| 1. |
- Burman, Monica, 1962-
(författare)
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Straffrätt och mäns våld mot kvinnor : Om straffrättens förmåga att producera jämställdhet
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Men’s physical and psychological violence against women in intimate relationships is a serious social problem and contravenes the political goal of gender equality. Over the last few decades men’s violence against women has become a central issue in Swedish gender equality politics. Criminal law reforms have been carried through with the objective of enhancing criminal legal protection for women and promoting gender equality. The starting point of this thesis, however, is that the ability of criminal law to promote gender equality must be questioned. Instead criminal law is at risk of producing and reproducing hindrances to gender equality and criminal legal protection for women. It is such processes in criminal law that are explored and analysed in this thesis, inspired by feminist legal theory and social constructionist theory, and through the application of discourse analysis. The main purpose of the thesis is to explore and analyze how violence, perpetrator and victim are constructed in the criminal legal discourse of men’s physical and psychological violence against women in intimate relationships and what legal or social consequences these constructions might have. A second aim of the thesis is to throw a light on and analyze two major criminal legal aspects of men’s physical and psychological violence against women in intimate relationships. Firstly, how criminal law deals with issues of responsibility for the violence. Secondly, how questions about the use of criminal law are linked to possibilities and problems from a crime victim-perspective. The analysis indicates two major problem areas. In the first, the victim is treated in relation to stereotypical conceptions of women exposed to violence. A male-gendered discourse on responsibility limits the possibilities for women to behave as actors in relation to men and still being offered the subject position of victim. In addition, a focus on questions such as “Why doesn’t she leave?” and “Why doesn’t she cooperate with the criminal justice system?” produces an understanding of the main problem of violence as being related to the victim. The second problem area concerns a tension between how criminal legal reforms, aimed at enhancing criminal legal protection for women and promoting gender equality, have been justified by the legislator and how mainstream criminal legal scholarship argues in the issue of use of criminal law.
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| 2. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Policy Instruments towards a sustainable waste management
- 2016
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Ingår i: Solid waste management: Policy and planning for a sustainable society. - : Apple Academic Press. - 9781771883740 - 9780429091650 ; , s. 185-246, s. 185-246
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Pettersson, Andreas, 1973-
(författare)
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Out and about in the welfare state : the right to transport in everyday life for people with disabilities in Swedish, Danish and Norwegian law
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to identify how a social citizenship for people with disabilities is shaped bythe normative structures in the Swedish, Danish and Norwegian law governing their right to transportin everyday life. The thesis deals with three types of transport provided by the public to private individuals: transport services, car allowances, and cash benefits for reimbursing transport costs forpeople with disabilities. For each provision, the focus of the study is directed by the followingquestions:– Is there a rights/duties relationship between the public and the individual? Who is eligible forprovision? How does public funding impact entitlement? Who is obliged to provide? What are thelegal guarantees for entitlement?Despite objectives within Nordic law and policy that people with disabilities should be compensated for their impairments, and allowed to lead independent and autonomous lives, the results from the thesis show that the various transport provisions do not fully realize this. The legal relations between the public and those with needs for transport in their everyday lives are characterized by control, scrutiny and questioning. In order to protect the public budgets from costs, the eligibility criteria in the law are so constructed as to ensure that only certain needs for transport, and only some impairments, can meet them. The national, regional and municipal governments, and the administrative courts, subject people with disabilities to intrusive inquiries regarding personal details and other circumstances in their lives, in order to be able to judge which needs for transport are to be considered legitimate and which are not.The thesis shows that the individual rights to, especially, Swedish and Norwegian transport provisions are poorly protected against political decisions to cut funding. Local and regional self-governance isan interest that always competes with individual legal rights and make them weaker, irrespective of whether these rights can be appealed in administrative courts.The conclusion in the thesis highlights how a social citizenship is shaped in the law governing the right to transport for people with disabilities, and that this social citizenship does not reinforce independence and individual autonomy for those who are dependent on the various provisions tomeet their needs for transport in their everyday lives.
