances reflecting participants' views of themselves. These utterances were then grouped to indicate either positive or negative self-views; each group included seven sub-categories. Total scores for the RSES, and for its two sub-scales self-competence (assessment of qualities), and self-liking (personal value based on self-understanding and acceptance) were calculated. Results: Results showed that 19 participants rated themselves within or above the normative range and generally rated their self-competence higher than their self-liking. The men seemed to rate their self-esteem based on who they hoped they were now, but contradictory views of themselves arose in the interviews. Conclusions: The findings from this study support the idea that using both a questionnaire and an interview provide more information than any of these approaches on their own. For this reason we suggest that self-ratings need to be complemented by interviews, especially in clinical groups. Also, clinicians need to be aware of the discrepancy between self-rated capability and narrated self-worth when treating those who have been identified as sexual offenders.
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| 37. |
- Parker, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
-
Recording the Action As It Happens: The Digital Real-time Ganzfeld
- 2001
-
Ingår i: 25th International Conference of the Society for Psychical Research: Abstracts of presented papers. ; , s. 19-20
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there are clearly differing opinions as to how far the ganzfeld fulfils the requirements of being a replicable psi-experiment, there seems to be a general agreement about the need for high quality research using the standard ganzfeld technique with such controls as to make non-psi-explanations unreasonable, but with design that can also take us further in terms of theory development and testing. A further requirement is for such a technique is that it be inexpensive and readily exportable. The paper describes the outcome of nearly two years work in producing an automated digital version of the ganzfeld which not only fulfils these requirements, but has some additional surprise merits. The paper also reports on the results of some initial testing. The digital ganzfeld as developed in Gothenburg uses a computerised generation of targets in order to randomly allocate the target set from a digitised library of 30 film sets and then selecting the individual target film-clip for sending from the 4 in the set. A series of explicit instructions guide the sender and receiver through the various stages of the experiment with all the outcome at critical decisions points being recorded on the computer. The use of a computer management of the procedure, together with a security lamp activated by the door of the sender room, means that the staffing can be reduced the one experimenter who accompanies and stays with the receiver during the ganzfeld period and judging period. A distinctive feature of digitised ganzfeld as used in Gothenburg, is that the mentation report of the imagery produced from the receiver in the ganzfeld state, is automatically regenerated in real-time with that of the target film being viewed and is likewise regenerated with the viewing of the control film-clips. This means that the judging procedure can be facilitated by potential real time correspondences occurring between the psi-derived imagery of the receiver and that of the imagery in the target film-clip. Use of this information should enable the target film to be relatively easily identified from the others in the set. A copy of the sound cards for these film-clips and mentation reports is automatically made available for external judging by being recorded as a server file accessible via ftp with a login-name and code to the restricted domain. Retrieval of these sound files enables the set of film clips with the accompanying sound recordings to be regenerated for external judging. Another important feature of the new procedure as used here, is that an improved power or sensitivity in the testing situation is achieved by having two 14 minute sending periods (with a short pause in the interval). Two sets of film clips are selected from which the target films are chosen for each of these periods. Since the two trials per session are therefore statistically independent of each other, this means that each participant can in a single testing session with two direct hits achieve an impressive scoring level (p = 1/16). In practice this means that the baseline for chance scores becomes 6.25% instead of 25%, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the whole procedure. The dual session set-up also means that a control period can be randomly assigned to one of the two sending periods. The digitised film library consists of clips selected according to the agreed upon criteria that they should contain sequences assessed as meaningful, as both visually and emotionally engaging, and as containing a potential psi-marker in terms of an apparently unexpected or unpredictable event. These films were placed into sets on the basis of maximum disparity in their content in order to facilitate the judging procedure. The Target Evaluation Scale is being developed to study how the aspects of the film content may relate to psi-performance. The judging procedure can be carried by the receiver and /or by an external judge(s). In the case of the receiver making judgements, this can take place in the