| 1. |
- Smith, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature (London). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 533:7604, s. 539-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 3. |
- Langefeld, Carl D., et al.
(författare)
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Transancestral mapping and genetic load in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with marked gender and ethnic disparities. We report a large transancestral association study of SLE using Immunochip genotype data from 27,574 individuals of European (EA), African (AA) and Hispanic Amerindian (HA) ancestry. We identify 58 distinct non-HLA regions in EA, 9 in AA and 16 in HA (similar to 50% of these regions have multiple independent associations); these include 24 novel SLE regions (P < 5 x 10(-8)), refined association signals in established regions, extended associations to additional ancestries, and a disentangled complex HLA multigenic effect. The risk allele count (genetic load) exhibits an accelerating pattern of SLE risk, leading us to posit a cumulative hit hypothesis for autoimmune disease. Comparing results across the three ancestries identifies both ancestry-dependent and ancestry-independent contributions to SLE risk. Our results are consistent with the unique and complex histories of the populations sampled, and collectively help clarify the genetic architecture and ethnic disparities in SLE.
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| 4. |
- Lyons, Paul A, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically Distinct Subsets within ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 367:3, s. 214-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a severe condition encompassing two major syndromes: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegeners granulomatosis) and microscopic polyangiitis. Its cause is unknown, and there is debate about whether it is a single disease entity and what role ANCA plays in its pathogenesis. We investigated its genetic basis. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMETHODS less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanA genomewide association study was performed in a discovery cohort of 1233 U. K. patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and 5884 controls and was replicated in 1454 Northern European case patients and 1666 controls. Quality control, population stratification, and statistical analyses were performed according to standard criteria. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanWe found both major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) and non-MHC associations with ANCA-associated vasculitis and also that granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis were genetically distinct. The strongest genetic associations were with the antigenic specificity of ANCA, not with the clinical syndrome. Anti-proteinase 3 ANCA was associated with HLA-DP and the genes encoding alpha(1)-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) and proteinase 3 (PRTN3) (P = 6.2x10(-89), P = 5.6x10(-12), and P = 2.6x10(-7), respectively). Anti-myeloperoxidase ANCA was associated with HLA-DQ (P = 2.1x10(-8)). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThis study confirms that the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis has a genetic component, shows genetic distinctions between granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis that are associated with ANCA specificity, and suggests that the response against the autoantigen proteinase 3 is a central pathogenic feature of proteinase 3 ANCA-associated vasculitis. These data provide preliminary support for the concept that proteinase 3 ANCA-associated vasculitis and myeloperoxidase ANCA-associated vasculitis are distinct autoimmune syndromes. (Funded by the British Heart Foundation and others.)
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| 5. |
- Sorgenfrei, Simon, Docent, et al.
(författare)
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Mångreligiositet och sekularitet i svenskt polisväsende, vård, skola och offentlig förvaltning : en forskningsöversikt
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under de senaste decennierna har Sverige genomgått stora demografiska och politiska förändringar. Tillsammans har dessa inneburit att Sverige idag samtidigt är ett av Europas mest sekulariserade och mest mångreligiösa länder. Den snabba demografiska förändring Sverige har genomgått har ställt många inför nya, stora och i vissa fall skyndsamma kunskapsbehov samtidigt är forskningen om situationen delvis eftersatt. I denna rapport identifieras hur den nya situationen relaterar till det lagstadgade uppdrag som svenskt polisväsende, vård, skola och offentlig förvaltning har. Den forskning som gjorts inom dessa områden sammanfattas och de viktigaste forskningsbehoven identifieras.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sparv, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Analgesic Effect of Oxygen in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction : A Substudy of the DETO2X-AMI Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 39, s. 546-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: In this substudy of the DETO2X-AMI (An Efficacy and Outcome Study of Supplemental Oxygen Treatment in Patients With Suspected Myocardial Infarction) trial, the authors aimed to assess the analgesic effect of moderate-flow oxygen supplementation in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to study the effect of oxygen supplementation on the use of opiates and sedatives during PCI. Background: Routine oxygen in normoxemic patients with AMI does not provide clinical benefit. However, oxygen may relieve ischemic pain. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to oxygen or ambient air according to the main study protocol. After PCI, peak level of pain during PCI was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale. The total amount of opiates and sedatives was reported. Results: A total of 622 patients were enrolled: 330 in the oxygen group and 292 in the ambient air group. There was no significant difference in peak level of pain (oxygen 4.0 [1.0 to 6.0] vs. air 3.0 [0.6 to 6.0]; p = 0.37), use of opiates (mg) (oxygen 0.0 [0.0 to 3.0] vs. air 0.0 [0.0 to 3.0]; p = 0.31), or use of sedatives between the groups (median [interquartile range]) (oxygen 2.5 [0.0 to 2.5] vs. air 2.5 [0.0 to 2.5]; p = 0.74). Conclusions: In the present study, the authors did not find any analgesic effect of routine oxygen as compared with ambient air, and no differences in the use of sedatives and opiates during PCI. Our results indicate that moderate-flow oxygen supplementation does not relieve pain in normoxemic patients with suspected AMI undergoing treatment with PCI and should thus not be used for this purpose.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Agenäs, Sigrid, et al.