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| 4. |
- Remling, Elise, 1986-
(författare)
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Adaptation, now? : Exploring the Politics of Climate Adaptation through Poststructuralist Discourse Theory
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increasing evidence of anthropogenic climate change and the recognition that warming is likely to go beyond 2°C raises the need for responses that help people cope with the anticipated changes. The rise of attention to so-called climate adaptation on political agendas at the local, national and international scale has come about with a hastily growing field of academic knowledge production. But while adaptation choices are inherently political, adaptation has been largely considered a ‘problem free’ process and ‘tame’ challenge; only a relatively small strand of scholarly work engages in critical enquiry into the idea of adaptation, the discursive practices through which it is imagined, and related questions of power and politics.Responding to calls for more attention to the socio-political dimensions of adaptation and for conceptually embedded research, this thesis investigates the creation, interpretation and use of adaptation as a concept in research, policy and practice. Drawing on Poststructuralist Discourse Theory and the so-called Logics of Critical Explanation in particular, it develops a perspective through which the politics of adaptation can be investigated in a theoretically and methodologically consistent and transparent manner. Through a close analysis of official adaptation discourses at the international level, the EU level, and the national level in Germany, the thesis enquires into the discursive practices around adaptation responses and what these different discourses open up or limit in terms of broader implications for political action.The contributions of the thesis are empirical, methodological and conceptual. In addition to providing critical insights into contemporary understandings of adaptation, including revealing some depoliticising ‘building blocks’ in conventional adaptation discourses, the thesis makes two important conceptual contributions to the growing field of critical adaptation studies: (1) It suggests that the increasing interconnectedness between people and places makes it impossible to know whether adaptation efforts undertaken have in reality reduced net vulnerability or simply shuffled vulnerability across the board. Ignoring the potential for such redistributive effects can have significant consequences in practice and will likely lead to unsustainable and, in the long run, maladaptive outcomes. (2) It argues that non-rational and affective dimensions are vital to the emergence of adaptation responses and that paying attention to them is important if critical scholarship is to understand and intervene in the persistence of techno-managerial approaches to adaptation. Furthermore, to the field of critical policy studies this thesis makes a methodological contribution by developing a new analytical framework for poststructuralist policy analysis.
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| 5. |
- Ulander-Wänman, Carin, 1956-
(författare)
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Företrädesrätt till återanställning
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focus on the priority right to re-employment in Section 25 of the Swedish Employment Security Act (LAS). The study highlights how power relationships between employers, trade unions and employees with the priority right to re-employment are constructed in the Regulation, and what consequences these relationships have for an employee with the priority right to re-employment. A further aim was to analyse the practical application and function of this Regulation in society. Analysis of the regulation indicates that the managerial prerogative has the strongest position when an employee terminates employment due to scarcity of work or when management decides how to meet new manpower needs. The individual employee is subordinated to both employers and trade unions collective interests and power. Analysis of the Regulation in practical applications indicates that, in the period under study, one-third of the employees with priority right to re-employment were rehired pursuant to Section 25 of LAS. The findings also indicate that 10 % of salaried employees were rehired with reference to the same Section. The most common explanation given for not rehiring an employee was insufficient qualifications. The “flexicurity” concept has been advocated in the European Union. This concept involves a shift from employment security in relation to a single employer to employment security in relation to the labour market as a whole. This development may affect the function of the priority right to re-employment. If protecting established employees’ employability were indeed a political goal, this would presume changes or supplementary adjustments in Swedish jurisprudence. Such adjusted regulation should focus on the individual employee, not only in terms of retaining existing employment and/or return to prior employment, but in the requirement to be employable on the labour market as a whole.
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| 6. |
- Burman, Monica, Professor, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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En berättelse om uppkomst och fall av en kritisk rättsvetenskaplig genusmiljö
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dette brenner jeg for!. - Bergen : Fagbokforlaget. - 9788245033120 ; , s. 59-84
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta kapitel innehåller en berättelse om och våra reflektioner kring erfarenheter av en påtvingad nedläggning under 2018 av forsknings- och utbildningsmiljön Juridiskt forum (Umeå Forum for Studies on Law and Society). Vi börjar i en meta-berättelse om utveckling, framgång, motstånd och fall. Ur denna berättelse har två teman utkristalliserats: Exkludering av genusrättsvetenskap från utbildning och forskning samt Genusrättsvetenskap och genusrättsvetenskapare som arbetsmiljöproblem(et). Dessa kontextualiseras som uttryck för den rättsdogmatiska traditionens motstånd mot de kritiska ontologiska och epistemologiska utmaningar som den nordiska genusrättsvetenskapliga traditionen och socio-rättsliga studier representerar. Vi hävdar att motståndet på institutionell, akademisk och personlig nivå i grunden handlar om en djup oförmåga och ovilja att hantera mångfald, kritik och utveckling. När nu denna kamp är över, och vår gränsöverskridande, kritiska miljö har eliminerats så finns det ändå inga vinnare. Istället anser vi att utvecklingspotentialen för den snäva rättsvetenskap som produceras i Umeå idag är låg, vilket underminerar möjligheterna till att uppfylla förändringsbehov i juristutbildningen. Motstånd har ständigt varit närvarande under genusrättsvetenskapens nära 40-åriga nordiska historia och andra starka genusrättsvetenskapliga miljöer och enskilda forskare har gått liknande öden till mötes som vårt. Ändå slutar inte vår berättelse i pessimism. Nedläggningen av Juridiskt forum kan inte hindra utvecklingen. Genusrättsvetenskapen i Norden har satt sig och utvecklas starkt som akademiskt ämne. Efterfrågan är stor från juriststudenter och volymen på expertuppdrag, forskning och publikationer är omfattande. Viktiga samhällsutmaningar ställer nya kunskapskrav på framtidens jurister. Genus och rätt är utan tvekan en del av denna kunskapsutveckling i Norden.
