| 1. |
- Sunds, Anne Vuholm, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of bovine milk oligosaccharides in native North European cattle breeds
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Dairy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-6946. ; 114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Milk oligosaccharides are of high interest due to their bioactive properties. This study is the first to characterise milk oligosaccharides from native North European cattle breeds, as represented by 80 milk samples collected from eight native breeds originated from Norway (Norwegian Doela cattle and Norwegian Telemark cattle), Sweden (Swedish Mountain cattle), Denmark (Danish Red anno 1970), Iceland (Icelandic cattle), Lithuania (native Lithuanian Black and White) and Finland (Western Finncattle and Eastern Finncattle). Using high-performance liquid-chromatography chip/quadrupole time-of-flight mass-spectrometry, 18 unique monosaccharide compositions and a multitude of isomers were identified. No N-glycolylneuraminic acid was identified among these breeds. Western Finncattle milk was most abundant in neutral, acidic and fucosylated oligosaccharides. Further, Eastern Finncattle milk was significantly higher in acidic oligosaccharides and Icelandic cattle milk significantly higher in fucosylated oligosaccharides, compared to the mean. This study highlights specific native breeds of particular interest for future exploitation of milk oligosaccharides and breeding strategies.
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| 2. |
- Sunds, Anne Vuholm, et al.
(författare)
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Naturally occurring glycosidases in milk from native cattle breeds : Activity and consequences on free and protein bound-glycans
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1989. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the extent of variation and activity of naturally occurring milk glycosidases and their potential to degrade milk glycans. A multi-omics approach was used to investigate the relationship between glycosidases and important bioactive compounds such as free oligo-saccharides and O-linked glycans in bovine milk. Using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) assays activities of eight indigenous glycosidases were determined, and by mass spectrometry and1H NMR spectroscopy various substrates and metabolite products were quantified in a subset of milk samples from eight native North European cattle breeds. The results showed a clear variation in glycosidase activities among the native breeds. Interestingly, negative correlations between some glycosidases including β-galactosidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, certain oligosaccharide isomers as well as O-linked glycans of κ-casein were revealed. Further, a positive correlation was found for free fucose content and α-fucosidase activity (r = 0.37, P-value < 0.001) indicating cleavage of fucosylated glycans in milk at room temperature. The results obtained suggest that milk glycosidases might partially degrade valuable glycans, which would result in lower recovery of glycans and thus represent a loss for the dairy ingredients industry if these activities are pronounced.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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NORDIC COURSE DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN AN EMERGING FIELD OF ENGINEERING
- 2022
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Ingår i: 18th CDIO International Conference, CDIO 2022 - Proceedings. - : Reykjavík University. - 9789935965561 ; , s. 659-669
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four decades ago, a specific engineering BSc study program in Fire Safety Engineering was formed at Lund University, Sweden, and several Nordic universities have since included courses on such subjects in their own BSc og MSc programmes. The field of fire safety engineering encompasses topics from a wide range of engineering disciplines, including mathematics, physics, chemistry and advanced engineering courses such as heat transfer, thermodynamics and fluid dynamics. It is not immediately obvious how to balance the need for knowledge from fundamental, applied and specific courses to be taught within the discipline of fire safety engineering. Long standing cooperation across 12 Nordic universities and research institutions has made this distinction clearer and most recently this network secured Nordic funding for three years for a specific cooperation program in education, including PhD exchange programs and the development of a summer school for students of engineering, focusing on fire safety and energy. Specifically, four of these universities, through the authors of this paper, have been cooperating for a number of years within one of the key courses called "Enclosure Fire Dynamics", the study of how a fire develops in a building and how engineering methods based on classical physics and chemistry can be used to simulate the environment due to fire, allowing engineers and designers to test and compare various possible design solutions regarding building fire safety. This has required careful development of educational material in close cooperation between Nordic universities, following the CDIO principles. The fruitful cooperation has resulted in the production of comprehensive educational material such as textbooks, homework assignments, laboratory instructions and computer labs, to name a few examples of results. Most of the material is free of charge and available on the internet. This paper provides an example of how this has been achieved by a cross-Nordic collaboration on providing and developing educational material in an emerging engineering discipline.
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| 4. |
- Pyko, Andrei, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Exposure to Transportation Noise and Ischemic Heart Disease: A Pooled Analysis of Nine Scandinavian Cohorts.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 131:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transportation noise may induce cardiovascular disease, but the public health implications are unclear.The study aimed to assess exposure-response relationships for different transportation noise sources and ischemic heart disease (IHD), including subtypes.Pooled analyses were performed of nine cohorts from Denmark and Sweden, together including 132,801 subjects. Time-weighted long-term exposure to road, railway, and aircraft noise, as well as air pollution, was estimated based on residential histories. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models following adjustment for lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors.A total of 22,459 incident cases of IHD were identified during follow-up from national patient and mortality registers, including 7,682 cases of myocardial infarction. The adjusted HR for IHD was 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.05] per 10 dB Lden for both road and railway noise exposure during 5 y prior to the event. Higher risks were indicated for IHD excluding angina pectoris cases, with HRs of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.08) and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) per 10 dB Lden for road and railway noise, respectively. Corresponding HRs for myocardial infarction were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.05) and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.08). Increased risks were observed for aircraft noise but without clear exposure-response relations. A threshold at around 55 dB Lden was suggested in the exposure-response relation for road traffic noise and IHD.Exposure to road, railway, and aircraft noise in the prior 5 y was associated with an increased risk of IHD, particularly after exclusion of angina pectoris cases, which are less well identified in the registries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10745.
