| 1. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Experience Design : Understanding the Role of Technology for Virtual Experiences
- 2005
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Ingår i: WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: New technologies have always teased the imagination of avant-garde artists on how to challenge existing cultural paradigms. For instance, experience design for the creative industries of today provides exciting challenges with a potential to innovate practices and creating new ways of interaction between the artist and her audience. In an ongoing research project we aim at framing the design space for virtual experiences. The paper presents and discusses the role of technology in such context and use three ongoing case studies where ICT has been used to augment and support consumers of cultural experiences. The analysis shows how technology-driven interventions are less oriented towards radical change compared to interventions that are rooted in their nondigital origins. 1.
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| 2. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Experience Design : Understanding the Role of Technology for Virtual Experiences
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 29th Information System Research Seminar in Scandinavia, IRIS 29.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New technologies have always teased the imagination of avant-garde artists on how to challenge existing cultural paradigms. For instance, experience design for the creative industries of today provides exciting challenges with a potential to innovate practices and creating new ways of interaction between the artist and her audience. In an ongoing research project we aim at framing the design space for virtual experiences. The paper presents and discusses the role of technology in such context and use three ongoing case studies where ICT has been used to augment and support consumers of cultural experiences. The analysis shows how technology-driven interventions are less oriented towards radical change compared to interventions that are rooted in their nondigital origins.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Different Measures of Economic Growth Lead to Different Conclusions?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2010. Innovation and Multidimensional Entrepreneurship - Economic, Social and Academic Aspects : Revised papers. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789163377471 ; , s. 57-70
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When regional growth studies are conducted, a common measure of economic growth is the wage sum. One reason for this may be the limited access to GDP (Gross Domestic Product) data on regional level. However, in Sweden there exists GDP data on municipal level, which enables studies where the effects of using GDP data or wage data can be compared. The aim of the present study is to investigate the difference the use of the measures GMP (Gross Municipal Product) and the sum of wages has on growth models. Since the two measures are similar but not identical the choice of measure of growth can influence the conclusions of an investigation. This might lead to contradictory results on for instance how knowledge activities influence economic growth. Therefore an empirical investigation on Swedish data is conducted in order test whether or not the use of GMP and wage sum respectively in a regional economic growth model give rise to different results. GMP and wage sum data on municipality level are used to calculate two output measures; percentage change and percentage change per employee in two different time periods. Local, intra-regional and inter-regional accessibility to R&D are the main explanatory variables used in the model. The results indicate that the models using any version of change in wage sum as dependent variable has more statistically significant parameters than the corresponding model using change in GMP.
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| 5. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Do different measures of economic growth lead to different conclusions?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship, social capital and governance. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781781002834 - 9781781002841 ; , s. 263-280
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth and regional growth are regularly concepts of current interest. Studies of regional growth have been conducted by numerous scholars but the way that the growth concept is defined and the way it is measured varies a great deal. Lack of proper regional data may be a reason why this discrepancy occurs. Economic growth is closely related to the industrial structure, health, and demography and income distribution of the economy. The measure used for national economic growth is the change in gross domestic product (GDP). GDP measures the value added of all goods and services produced in the economy. The production of goods and services generates primary incomes for households; another method of measuring GDP is therefore to add up all incomes. One part of this income consists of the sum of all wages paid to households. Hence wage sum data are sometimes used as an alternative measure of economic growth. There are different ways to use GDP and wage sum data to measure economic growth at the regional level. In Sweden, the gross regional product (GRP) change is used by Statistics Sweden and Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth. The Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis (Growth Analysis) on the other hand uses changes in labor productivity as a measure of economic growth in regions. Growth analysis then uses wage sum per employee or wage sum per capita as an estimator of labor productivity.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Employment and Economic Activity in Different Swedish Border Regions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2015. Regional Development in an International Context. Regional, National, Cross Border and International Factors for Growth and Development. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789187531170 ; , s. 45-57
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigate how the effect of cross border activities between Sweden and its three Nordic neighbours influence the Swedish local economies along the border using municipal data from 2009. Two measures for the local economies are examined, economic activity (measured by gross pay per inhabitant) and employment rates. The Swedish border regions where divided into four regions: The Swedish border to Finland, The Swedish border to the part of Norway not included in the Oslo labour market, The Swedish border to the Oslo labour market, and the Swedish-Danish border region. The regression models show how the the regions compare to the Swedish average when controlled for market structure and accessibility to population. For Sweden's border regions to Denmark and the Oslo labour market there are significant improvements in both economic activity and employment rates when the border activity is included. The improvement is highest for the Oslo border regions. For the Swedish border to Finland and to the part of Norway not included inte the Olso labour market the border activity has no significant influence on either economic activity or employment rates.
