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- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated method for assessing climate-related risks and adaptation alternatives in urban areas
- 2015
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Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0963. ; 7, s. 31-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 The Authors. The urban environment is a complex structure with interlinked social, ecological and technical structures. Global warming is expected to have a broad variety of impacts, which will add to the complexity. Climate changes will force adaptation, to reduce climate-related risks. Adaptation measures can address one aspect at the time, or aim for a holistic approach to avoid maladaptation. This paper presents a systematic, integrated approach for assessing alternatives for reducing the risks of heat waves, flooding and air pollution in urban settings, with the aim of reducing the risk of maladaptation. The study includes strategies covering different spatial scales, and both the current climate situation and the climate predicted under climate change scenarios. The adaptation strategies investigated included increasing vegetation; selecting density, height and colour of buildings; and retreat or resist (defend) against sea-level rise. Their effectiveness was assessed with regard to not only flooding, heat stress and air quality but also with regard to resource use, emissions to air (incl. GHG), soil and water, and people's perceptions and vulnerability. The effectiveness of the strategies were ranked on a common scale (from -3 to 3) in an integrated assessment. Integrated assessments are recommended, as they help identify the most sustainable solutions, but to reduce the risk of maladaptation they require experts from a variety of disciplines. The most generally applicable recommendation, derived from the integrated assessment here, taking into account both expertise from different municipal departments, literature surveys, life cycle assessments and publics perceptions, is to increase the urban greenery, as it contributes to several positive aspects such as heat stress mitigation, air quality improvement, effective storm-water and flood-risk management, and it has several positive social impacts. The most favourable alternative was compact, mid-rise, light coloured building design with large parks/green areas and trees near buildings.
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- Cedres, N, et al.
(författare)
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Brain Atrophy Subtypes and the ATN Classification Scheme in Alzheimer's Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuro-degenerative diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2862 .- 1660-2854. ; 20:4, s. 153-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We investigated the association between atrophy subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the ATN classification scheme, and key demographic and clinical factors in 2 cohorts with different source characteristics (a highly selective research-oriented cohort, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI]; and a naturalistic heterogeneous clinically oriented cohort, Karolinska Imaging Dementia Study [KIDS]). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 382 AD patients were included. Factorial analysis of mixed data was used to investigate associations between AD subtypes based on brain atrophy patterns, ATN profiles based on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and age, sex, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), cerebrovascular disease (burden of white matter signal abnormalities, WMSAs), and <i>APOE</i> genotype. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Older patients with high WMSA burden, belonging to the typical AD subtype and showing A+T+N+ or A+T+N− profiles clustered together and were mainly from ADNI. Younger patients with low WMSA burden, limbic-predominant or minimal atrophy AD subtypes, and A+T−N− or A+T−N+ profiles clustered together and were mainly from KIDS. <i>APOE</i> ε4 carriers more frequently showed the A+T−N− and A+T+N− profiles. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings align with the recent framework for biological subtypes of AD: the combination of risk factors, protective factors, and brain pathologies determines belonging of AD patients to distinct subtypes.
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- Engel, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
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The Bee Microbiome: Impact on Bee Health and Model for Evolution and Ecology of Host-Microbe Interactions
- 2016
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Ingår i: mBio. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 7:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As pollinators, bees are cornerstones for terrestrial ecosystem stability and key components in agricultural productivity. All animals, including bees, are associated with a diverse community of microbes, commonly referred to as the micro biome. The bee micro biome is likely to be a crucial factor affecting host health. However, with the exception of a few pathogens, the impacts of most members of the bee microbiome on host health are poorly understood. Further, the evolutionary and ecological forces that shape and change the microbiome are unclear. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the bee microbiome, and we present challenges associated with its investigation. We conclude that global coordination of research efforts is needed to fully understand the complex and highly dynamic nature of the interplay between the bee micro biome, its host, and the environment. High-throughput sequencing technologies are ideal for exploring complex biological systems, including host-microbe interactions. To maximize their value and to improve assessment of the factors affecting bee health, sequence data should be archived, curated, and analyzed in ways that promote the synthesis of different studies. To this end, the BeeBiome consortium aims to develop an online database which would provide reference sequences, archive metadata, and host analytical resources. The goal would be to support applied and fundamental research on bees and their associated microbes and to provide a collaborative framework for sharing primary data from different research programs, thus furthering our understanding of the bee microbiome and its impact on pollinator health.
