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- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Cold case : The disappearance of Egypt bee virus, a fourth distinct master strain of deformed wing virus linked to honeybee mortality in 1970's Egypt
- 2022
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Ingår i: Virology Journal. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1743-422X. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1977, a sample of diseased adult honeybees (Apis mellifera) from Egypt was found to contain large amounts of a previously unknown virus, Egypt bee virus, which was subsequently shown to be serologically related to deformed wing virus (DWV). By sequencing the original isolate, we demonstrate that Egypt bee virus is in fact a fourth unique, major variant of DWV (DWV-D): more closely related to DWV-C than to either DWV-A or DWV-B. DWV-A and DWV-B are the most common DWV variants worldwide due to their close relationship and transmission by Varroa destructor. However, we could not find any trace of DWV-D in several hundred RNA sequencing libraries from a worldwide selection of honeybee, varroa and bumblebee samples. This means that DWV-D has either become extinct, been replaced by other DWV variants better adapted to varroa-mediated transmission, or persists only in a narrow geographic or host range, isolated from common bee and beekeeping trade routes.
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- Anisimov, AN, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic anisotropies of Fe-n/V-m(001) superlattices determined by Ferromagnetic Resonance
- 1998
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Ingår i: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0018-9464. ; 34:4, s. 873-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The temperature-dependent magnetic anisotropies of Fe-n/V-m(001) superlattices on MgO(001) were determined by Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR). The re-layer thickness n ranges between 2 and 4 atomic layers. The shape anisotropy dominates, and the easy-axis o
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- Cedres, N, et al.
(författare)
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Brain Atrophy Subtypes and the ATN Classification Scheme in Alzheimer's Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuro-degenerative diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2862 .- 1660-2854. ; 20:4, s. 153-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We investigated the association between atrophy subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the ATN classification scheme, and key demographic and clinical factors in 2 cohorts with different source characteristics (a highly selective research-oriented cohort, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI]; and a naturalistic heterogeneous clinically oriented cohort, Karolinska Imaging Dementia Study [KIDS]). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 382 AD patients were included. Factorial analysis of mixed data was used to investigate associations between AD subtypes based on brain atrophy patterns, ATN profiles based on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and age, sex, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), cerebrovascular disease (burden of white matter signal abnormalities, WMSAs), and <i>APOE</i> genotype. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Older patients with high WMSA burden, belonging to the typical AD subtype and showing A+T+N+ or A+T+N− profiles clustered together and were mainly from ADNI. Younger patients with low WMSA burden, limbic-predominant or minimal atrophy AD subtypes, and A+T−N− or A+T−N+ profiles clustered together and were mainly from KIDS. <i>APOE</i> ε4 carriers more frequently showed the A+T−N− and A+T+N− profiles. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings align with the recent framework for biological subtypes of AD: the combination of risk factors, protective factors, and brain pathologies determines belonging of AD patients to distinct subtypes.
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- Engel, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
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The Bee Microbiome: Impact on Bee Health and Model for Evolution and Ecology of Host-Microbe Interactions
- 2016
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Ingår i: mBio. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 7:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As pollinators, bees are cornerstones for terrestrial ecosystem stability and key components in agricultural productivity. All animals, including bees, are associated with a diverse community of microbes, commonly referred to as the micro biome. The bee micro biome is likely to be a crucial factor affecting host health. However, with the exception of a few pathogens, the impacts of most members of the bee microbiome on host health are poorly understood. Further, the evolutionary and ecological forces that shape and change the microbiome are unclear. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the bee microbiome, and we present challenges associated with its investigation. We conclude that global coordination of research efforts is needed to fully understand the complex and highly dynamic nature of the interplay between the bee micro biome, its host, and the environment. High-throughput sequencing technologies are ideal for exploring complex biological systems, including host-microbe interactions. To maximize their value and to improve assessment of the factors affecting bee health, sequence data should be archived, curated, and analyzed in ways that promote the synthesis of different studies. To this end, the BeeBiome consortium aims to develop an online database which would provide reference sequences, archive metadata, and host analytical resources. The goal would be to support applied and fundamental research on bees and their associated microbes and to provide a collaborative framework for sharing primary data from different research programs, thus furthering our understanding of the bee microbiome and its impact on pollinator health.