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| 8. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Indicators of Economic Development : An Exploratory Study Using Swedish Municipal Data Contrasting Economic Development and Growth
- 2016
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2016: Geography, Open Innovation,Diversity and Entrepreneurship. Revised papers presented at the 19th Uddevalla Symposium, 30 June- 2 July, 2016, London, UK. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789187531392 ; , s. 111-123
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores different definitions of Economic Development and possible measures for Economic Development and how they relate to measures commonly used for studying Economic Growth. The data is from 2013 and 2014 and are found in official Swedish data repositories and include variables such as gross pay per inhabitant, citizen satisfaction with the municipal, Gini-coefficient for Swedish municipals. Our main conclusions are that indicators for Economic Growth and Economic Development in some cases move in opposite directions and hence that driving growth might diminish parts of the development.
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| 9. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Indicators of economic development : an exploratory study using Swedish municipal data contrasting economic development and growth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geography, Open Innovation and Entrepreneurship. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781786439895 - 978 1 78347 732 6 ; , s. 359-376
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores possible measures of economic development and how they relate to measures commonly used for studying economic growth. Since potential factors for measuring economic development typically differ greatly over large geographical areas, we will study the indicators on a municipality level to avoid large geographical units of analysis. The data is from 2013 and 2014 and is found in official Swedish data repositories, and include variables such as gross pay per employee, citizen satisfaction with the municipality and Gini-coefficient for Swedish municipals. The results indicate that trying to find one overall measure for economic development is not feasible. Our main conclusions are that indicators for economic growth and economic development in some cases move in opposite directions. There is a need for more direct and harmonized, national and international data to further drive the research in the field of economic development.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Productivity and Cross border Accessibility to Human Capital : A Study Comparing Norwegian and Swedish Border Regions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2014. Geography of Growth. The Frequency, Nature and Consequences of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Regions of Varying Density. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789187531026 ; , s. 69-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While border regions are peripheral areas on a national scale, they gain a more central position in the actual border region, due to their location at the interface of domestic and foreign markets. It is a specific location advantage for firms located in border regions that they are close to foreign labour markets making it easier to employ workers from abroad. An increased labour mobility results in a pooling of workers from both sides of the border. With few border impediments, the labour markets located on the two sides of the border might melt into a common labour market, allowing a more efficient allocation of labour. The aim of this study is to examine to what extent economic productivity (gross pay) in the border regions between Sweden and Norway is affected by accessibility to highly educated labour. The southern border between Norway and Sweden is interesting to study since, on the Norwegian side of the border, the local labor market region Sør-Østfold is a neighboring region to the Oslo region, while on the Swedish side of the border, the regions are more considered to be rural areas. As main result we show that the parts of productivity generated by the cross-border workforce is shown to be driven by the accessibility of cross-border human capital both for municipals with an influx of foreign workforce and for the municipals with an outflow of workforce to a foreign country.
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| 12. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Tentative Indices for Regional Economic Development : An Exploratory Study Using Swedish Municipal Data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2018: Diversity, Innovation, Entrepreneurship – Regional, Urban, National and International Perspectives. - Trollhättan : University West West. - 9789188847119 ; , s. 47-57
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using variable selections methods this paper examines variables potentially suitable as indicators for different dimensions of economic development. Since potential factors for measuring economic development typically will differ greatly over large geographical areas the study use indicators on municipality level to avoid large geographical units of analysis. The analysis is performed on Swedish municipality data from 2015. An extensive search yielded a number of prospects indicators to use even though the official data gathered in Sweden are not particularly suitable for investigating the softer dimensions of economic development. The results of the study suggest that the indicators of economic development can be categorized into five dimensions/indices that represent "Quality of Living", "Economic Capacity", "Wealth and Stability", "Growing Worries" and "GMP per inhabitant" in the municipality
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| 13. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Tentative indices for regional economic development : an exploratory study using Swedish municipal data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diversity, innovation and clusters. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781789902570 - 9781789902587 ; , s. 44-56
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using variable selections methods this chapter examines variables potentially suitable as indicators for different dimensions of economic development. Since potential factors for measuring economic development typically will differ greatly over large geographical areas, the study uses indicators on municipality level to avoid large geographical units of analysis. The analysis is performed on Swedish municipality data from 2015. An extensive search yielded a number of prospective indicators to use even though the official data gathered in Sweden are not particularly suitable for investigating the softer dimensions of economic development. The results of the study suggest that the indicators of economic development can be categorized into five dimensions/indices that represent: "Quality of Living", "Economic Capacity", "Wealth and Stability", "Growing Worries" and "Gross Municipal Product per inhabitant" in the municipality.
