| 1. |
- Bågenholm, Andreas, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction: Quality of Government: Why-What-How
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Quality of Government (eds. Andreas Bågenholm, Monika Bauhr, Marcia Grimes and Bo Rothstein). Oxford: Oxford University Press.. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198858218
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Folke, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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G-FORS Governance for Sustainability: National Report Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: http://www.gfors.eu/58.0.html.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Summary: the SEA Case The Swedish SEA case is a study of the implementation of the EU-directive 2001/42/EC in Göteborg. The study is focusing on Göteborg municipality’s strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of its comprehensive land use plan, ÖPXX. There are several reasons why this particular case is suitable as a part of the GFORS-project. First, the SEA in Göteborg is not finished, but is still under development. This facilitates the collection of empirical data regarding reflexive knowledge, since reflexive knowledge is a fleeting phenomenon that does not usually last over an extended period of time. The case is also suitable because it may be considered a critical case. The study employs process-tracing and builds on a number of different methodological approaches: document studies, interviews, and participating observation of relevant meetings. This combination of methods allows for an analysis of the governance mode and the degree to which reflexive knowledge has been generated throughout the process. The results indicate that the Swedish SEA is developed mainly through a hierarchical governance mode, even though there are elements of networks and markets. There are signs of reflexive knowledge occurring, in the work process as well as in the SEA document. The accumulation of reflexive knowledge does not seem to be correlated with any specific governance mode, however. To conclude, it is quite possible that the Swedish SEA promotes a sustainable development; it is largely comprehensive, well aggregated, and consistent. Also, there have not been any major legitimacy problems during the SEA process. G-FORS National Reports: Sweden Summary: The Particulate Matter Case The Air Quality Framework Directive from 1996 and the following updates has been implemented into the Swedish Environmental Code (SFS 1998:808) as well as the Environmental Quality Norms, EQN (prop. 2000/01:130 and prop. 2004/05:150) and the ordinance on Environmental Quality Norms on Outdoor Air (SFS 2001:527). The areas most affected by PM10 emissions are the three largest cities Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö (in the order of size), and the efforts to control the PM matters have primarily been centered around the establishment around a Measurement Program in order to control and reduce the emissions. As Stockholm was experimenting with a new system with car-congestion fees in 2006, we decided that it would be unwise to select this case for a closer study, as the Stockholm case was too interwoven into governmental bargaining politics, and regional future planning politics. Malmö was also less suitable for selection, as a great deal of its emissions originates from long-distance emissions. Gothenburg was more of an ideal-case, according to the national judicial description of the problem as well as the solutions. PM10 levels started to be measured in Gothenburg at the early 1990s, and soon it was realized that several places exceeded the EQNs. The National Environmental Protection Agency, SEPA, decided that a Measurement Program should be produced by the municipality of Göteborg. Such a program was deliberated and handed into the SEPA by June 2003, but it was rejected as several of the measures were not within the municipal mandate (such as a ban on studded tires and car-tolls). In 2006, the government demanded a new version of the Measurement Program, which finally was settled in May 2006. The action arenas are of a hierarchical multi-level character, where the Government acts through a) the Ministry of Environment, b) the SEPA, and c) the County Administration of Västra Götaland. The local level acts primarily through the municipality of Gothenburg, but in close collaboration with the neighboring municipalities and the County Administration. The actors involved have primarily been bureaucrats at various levels, and politicians to a lesser extent. Representatives for voluntary organizations have been close to totally absent, a few consultants have participated in the process, but primarily as deliverers of data rather than as policy makers. Even when the media discusses the PM emissions, they rather echo the decisions taken by the administrative authorities, rather than echoing any opinion movement. Knowledge does anyhow feed into the process through the bureaucrats at all levels; they pay attention to various types of reports produced in other municipalities as well as by national and international researchers.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bauhr, Monika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Democracy and the Quality of Government
- 2021
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Ingår i: Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198858218 ; , s. 181-201
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Does democracy reduce corruption and improve quality of government? While the corruption-reducing effect of democracy may be seemingly self-evident in light of theoretical expectations, a wealth of empirical literature suggests that democracy is not always as effective as theories predict. Studies consistently demonstrate that newly democratized countries exhibit, on average, higher levels of corruption than more established democracies but also than some autocracies. This chapter takes stock of recent advances in efforts to understand how, whether, and when democracy contributes to weeding out corrupt leaders and government corruption more generally. While research has made notable advances, we suggest that a closer examination of the underlying theory of change and assumptions upon which the beneficial effects of democracy rest can identify new ways forward. We point to a need for greater attention to how, for example, state capacity, transparency, and experiences with different forms of corruption influence civic and electoral engagement against corruption.
