| 3. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating visibility graph analysis (VGA) with connectivity analysis in landscape ecology
- 2017
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Ingår i: 11th International Space Syntax Symposium, SSS 2017, Lisbon, Portugal, 3-7 July 2017. - 9789729899447 ; , s. 157.1-157.18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in urban green areas has rapidly increased in recent years as the world becomes increasingly urbanized (see e.g., McDonald, 2008, UN-habitat, 2016). This brings new demands for a deeper understanding of the morphology of green areas in cities that provide us with a range of important ecosystem services (ESS) such as evaporative cooling, water purification, micro climate regulation, recreation and even pollination (MA 2005; Andersson et al., 2007). If we also are to support or even enhance such services, we need to make this knowledge accessible for professionals in urban planning and design. In both regards we see the need to bring the fields of landscape ecology and urban morphology closer to each other. This papers addresses this, taking the ESS pollination as point of departure. It has been acknowledged that besides the amount of green, also connectivity between green areas is important for most of these ESS (Alberti, 2008; Kindleman et al., 2008). The critical issue remains how connections are represented. In this paper we propose an alternative approach inspired by space syntax where we introduce a method to capture urban form and their impact on movement behaviour of bumble bees. A first attempt to do so was discussed by Marcus et al. (2014) but instead of drawing connections using space syntax, we here propose to define the resistance to movement using visibility graph analysis (VGA). The level of visual integration can then be calculated based on the number of visual steps it takes to get from one point to any other point within the system. For species that navigate by sight this can be a rather simple and effective way to measure the cost or resistance to move through an urban landscape. To test the method, observation data on bumble bees collected in 16 sites in Stockholm (Ahrné et al., 2009) are used.
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| 4. |
- Rostang, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting Resilient and Healthy Cities for Everyone in an Urban Planning Context by Assessing Green Area Accessibility
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Built Environment. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-3362. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid economic development and population growth has led to urban densification and massive land use changes, putting pressure on both ecosystems, and people. In this context, public health issues have become crucial for cities to address to ensure they remain livable and healthy for everyone. Since the health challenges of cities tend to manifest themselves differently among different population groups—e.g., groups of higher socioeconomic status tend to be correlated with better health than groups of low socioeconomic status—closing the health gap has become a priority for creating healthy cities for everyone. More greenness close to where people live and better accessibility to green areas has been shown to be useful for improving human health and for tackling health inequalities. This paper aims at developing a method for supporting urban planners and policymakers on where to geographically prioritize investments in green infrastructure to contribute to closing the health gap and promote community resilience through improving public health. Using the City of Stockholm as a pilot, we apply a GIS analysis to identify vulnerable population groups in relation to geotagged empirical human health- and socio-economic data. By then assessing vulnerable populations in relation to population numbers and accessibility to urban green areas, an Urban Green Opportunity Map (UGOM) was created, identifying focus areas where investment in green infrastructure will contribute most to closing the health gap and building community resilience.
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