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- Catalán, Núria, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of beaver impoundments on dissolved organic matter quality and biodegradability in boreal riverine systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 793:1, s. 135-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beaver impoundments modify the structure of river reaches and lead to changes in ecosystem function and biogeochemical processes. Here, we assessed the changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality and the biodegradation patterns in a set of beaver systems across Sweden. As the effect of beaver impoundments might be transient and local, we compared DOM quality and biodegradability of both pond and upstream sections of differentially aged beaver systems. Newly established dams shifted the sources and DOM biodegradability patterns. In particular, humic-like DOM, most likely leached from surrounding soils, characterized upstream sections of new beaver impoundments. In contrast, autochthonous and processed compounds, with both higher biodegradation rates and a broader spectrum of reactivities, differentiated DOM in ponds. DOM in recently established ponds seemed to be more humic and less processed compared to older ponds, but system idiosyncrasies determined by catchment particularities influenced this ageing effect.
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| 3. |
- Stegmayr, Bernd, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose atorvastatin in severe chronic kidney disease patients : a randomized, controlled endpoint study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 39:6, s. 489-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. There have been no endpoint studies with statins for patients with severe renal failure. The purpose of this prospective, open, randomized, controlled study was to investigate whether atorvastatin (10 mg/day) would alter cardiovascular endpoints and the overall mortality rate of patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min).Material and methods. The study subjects comprised 143 patients who were randomized either to placebo (controls; n=73; mean age 69.5 years) or to treatment with atorvastatin (n=70; mean age 67.9 years). The patients included were either non-dialysis (n=33), haemodialysis (n=97) or peritoneal dialysis (n=13) patients. Analysis focused on the primary endpoints of all-cause mortality, non-lethal acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Statistical analysis for endpoint data was mainly by intention-to-treat.Results. Primary endpoints occurred in 74% of the subjects. There was no difference in outcome between the control and atorvastatin groups. The 5-year endpoint-free survival rate from study entry was 20%. Atorvastatin was withdrawn in 20% of patients due to unacceptable side-effects. In the atorvastatin group, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was reduced by 35% at 1 month and then sustained. The controls showed a progressive reduction in LDL cholesterol until 36 months.Conclusions. Although atorvastatin reduced total and LDL cholesterol effectively it was not beneficial regarding the long-term outcomes of cardiovascular endpoints or survival. In contrast to other patient groups, patients with severe chronic kidney disease, especially those on dialysis, seem to derive limited benefit from this lower dose of atorvastatin.
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