(författare)
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Gårdar anses för små – men gör stor nytta
- 2020
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet Debatt. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De små gårdarna är allvarligt hotade och därmed också mosaiklandskapet och den gastronomiska mångfalden. Det skriver flera debattörer.
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| 10. |
- Bexell, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stroma Cells Act as Pericyte-like Migratory Vehicles in Experimental Gliomas.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0024 .- 1525-0016. ; 2008:Nov 4., s. 183-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) have emerged as cellular vectors for gene therapy of solid cancers. We implanted enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing rat MSCs directly into rat malignant gliomas to address their migratory capacity, phenotype, and effects on tumor neovascularization and animal survival. A single intratumoral injection of MSCs infiltrated the majority of invasive glioma extensions (72 +/- 14%) and a substantial fraction of distant tumor microsatellites (32 +/- 6%). MSC migration was highly specific for tumor tissue. Grafted MSCs integrated into tumor vessel walls and expressed pericyte markers alpha-smooth muscle actin, neuron-glia 2, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta but not endothelial cell markers. The pericyte marker expression profile and perivascular location of grafted MSCs indicate that these cells act as pericytes within tumors. MSC grafting did not influence tumor microvessel density or survival of tumor-bearing animals. The antiangiogenic drug Sunitinib markedly reduced the numbers of grafted MSCs migrating within tumors. We found no MSCs within gliomas following intravenous (i.v.) injections. Thus, MSCs should be administered by intratumoral implantations rather than by i.v. injections. Intratumorally grafted pericyte-like MSCs might represent a particularly well-suited vector system for delivering molecules to affect tumor angiogenesis and for targeting cancer stem cells within the perivascular niche.Molecular Therapy (2008); doi:10.1038/mt.2008.229.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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| 14. |
- Cedergren Weber, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of COVID-19 on Parkinson's Disease : A Case-Controlled Registry and Questionnaire Study on Clinical Markers and Patients' Perceptions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 2023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Objectives: To explore how COVID-19 affects motor, nonmotor, and general health aspects of PD and to map how PD patients perceive their change in symptoms since falling ill with COVID-19.Method: The study was descriptive, case-controlled, and based on both registry and questionnaire data. At baseline, the controls were matched on age, sex, and disease severity. Information on the severity of the disease, nonmotor symptoms, motor symptoms, and general health was retrieved from the Swedish Registry for PD. Registry data from a COVID-19 group (n=45) and a control group (n=73), as well as questionnaires from a COVID-19 group (n=24) and a control group (n=42), were compared.Results: We did not find that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects any major aspect of nonmotor symptoms, motor symptoms, general health, and perception of change in PD patients' post-COVID-19. Compared to controls, the COVID-19 group reported a more positive subjective experience of pain and quality of life and a perception of change post-COVID-19 regarding general motor function, sleep quality, and mood (all p<0.05).Conclusion: Although SARS-CoV-2 infection does not seem to affect PD symptoms in any major respect, the subjective experience of several aspects of life in PD patients might be slightly improved post-COVID-19 compared to a control group. The findings warrant further investigations due to the small sample size and possible survivorship bias.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Eklund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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MESH classification of clinical guidelinesusing conceptual embeddings of references
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th conference of the International society for scientometrics and informetrics, ISSI. - 9788833811185 ; , s. 859-864
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we investigate different strategies for assigning MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms to clinical guidelines using machine learning. Features based on words in titles and abstracts are investigated and compared to features based on topics assigned to references cited by the guidelines. Two of the feature engineering strategies utilize word embeddings produced by recent models based on in the distributional hypothesis, called word2vecand fastText. The evaluation results show that reference-based strategies tend to yield a higher recall and F1 scores for MeSH terms with a sufficient amount of training instances, whereas title and abstract based features yield a higher precision.