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- Granberg, S, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of oral estriol on the endometrium in postmenopausal women
- 2002
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - 0378-5122 .- 1873-4111. ; 42:2, s. 149-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To study the long-term effects of oral estriol tablets on the endometrium of postmenopausal women by TVS and histology. Method: This was a cross sectional, parallel-group, multicenter trial of 241 postmenopausal women, out of whom 125 were treated with oral estriol and 116 were untreated controls. Endometrial histology using Pipelle biopsies and/or dilatation and curettage (D&C) was taken, endometrial thickness was assessed by use of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), and the relation between endometrial thickness and histology was calculated. Results: No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in endometrial histology. There were found more polyps in the oral estriol group (14.0%) as compared with the control group (2.9%). The mean endometrial thickness in the oral estriol group was 3.0 mm compared with a mean value of 2.4 mm in the control group: P=0.01. Conclusions: No clinically relevant difference was found between the endometrium status (assessed by histology and TVS) of postmenopausal women on long-term oral estriol therapy and untreated controls. This trial supports the endometrial safety of maintenance treatment with oral estriol tablets. However, there are signs, not statistically significant, that may be associated with more endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women than if therapy is not given and that TVS is a useful instrument for the diagnosis. ⌐ 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment : a randomized controlled trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings. - New York, USA : Springer. - 1068-9583 .- 1573-3572. ; 19:2, s. 224-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT-I) for insomnia on patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment. A randomized controlled design was used with a 3-month follow-up. Thirty-two patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment were randomized to either CBT-I or a waitlist condition (WLC). The primary outcome was insomnia severity. Secondary outcomes were sleep diary parameters, dysfunction, anxiety, and depression. Compared to WLC, CBT-I resulted in lower insomnia severity at post-treatment and at follow-up (d = 1.18–1.56). Relative to WLC, CBT-I also led, at both assessment points, to reduced total wake time (d = 1.39) and increased sleep restoration (d = 1.03–1.07) and sleep quality (d = 0.91–1.16). Both groups increased their total sleep time, but no significant group difference emerged. Compared to WLC, CBT-I resulted in higher function (d = 0.81–0.96) and lower anxiety (d = 1.29–1.30) at both assessment points. Neither CBT-I nor WLC led to improvement on depression. Based on the Insomnia Severity Index, more CBT-I (53–77%) than WLC participants (0–7%) were treatment responders. Also, more CBT-I (24%) than WLC participants (0%) remitted. In patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment, CBT-I was effective in decreasing insomnia severity, subjective sleep parameters, dysfunction, and anxiety. These findings are in line with previous results on the effects of CBT-I in other medical conditions.
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- Kukkonen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Environmental and Health Impacts of Shipping Emissions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Springer Proceedings in Complexity. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2213-8684 .- 2213-8692. ; , s. 329-336
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new concept for marine research, applied in the EU-funded project EMERGE, “Evaluation, control and Mitigation of the EnviRonmental impacts of shippinG Emissions” (2020–2024; https://emerge-h2020.eu/ ). For the first time, both the various marine and atmospheric impacts of the shipping sector have been and will be comprehensively analyzed, using a concerted modelling and measurements framework. The experimental part of the project focuses on five European geographical case studies in different ecologically vulnerable regions, and a mobile onboard case study. The EMERGE consortium has also developed a harmonised and integrated modelling framework to assess the combined impacts of shipping emissions, both (i) on the marine ecosystems and (ii) the atmospheric environment. The first results include substantial refinements of a range of models to be applied, especially those for the STEAM and OpenDrift models. In particular, the STEAM (Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model) model has been extended to allow for the effects of atmospheric and oceanographic factors on the fuel consumption and emissions of the ships. The OpenDrift model has been improved to take into account the partitioning, degradation, and volatilization of pollutants in water. The predicted emission and discharge values have been used as input for both regional scale atmospheric dispersion models, such as WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting—Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) and SILAM (System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric composition), and water quality and circulation models, such as OpenDrift (Open source model for the drifting of substances in the ocean) and Delft3D (oceanographic model). The case study regions are Eastern Mediterranean, Northern Adriatic Sea, the Lagoon of Aveiro, the Solent Strait and the Öresund Strait. We have also conducted a substantial part of the experimental campaigns scheduled in the project. The final assessment will include the benefits and costs of control and mitigation options affecting water quality, air pollution exposure, health impacts, climate forcing, and ecotoxicological effects and bioaccumulation of pollutants in marine biota.