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- GILLJAM, M, et al.
(författare)
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INTENSE MINORITIES AND THE PATTERN OF PUBLIC-OPINION
- 1995
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0954-2892 .- 1471-6909. ; 7:3, s. 199-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Golovliov, Igor, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Survival of Virulent Tularemia Pathogens outside a Host in Conditions That Mimic Natural Aquatic Environments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 87:6, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia, can cause seasonal outbreaks of acute febrile illness in humans with disease peaks in late summer to autumn. Interestingly, its mechanisms for environmental persistence between outbreaks are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that F. tularensis forms biofilms in aquatic environments. We utilized two fully virulent wild-type strains: FSC200 (Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica) and Schu S4 (Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis) and three control strains, the attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS; F. tularensis subsp. holarctica), a Schu S4 DwbtI mutant that is documented to form biofilms, and the low-virulence strain U112 of the closely related species Francisella novicida. Strains were incubated in saline solution (0.9% NaCl) microcosms for 24 weeks at both 4°C and 20°C, whereupon viability and biofilm formation were measured. These temperatures were selected to approximate winter and summer temperatures of fresh water in Scandinavia, respectively. U112 and Schu S4 DwbtI formed biofilms, but F. tularensis strains FSC200 and Schu S4 and the LVS did not. All strains exhibited prolonged viability at 4°C compared to 20°C. U112 and FSC200 displayed remarkable long-term persistence at 4°C, with only 1- and 2-fold log reductions, respectively, of viable cells after 24weeks. Schu S4 exhibited lower survival, yielding no viable cells by week 20. At 24weeks, cells from FSC200, but not from Schu S4, were still fully virulent in mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate biofilm-independent, long-term survival of pathogenic F. tularensis subsp. holarctica in conditions that mimic overwinter survival in aquatic environments.
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| 29. |
- Granberg, D, et al.
(författare)
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Lung and thymic carcinoids.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Surgical Endocrinology. - : Williams and Wilkins Publishers. ; , s. 413-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Johanson, V, et al.
(författare)
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A Randomized, Cross-Over Study in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) to Assess Patient Preference of Lanreotide Autogel Given by either Self/Partner or Healthcare Professional in NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, vol 94, issue , pp 29-29
- 2011
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Ingår i: NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY. - : Karger. ; , s. 703-710
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lanreotide Autogel® is supplied in prefilled syringes. Therefore, it is possible for patients with neuroendocrine tumors to use self-/partner-administered injections. The primary objective of this study was to assess the proportion of patients preferring self/partner injections over injections administered by health care professionals, and to describe the impact of self/partner administration on efficacy, safety, and costs. Methods: Of 62 eligible patients, 26 (42%) patients with neuroendocrine tumors treated with a stable dose of lanreotide Autogel 90 mg or 120 mg every 4 weeks agreed to participate in this Phase IV, international, open-label, crossover study, conducted at hospitals in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Patients were randomized to two blocks, starting with administration of lanreotide Autogel by either self/partner or a health care professional. Preference for injections administered by self/partner or health care professionals was measured, as well as efficacy, safety, and health care resource utilization (both direct and indirect costs). Results: Of 25 evaluable patients, 22 (88%) preferred self/partner injections, mainly because they experienced increased independence. Based on all patients asked to participate (n = 62), 35% preferred self/partner injections on a regular basis. There was no difference in efficacy or safety between the two administration blocks. Conclusion: Many patients with neuroendocrine tumors prefer self/partner injection of lanreotide Autogel, and are able to self/partner inject without any impact on efficacy or safety. This administration method seems to provide a good alternative for suitable patients to increase patient independence and reduce the number of clinic visits.
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| 43. |
- Kanakis, G., et al.