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| 19. |
- Elmberg, Johan, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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The scientific basis for a new and sustainable management of migratory European ducks
- 2006
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Ingår i: Wildlife Biology. - 0909-6396 .- 1903-220X. ; 12:2, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is an axiom in ecology that knowing the sheer number of individuals in a population is of very little help if the objective is to understand future and past changes in population size. Yet, this is exactly how migratory European ducks are monitored, many of which are important quarry species in several countries. We argue that present monitoring is insufficient to address objectives of wise use and sustainability such as those emphasised in recent management directives and multilateral international agreements. The two main problems are the almost total lack of reliable data on recruitment and mortality. We advocate a pan-European monitoring system based on undisputed scientific principles; i.e. a long-term, coordinated and standardised scheme that produces data about vital rates of duck populations as well as about harvest size. Data from such a scheme can be used by game biologists to produce predictive tools, thus providing a functional basis for management decisions for adaptive harvesting and conservation alike.
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| 20. |
- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The scientific basis for a new and sustainable management of migratory European ducks
- 2006
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Ingår i: Wildlife Biology. - : Nordic Council for Wildlife Research. - 0909-6396. ; 12:2, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is an axiom in ecology that knowing the sheer number of individuals in a population is of very little help if the objective is to understand future and past changes in population size. Yet, this is exactly how migratory European ducks are monitored, many of which are important quarry species in several countries. We argue that present monitoring is insufficient to address objectives of wise use and sustainability such as those emphasised in recent management directives and multilateral international agreements. The two main problems are the almost total lack of reliable data on recruitment and mortality. We advocate a pan-European monitoring system based on undisputed scientific principles; i.e. a long-term, coordinated and standardised scheme that produces data about vital rates of duck populations as well as about harvest size. Data from such a scheme can be used by game biologists to produce predictive tools, thus providing a functional basis for management decisions for adaptive harvesting and conservation alike.
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Carl, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Real-world effectiveness of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease : week 52 results from the Swedish prospective multicentre SVEAH study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. - : Sage Publications. - 1756-283X .- 1756-2848. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prospectively and systematically collected real-world data on vedolizumab are scarce. We aimed to assess the long-term clinical effectiveness of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods: This study was a prospective, observational, multicentre study. Overall, 286 patients with active IBD were included (Crohn's disease, n = 169; ulcerative colitis, n = 117). The primary outcomes were clinical response at week 12 and clinical remission at week 52, based on the Harvey Bradshaw Index and the partial Mayo Clinic score. Secondary outcomes included clinical remission at week 12, clinical response at week 52, corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 52, changes in biochemical measures, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Results: At baseline, 88% of the patients were exposed to anti-TNF and 41% of the patients with Crohn's disease had undergone ⩾1 surgical resection. At week 12, clinical response was 27% and remission 47% in Crohn's disease; corresponding figures in ulcerative colitis were 52% and 34%. Clinical response, remission and corticosteroid-free remission at week 52 were 22%, 41% and 40% in Crohn's disease and 49%, 47% and 46% in ulcerative colitis, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in median faecal-calprotectin and C-reactive protein was observed at 12 and 52 weeks in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The HRQoL measures Short Health Scale and EuroQol 5-Dimensions improved in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients (p < 0.001). Clinical disease activity at baseline was inversely associated with clinical remission at week 52.Conclusion: Vedolizumab proved effective for the treatment of refractory IBD in clinical practice.
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Uppsprickande molnighet – nyanser av grått på bibliotek
- 2020
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Ingår i: Regntunga skyar. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet. ; , s. 159-170
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under det gångna året har bibliotek särskilt grundligt diskuterats på olika håll i biblioteks-Sverige. Upprinnelsen till diskussionen är det förslag till nationell biblioteksstrategi som presenterats under året. Många olika intressen skall bevakas inom ramen för denna biblioteksstrategi och i detta kapitel uppmärksammas några av dem som biblioteken har betydelse för. Vi ägnar först intresse åt bibliotekens höglitare och därefter åt bibliotekens besökare. Ifråga om besökare så besöker boende i glesbygd bibliotek mest sällan, och lågutbildade mindre än högutbildade. Bland biblioteksbesökare finns alla åldrar representerade, och yngre visar sig besöka bibliotek mer än vad äldre gör. Avslutningsvis tar vi fasta på äldre på bibliotek, både som litare och som besökare.