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| 8. |
- Bauhr, Monika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Indignation or Resignation: The Implications of Transparency for Societal Accountability
- 2014
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Ingår i: Governance-an International Journal of Policy Administration and Institutions. - : Wiley. - 0952-1895. ; 27:2, s. 291-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International organizations, policy experts, and nongovernmental organizations promote greater governmental transparency as a crucial reform to enhance accountability and curb corruption. Transparency is predicted to deter corruption in part by expanding the possibilities for public or societal accountability, that is, for citizens and citizens associations to monitor, scrutinize, and act to hold public office holders to account. Although the societal accountability mechanism linking transparency and good government is often implied, it builds on a number of assumptions seldom examined empirically. This article unpacks the assumptions of principal-agent theories of accountability and suggests that the logic of collective action can be used to understand why exposure of egregious and endemic corruption may instead demobilize the demos (i.e., resignation) rather than enhance accountability (i.e., indignation). We explore these theoretical contentions and examine how transparency affects three indicators of indignations versus resignation-institutional trust, political involvement, and political interest-given different levels of corruption. The empirical analyses confirm that an increase in transparency in highly corrupt countries tends to breed resignation rather than indignation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bauhr, Monika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Transparency to curb corruption? Concepts, measures and empirical merit
- 2017
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Ingår i: Crime, Law and Social Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-4994 .- 1573-0751. ; 68:4, s. 431-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Author(s) Policymakers and researchers often cite the importance of government transparency for strengthening accountability, reducing corruption, and enhancing good governance. Yet despite the prevalence of such claims, definitional precision is lacking. As a consequence, approaches to measurement have often cast a wide net, in many cases tapping into the capacity of government institutions more generally, resulting in empirical findings that are ambiguous in terms of interpretation. This paper argues that the operationalization and measure of government transparency should be tailored to two main parameters of the phenomenon under investigation: the principals and purpose of the information. We advance a new measure of government transparency argued to be more suitable for the study of the role of government transparency with respect to probity. The data derive from a survey of public administration experts in 102 countries carried out by the Quality of Government Institute and allow for a more reliable analysis of the effects of transparency on reducing corruption, and the analyses suggest that an association indeed exists.
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| 12. |
- Bauhr, Monika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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What is Government Transparency? - New Measures and Relevance for Quality of Government
- 2012
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Ingår i: QOG Working Paper Series. - 1653-8919.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As policymakers and researchers focus increasing attention on the importance of government transparency for accountability and good governance more generally, the demand for greater con-ceptual clarity and authoritative measures of government transparency increases. Transparency advocates maintain that greater access to government information is the sine qua non of greater accountability and better quality of government in the long term. As a concept, transparency is, similar to rule of law or democracy, difficult to capture with single empirical indicators. This paper introduces a set of measures that we argue together capture key components of government trans-parency: government openness, whistleblower protection and likelihood of exposure (or publicity). The transparency data, collected through an expert survey carried out by the Quality of Government Institute, currently cover 52 countries with additional countries to be added in subse-quent surveys. This paper explores these new measures in an effort to determine their validity and robustness.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Boräng, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Cooking the books: Bureaucratic politicization and policy knowledge
- 2018