sender room following the sender's prior departure, or preferably in the receiver room where a second computer displays the target with its real time recording and the decoy controls. This computer screen is pulled forward on a retractable trolley arrangement which enables the receiver to stay in the reclining chair where the ganzfeld imagery had been produced and view the films from that position. This has a psychological gain of reducing the return to a full waking state and thereby facilitating the use of state specific memories ñ that is images that might be lost to the waking state. Judging is carried out by selecting two films to be compared with the mentation report for real time (and possible time displaced) correspondences in imagery. Sound levels of the film and mentation report can be adjusted during this and movement through the film record can be accelerated according to the need of the judge. Another new and important aspect of this procedure here, is the use of bookmarks to record the verbal descriptions of the film along with the still pictures which actually correspond in content and time. A real-time window can be set for this purpose at specified time margins (for instance at ±20 seconds). Lists of these bookmarks can potentially be made for all the four candidates for being the target film. Codes can be used to identify what are considered to be the more remarkable correspondences. This use of bookmarks can thus become a systematic method for working with the qualitative aspects of the mentation. With respect to the presence of high quality psi-mediated real-time correspondences between ganzfeld imagery and film content, one of our predictions is that these correspondences should be occur much more often with the target clips than with the control clips. A complete record of the blind judging of these enables us to evaluate this hypothesis. Various psychological measures can be, and are being, accommodated in to this methodology: personality assessment prior to testing, state of consciousness reports and confidence of success ratings given before and after testing, and physiological monitoring during testing to identify correlates of high quality psi-imagery. To date, a small pilot study has been carried and we will report on the results of this and our ongoing study.
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| 38. |
- Strand, Jennifer, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Attachment styles and symptoms in individuals with psychosis
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 69:1, s. 67-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The capacity to manage affects is rooted in early interactions with caregivers, which in adulthood are internalized as different attachment styles. Few studies have explored associations between all four attachment styles and symptoms. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the relations between the four attachment styles and psychological distress in a group of people with psychosis. Method: In a cross-sectional study, associations between self-reported attachment style and symptoms in a psychosis group were explored. Attachment styles were measured with the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) and symptoms were assessed with the revised version of the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90R) Results: The analyses showed a significant positive association between preoccupied attachment and the severity of symptoms. Furthermore, the analyses indicated significant positive associations between preoccupied attachment and the subscales measuring depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoia and psychoticism. We also found significant positive associations between fearful attachment and both interpersonal sensitivity and psychoticism. Conclusion: The associations between attachment styles and symptoms found here are consistent with those of previous studies. It could be important for clinicians to identify patients' attachment styles. Such knowledge would help mental health professionals to understand better the patients' capacity to handle distress and help professionals to address interventions aiming to target each patient's specific needs.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Tidefors, Inga, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
A Swedish sample of 45 adolescent males who have sexually offended: Background, individual characteristics, and offending behavior
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 63:4, s. 18-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes the background, individual characteristics, and offending behavior of 45 adolescent males who have sexually offended. This group was also compared to adolescents from the general population. The data sources were intake assessment information and questionnaires. Family problems and neglect were common. Having separated parents and growing up in large families or foster-homes discriminated the group from the general population of Swedish adolescent males. The group scored higher than norm data regarding anger, depression, and disruptive behavior. They showed a wish to present themselves in a positive way and they were less open concerning sexuality than a comparison group. There were overall few significant differences between the target group and the comparison groups. Future studies need to explore offender sub-groups; specifically how and why problematic backgrounds affect children differently.