(författare)
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Unusual Complication of a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Presenting with Malignant Hypercalcemia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 97:4, s. E627-E631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Hypersecretion of PTHrP is a relatively common cause of malignancy-related hypercalcemia but has only been described in a few cases of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Objective: The aim of this case report is to describe the clinical syndrome, complex therapeutic interventions, and unusual complications caused by persistent PTHrP hypersecretion in a patient with a pancreatic NET. Case Illustration: A 58-yr-old male patient presented with nonspecific abdominal pain and was found to have severe hypercalcemia secondary to a well-differentiated NET of the pancreas associated with extensive liver metastases. Elevated ionized calcium levels accompanied by low serum PTH and remarkably elevated PTHrP concentrations were consistent with PTHrP-related hypercalcemia that proved to be resistant to various chemotherapeutic regimens and supportive therapy. Partial control of the humoral syndrome was obtained only after the application of cytoreductive interventions and the introduction of various molecular targeted therapies. Due to persistent PTHrP action, bone disease emerged in the form of brown tumors. Discussion: The manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome due to PTHrP hypersecretion, despite its rareness in NET, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia in such tumors. Moreover, the appearance of bone lesions in this setting may be in the context of metabolic bone disease and could be misdiagnosed as bone metastases.
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| 45. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960-
(författare)
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Regionen och EU? : Uppfattningar och attityder till EU-relaterade frågor i Västsverige
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores perceptions and preferences on regional action in EU-related frameworks among regional actors in Western Sweden. Building upon the literature on Europeanisation and the Fusion approach, three dimensions of Europeanisation are clarified and explored– download, upload and crossload – and together with a set of five variables that constitute the Micro Fusion Framework; a comprehensive analytical tool is developed. The thesis analyses the intense debate among the members of West Sweden that took place from 2011 to 2013 that focused on how to functionally organise the regional office in Brussels in order to meet future challenges. Surprisingly, the members eventually decided to terminate their cooperation and close the jointly owned office in Brussels in spite of the fact that it has been widely regarded as successful and effective. Diverging perceptions and preferences is understood in terms of three positions on regional action; a download-, upload- and a coherent oriented position. Finally, the thesis presents the empirical findings and discusses in relation to three fusion scenarios, infusion, defusion and clustered fusion.In terms of Micro Fusion Framework, the dynamics shaping why West Sweden was finally regarded as a dysfunctional arena for regional action are explained by a shift of attention and action among regional actors in Western Sweden that led to pressure for further institutional adaptation in order to meet the demand of how ‘to get the best out of the EU’. Further, this redefinition of how to handle EU-affairs within the upload-oriented position was accompanied by positive attitudes towards the potential to bypass the state and thereby pursue regional priorities directly in Brussels given the compound nature of the EU. In contrast, those regional actors that are found to be more download-oriented often question the benefits of uploading activities in practice and advocate close relations to the state. A coherent oriented position recognises the importance of activities related to both of the vertical dimensions of Europeanisation.
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| 47. |
- Moridi, T, et al.
(författare)
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Association between brain volume and disability over time in multiple sclerosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical. - : SAGE Publications. - 2055-2173. ; 8:4, s. 20552173221144230-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most previous multiple sclerosis (MS) brain atrophy studies using MS impact scale 29 (MSIS-29) or symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) have been cross-sectional with limited sets of clinical outcomes. Objectives To investigate which brain and lesion volume metrics show the strongest long-term associations with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), SDMT, and MSIS-29, and whether MRI-clinical associations vary with age. Methods We acquired MRI and clinical data from a real-world Swedish MS cohort. FreeSurfer and SPM Lesion Segmentation Tool were used to obtain brain parenchymal, cortical and subcortical grey matter, thalamic and white matter fractions as well as T1- and T2-lesion volumes. Mixed-effects and rolling regression models were used in the statistical analyses. Results We included 989 persons with MS followed for a median of 9.3 (EDSS), 10.1 (SDMT), and 9.3 (MSIS-29) years, respectively. In a cross-sectional analysis, the strength of the associations of the MRI metrics with the EDSS and MSIS-29 was found to drastically increase after 40–50 years of age. Low baseline regional grey matter fractions were associated with longitudinal increase of EDSS and physical MSIS-29 scores and decrease in SDMT scores and these atrophy measures were stronger predictors than the lesion volumes. Conclusions The strength of MRI-clinical associations increase with age. Grey matter volume fractions are stronger predictors of long-term disability measures than lesion volumes.
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