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Ingår i: Governance. - : Wiley. - 0952-1895 .- 1468-0491. ; 31:1, s. 7-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Accurate knowledge about societal conditions and public policies is an important public good in any polity, yet governments across the world differ dramatically in the extent to which they collect and publish such knowledge. This article develops and tests the argument that this variation to some extent can be traced to the degree of bureaucratic politicization in a polity. A politicized bureaucracy offers politicians greater opportunities to demand from bureaucrats-and raises incentives for bureaucrats to supply-public policy knowledge that is strategically biased or suppressed in a manner that benefits incumbents reputationally. Due to electoral competition, we suggest that the link between bureaucratic politicization and politicized policy knowledge will be stronger in democracies than in autocracies. A case analysis of Argentina's statistical agency lends credence to the underlying causal mechanism. Time-series cross-sectional analyses confirm the broader validity of the expectations and show that the relationship is present only in democracies.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Cornell, Agnes, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Brokering Bureaucrats: How Bureaucrats and Civil Society Facilitate Clientelism Where Parties are Weak
- 2023
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Ingår i: Comparative Political Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0010-4140 .- 1552-3829. ; 56:6, s. 788-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clientelism, the exchange of selective rewards for votes, is fraught with commitment problems and questions remain regarding how it occurs in settings lacking strong parties. In such settings, we argue, bureaucrats can act as brokers using their own networks. Bureaucrats can use their discretionary power to cultivate reciprocal relations with voters and leverage this political capital in negotiations with politicians to secure career advancements. As brokering requires networks, we hypothesize that bureaucrats with connections to civil society are more likely to exhibit brokering behavior, and especially in localities with stronger civil society. Original survey data of bureaucrats (N=1300) in a context of weak parties, Peru’s 25 regions plus the city of Lima, show that bureaucrats with connections to civil society are more likely to exhibit brokering behavior. Political and party connections are weaker predictors of brokering. The paper thus shows how locally connected bureaucrats may aid in coordinating clientelism.
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| 20. |
- Cornell, Agnes, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Institutions as Incentives for Civic Action: Bureaucratic Structures, Civil Society and Disruptive Protests
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Politics. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0022-3816 .- 1468-2508. ; 77:3, s. 664-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the link between political control of government bureaucracies and citizens' likelihood to stage disruptive protests. A public administration heavily controlled by politicians, and staffed to a large extent with political appointees, allows politicians to intervene in policy implementation and favor some groups over others in terms of access to public services. Such a system may induce citizens or civic associations to resort to disruptive actions to express demands and demonstrate political relevance, and thereby secure access to public goods. The effects are hypothesized to be more pronounced where civil society is stronger. We test the arguments empirically on data from 19 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and the findings are consistent with the hypotheses.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969
(författare)
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Democracy's Infrastructure: The Role of Procedural Fairness in Fostering Consent
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several strands of democracy theory posit that citizens ought to consent to political institutions only under the condition that those institutions adhere to fair procedures of decisions making. While this theory linking citizens' consent to the design of decision-making processes may be normatively compelling, our current knowledge of this link in real political life remains incomplete. Which approaches to decision making do citizens view as more, or less, procedurally fair? To what extent do citizens' evaluations of decision-making processes actually affect their willingness to defer to political institutions and to political decisions? Public opinion research has documented a long term decline in citizens' confidence in government in established democratic nations. In addition, citizens are increasingly inclined, and equipped, to contest political decisions. These trends suggest a growing reluctance to consent to political authority. Attempts to explain and interpret these trends abound, yet the theory of procedural fairness remains empirically under explored. The theory of procedural fairness postulates that citizens evaluate decision-making processes, and that these evaluations in turn can either engender or undermine consent to the decision-making authority. Democracy's Infrastructure employs two attitudes as indicators of consent: willingness to accept decisions, and trust for political institutions. The study considers citizens' assessments of decision-making processes along two different conceptualizations of procedural fairness. The first relates to citizens' satisfaction with their own ability to exert influence in the decision-making process. The second draws on a theme in deliberative democracy theory, which suggests that political decision makers should engage in dialogue with constituents, show