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| 23. |
- Foderaro, Antonella
(författare)
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Argumentative practices and patterns in debating climate change on Twitter
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aslib Journal of Information Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2050-3806 .- 2050-3814. ; 75:1, s. 131-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate practices of argumentation on Twitter discussions about climate change.Design/methodology/approach: Conversational threads were collected from the Twitter API. Fundamental concepts from argumentation theory and linking practices were operationalised through a coding schema for content analysis. Tweets were analysed in the context of the discussions and coded according to their argumentative approach, interaction type and argumentation stage. Linked and embedded sources were analysed in order to find how they were used in arguments, the plausibility and soundness of the message, the consistency and trustworthiness of the linked source and its adequacy with the target audience.Findings: Among the interactions between arguers, this study found five typical practices and several patterns involving the dynamics of the conversations, the strategy of the argumentation and the linking practices. Although the rhetorical approach was prominent, the agreement was rarely achieved. The arguers used a variety of sources to justify or support their positions, often embedding non-textual content. These linking practices, together with the strategy adopted and the topics discussed, suggest the involvement of a multiple audience engaged in discussing ad lib scientific artefacts, topics and outputs.Originality/value: While Twitter has been the focus for many research papers, the conversational threads have been given little attention so far. With the Twitter API making conversations more accessible for research, this paper does not only give insight into multiple audience group argumentation dynamics but also provides a method to study the conversations from an argumentation theory perspective.
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| 24. |
- Foderaro, Antonella, et al.
(författare)
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Facts and arguments checking: investigating the occurrence of scientific arguments on Twitter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, May 29 - June 1, 2022. - Borås : Högskolan i Borås.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. A method for studying use of scientific sources in arguments on Twitter is demonstrated.Method. Data were collected from the Twitter API v. 2.0 using Focalevents, searching for tweets with links to DOIs, and then collecting conversations around these tweets. Analysis. Three conversations on different topics were analysed searching for argumentative behaviour, use of scientific sources, their reliability, consistency and adequacy in relation to the argument and the target audience. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis based on argumentation theory were applied.Results. The method allowed us to identify scientific publications used argumentatively by a multiple audience in the context of Twitter conversations. The publications were used to build scientific arguments, mainly, but not exclusively, from individual and collegial expert opinion. Scientific findings were often misinterpreted and used improperly to the benefit of the argument.Conclusions. Through the use of argumentation theory to study conversations in a structured way, the paper demonstrates how to approach the usage of scientific publications in arguments. Scientific publications were used to build scientific arguments from different types of expert opinion, for giving proofs for claims and counter-arguments, and inconsistent or biased arguments from individual expert opinion.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
-
Frihet! Politik! Systerskap!
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här boken medverkar lärare och forskare som på olika sätt adresserar något eller flera av orden frihet, politik och systerskap. En rad vetenskapliga essäer ger bland annat läsaren inblick i alpackors skapande av systerlig gemenskap tillsammans med människor, systerskap som politiskt begrepp, frågor om forskares ansvar, akademiskt systerskap, skrivande som feministisk gemenskap, post-migranters erfarenheter och identitetsskapande samt mycket annat. Detta är en vänbok till Beatriz Lindqvist, professor i etnologi, och texterna har därför funnit inspiration i hennes person och forskargärning.Beatriz Lindqvist har varit en drivande person i uppbyggnaden av etnologiämnet på Södertörns högskola. Hon har även haft ett stort engagemang i lärarutbildningen, såväl genom deltagande i råd och undervisning som genom hennes förskoleinriktade forskning.
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| 27. |
- Fröhlig, Florence, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Klassvillkorad rörlighet inom EU
- 2020
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Ingår i: Kulturella perspektiv - Svensk etnologisk tidskrift. - : Föreningen Kulturella Perspektiv. - 1102-7908. ; 29:1-2, s. 61-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we are addressing the issue of European labor mobility and show that the concept of class is embedded in the EU social policy framework. If the EU provides common rules to protect mobile citizens’ social security rights when moving within Europe in order to promote social cohesion and equality, they resulted in new legal boundaries within Europe between the ones who are protected by law and the ones who are excluded. Thus, the legal framework led to a situation in which law does not apply anymore based on national sovereignty but based on enclaves attached to individuals. Citizens become somehow extraterritorial (embodied boundaries). The analysis of EU policy documents related to the coordination of social security systems and the investigation of the Swedish national regulations for the implementation of free mobility, enable us to show that European free mobility is not a space facilitating free movement for everyone and that citizens might be bordered out depending on their class belonging. We argue that the legal framework has led to a policy of illegalization: the EU social framework far from protecting European workers has favored market predation and the emergence of a new social class of citizens dispossessed of their social rights.