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| 34. |
- Lind, Simon, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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The allosterically modulated FFAR2 is transactivated by signals generated by other neutrophil GPCRs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plos One. - 1932-6203. ; 18:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positive allosteric modulators for free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2/GPR43), that affect receptor function through binding to two distinct allosteric binding sites, were used to determine the correlation between the responses induced in neutrophils by two distinct activation modes; FFAR2 was activated either by the orthosteric agonist propionate or by a receptor transactivation mechanism that activated FFAR2 from the cytosolic side of the neutrophil plasma membrane by signals generated by the neutrophil PAFR (receptor for platelet activating factor), P2Y(2)R (receptor for ATP), FPR1 (receptor for fMLF) and FPR2 (receptor for WKYMVM). We show that the transactivation signals that activate FFAR2 in the absence of any orthosteric agonist were generated downstream of the signaling G protein that couple to PAFR and P2Y(2)R. This transactivation of allosterically modulated FFAR2s, by signals generated by PAFR/P2Y(2)R, represents a novel mechanism by which a G protein coupled receptor can be activated. Weak correlations were obtained when the FFAR2 activity was induced by the transactivation signals generated by PAFRs and P2Y(2)Rs were compared with the FFAR2 activity induced by the orthosteric agonist propionate. Comparison of the responses for each allosteric modulator revealed that the ratio values, calculated from the peak values of the ATP and propionate responses, varied from 0.2 to 1. Depending on the allosteric modulator, the response induced by the two different mechanisms (orthosteric activation and receptor transactivation, respectively), was equal or the propionate response was more pronounced. Importantly, we conclude that FFAR2 activation from outside (orthosteric activation) and inside (receptor cross-talk/transactivation) can be selectively affected by an allosteric FFAR2 modulator.
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| 35. |
- Lindstrom, B., et al.
(författare)
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Combined multimode and singlemode fiber
- 2002
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Ingår i: Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit. ; , s. 628-629
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A future proof combined MM- and SM-fiber is presented, which combines the advantages of both fiber types and makes upgrading and downgrading cheap and simple.
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| 36. |
- Manchaiah, Vinaya, et al.
(författare)
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Examining the consequences of tinnitus using the multidimensional perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 142:1, s. 67-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tinnitus is one of the most frequent chronic conditions in adults with wide range of consequences.Aims/Objectives: The aim of the current study was to determine the problems and life effects reported by individuals with tinnitus using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.Material and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 344 individuals with tinnitus completed a series of questionnaires. The responses to open-ended questions were linked to ICF categories.Results: Activity limitations and participation restrictions were most dominant consequence of tinnitus followed by effect on the body function with limited emphasis on the contextual factors. Frequently reported responses to body function involved emotional functions (b152), attention function (b140), and sleep functions (b134). Commonly reported responses to activity limitations and participation restrictions were recreation and leisure (d920), conversation (d350), communicating with—receiving—spoken messages (d310), listening (d115), and remunerative employment (d850). Sound intensity (e2500) and sound quality (e2501) were the frequently reported responses to environmental factors. Coping styles, past and present experiences, and lifestyle were the most frequently occurring personal factors.Conclusions and significance: The study highlighted some key influencing factors of tinnitus in different ICF domains which can be helpful in rehabilitation planning.
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- Mickeviciute, G. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroimaging phenotypes of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy : Systematic review, meta-analysis, and imaging recommendations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 291:3, s. 269-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is a rare but fatal microgliopathy. The diagnosis is often delayed due to multifaceted symptoms that can mimic several other neurological disorders. Imaging provides diagnostic clues that help identify cases. The objective of this study was to integrate the literature on neuroimaging phenotypes of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed for neuroimaging findings of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy via PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase on 25 August 2021. The search included cases with confirmed CSF1R mutations reported under the previous terms hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids, pigmentary orthochromatic leukodystrophy, and adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia. In 78 studies providing neuroimaging data, 195 cases were identified carrying CSF1R mutations in 14 exons and five introns. Women had a statistically significant earlier age of onset (p = 0.041, 40 vs 43 years). Mean delay between symptom onset and neuroimaging was 2.3 years. Main magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were frontoparietal white matter lesions, callosal thinning, and foci of restricted diffusion. The hallmark computed tomography (CT) finding was white matter calcifications. Widespread cerebral hypometabolism and hypoperfusion were reported using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. In conclusion, CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is associated with progressive white matter lesions and brain atrophy that can resemble other neurodegenerative/-inflammatory disorders. However, long-lasting diffusion restriction and parenchymal calcifications are more specific findings that can aid the differential diagnosis. Native brain CT and brain MRI (with and without a contrast agent) are recommended with proposed protocols and pictorial examples are provided.