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| 14. |
- Arvemo, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
University Colleges Effect on Municipal Growth in Swedish Middle-sized Municipalities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2008: Spatial Dispersed Production and Network Governance. - Trollhättan : University West. ; , s. 85-98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose in this paper is to study to what extent accessibility to R&D is an important factor of explaining municipal economic growth. Of special interests is the question whether, the effect of company (private) R&D efforts on economic growth differ if a university college is present in the municipality or not. Therefore the empirical analysis is conducted on a reduced dataset (92 out of 290 municipalities), containing only middle-sized municipalities without traditional ´old´ universities. The idea of the selection process was to find two sets of comparable municipalities with one containing municipalities with university colleges and one with municipalities without university colleges. In the empirical analysis a knowledge production function is estimated with the difference in Gross Municipal Product, GMP, between 1993 and 2001 as the output. In order to account for the importance of proximity, the explanatory variables are expressed as accessibilities to university and company R&D. The total accessibility is then decomposed into local, intra-regional and inter-regional accessibility to R&D. The main results show that local and intra-regional accessibility to company R&D has positive effects on economic growth. On the other hand, local accessibility to university R&D is of no importance, while there are influential effects of intra-regional university R&D. Moreover, the presence of university college R&D activities decreases the importance of the local accessibilitiy to company R&D or put it differently, local accessibility to company R&D is more important in municipalitites without university college activities.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bernhard, Iréne, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Degree of Digitalization and Citizen Satisfaction : A Study of the Role of Local e-Government in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of e-Government. - : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 1479-439X. ; 16, s. 59-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate whether there is a relationship between degree of e-government in Swedish municipalities and perceived satisfaction among citizens generally. This is a large-scale quantitative study based on validand reliable Swedish national surveys. Based on these surveys, a new comprehensive index for measuring "degree of digitalization" was constructed. Citizen satisfaction was measured using established indices covering three dimensions:satisfaction with living in the municipality, satisfaction with performance of government activities (delivered services), and satisfaction with transparency and influence. The results show that there is a relationship between the degree of digitalization in a municipality and the perceived satisfaction among its citizens. The degree of digitalization is related to all three dimensions of citizen satisfaction. Additionally, this study indicates that the strength of this relationship is in parity with or even stronger than the relationship between citizen satisfaction and other crucial factors such as educational level and median income
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| 17. |
- Bernhard, Iréne, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 42:1-2, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bernhard, Irène, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Local E-government for Satisfied Citizens : Towards Sustainable Development?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2015. Regional Development in an International Context. Regional, National, Cross Border and International Factors for Growth and Development. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789187531170 ; , s. 141-153
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to study the role of local e-government regarding citizens view of municipality service, information and accessibility to municipality service. The main hypothesis was that municipalities with high degree of pro-activity regarding e-government are municipalities with high degree of satisfied citizens. Satisfaction among citizens was studied by using a national survey which is performed twice ever year. The survey normally includes roughly 130 municipalities out of the 290 municipalities in Sweden. The number of randomly selected individuals per municipality is usually 600 in smaller municipalities and 1200 in larger municipalities. In this study we focus on the following dimensions: Overall satisfaction, Satisfaction with response and accessibility and Satisfaction with influence and confidence.The results implies that e-government and satisfied citizens are correlated. The correlations between the e-variables: e-proactivity, e-strategy, e-information/transparency, e-interaction were all significantly correlated to the satisfaction indices. The correlations were generally of medium strength, i.e. around 0.2-0.4. There were no significant correlations between in real life interactions, strategy for democracy and the satisfaction indices.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ejermo, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Invention, Innovation and Regional Growth in Swedish Regions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2009. The Geography of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. - Trollhättan : Högskolan Väst. - 9789163355714 ; , s. 449-467
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore the link between invention and innovation on the one hand and the level of economic activity and economic growth in Sweden by using patents granted and the quality of patens as our indicators of invention and innovation respectively. Our results indicate that both types of measures are able to explain the level and the changing levelof economic activity equally well. However, an important difference is that the economic activity is affected differently by the two measures. We find that inventions have the strongest marginal effect in regions where economic activity is the highest. Instead, innovations have similar marginal effects across regions with different economic activity. Our interpretation is that quality-adjusted patents sort out "bad" from "good" patents in a manner which reflect economic importance.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Gellerstedt, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Do Municipal Facebook Performance and Citizen Satisfaction go Hand in Hand?