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| 5. |
- Roswall, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term exposure to traffic noise and risk of incident colon cancer : A pooled study of eleven Nordic cohorts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundColon cancer incidence is rising globally, and factors pertaining to urbanization have been proposed involved in this development. Traffic noise may increase colon cancer risk by causing sleep disturbance and stress, thereby inducing known colon cancer risk-factors, e.g. obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption, but few studies have examined this.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between traffic noise and colon cancer (all, proximal, distal) in a pooled population of 11 Nordic cohorts, totaling 155,203 persons.MethodsWe identified residential address history and estimated road, railway, and aircraft noise, as well as air pollution, for all addresses, using similar exposure models across cohorts. Colon cancer cases were identified through national registries. We analyzed data using Cox Proportional Hazards Models, adjusting main models for harmonized sociodemographic and lifestyle data.ResultsDuring follow-up (median 18.8 years), 2757 colon cancer cases developed. We found a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99–1.10) per 10-dB higher 5-year mean time-weighted road traffic noise. In sub-type analyses, the association seemed confined to distal colon cancer: HR 1.06 (95% CI: 0.98–1.14). Railway and aircraft noise was not associated with colon cancer, albeit there was some indication in sub-type analyses that railway noise may also be associated with distal colon cancer. In interaction-analyses, the association between road traffic noise and colon cancer was strongest among obese persons and those with high NO2-exposure.DiscussionA prominent study strength is the large population with harmonized data across eleven cohorts, and the complete address-history during follow-up. However, each cohort estimated noise independently, and only at the most exposed façade, which may introduce exposure misclassification. Despite this, the results of this pooled study suggest that traffic noise may be a risk factor for colon cancer, especially of distal origin.
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| 6. |
- Scott, Samuel W., et al.
(författare)
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Valgarður : a database of the petrophysical, mineralogical, and chemical properties of Icelandic rocks
- 2023
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 15:3, s. 165-1195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Valgarður database is a compilation of data describing the physical and geochemical properties of Icelandic rocks. The dataset comprises 1166 samples obtained from fossil and active geothermal systems as well as from relatively fresh volcanic rocks erupted in subaerial or subaqueous environments. The database includes petrophysical properties (connected and total porosity, grain density, permeability, electrical resistivity, acoustic velocities, rock strength, and thermal conductivity) as well as mineralogical and geochemical data obtained by point counting, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) analyses. The database may be accessed at 10.5281/zenodo.6980231 (Scott et al., 2022a). We present the database and use it to characterize the relationship between lithology, alteration, and petrophysical properties. The motivation behind this database is to (i) aid in the interpretation of geophysical data, including uncertainty estimations; (ii) facilitate the parameterization of numerical reservoir models; and (iii) improve the understanding of the relationship between rock type, hydrothermal alteration, and petrophysical properties.
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| 7. |
- Sveinsdóttir, Hildur I., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of antioxidants on the sensory quality and physicochemical stability of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) fillets during frozen storage
- 2020
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to evaluate the shelf-life of mechanically filleted well-fed Atlantic mackerel during frozen storage at −25 °C and effect of treatment with antioxidants (sodium erythorbate and a polyphosphate mixture) and different antioxidant application methods (dipping, spraying and glazing). Both physicochemical measurements and sensory analysis were applied. Antioxidant treatments prolonged shelf-life of mackerel. Sensory analysis indicated that untreated fillets had a shelf-life of less than 2.5 months, while all antioxidant treated fillets exceeded that. The most effective treatment, dipping fillets into a sodium erythorbate solution, yielding a shelf-life of 15 months. Physicochemical methods used to evaluate degradation of lipids in the fillets were free fatty acids (FFA), lipid hydroperoxides (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). They did not correlate with sensory results and might therefore be a questionable choice for evaluation of oxidation and development of rancid flavour and odour in complex matrixes such as Atlantic mackerel.
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| 8. |
- Thacher, Jesse D., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to long-term source-specific transportation noise and incident breast cancer : A pooled study of eight Nordic cohorts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Environmental noise is an important environmental exposure that can affect health. An association between transportation noise and breast cancer incidence has been suggested, although current evidence is limited. We investigated the pooled association between long-term exposure to transportation noise and breast cancer incidence.Methods: Pooled data from eight Nordic cohorts provided a study population of 111,492 women. Road, railway, and aircraft noise were modelled at residential addresses. Breast cancer incidence (all, estrogen receptor (ER) positive, and ER negative) was derived from cancer registries. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox Proportional Hazards Models, adjusting main models for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables together with long-term exposure to air pollution.Results: A total of 93,859 women were included in the analyses, of whom 5,875 developed breast cancer. The median (5th–95th percentile) 5-year residential road traffic noise was 54.8 (40.0–67.8) dB Lden, and among those exposed, the median railway noise was 51.0 (41.2–65.8) dB Lden. We observed a pooled HR for breast cancer (95 % confidence interval (CI)) of 1.03 (0.99–1.06) per 10 dB increase in 5-year mean exposure to road traffic noise, and 1.03 (95 % CI: 0.96–1.11) for railway noise, after adjustment for lifestyle and sociodemographic covariates. HRs remained unchanged in analyses with further adjustment for PM2.5 and attenuated when adjusted for NO2 (HRs from 1.02 to 1.01), in analyses using the same sample. For aircraft noise, no association was observed. The associations did not vary by ER status for any noise source. In analyses using <60 dB as a cutoff, we found HRs of 1.08 (0.99–1.18) for road traffic and 1.19 (0.95–1.49) for railway noise.Conclusions: We found weak associations between road and railway noise and breast cancer risk. More high-quality prospective studies are needed, particularly among those exposed to railway and aircraft noise before conclusions regarding noise as a risk factor for breast cancer can be made.
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