a willingness to receive and address input from citizens, and provide clear explication of the various alternatives considered and selected. The empirical analyses examine citizens' assessments of seven decision-making processes in a single political issue, the construction of a double-tracked railway along Sweden's west coast. This comparison sheds light on what approaches to decision making citizens evaluate more favorably or critically. Panel data gathered through two mail surveys enable an examination of the causal order in perceived procedural fairness and indicators of consent. The results show that authorities perceived to employ a more deliberative approach are regarded as much more trustworthy and also, though to a lesser extent, are more able to induce citizens to accept the final decision outcome. Citizens' satisfaction with their own influence in the issue also fosters consent, though to a lesser extent. Furthermore, citizens' assessments of their own influence in the issue seem to reflect personal attributes more than the actual availability of opportunities to exert influence.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Government Responsiveness: A Democratic Value with Negative Externalities?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Midwest Political Science Association Annual Meeting, 11-14 April 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Democratic government must balance the mandate to make decisions on behalf of the entire electorate, and also exercise responsiveness to demands articulated via other channels in off-election periods. These two values may be at odds as the use of participatory democratic arrangements expands. Citizens with comparatively greater social and political resources can impress their preferences more effectively upon decision makers, which may result in government that systematically disadvantages citizens already at a disadvantage. This paper finds evidence of such a negative externality of responsive government in Sweden, where ample opportunities for citizen participation exist. Building on a unique dataset covering approximately 120 facilities in 300 census tracts in the Sweden’s second and third largest metropolitan areas, we explore whether residents’ resources (e.g. income, education, voter participation) correlate with the number of unwanted facilities sited in the neighborhood. The paper considers the normative implications, and suggests that while blindness is often seen as an asset in the administration of justice, perhaps a measure of deafness is needed in order to ensure long term fairness in the distribution of societal goods and bads.
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| 30. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Government Responsiveness: A Democratic Value with Negative Externalities?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Political research quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 1065-9129 .- 1938-274X. ; 67:4, s. 758-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political equality and responsiveness to citizens are both central values in democracy. Citizens strong in political resources may, however, impress their preferences upon decision makers more effectively than others, meaning that government responsiveness may possibly exacerbate inequality in policy outcomes, especially if participatory democratic arrangements are prevalent. The article studies these processes empirically, drawing on a dataset of the siting of unwanted facilities in two Swedish cities. Indicative of the tension between equality and responsiveness, we find that residents’ political resources affect facility siting in the local district.
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| 31. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Myndigheters handlingsberedskap
- 2006
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Ingår i: Du stora nya värld: Trettiofyra kapitel om politik, medier och samhälle. SOM-undersökningen 2005 / Sören Holmberg och Lennart Weibull (red). - Göteborg : SOM-institutet. - 9189673093 ; , s. 445-458
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969
(författare)
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Organizing consent: The role of procedural fairness in political trust and compliance
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Political Research. - 0304-4130. ; 45:2, s. 286-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political theory often attributes democratic legitimacy to the fairness of the processes by which collective decisions are taken; empirical research by contrast has primarily investigated whether citizens' approval of democratic institutions derives from satisfaction with the substantive output of those institutions. This article examines whether assessments of decision-making processes shape public willingness to consent to authority. The role of procedural fairness in institutional legitimacy has previously only been investigated in the context of the United States, and has fallen short of demonstrating that procedural assessments actually have a causal effect on institutional legitimacy. Panel survey data of attitudes in a large-scale land use issue provide the empirical base of the analysis. The results indicate that assessments of procedural fairness have a bearing on two conceptualizations of subjective legitimacy: respondents' trust for the authority and their willingness to accept a decision outcome.