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of e-Government. - : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 1479-439X. ; 18:2, s. 30-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the relation between municipalities' social media performance and citizen satisfaction withthe municipality. An observational study was conducted, based on four different Swedish national public data sources. Thestudy shows that municipalities' Facebook performance is correlated to citizens' satisfaction with living in the municipalityand with satisfaction with municipal service provision. There was however no significant relationship between Facebookperformance and satisfaction with transparency and influence from a citizen perspective. In conclusion, one importantimplication of the study is that citizen perception regarding whether a municipality is a good place to live in or not is related to the use of social media for promoting the municipality. Furthermore, a relation between satisfaction and citizenperception of government service performance implies that social media could be valuable for interaction and co-creation.Finally, an implication is that usage of social media and the potential relationship to trust, influence and transparency mustbe further elaborated and studied. Overall, our recommendation is that municipalities and their citizens may benefit fromwell thought-out strategies of how to use social media for marketing, interaction and co-creating.
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| 26. |
- Gellerstedt, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Operationalizing the performance of a tourism network : A case study of Network Limfjorden, Denmark
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 23rd Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research. ; , s. 56-58
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partnership arrangements in order to achieve sustainable economic growth is nowadays a more and more common feature of developing strategies in different sectors of modern society. This is also the case in the tourism sector, where value of tourism for destination development is highlighted. Many of these partnership arrangements are formalized through the concept of the "network". Although there are usually several aims, the declared purpose of collaboration in a network or partnership is almost always to create synergy or added value. The members of the network are realizing that they have a common goal, which cannot be reached if they act individually. Instead, if the members pool their resources and act together the probability to reach the goal increases. Sometimes situations arise when actors take advantage of what others give, but do not themselves contribute equally (network problems arise in the form of "free riders"). This can then create an attitude in the network where members are reluctant to communicate experience and information to other members and then the mutual exchange of experience that is so important for successful networks can be lost. Hence, it is important to acknowledge that a network beside cooperation also may include a competitive dimension.Even if scholars have studied tourism networks in general, methods of how to evaluate tourism networks have been relatively neglected as an area of academic study. In this respect, the objective of the present paper was to study performance of a tourism network. The case of our study is a partnership called Network Limfjorden, which is a cooperation with the aim to develop the tourism around Limfjorden in Denmark. The network was established in 1995 and consists of two regions, eight municipalities and tourist offices around Limfjorden. The tourism activities in the Limfjorden region can be characterized as "slow" activities. In spring 2010 Network Limfjorden, adopted a new action plan "Towards 2015". The action plan states that the Limfjorden continues to be a strong brand. This will be achieved through:Development of coherent useful products and activitiesLaunch projects and develop until they can run on their ownMarketing of products and activities under the common brandA concerted effort to promote network developmentThese goals are conventional for most networks. In order to study if the different network partners are committed to use and express the common branding one can study either what is said or written. We have chosen to study written material and in this case the traditional tourism brochures. Because branding, beyond its own operations, is about describing the common; common values, specific joint projects developed etc. Our study includes five tourism brochures from five municipalities around Limfjorden. We operationalized the study of brochures with the following measures:The portion of sentences with a "network umbrella description". Such a sentence includes for instance a description of an area or an activity outside their own municipal but within the network area Limfjorden.Yes/No whether or not the brochure include: the network logo, the address to the network website, map over the Limfjorden area, common launched network activities (old sail ship regatta, storytelling, etc.)In this way we examined to what extent a network member (municipality) in its own brochure promotes i) their own activities, and ii) other members' activities. The results of the study indicate that it is more common to promote the own specific activity or location even if similar activities can be found also in other municipalities around Limfjorden. Several partners did not include network logo, link to website or common network activities. Consequently, the opportunity to create positive synergy effects among the network partners is not fully exploited. The macro perspective found among the aims with the network, was simply not adopted by several partners. Perhaps this may be explained by a lack of understanding and handling the balance between cooperation and competition. In conclusion, even though the network were ambitious and had well thought-thrown aims, our findings indicate that these ambitions were not successfully adopted by partners. This might well be the reason for why it was decided to discontinue the network.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A Monte Carlo Simulation Study of Tobit Models
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Economics Letters. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 8:9, s. 581-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on a comparison of diOEerent kinds of Tobit models. According to the ® ndings, a simple Tobit I method can produce results that are similar to and in some cases better than much more sophisticated methods. This is especially true if the participation or index equation is incorrectly speci® ed.