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| 7. |
- Gunnarsson, Åsa, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic dependence and self-support in family, tax and social law
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordic equality at a crossroads. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9781351152327 - 9780815390732 ; , s. 135-166
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter analyzes the internal contradictions of family, tax and social welfare law with regard to their implicit assumptions of family and dependence. It explores how law can contribute to the resurrection of gender inequalities, an approach other than the traditional one is needed. The chapter utilizes a descriptive approach in order to identify how sex inequalities are resurrected in sex-neutral legislation. It shows how residence-related family support benefits and social assistance provisions are based on a presumption of maintenance obligations within the family. Contemporary Swedish family law is characterized by secularism, individualism and equality. Economic independence for women is a central policy goal for sex equality. Residence-based benefits are primarily based on the need for support. The common feature of these benefits is that they are supposed to provide basic welfare security for families with children.
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| 8. |
- Gunnarsson, Åsa, 1958-
(författare)
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Skatterättvisa
- 1995
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An equitable distribution of the tax burden is a fundamental value in the justification of the tax law. The concrete application of theoretical principles for an equitable distribution of the tax burden takes place in tax legislation through applying principles of law of the ethical and social policy categories. The concrete application of an efficient allocation of resources takes place by applying principles of law establishing neutrality of taxation. These fundamental principles of law therefore act as a meeting point between the basic values and objectives of the legislation on the one hand and the legal rules such as they are formed by statutes and case law on the other hand. Concepts as central in this context as those of equitable distribution and the efficient allocation of resources represent two different aspects on the function of the public economy. In certain contexts these concepts may even be conflicting.The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the principles of an equitable distribution of the tax burden. This is done from the perspective of the theories of law and of taxation. The intention has also been to study the normative influence of these legal principles on the definition of the tax bases for income tax, net wealth tax, and consumption taxes. Moreover, some light will be shed on the contradiction between certain principles of equity and the principle of neutrality of taxation in relation to the more general objective of efficiency in the national economy.The analysis shows the legislators’ difficulties in upholding normative coherence when transforming principles into legislation. Sometimes the equity principles are used more as a legitimizing front than as a guide for establishing the material contents of the tax law.
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Activated carbon from kraft lignin : A sorbent for in situ remediation of contaminated sediments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental technology and innovation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1864. ; 7, s. 160-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new type of activated carbon derived from Kraft lignin, separated from black liquor in the paper pulp process, was evaluated for its use as an alternative sorbent to commercial powdered activated carbons (AC) from anthracite (ACCOAL) or coconut (ACBIO) for remediation in situ of contaminated sediments. Two types of kraft lignins (KL): (1) softwood (SKL), (2) hardwood (HKL) were first evaluated for their sorption to PAHs using assays in water with passive samplers (POMs). Results showed that without further chemical modifications the two kraft lignins tested had lower sorption coefficients than commercial ACCOAL or ACBIO and are not good sorbents for remediation. Following these initial tests a new type of AC derived from softwood (ACSKL) was produced in the lab using activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) (lignin:KOH, 1:3 by dry weight) and pyrolysis at 700 °C. Sorption properties of the new ACSKL was compared to the other ACs in water spiked with PAHs and in water with PAH-contaminated sediment. Sorption results were also compared to bioavailability measurements, using digestive fluid extraction (DFE) in vitro, a method that mimics the solubilization of contaminants that occurs in the gut of a sediment-ingesting invertebrate. ACSKL was found to have similar surface area, pore volume and sorption coefficients as ACCOAL and ACBIO and thus offers a new potential sorbent for remediation, based on a more renewable biomass-derived source than AC from coal. Sediment amendment with 1% AC-SKL reduced the bioavailability of larger PAHs on average by 54% (measured by DFE), and reduced pore water concentrations of ΣPAH by 80% (measured with passive samplers). Our results show that a new type of AC based on softwood kraft lignin, a renewable and locally produced biomass material, could be used as an alternative sorbent for sediment and water remediation provided it is produced in sufficient amount and at a competitive price compared to other traditional ACs.