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| 33. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Political Corruption
- 2023
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Ingår i: Elgar Encyclopedia of Political Sociology. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803921228
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969
(författare)
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Procedural Justice and Political Trust
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sonja Zmerli S. & Van der Meer T.W.G. (eds) Handbook on Political Trust. - Cheltenham UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78254 510 1 ; , s. 256-269
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969
(författare)
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The Contingencies of Societal Accountability: Examining the Link Between Civil Society and Good Government
- 2013
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Ingår i: Studies in comparative international development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0039-3606 .- 1936-6167. ; 48:4, s. 380-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corruption interferes with and distorts the processes of political decision making and implementation, often to the disadvantage of the already disadvantaged. Yet our understanding of the factors that might propel a political system from lower to higher levels of probity remains speculative. This article examines the role of one category of actors often touted as an important countervailing force to political power: civil society. Existing case study research provides evidence that civil society can play a decisive role in holding public officials accountable, but that the success of such societal accountability is contingent upon a number of favorable contextual and institutional conditions. The analyses presented here use panel country data to examine whether the strength of civil society affects corruption. The results corroborate the findings of existing case studies; a vibrant civil society mitigates corruption but only provided that conditions such as political competition, press freedom, and government transparency exist in the country.
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| 39. |
- Grimes, Marcia, 1969
(författare)
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Transparency
- 2023
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Ingår i: Dictionary of Corruption. - New York, NY : Columbia University Press. - 9781788216593
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A key feature of anti-corruption approaches, transparency denotes the extent to which information is made available about an individual, institution or process, thereby enabling others to have an informed voice in evaluating and holding them accountable for their decisions and actions.
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| 40. |
- Larsson, F., et al.
(författare)
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Societal Accountability and Grand Corruption: How Institutions Shape Citizens’ Efforts to Shape Institutions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Political Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0032-3217 .- 1467-9248. ; 71:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- That civil society activism can strengthen accountability and limit government corruption is theoretically compelling and popular in policy circles. Whether civic engagement can limit grand corruption, and if so in what types of settings, remains an open question. This paper presents the first large-N study of societal accountability with respect to grand corruption. Using objective indicators of procurement corruption from 173 EU regions, the study finds that civil society strength is associated with lower levels of corruption but that the association is not monotonic. Civil society strength seems to constrain procurement corruption where accountability conditions are the least favorable. Where accountability conditions are well-functioning, we find no evidence that societal accountability constrains corruption. The findings help to adjudicate between competing expectations from research on horizontal and societal accountability. Moreover, they confirm that societal accountability can complement horizontal accountability where institutional conditions function sub-optimally, even limiting grand corruption. © The Author(s) 2022.
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| 41. |
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Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research demonstrates that the quality of public institutions is crucial for a number of important environmental, social, economic, and political outcomes, and thereby human well-being broadly conceived. The Quality of Government (QoG) approach directs attention to issues such as impartiality in the exercise of public power, professionalism in public service delivery, effective measures against corruption, and meritocracy instead of patronage and nepotism. The 38 chapters in this handbook offer a comprehensive, state of the art overview of this rapidly expanding research field and also identify viable avenues for future research. The initial chapters focus on theoretical approaches and debates, and the central question of how QoG can be measured. The remaining chapters examine the wealth of empirical research on how QoG relates to democratic accountability, ethnic diversity, human well-being, economic growth, political legitimacy, environmental sustainability, gender equality, social cohesion, and the outbreak of civil conflicts. A third set of chapters turns to the perennial issue of what contextual factors and policy approaches have proven successful (and not so successful) for increasing QoG. The QoG approach both challenges and complements important strands of inquiry in the social sciences. For research about democratization, QoG adds the importance of taking state capacity into account. For economics, the QoG approach shows that in order to produce economic prosperity, markets need to be embedded in institutions with a certain set of qualities. For development studies, QoG emphasizes that issues concerned with corruption are integral to understanding development writ large.
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| 42. |
- Porumbescu, Gregory A., et al.
(författare)
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Capturing the social relevance of government transparency and accountability using a behavioral lens
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Public Administration. - 2576-6465. ; 4:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The link between transparency and accountability is an often discussed feature of good governance. Despite a great deal of attention, this relationship remains poorly understood. We argue that the adoption of a behavioral lens to evaluate the impact of transparency on accountability offers new opportunities to discover novel mechanisms that contribute to a more systematic understanding of when and why increasing government transparency enhances accountability. Shedding light on such mechanisms not only promises to improve existing theory, but to also render transparency more meaningful to the applied world. To make this argument, we highlight findings from four articles that form the basis of this symposium issue and discuss avenues for further research.
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| 43. |
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