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| 28. |
- Graham, R. Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Three functional variants of IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) define risk and protective haplotypes for human lupus
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 104:16, s. 6758-6763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systematic genome-wide studies to map genomic regions associated with human diseases are becoming more practical. Increasingly, efforts will be focused on the identification of the specific functional variants responsible for the disease. The challenges of identifying causal variants include the need for complete ascertainment of genetic variants and the need to consider the possibility of multiple causal alleles. We recently reported that risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is strongly associated with a common SNP in IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), and that this variant altered spicing in a way that might provide a functional explanation for the reproducible association to SLE risk. Here, by resequencing and genotyping in patients with SLE, we find evidence for three functional alleles of IRF5: the previously described exon 1B splice site variant, a 30-bp in-frame insertion/deletion variant of exon 6 that alters a proline-, glutamic acid-, serine- and threonine-rich domain region, and a variant in a conserved polyA+ signal sequence that alters the length of the 3' UTR and stability of IRF5 mRNAs. Haplotypes of these three variants define at least three distinct levels of risk to SLE. Understanding how combinations of variants influence IRF5 function may offer etiological and therapeutic insights in SLE; more generally, IRF5 and SLE illustrates how multiple common variants of the same gene can together influence risk of common disease.
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| 29. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Navigating in a Misty Landscape - Perceptions of Supporting a Relative Residing in Supported Housing for People with a Psychiatric Disability
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 41:11, s. 1038-1046
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to explore informal carers' perceptions of supporting the everyday life of a relative who has a psychiatric disability and resides in supported housing (SH). A qualitative study based on interviews with 12 informal carers was performed, and the data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The theme "Navigating in a misty landscape when striving to support a relative with a psychiatric disability" was identified, encompassing four categories pertaining to residents' needs, collaboration, environmental issues and the carer's situation. SH services can be enhanced by addressing informal carers' experiences and developing greater collaboration involving informal carers, residents and staff.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Gunnarsson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Fresh and ensiled crops - A new way to organize year-round substrate supply for a biogasplant : Report from a project within the collaborative research program Renewable transportationfuels and systems
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For crop-based biogas plants, the cost for buying the crops is a predominant production cost andefficient systems for production, harvesting, transportation and storage are therefore of major importance.Furthermore, there is a discussion going on about competition on land between food andenergy production. EU has decided to strongly limit the production of transportation fuel based oncrops grown on arable land. For crop-based biogas production it is therefore very interesting to examineways to reduce substrate costs for crops as well as to find alternative crops that are not competingwith food production.This project was carried out as a case study for two crop based biogas plants in Jordberga andÖrebro, both of them owned by Gasum AB, former Swedish Biogas International (SBI). The overallaim of the project was to reduce substrate costs by at least 10%, by organizing the supply ofcrops in a new way, combining fresh and ensiled crops. The underlying assumption was that substratecosts could be reduced by feeding fresh crops into the biogas digester during the harvest periodand thereby reduce costs for storage and avoid losses of dry matter during storage.The goal of this project was to improve cost calculations and develop an optimization model forsubstrate supply to analyze how different fresh and ensiled substrates should be best combined tominimize substrate costs during various times of the year. In the previous f3 financed project ”Optimizedlogistics for biogas production” a model based on linear programming was developed for optimizationand strategic planning of the logistics for biogas plants. In the present project, the modelwas further developed to optimize the supply for the year divided into different periods, instead ofon annual basis as in the previous project.[...]
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| 32. |
- Gunnarsson, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Cadmium-induced decrement of the LH receptor expression and cAMP levels in the testis of rats
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Toxicology. - 0300-483X .- 1879-3185. ; 183:(1-3), s. 57-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant, characterized by its ability to affect various organs. Adverse effect of Cd on the testis including decreased testosterone production are well-known phenomena, but the cellular events explaining these effects have not yet been established. In the present study the initial steps of gonadotropin mediated testosterone biosynthesis were examined in vivo in rats, in relation to Cd dose and time after injection. In the dose–response experiment Male Sprague–Dawley rats received a single subcutaneous (sc) injection of CdCl2 (1, 5 or 10 μmol/kg body weight) and were sacrificed 48 h after injection. A statistically significant decrease in luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor mRNA level in the testicular tissue was demonstrated at the highest dose (10 μmol/kg). In the temporal–response experiment rats were given 10 μmol/kg of CdCl2 sc and sacrificed 0.48, 4.8, 48 or 144 h after injection. LH receptor mRNA levels as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were found to be significantly lowered at 48 and 144 h. These observations of the mechanisms whereby Cd exerts its effect on the initial steps of testosterone biosynthesis are the first from in vivo experiments.
