| 1. |
- Liu, X. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Origin and expansion of the world's most widespread pinniped: Range-wide population genomics of the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 31:6, s. 1682-1699
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) is the most widely distributed pinniped, occupying a wide variety of habitats and climatic zones across the Northern Hemisphere. Intriguingly, the harbour seal is also one of the most philopatric seals, raising questions as to how it colonized its current range. To shed light on the origin, remarkable range expansion, population structure and genetic diversity of this species, we used genotyping-by-sequencing to analyse similar to 13,500 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms from 286 individuals sampled from 22 localities across the species' range. Our results point to a Northeast Pacific origin of the harbour seal, colonization of the North Atlantic via the Canadian Arctic, and subsequent stepping-stone range expansions across the North Atlantic from North America to Europe, accompanied by a successive loss of genetic diversity. Our analyses further revealed a deep divergence between modern North Pacific and North Atlantic harbour seals, with finer-scale genetic structure at regional and local scales consistent with strong philopatry. The study provides new insights into the harbour seal's remarkable ability to colonize and adapt to a wide range of habitats. Furthermore, it has implications for current harbour seal subspecies delineations and highlights the need for international and national red lists and management plans to ensure the protection of genetically and demographically isolated populations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Podlog, Leslie, et al.
(författare)
-
Self presentation concerns and risky rehabilitation behaviors among adolescent athletes
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Sport and Exercise Psychology: Human Performance, Well-being and Health. - Funchal : Instituto do Desporto da Região Autónoma da Madeira, IP-RAM (IDRAM, IP-RAM). - 9789729809026 ; , s. 223-223
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-presentational concerns have been shown to predict a range of health damaging behaviors in a variety of life domains (Martin Ginis & Leary, 2004). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-presentational concerns and injured athlete health-risk behaviors (e.g., overdoing rehabilitation). Data with currently injured US adolescent athletes (n=90) competing in a range of high school sports was obtained. Self-presentational concerns about appearing athletically untalented (AAU), physical appearance (PA), fatigued/lacking in energy (FLE), and mental composure inadequacies (MCI) were assessed using the 21-item Self-Presentation in Sport Questionnaire (SPSQ; McGowan, Prapavessis, & Wesch, 2008). Injury risk behaviors were measured using the Rehabilitation Behaviors and Beliefs Questionnaire (RBBQ) and a modified version of the Injury Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Scale (I-PRRS; Glazer, 2009).As the RBBQ was a novel instrument, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. EFA results indicated two distinct interpretable factors with eigenvalues exceeding 1.0?rehabilitation behaviors (RBBQ-RBH, ?=.80) and rehabilitation beliefs (RBBQ-RBL, ?=.78). Subsequent correlational analysis revealed significant small to moderate correlations between AAU, MCI and the RBH factor (r = .29-.30, p < .01). Finally, linear stepwise regression analyses indicated that AAU predicted 9.2% (8.2% adjusted) of the variance in risky rehabilitation behaviors (RBBQ-RBH; ? = .304, p <.01). These findings suggest that athletes with greater self-presentational concerns may be more likely to engage in risky rehabilitation behaviors. Minimizing concerns about appearing athletically untalented may be important for preventing risk behaviors that increase the subsequent likelihood of reinjury and diminished post-injury performance.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Berger, Michelle L., et al.
(författare)
-
Alternative and legacy flame retardants in marine mammals from three northern ocean regions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 335, s. 122255-122255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flame retardants are globally distributed contaminants that have been linked to negative health effects in humans and wildlife. As top predators, marine mammals bioaccumulate flame retardants and other contaminants in their tissues which is one of many human-imposed factors threatening population health. While some flame retardants, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), have been banned because of known toxicity and environmental persistence, limited data exist on the presence and distribution of current-use alternative flame retardants in marine mammals from many industrialized and remote regions of the world. Therefore, this study measured 44 legacy and alternative flame retardants in nine marine mammal species from three ocean regions: the Northwest Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Baltic allowing for regional, species, age, body condition, temporal, and tissue comparisons to help understand global patterns. PBDE concentrations were 100–1000 times higher than the alternative brominated flame retardants (altBFRs) and Dechloranes. 2,2′,4,5,5′-pentabromobiphenyl (BB-101) and hexabromobenzene (HBBZ) were the predominant altBFRs, while Dechlorane-602 was the predominant Dechlorane. This manuscript also reports only the second detection of hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) in marine mammals. The NW Atlantic had the highest PBDE concentrations followed by the Baltic and Arctic which reflects greater historical use of PBDEs in North America compared to Europe and greater industrialization of North America and Baltic countries compared to the Arctic. Regional patterns for other compounds were more complicated, and there were significant interactions among species, regions, body condition and age class. Lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations in harbor seal liver and blubber were similar, but HBBZ and many Dechloranes had higher concentrations in liver, indicating factors other than lipid dynamics affect the distribution of these compounds. The health implications of contamination by this mixture of compounds are of concern and require further research.