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| 41. |
- Tidefors, Inga, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Narratives about consensual and non-consensual sexuality told by male adolescents who have sexually offended
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 32nd Annual meeting and conference of the nordic association for clinical sexology, birth death sexuality.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies focus on what adolescents who have sexually offended, themselves say about sexuality. Interview-transcripts from forty-five adolescent males who had sexually offended were analyzed by a thematic analysis. The narratives were interpreted from a perspective of attachment and coping. Sexual memories from childhood concerned unclear limits and experiences of sexual abuse. During adolescence, there was a lack of pleasant sexual memories, knowledge, and discussion-partners. Sexuality was mainly described as unimportant. There is a need for more knowledge about the role of sexuality in sexual offences and how to make ways for allowed sexuality to be strengthened.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Tidefors, Inga, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Recidivism in criminal behavior-A 10-year follow-up study of 45 adolescent boys identified as sex offenders
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 71:2, s. 93-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we investigated the recidivism rate in a group of 45 men who committed their first sexual offence when they were adolescents. When committing the initial sexual offences during 2002-2005, the participants had a mean age of 16.2 years. We used data from the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention about criminal offences committed during a 10-year follow-up period. The recidivism rate was 64.4%. No participant had committed sexual or physical offences (i.e., violence against others) exclusively but 15.5% had reoffended in both sexual offences and other types of criminal offences. The group that had committed new criminal offences had to a higher degree experienced parental separation, had an immigrant background, a higher degree of truancy, a higher degree of alcohol or drug abuse, and had at an early age been involved in other criminal offences than sexual ones. Problems such as truancy, alcohol and drug abuse are signals visible outside the family-system, and the need for early interventions seems obvious.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Westerlund, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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REMARKABLE CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN GANZFELD MENTATION AND TARGET CONTENT - PSI OR A COGNITIVE ILLUSION?
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Parapsychological Association 42nd Convention: Proceedings of presented papers. ; , s. 270-277
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remarkable correspondences between Ganzfeld mentation and target content have been reported since the early start of Ganzfeld experiments in parapsychology. These correspondences may be due to some anomalous information transfer (e.g., telepathy) or they may be due to a cognitive illusion on the part of the person who perceives them as remarkable. The present paper presents two studies conducted in order to investigate which of these two possibilities is the more probable. Both studies were based on data collected during the first formal experiment run with a new technique called Digital Ganzfeld (Goulding, Westerlund, Parker & Wackermann, 2001). In this experiment the receiver’s mentation was stored as a digital audio file that was synchronized with the target videoclip (as well as with the three decoy clips, as all clips were of exactly the same length). An external judge (JW) then played the mentation file together with the different clips in the set that was used and ranked the different clips according to similarities with the mentation. The main result was close to chance with a direct hit rate of 23% (Goulding, Westerlund, Parker & Wackermann, 2004). However, at the same time as the judge did this judging, he also tried to discern any correspondences between the mentation and any of the four clips (before knowing which one was the target) that appeared to him to be very remarkable (presented as Study 1 in this paper). A total of 20 remarkable correspondences were collected. Of these, only 6 (30%) were correspondences between the mentation and the target whereas the remaining 14 (70%) were correspondences between the mentation and decoys. This result is not significantly different from chance expectation. It was argued that this result gives some support to the cognitive illusion hypothesis, but that the study was lacking in statistical power. In order to gain stronger statistical power, a group of 11 students rated each of the 20 correspondences on scales ranging from 0-100 (presented as Study 2 in the present paper). The students did not rate the correspondences that were hits (i.e., correspondences with the target) as significantly more impressive than the correspondences that were misses (i.e., correspondences with one of the decoys). This result speaks against the psi-hypothesis, but the results should be interpreted with some caution since the students could not be said to have been 100% blind. Taken together, the results of the two studies presented here help us be more conservative about concluding that remarkable correspondences between receiver mentation and target content are due to psi when they may be due to cognitive illusions (or subjective validation).
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| 46. |
- Ödéhn, Nils, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Schizotypy and mental health in women and men from the general population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 70:3, s. 198-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizotypy is a construct that has been connected both to psychosis disorders and to variation in general behavior. There is a dispute whether schizotypy should be viewed as something connected to mental ill-health, or can be viewed as personality traits not automatically connected to mental ill-health. Therefore, the present study investigated the relations between schizotypy factors and mental health in a randomized sample from the general population (n=764, 58% women). A simultaneous multiple regression analysis of the total sample showed that negative and disorganized schizotypy predicted mental health, whereas positive schizotypy and impulsive nonconformity did not. Higher levels of negative and disorganized schizotypy were associated with worse mental health. Separate regression analyses for women and men showed that the pattern for women was the same as for the total sample, whereas only disorganized schizotypy predicted mental health (negative relation) for men. The main gender difference was that the regression model for women explained a larger amount of variance than that for men. The fact that positive schizotypy did not predict worse mental health supports the notion of “healthy” schizotypy.
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