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| 33. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
-
Den systerskapliga etnologin och forskarens ansvar
- 2021. - 1
-
Ingår i: Frihet! Politik! Systerskap!. - Huddinge : Södertörns högskola. - 9789189109728 - 9789189109735 ; , s. 87-93
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Gunnarsson, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential effects of cadmium on the gene expression of seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors and GAPDH in the rat testis.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Toxicology letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4274 .- 1879-3169. ; 168:1, s. 51-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) is a widely spread toxicant with endocrine disrupting properties. Under experimental conditions it suppresses sex steroid synthesis in the male as well as the female. Testicular steroidogenesis is primarily regulated by gonadotropins, but is also influenced by catecholamines. We have previously shown that Cd exposure affects rat testosterone synthesis by down-regulating luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor mRNA expression. In this study, rats were given 10 micromol/kg Cd subcutaneously and sacrificed 0.48-144 h later. We investigated the effects of Cd on testicular gene expression of two adrenergic receptors. In addition, mRNA levels of the androgen-regulated house keeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were measured. In contrast to the suppressive influence on LH receptor expression Cd lacked effect on the expression of alpha(1A)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. GAPDH gene expression, on the other hand, was up-regulated 1.6-fold after exposure to 10 micromol/kg Cd. These data suggest that the influence of Cd on testicular gene expression involves a specific effect on the LH receptor and not a general effect on seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors. Also, data indicate that the increased expression of GAPDH may be secondary to Cd-induced testosterone deprivation, suggesting future studies of androgen-regulated genes in the toxicity of Cd.
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| 35. |
- Gunnarsson, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of dietary phytoestrogens on plasma testosterone and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in male goat kids
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exposure to xenoestrogens in humans and animals has gained increasing attention due to the effects of these compounds on reproduction. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of low-dose dietary phytoestrogen exposure, i.e. a mixture of genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin, on the establishment of testosterone production during puberty in male goat kids. METHODS: Goat kids at the age of 3 months received either a standard diet or a diet supplemented with phytoestrogens (3-4 mg/kg/day) for approximately 3 months. Plasma testosterone and total and free triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were determined weekly. Testicular levels of testosterone and cAMP were measured at the end of the experiment. Repeated measurement analysis of variance using the MIXED procedure on the generated averages, according to the Statistical Analysis System program package (Release 6.12, 1996, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was carried out. RESULTS: No significant difference in plasma testosterone concentration between the groups was detected during the first 7 weeks. However, at the age of 5 months (i.e. October 1, week 8) phytoestrogen-treated animals showed significantly higher testosterone concentrations than control animals (37.5 nmol/l vs 19.1 nmol/l). This elevation was preceded by a rise in plasma total T3 that occurred on September 17 (week 6). A slightly higher concentration of free T3 was detected in the phytoestrogen group at the same time point, but it was not until October 8 and 15 (week 9 and 10) that a significant difference was found between the groups. At the termination of the experiment, testicular cAMP levels were significantly lower in goats fed a phytoestrogen-supplemented diet. Phytoestrogen-fed animals also had lower plasma and testicular testosterone concentrations, but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that phytoestrogens can stimulate testosterone synthesis during puberty in male goats by increasing the secretion of T3; a hormone known to stimulate Leydig cell steroidogenesis. It is possible that feedback signalling underlies the tendency towards decreased steroid production at the end of the experiment.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
-
Gäst i Sverige : Sanningsregimer, villkorade själv(re)presentationer och nationell tillhörighet vid moskévisningar i Stockholm
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation explores the regimes of truth surrounding Muslims in Sweden. The main focus lies on the production of knowledge regarding Muslims in the context of the guided tours of a mosque in Stockholm. Special attention is given to how regimes of truth regarding Muslims inform the conversations during the visits, how they are debated in this particular arena and how that is dependent on positionality. It is a situation in which a Muslim, in the position of the guide, has an opportunity to present alternative storylines, or stories, about who Muslims are and what they do. The visitors for their part can assess, respond to and challenge those stories. In other words, the study explores who can speak with authority.The study is based mainly on participant observations made during 14 guided tours from 2003-2006 and on interviews with guides and visitors regarding their experiences on the respective tours. Most of the visitor groups were making study visits as a part of educational training. Seven of these were in primary and secondary education and two of them at the college level. Four groups came from social clubs at a workplace or from interest groups, and one was organised by Stockholm City Museum. To frame and contextualise the tours I have furthermore used data from mass media, mainly press clippings, but also features from TV shows. Other categories have been archival data, leaflets and brochures handed out at the mosque, as well as fictional books and a mailing list for Muslims. These sources have helped me discern regimes of truth that are, and are not, articulated on the guided tours.The central results concern the fact that the guides see the tours as a chance to alter other stories about Muslims and allow the visitors who tour the mosque to hear something that is not mediated or taught in school; however, they experience difficulties in terms of gaining credibility with regard to their presentation of alternative stories. Even when the guides talk about their private life, as is often the case, they are challenged and sometimes mistrusted. The guides, and hosts, use their private lives to explain their position in Sweden, but the visitors also expect them to expose their personal opinions regarding how they, as Muslims, would act in morally difficult scenarios; thus, the tours present a situation where the visitors seem more comfortable than the hosts. Another significant result is that both the guides and visitors expressed the importance of the tours becoming a respectful meeting place. Religiosity, religion and secularism seem in themselves to represent otherness. What is respectful in practice, however, is not very clear. There is an ongoing debate in Swedish society concerning whether it is respectful to shake hands with a Muslim in a working situation, as is customary in Sweden. Moreover, the showing of respect is given a gender dimension on the tours, since the main way to perform respect is for every woman to wear a robe when entering the mosque. Respect as a practice seems to be mired in social inequality.It seems difficult to become a guest if you are simultaneously appropriated the position of a Swede, and difficult to pass as a host if you position yourself as a Muslim.
