| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Walker, Anthony P, et al.
(författare)
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Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 874:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Horizon 2020 Project EuPRAXIA ("European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications") is preparing a conceptual design report of a highly compact and cost-effective European facility with multi-GeV electron beams using plasma as the acceleration medium. The accelerator facility will be based on a laser and/or a beam driven plasma acceleration approach and will be used for photon science, high-energy physics (HEP) detector tests, and other applications such as compact X-ray sources for medical imaging or material processing. EuPRAXIA started in November 2015 and will deliver the design report in October 2019. EuPRAXIA aims to be included on the ESFRI roadmap in 2020.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Dima, Danai, et al.
(författare)
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Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 452-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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| 6. |
- Frangou, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical thickness across the lifespan : Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 431-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Boutet, S., et al.
(författare)
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High-Resolution Protein Structure Determination by Serial Femtosecond Crystallography
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 337:6092, s. 362-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structure determination of proteins and other macromolecules has historically required the growth of high-quality crystals sufficiently large to diffract x-rays efficiently while withstanding radiation damage. We applied serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) to obtain high-resolution structural information from microcrystals (less than 1 micrometer by 1 micrometer by 3 micrometers) of the well-characterized model protein lysozyme. The agreement with synchrotron data demonstrates the immediate relevance of SFX for analyzing the structure of the large group of difficult-to-crystallize molecules.
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| 9. |
- Wierenga, Lara M., et al.
(författare)
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Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 470-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
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| 11. |
- Lewandowska, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of balanced and imbalanced resource supply on biodiversity-functioning relationship across ecosystems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 371:1694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies show that increasing species richness leads to higher ecosystem productivity. This effect is often attributed to more efficient portioning of multiple resources in communities with higher numbers of competing species, indicating the role of resource supply and stoichiometry for biodiversity ecosystern functioning relationships. Here, we merged theory on ecological stoichiometry with a framework of biodiversity ecosystem functioning to understand how resource use transfers into primary production. We applied a structural equation model to define patterns of diversity productivity relationships with respect to available resources. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the findings across ecosystem types ranging from aquatic ecosystems to grasslands and forests. As hypothesized, resource supply increased realized productivity and richness, but we found significant differences between ecosystems and study types. Increased richness was associated with increased productivity, although this effect was not seen in experiments. More even communities had lower productivity, indicating that biomass production is often maintained by a few dominant species, and reduced dominance generally reduced ecosystem productivity. This synthesis, which integrates observational and experimental studies in a variety of ecosystems and geographical regions, exposes common pattems and differences in biodiversity functioning relationships, and increases the mechanistic understanding of changes in ecosystems productivity.
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| 12. |
- Piras, F, et al.
(författare)
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White matter microstructure and its relation to clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA OCD Working Group
- 2021
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 11:1, s. 173-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microstructural alterations in cortico-subcortical connections are thought to be present in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, prior studies have yielded inconsistent findings, perhaps because small sample sizes provided insufficient power to detect subtle abnormalities. Here we investigated microstructural white matter alterations and their relation to clinical features in the largest dataset of adult and pediatric OCD to date. We analyzed diffusion tensor imaging metrics from 700 adult patients and 645 adult controls, as well as 174 pediatric patients and 144 pediatric controls across 19 sites participating in the ENIGMA OCD Working Group, in a cross-sectional case-control magnetic resonance study. We extracted measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) as main outcome, and mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity as secondary outcomes for 25 white matter regions. We meta-analyzed patient-control group differences (Cohen’s d) across sites, after adjusting for age and sex, and investigated associations with clinical characteristics. Adult OCD patients showed significant FA reduction in the sagittal stratum (d = −0.21, z = −3.21, p = 0.001) and posterior thalamic radiation (d = −0.26, z = −4.57, p < 0.0001). In the sagittal stratum, lower FA was associated with a younger age of onset (z = 2.71, p = 0.006), longer duration of illness (z = −2.086, p = 0.036), and a higher percentage of medicated patients in the cohorts studied (z = −1.98, p = 0.047). No significant association with symptom severity was found. Pediatric OCD patients did not show any detectable microstructural abnormalities compared to controls. Our findings of microstructural alterations in projection and association fibers to posterior brain regions in OCD are consistent with models emphasizing deficits in connectivity as an important feature of this disorder.