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| 44. |
- Plattén, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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MRI-Based Manual versus Automated Corpus Callosum Volumetric Measurements in Multiple Sclerosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimaging. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1051-2284 .- 1552-6569.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSECorpus callosum atrophy is a neurodegenerative biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). Manual delineations are gold standard but subjective and labor intensive. Novel automated methods are promising but require validation. We aimed to compare the robustness of manual versus automatic corpus callosum segmentations based on FreeSurfer.METHODSNine MS patients (6 females, age 38 ± 13 years, disease duration 7.3 ± 5.2 years) were scanned twice with repositioning using 3‐dimensional T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging on three scanners (two 1.5 T and one 3.0 T), that is, six scans/patient, on the same day. Normalized corpus callosum areas were measured independently by a junior doctor and neuroradiologist. The cross‐sectional and longitudinal streams of FreeSurfer were used to segment the corpus callosum volume.RESULTSManual measurements had high intrarater (junior doctor .96 and neuroradiologist .96) and interrater agreement (.94), by intraclass correlation coefficient (P < .001). The coefficient of variation was lowest for longitudinal FreeSurfer (.96% within scanners; 2.0% between scanners) compared to cross‐sectional FreeSurfer (3.7%, P = .001; 3.8%, P = .058) and the neuroradiologist (2.3%, P = .005; 2.4%, P = .33). Longitudinal FreeSurfer was also more accurate than cross‐sectional (Dice scores 83.9 ± 7.5% vs. 78.9 ± 8.4%, P < .01 relative to manual segmentations). The corpus callosum measures correlated with physical disability (longitudinal FreeSurfer r = –.36, P < .01; neuroradiologist r = –.32, P < .01) and cognitive disability (longitudinal FreeSurfer r = .68, P < .001; neuroradiologist r = .64, P < .001).CONCLUSIONSFreeSurfer's longitudinal stream provides corpus callosum measures with better repeatability than current manual methods and with similar clinical correlations. However, due to some limitations in accuracy, caution is warranted when using FreeSurfer with clinical data.
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- Pratt, J. R., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of methylphosphonate, a phosphate analogue, on the expression and degradation of the high-affinity phosphate transporter Pho84, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 43:45, s. 14444-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Pho84 high-affinity transport system is the major phosphate transporter activated when the cells experience a limitation in external phosphate. In this study, we have compared the phosphate-responsive mechanism of cells expressing PHO84 with a Deltapho84 strain by use of a phosphate analogue, methylphosphonate, which was judged to be suitable for assessment of phosphate homeostasis in the cells. Intracellular levels of the analogue, which in several respects mimicks phosphate, were monitored by (31)P NMR spectroscopy. Results show that methylphosphonate is a nonhydrolyzable and nonutilizable analogue that cannot be used to replenish phosphate or polyphosphate in yeast cells grown under conditions of phosphate limitation. However, the presence of methylphosphonate under such conditions represses the Pho5 acidic phosphatase activity of PHO84 cells, a finding that implies a direct role of the analogue in the regulation of phosphate-responsive genes and/or proteins. Likewise, accumulation of the Pho84 protein at the plasma membrane of the same cells is inhibited by methylphosphonate, although the derepressive expression of the PHO84 gene is unperturbed. Thus, a post-transcriptional regulation is suggested. Supportive of this suggestion is the fact that addition of methylphosphonate to cells with abundant and active Pho84 at the plasma membrane causes enhanced internalization of the Pho84 protein. Altogether, these observations suggest that the Pho84 transporter is regulated not only at the transcriptional level but also by a direct molecule-sensing mechanism at the protein level.
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