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| 29. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Accessibility : An Underused Analytical and Empirical Tool in Spatial Economics
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACCESSIBILITY AND SPATIAL INTERACTION. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781782540724 - 9781782540731 ; , s. 211-236
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accessibility has for many years been a widely used tool in transportation research. Many definitions have been suggested and researchers have constructed numerous mathematical formulations to measure its value in order to be able to evaluate the relationships between the nature of the transport systems and the patterns of land use. Such correlations have been used especially in assessing existing transport systems and forecasting their performance to provide decision-makers with ideas about the need for investments in the transport systems. However, accessibility measures can be regarded as the spatial counterparts of discounting. The measures represent the spatial distribution of economic agents and their activities in a simple way that imposes a very clear structure upon the relationship between these agents and their activities and their environment. Various frictional effects arising from geographical distance between economic agents determine their interaction options, that is, their options to trade, to cooperate, to learn, to commute, and so on. Observing that the time sensitivities of the economic agents vary between different spatial scales (and between different economic activities) we may impose a spatial structure (for example, local, intra-regional, interregional and international) which offers opportunities to define variables in such a way that spatial dependencies can be accommodated. These newly defined variables can then be used in empirical explanations of various spatial phenomena, such as patent output, new firm formation, the emergence of new export products, and economic growth in different spatial units. We will in this chapter against this background show that accessibility is an underused analytical and empirical tool in regional science with an underestimated potential.
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| 30. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-
(författare)
-
Accessibility to R&D and Patent Production
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose in this paper is to study to what extent accessibility to R&D can explain patent production. Therefore a knowledge production function is estimated both on aggregated level and for different industrial sectors. The output of the knowledge production is the number patent applications in Swedish municipalities from 1994 to 1999. In order to account for the importance of proximity, the explanatory variables are expressed as accessibilities to university and company R&D. The total accessibility is then decomposed into local, intra-regional and inter-regional accessibility to R&D. As often is the case with R&D outputs, the regional distribution of patents is highly skewed with influential outliers. The estimations are therefore conducted with quantile regressions. The main results on aggregated level indicate that high accessibility (local) to company R&D has the greatest positive effects on patent production. The effects are statistically significant for municipalities with a patent production corresponding to the median and to quantiles above the median. Local accessibility to university R&D is only of importance for certain industrial sectors and not on aggregated level. There is also evidence that intra-regional accessibility to company R&D affects patent production positively. A conclusion is that concentrated R&D investments in companies situated in municipalities with a high patenting activity would not only gain the municipalities themselves, but also the patent production in other municipalities in the functional region.
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| 31. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-
(författare)
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Accessibility to R&D on Patent Production
- 2009
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Ingår i: Innovation, Agglomeration and Regional Competition. - : Edward Elgar. - 978 1 84542 526 5 ; , s. 231-260
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-
(författare)
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Explaining Variations in Regional Housing Prices : An Accessibility Approach
- 2017
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2017: Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Industrial Dynamics in Internationalized Regional Economies. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789187531613 ; , s. 259-273
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues that the relative geographical position of a municipality needs to be accounted for when explaining variations in housing prices. In particular, the paper aim to show that travel time distance to important economic centers have an impact on the spatial variation in housing prices across municipalities. A suitableway to model this possible impact is to use the accessibility concept, which takes into account both the time distance and the size of the economic opportunity, measured by gross pay, that can be realized in a another municipality. The model will be estimated for average municipality level housing prices using data on Swedish municipalities in 2015. To a large extent, the expectations are confirmed by the econometric estimation results. Geographical time distance have a negative effect on local housing prices. Good access to economic centers increases average housing prices, even after taking into account a large number of other determinants.