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| 10. |
- Mannelqvist, Ruth, 1966-
(författare)
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Samband i socialförsäkringen : en rättsvetenskaplig studie av sambandet mellan förmåner och avgifter i socialförsäkringen
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, the concept of a connection between benefits and contributions in social insurance is strong. The opinion is based on an understanding that social security law in constructed upon the same principles as private insurance. This concept of links between benefits and contributions makes it important to review the legal systems of social security.The purpose of this study is to analyse the legal principles behind social insurance law. The legal definition of social insurance in Sweden does not include legal principles but rests instead on an enumeration of the public authorities that administer various benefits. The definition is pragmatic and adapted to European Community law. Legal principles can be revealed by studying the variety of different values underlying the legal system of social security. The principles behind social security law are based on just distribution and effectiveness and social security legislation is often constructed as a social right. Social insurance exhibits a number of characteristic legal features or principles which differ from private insurances. Social insurance is a public and compulsory scheme, based on redistribution. Different benefits within the insurance system are designed to cover income loss and, in general, there is no individual means testing. This can also be described as the principle of compensation for lost income. Furthermore there are benefits that are not related to risks and the legislation is based on formal legal sex neutrality. The social security scheme is primarily financed by taxes and mandatory contributions. Social insurance contributions exhibit the same or similar criteria as fiscal policies and tax law. Thus the link between contributions and benefits in the social security system is very weak.The insurance system can be restructured on the basis of social insurance legal principles. In this thesis various benefits have been systematized from a life-cycle perspective. Income is an important concept in social security law and common to these benefits is that they are based on the principle of compensation for lost income. Gender issue becomes easily visible and possible to analyse and within the life-cycle context unemployment, parental and pension insurances are analysed from the perspective of sex equality.To achieve a connection in social security, both benefits and contributions have to be based on the same calculation of income. The concept of income, however, has different meanings in social security legislation. Concepts of income vary both within and between benefits and contributions. The analysis show that legal norms and principles differ between benefits and contributions within the social security system and it is therefore hard to find a connection between them.
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| 11. |
- Snellman, Marie-Louise, 1974-
(författare)
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"Det är ju inte hela tiden bara lycka heller" : äldre kvinnors berättade liv- om arbete, omsorg och åldrande i landsbygdsmiljö
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Even though ageing in Western society has been a major issue in research and politics in recent years, there is still a distinct lack of knowledge about elderly people and their experiences. As much of the ongoing research has focused mainly on the oldest of the old and elderly people in need of public care, research about elderly people in general is needed. Ageing in a rural environment is of interest, because research about the elderly and ageing generally concerns urban areas. The study of old women has grown during the last decades in the academic fields of social gerontology and feminist studies. Older women’s disadvantaged position has been highlighted from a structural perspective. This knowledge needs to be combined with knowledge from a micro level in order to make other experiences of being an older woman visible. The importance of considering ageing as an integral part of life has been stressed by social gerontological research during the last decades. The focus of this thesis is the life stories of ten women aged between 75 and 85 years of age. The study has two main aims: firstly, to analyse the diverse meanings involved in being a woman who was born between 1920 and 1930, and lives in the Swedish or Finnish rural countryside. Secondly, the aim is to highlight and analyse how caring is reflected in the women’s stories about their lives. A broad understanding of caring as a fundamental condition for human existence is stressed in the thesis. Life stories are never complete, nor do they cover the totality of a life lived. The life story is a story told from a certain perspective in a specific situation and the meaning in the life stories is produced through interaction with the researcher. The women who participated in the study have lived their lives through major societal transformations. Historical events that have affected women’s rights, possibilities and conditions, have served as a framework for understanding the women’s life stories in a wider context. Structural and individual conditions have been taken into account, and indicate that the enabling and limiting conditions are both multi-dimensional and vary from individual to individual. A contextual framing is needed to understand expressions of care in the life stories. The life stories make visible caring as changeable; caring is carried out differently in different contexts and situations. An extended understanding of caring makes it possible to gain additional insights into meaningful expressions of caring during the life course, and these insights reach beyond conventional definitions in theories on caring.
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