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| 38. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
-
I Sverige tar vi i hand
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Sånt vi bara gör. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789173319553 ; , s. 17-19
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Legal Conditions for Refugees’ Mental Health : Implications of Legislative Changes in Programs for Newly Arrived Refugees in Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Challenges. - Basel : MDPI. - 2078-1547. ; 14:3, s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the number of refugees in the world is increasing and it is known that social inequality negatively impacts mental health, it is important to study integration policies, such as labour market measures. In this article, the strategic interventions of the Swedish Public Employment Service are analysed to determine how the agency’s management handled and implemented the legal changes in the new support document for its case workers. The focus is on the effects of the changes in the legal text that transferred the responsibility for establishment initiatives for newly arrived migrants to the agency and, as a result, changed the conditions for newly arrived refugees’ mental health in the new establishment programme. Eight people representing different management functions at the agency were interviewed. The results show that the intention in the new programme to view newly arrived refugees in the same way as all other unemployed people, rather than as a special category, has meant that less attention is paid to the refugees’ mental health, and the opportunities for the agency’s street-level bureaucrats to help clients have decreased. In the face of predicted growing numbers of people having to abandon their homes due to conflicts and climate changes, governmental strategies such as these needs to be revisited in order for societies worldwide to be better prepared for that challenge.
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| 40. |
- Gunnarsson, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate stimulates basal steroidogenesis by a cAMP-independent mechanism in mouse gonadal cells of both sexes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Reproduction. - 1470-1626 .- 1476-3990. ; 135:5, s. 693-703
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in a number of daily-life products. In this study, we investigated the influence of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of the frequently used plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on gonadal steroidogenesis in vitro. MEHP (25–100 µM) stimulated basal steroid synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in immortalized mouse Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1). The stimulatory effect was also detected in KK-1 granulosa tumor cells. MEHP exposure did not influence cAMP or StAR protein levels and induced a gene expression profile of key steroidogenic proteins different from the one induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Simultaneous treatment with MEHP and a p450scc inhibitor (aminoglutethimide) indicated that MEHP exerts its main stimulatory effect prior to pregnenolone formation. MEHP (10–100 µM) up-regulated hormone-sensitive lipase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, suggesting that MEHP increases the amount of cholesterol available for steroidogenesis. Our data suggest that MEHP, besides its known inhibitory effect on hCG action, can directly stimulate gonadal steroidogenesis in both sexes through a cAMP- and StAR-independent mechanism. The anti-steroidogenic effect of DEHP has been proposed to cause developmental disorders such as hypospadias and cryptorchidism, whereas a stimulation of steroid synthesis may prematurely initiate the onset of puberty and theoretically affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.