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| 35. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Human Capital and Productivity in a Spatial Economic System
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annales d'Èconomie et de Statistique. - Paris : Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques. - 0769-489X. ; :87/88, s. 125-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 36. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-
(författare)
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Imports, R&D and Local Patent Production
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics Of Knowledge And Talent Local Advantage in a Global Context. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848443280 ; , s. 343-368
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the effects of national and international knowledge flows on innovative activity. Therefore a knowledge production function is estimated with patent applications in Swedish municipalities as the measure of innovation. The knowledge resources applied are R&D investments and high-valued imports. In order to account for the importance of proximity, the knowledge resources are expressed as accessibilities. The total accessibility of a municipality is decomposed into local, intraregional and interregional accessibility. The main results indicate that knowledge resources in a given municipality tend to have a positive effect on the innovative activity of another municipality, given that the municipalities belong to the same functional region. Thus the results of the analysis indicate that knowledge flows transcend municipal borders, but that they tend to be bounded within functional regions. This result holds for both R&D investments and high-valued import products.
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| 37. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-
(författare)
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Imports, R&D and Local Patent Production
- 2007
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium tenth anniversary 2007: Institutions for Knowledge Generation and Knowledge Flows - Buildning Innovative Capabilities for Regions. - Trollhättan : University West. ; , s. 433-450
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of national and international knowledge flows on innovative activity. Therefore a knowledge production function is estimated with patent applications in Swedish municipalities as the measure of innovation. The knowledge resources applied are R&D investments and high valued imports. In order to account for the importance of proximity, the knowledge resources are expressed as accessibilities. The total accessibility of a municipality is decomposed into local, intra-regional and inter-regional accessibility. The main results indicate that knowledge resources in a given municipality tend to have a positive effect on the innovative activity of another municipality, given that the municipalities belong to the same functional region. Thus, the results of the analysis indicate that knowledge flows transcend municipal borders, but that they tend to be bounded within functional regions. This result holds for both R&D investments and high valued import products.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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On the Specification of Regression Models with Spatial Dependence : An Application of the Accessibility concept
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using the taxonomy by Anselin (2003), this paper investigates how the inclusion of spatially discounted variables on the ‘right-hand-side’ (RHS) in empirical spatial models affects the extent of spatial autocorrelation. The basic proposition is that the inclusion of inputs external to the spatial observation in question as a separate variable reveals spatial dependence via the parameter estimate. One of the advantages of this method is that it allows for a direct interpretation. The paper also tests to what extent significance of the estimated parameters of the spatially discounted explanatory variables can be interpreted as evidence of spatial dependence. Additionally, the paper advocates the use of the accessibility concept for spatial weights. Accessibility is related to spatial interaction theory and can be motivated theoretically by adhering to the preference structure in random choice theory. Monte Carlo Simulations show that the coefficient estimates of the accessibility variables are significantly different from zero in the case of modelled effects. The rejection frequency of the three typical tests (Moran’s I, LM-lag and LM-err) is significantly reduced when these additional variables are included in the model. When the coefficient estimates of the accessibility variables are statistically significant, it suggests that problems of spatial autocorrelation are significantly reduced. Significance of the accessibility variables can be interpreted as spatial dependence
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| 41. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Knowledge Accessibility and Regional Economic Growth
- 2007
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2006: Entrepreneurship and Development - Local Processes and Global Patterns. - Trollhättan : University West. ; , s. 47-63
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge is maintained as a core variable for growth in a large set of contemporary theories. In this paper we have analyzed the relationship between knowledge accessibility and regional growth. The knowledge resource used in our model is R&D conducted at universities and in companies. A precise definition of accessibility was introduced and calculations were based on actual travel time distances. Using data at the municipality level in Sweden, the hypothesis that knowledge accessibility has a positive effect on growth cannot be rejected. The knowledge accessibility in a given period has a statistically significant effect on the growth in value-added per employee in subsequent periods.The total accessibility of a municipality was divided into three types (i) intramunicipal accessibility, (ii) intra-regional accessibility and (iii) extra-regional accessibility. The paper has shown that this division gives a clear indication of that there is spatial dependence in the sense that the knowledge resources in a given municipality tend to have a positive effect on the growth of another municipality, conditional on that the municipalities belongs to the same functional region. Thus, the results of the analysis indicate that knowledge flows transcend municipal borders, but that they tend to be bounded within functional regions.The findings in the paper provide support for the theories that emphasize the role of knowledge for growth. However, the paper demonstrates that spatial proximity to knowledge resources is important to materialize the positive effect of such resources. Accessibility to knowledge in space is thus imperative.