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| 13. |
- Weeland, CJ, et al.
(författare)
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The thalamus and its subnuclei-a gateway to obsessive-compulsive disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 12:1, s. 70-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Larger thalamic volume has been found in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and children with clinical-level symptoms within the general population. Particular thalamic subregions may drive these differences. The ENIGMA-OCD working group conducted mega- and meta-analyses to study thalamic subregional volume in OCD across the lifespan. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2649 OCD patients and 2774 healthy controls across 29 sites (50 datasets) were processed using the FreeSurfer built-in ThalamicNuclei pipeline to extract five thalamic subregions. Volume measures were harmonized for site effects using ComBat before running separate multiple linear regression models for children, adolescents, and adults to estimate volumetric group differences. All analyses were pre-registered (https://osf.io/73dvy) and adjusted for age, sex and intracranial volume. Unmedicated pediatric OCD patients (<12 years) had larger lateral (d = 0.46), pulvinar (d = 0.33), ventral (d = 0.35) and whole thalamus (d = 0.40) volumes at unadjusted p-values <0.05. Adolescent patients showed no volumetric differences. Adult OCD patients compared with controls had smaller volumes across all subregions (anterior, lateral, pulvinar, medial, and ventral) and smaller whole thalamic volume (d = −0.15 to −0.07) after multiple comparisons correction, mostly driven by medicated patients and associated with symptom severity. The anterior thalamus was also significantly smaller in patients after adjusting for thalamus size. Our results suggest that OCD-related thalamic volume differences are global and not driven by particular subregions and that the direction of effects are driven by both age and medication status.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Gruner, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of experimental warming on biodiversity depend on ecosystem type and local species composition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299. ; 126:1, s. 8-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climatic warming is a primary driver of change in ecosystems worldwide. Here, we synthesize responses of species richness and evenness from 187 experimental warming studies in a quantitative meta-analysis. We asked 1) whether effects of warming on diversity were detectable and consistent across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, 2) if effects on diversity correlated with intensity, duration, and experimental unit size of temperature change manipulations, and 3) whether these experimental effects on diversity interacted with ecosystem types. Using multilevel mixed linear models and model averaging, we also tested the relative importance of variables that described uncontrolled environmental variation and attributes of experimental units. Overall, experimental warming reduced richness across ecosystems (mean log-response ratio = -0.091, 95% bootstrapped CI: -0.13, -0.05) representing an 8.9% decline relative to ambient temperature treatments. Richness did not change in response to warming in freshwater systems, but was more strongly negative in terrestrial (-11.8%) and marine (-10.5%) experiments. In contrast, warming impacts on evenness were neutral overall and in aquatic systems, but weakly negative on land (7.6%). Intensity and duration of experimental warming did not explain variation in diversity responses, but negative effects on richness were stronger in smaller experimental units, particularly in marine systems. Model-averaged parameter estimation confirmed these main effects while accounting for variation in latitude, ambient temperature at the sites of manipulations, venue (field versus lab), community trophic type, and whether experiments were open or closed to colonization. These analyses synthesize extensive experimental evidence showing declines in local richness with increased temperature, particularly in terrestrial and marine communities. However, the more variable effects of warming on evenness were better explained by the random effect of site identity, suggesting that effects on species' relative abundances were contingent on local species composition.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Borland, Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves physical fitness in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation - A randomized controlled study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Translational Sports Medicine. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2573-8488. ; 3:5, s. 415-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this multicenter randomized controlled trial was to compare physiotherapist-led exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (PT-X) with physical activity on prescription (PAP) with regard to physical fitness, physical activity, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), and metabolic risk markers in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Ninety six patients (28 women), age 74 (5) years, and ejection fraction >= 45% were randomized. An exercise tolerance test (primary outcome measure), muscle endurance tests, HR-QoL, physical activity assessments (questionnaire and accelerometer), and blood sampling were performed. The PT-X consisted of 60-minute group sessions and home-based exercise, both twice a week. The PAP consisted of 40 minutes of active walking, 4 times a week. Eighty seven patients completed the study. Exercise tolerance (maximum exercise capacity) improved significantly after PT-X (n = 40) but not after PAP (n = 47) (16 vs -3 W; P < .0001). Muscle endurance also improved after PT-X: shoulder flexion left arm (7 vs -1 repetition; P < .001), heel-lift right leg (4 vs 1 repetition; P < .05), left leg (4 vs -1 repetition; P < .001), and shoulder abduction (17 vs -4 s; P < .010). PAP significantly increased energy expenditure. Health-related quality of life and lab-tests did not differ. PT-X improved physical fitness in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Yun, JY, et al.