|
|
| 5. |
- Eskeland, Sveinung, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the clinical and bacteriological outcomes of vaccination with recombinant Asp14 and OmpA against A. phagocytophilum in sheep
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. - : ELSEVIER. - 0165-2427 .- 1873-2534. ; 218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick borne bacterium, causing disease in sheep and other mammals, including humans. The bacterium has great economic and animal welfare implications for sheep husbandry in Northern Europe. With the prospect of a warmer and more humid climate, the vector availability will likely increase, resulting in a higher prevalence of A. phagocytophilum. The current preventive measures, as pyrethroids acting on ticks or long acting antibiotics controlling bacterial infection, are suboptimal for prevention of the disease in sheep. Recently, the increased awareness on antibiotic- and pyrethorid resistance, is driving the search for a new prophylactic approach in sheep against A. phagocytophilum. Previous studies have used an attenuated vaccine, which gave insufficient protection from challenge with live bacteria. Other studies have focused on bacterial membrane surface proteins like Asp14 and OmpA. An animal study using homologous proteins to Asp14 and OmpA of A. marginate, showed no protective effect in heifers. In the current study, recombinant proteins of Asp14 (rAsp14) and OmpA (rOmpA) of A. phagocytophilum were produced and prepared as a vaccine for sheep. Ten lambs were vaccinated twice with an adjuvant emulsified with rAsp14 or rOmpA, three weeks apart and challenged with a live strain of A. phagocytophilum (GenBank acc.nr M73220) on day 42. The control group consisted of five lambs injected twice with PBS and adjuvant. Hematology, real time qPCR, immunodiagnostics and flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were performed. Vaccinated lambs responded with clinical signs of A.phagocytophilum infection after challenge and bacterial load in the vaccinated group was not reduced compared to the control group. rAsp14 vaccinated lambs generated an antibody response against the vaccine, but a clear specificity for rAsp14 could not be established. rOmpA-vaccinated lambs developed a strong specific antibody response on days 28 after vaccination and 14 days post-challenge. Immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear monocytes revealed no difference between the three groups, but the percentage of CD4, CD8(+), gamma delta TcR+, lambda-Light chain(+), CD11b(+), CD14(+) and MHC II+ cells, within the groups changed during the study, most likely due to the adjuvant or challenge with the bacterium. Although an antigen specific antibody response could be detected against rOmpA and possibly rAsp14, the vaccines seemed to be ineffective in reducing clinical signs and bacterial load caused by A. phagocytophilum. This is the first animal study with recombinant Asp14 and OmpA aimed at obtaining clinical protection against A. phagocytophilum in sheep.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Stoustrup, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Management of orofacial manifestations of juvenile idiopathic arthritis : Interdisciplinary consensus-based recommendations.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 75:1, s. 4-14
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is common in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). TMJ arthritis can lead to orofacial symptoms, dysfunction and dentofacial deformity with negative impact on quality of life. Management involves interdisciplinary collaboration. No current recommendations exist to guide clinical management.OBJECTIVES: 1) To develop consensus-based interdisciplinary recommendations for management of orofacial manifestations of JIA. 2) To create a future research agenda related to management of TMJ arthritis in children with JIA.METHODS: The recommendations were developed using online surveying of relevant stakeholders, systematic literature review, evidence-informed generation of recommendations during two consensus-meetings, and Delphi study iterations involving external experts. The process included disciplines involved in the care of orofacial manifestations of JIA: Pediatric rheumatology, radiology, orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orofacial pain specialists and pediatric dentistry. Recommendations were accepted if agreement was >80% during a final Delphi study.RESULTS: Three overarching management principles and 12 recommendations for interdisciplinary management of orofacial manifestations of JIA were outlined. The 12 recommendations pertained to: diagnosis (n=4), treatment of TMJ arthritis (active TMJ inflammation) (n=2), treatment of TMJ dysfunction and symptoms (n=3), treatment of arthritis-related dentofacial deformity (n=2), and other related aspects to JIA (n=1). Additionally, a future interdisciplinary research agenda was developed.CONCLUSIONS: These are the first interdisciplinary recommendations to guide clinical management of TMJ JIA. The 3 overarching principles and 12 recommendations fill an important gap in current clinical practice. They emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management of orofacial manifestations of JIA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