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial knowledge spillovers in Europe : A Meta-Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Innovation Union in Europe: A Socio-Economic Perspective on EU Integration. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9780857939906 - 9780857939913 ; , s. 144-175
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 46. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-
(författare)
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Spatial Spillovers of Knowledge Production : An Accessibility Approach
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main focus of the thesis is on issues concerning production of knowledge. It is a common observation that knowledge activities have a tendency to agglomerate as well as to spill over in space. In order to incorporate geographical proximity, the thesis applies an accessibility approach in which actual travel time distances between locations are used to discount spatial knowledge spillovers. The thesis consists of three individual essays and a joint introduction. The first essay explores to what extent accessibility to R&D conducted at universities and companies can explain the number of patent applications in Swedish municipalities. The second essay analyses the relationship between knowledge accessibility and regional export performance. The knowledge resources used are R&D efforts and university educated labour. Since the distributions of the dependent variables are skewed with a few influential outliers, the estimations are conducted with quantile regressions. The empirical findings indicate that accessibility to university R&D has minor effects on patent production and export performance in Sweden. However, the other used inputs, i.e. accessibility to company R&D and accessibility to university educated labour, are of greater importance. The results also show that knowledge flows transcend municipal borders but that they tend to be bounded within functional regions. The third essay investigates how the inclusion of accessibility variables, i.e. spatially lagged explanatory variables, affects the extent of spatial autocorrelation. The basic proposition is that the inclusion of inputs external to the spatial observation as separate variables reveals spatial dependencies via the parameter estimates. This is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. The Monte Carlo Simulations also indicate that problems with spatial autocorrelation and biased parameter estimates are reduced.
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| 47. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of R&D on Regional Invention and Innovation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2008: Spatial Dispersed Production and Network Governance. - Trollhättan : University West. ; , s. 263-282
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the effects of regional R&D on patenting for Sweden within an accessibility framework. We use two measures of patenting: number of patents granted per capita and a composite of quality-adjusted patents which we regard as an innovation indicator, respectively. Three conclusions emerge. First, we find that the specification where innovations per capita is used as a dependent variable performs much better than with granted patents per capita for capturing relationships with regional R&D. In fact, quantile regressions over the distribution of different patenting and innovation levels per capita show that R&D efforts within regions affect innovations per capita positively, except for the regions with the lowest levels of R&D. The effetcs on granted patents per capita are less robust and depend inconsistently on the level of R&D. Secondly, accessibility to inter-regional R&D do not affect innovation significantly in our results, which suggests that effects are locally bounded. This implies that studies of the R&D-innovation relationship are plagued by misspecification, since studies tend to show that R&D-effects diffuse to other regions. This is also the case in our study: the inter-regional effects are an important factor for granted patents. Third, the share of university R&D of all regional R&D has no effect on patenting, which suggests that the two types of R&D are substitutes. In view of these results the redommendation must be to use quality-adjusted patents for regional innovation studies rather than patent grants.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-
(författare)
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University-educated labor, R&D and regional export performance
- 2008
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Ingår i: International regional science review. - : SAGE. - 0160-0176 .- 1552-6925. ; 31:3, s. 211-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of the study in this paper is to establish to what extent accessibility to R&D and university-educated labor can explain regional export performance. This is done by estimating knowledge production functions, with total export value and number of high-valued exports in Swedish municipalities from 1997 to 1999 as outputs. The results in the paper indicate that accessibility to university-educated labor has the greatest positive effects. The value of exported products is mainly affected by local accessibility to university-educated labor (and company R&D). The intra- and inter-regional accessibilities play a more important role when the number of high-valued export products in Swedish municipalities is the output.
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| 50. |
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