(författare)
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Corrigendum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain : a journal of neurology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156. ; 143:5, s. e44-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Bruin, WB, et al.
(författare)
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Structural neuroimaging biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder in the ENIGMA-OCD consortium: medication matters
- 2020
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 10:1, s. 342-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No diagnostic biomarkers are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for OCD, using 46 data sets with 2304 OCD patients and 2068 healthy controls from the ENIGMA consortium. We performed machine learning analysis of regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume and tested classification performance using cross-validation. Classification performance for OCD vs. controls using the complete sample with different classifiers and cross-validation strategies was poor. When models were validated on data from other sites, model performance did not exceed chance-level. In contrast, fair classification performance was achieved when patients were grouped according to their medication status. These results indicate that medication use is associated with substantial differences in brain anatomy that are widely distributed, and indicate that clinical heterogeneity contributes to the poor performance of structural MRI as a disease marker.
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| 23. |
- Gruner-Nielsen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Silica-based highly nonlinear fibers with a high SBS threshold
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE Winter Topicals, WTM 2011. - 9781424484287 ; , s. 171-172
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Results on the suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in highly non linear fibers with both germanium- and aluminum-doped cores based on spooling the fiber with a linear strain gradient are compared and presented.
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| 24. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Graafsma, H., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating hybrid area detectors for storage ring and free-electron laser applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers: Accelerator Physics, Instrumentation and Science Applications. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030232016 - 9783030232009 ; , s. 1225-1255
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hybrid Pixel Array Detectors (HPADs) have a major impact on the science performed at x-ray synchrotron radiation sources. Broadly speaking, HPADs are either of the photon-counting or integrating variety. The success of photoncounting HPADs at storage rings is well described in the contribution by Brönnimann and Trüb. However, for experiments at x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources, as well as for many fast time-resolved measurements at storage ring sources, photon counting is not an option because too many x-ray photons arrive too quickly for counting electronics to keep up with the local count rate. In these cases fast analog integrating systems are mandatory. By using innovative and adaptive front ends, one can achieve both a high dynamic range and a noise sufficiently low for reliable single photon detection. For frame rates above a few tens of kilohertz, temporary in-ASIC frame storage is mandatory. This can either be done in digital or in analog from, each having advantages and disadvantages. HPADs also need to be designed to cope with x-ray damage from extremely high radiation doses provided by current and next-generation x-ray sources. All these developments are summarized, along with some representative groundbreaking experiments performed with integrating HPADs. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
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| 28. |
- Schmidt, H., et al.
(författare)
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Gamma and pulsed electron radiolysis studies of CyMe 4 BTBP and CyMe 4 BTPhen: Identification of radiolysis products and effects on the hydrometallurgical separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0895 .- 0969-806X. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The radiolytic stability of the highly selective ligands CyMe4BTBP and CyMe4BTPhen against ionizing gamma radiation was studied in 1-octanol solution. CyMe4BTBP and CyMe4BTPhen are important extractants for a potential treatment of used nuclear fuel. They were studied under identical experimental conditions to directly compare the effects of gamma and pulsed electron radiolysis on the ligands and systematically study the influence of structural changes in the ligand backbone. Distribution ratios of Am3+, Cm3+ and Eu3+, the residual concentration of CyMe4BTBP and CyMe4BTPhen in solution, and the formation of radiolysis products were studied as a function of absorbed gamma dose and presence of an acidic aqueous phase during irradiation. Quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses were used to elucidate the radiolysis mechanism for both ligands. Addition products of alpha-hydroxyoctyl radicals formed through radiolysis of the 1-octanol diluent to the ligand molecules were identified as the predominant radiolysis products. These addition products also extract trivalent metal ions, as distribution ratios remained high although the parent molecule concentrations decreased. Therefore, the utilization time of a solvent using these extractants under the harsh conditions of used nuclear fuel treatment could be considerably longer than expected. Understanding the radiolysis mechanism is crucial for designing more radiation resistant extractants.
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