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| 41. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
-
(O)bekväm (O)vetskap : Om bekvämlighetszoner under de guidade visningarna av en moské
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - Lund : FORSA. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 23:3-4, s. 303-319
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Un)comfortable (un)knowing. On comfort zones in the guided tours of a mosqueThis article, proceeding from the study I did for my thesis on the guided tours of the great mosque in Stockholm, discusses the situations that were characterized by a struggle for having the right knowledge and interpretative prerogative. The concept of comfort zone (Ahmed 2008), and how that is related to ideas of societal happiness, is central. It is a concept that opens up for analysis of how the exercise of power depends on the position of the speaker. During the tours there has been a rhetorical struggle to establish a comfort zone. The article explores the interlinking of knowledge and social positioning, and how positions decide the credibility of what is said.Acknowledging that there are regimes of truth surrounding Muslims in Sweden, the main focus lies on the production of knowledge regarding Muslims in the context of the guided tours of a mosque in Stockholm. Special attention is given to how regimes of truth regarding Muslims inform the conversations during the visits, how they are debated in this particular arena and how that is dependent on positionality. It is a situation in which a Muslim, in the position of the guide, has an opportunity to present alternative storylines, or stories, about who Muslims are and what they do.During the visits there was a tendency for the guests to feel comfortable. In spite of being guests they managed the discomfort by recreating a comfort zone brought about by the alternative storylines. Seemingly objective and established knowledge on Muslims has had such an impact that it made the Muslim guides less trustworthy, even when they talk about personal experiences and their private lives, giving the guides a position of discomfort.
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| 42. |
- Gunnarsson, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Pronounced induction of testicular PGF(2 alpha) and suppression of testosterone by cadmium-prevention by zinc.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-483X .- 1879-3185. ; 200:1, s. 49-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) on testicular prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PGF(2 alpha)) production, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CdCl(2) by subcutaneous injections. Dose-response as well as temporal-response experiments were performed, and PGF(2 alpha) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The highest cadmium dose (10 micromol/kg) caused a dramatic elevation of testicular PGF(2 alpha), which was established to occur 48 h after exposure. At this point of time, cadmium-treated animals displayed PGF(2 alpha) levels 16.7 times higher than saline-injected controls. No significant differences were found with the lower doses used (1 and 5 micromol/kg). In addition, the influence of pre-treatment with zinc (Zn) was assessed. The very strong stimulatory effect on PGF(2 alpha) synthesis (22.3-fold) detected after exposure to 20 micromol/kg cadmium, was completely absent in the group given zinc (1 mmol/kg) prior to cadmium exposure. Plasma testosterone concentrations were determined in the three experiments, and all groups with strongly elevated PGF(2 alpha) levels showed drastically lowered concentrations of testosterone. Zinc pre-treatment abolished not only the cadmium-induced rise in PGF(2 alpha) but also the testosterone reduction. Additionally, cadmium was found to inhibit the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), which is responsible for the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis. The present findings establish that cadmium can cause a strong induction of testicular PGF(2 alpha) production, which might help to explain the well-known antisteroidogenic effect of this heavy metal. Such an inhibitory effect could be due to reduced levels of StAR.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1975-
(författare)
-
Reproductive toxicology of endocrine disruptors : effects of cadmium, phthalates and phytoestrogens on testicular steroidogenesis
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A number of investigations during the last two decades describe adverse trends in male reproductive health, which have been proposed to be caused by environmental factors with endocrine disrupting properties. In contrast to many other toxicants, endocrine disruptors often do not show linear dose-response relationships typical of those found in traditional toxicological studies. For many compounds, low-dose exposure causes effects opposite to the ones seen after high-dose exposure. In addition, the timing of exposure has been found to be critical. Hence, to correctly assess the impact of endocrine disruptors on reproductive health requires in-depth knowledge of their mechanisms of action. This thesis aimed at identifying the mechanisms underlying the effects of cadmium (Cd), phthalates and phytoestrogens on testicular steroidogenesis. For this purpose, in vitro as well as in vivo models were used. Cd was found to inhibit testosterone synthesis in vivo by down-regulating LH receptor gene expression and reducing the testicular levels of cAMP and StAR protein. In addition, Cd caused a pronounced increase in testicular prostaglandin F2ɑ (PGF2ɑ), suggesting that Cd exerts its suppressive effect on steroidogenesis also by inducing the inhibitory PKC pathway. Pre-treatment with zinc (Zn) protected completely against Cd-induced effects on testosterone and PGF2ɑ. Furthermore, we observed that Cd exposure increased glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA expression in the testis. GAPDH is a potent coactivator of androgen receptor-mediated transcription and the up-regulation found in our study is probably a compensatory response to reduced testosterone concentrations. This finding is interesting since GAPDH has been proposed to have an important role in the regulation of apoptosis as well as sperm motility. We discovered that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of the frequently used phthalate di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), stimulates Leydig cell steroidogenesis in vitro, by a cAMP- and StAR-independent mechanism. MEHP exposure caused a similar effect in granulosa cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that MEHP is likely to stimulate steroidogenesis by increasing the amount of cholesterol available for steroid synthesis. In the last investigation, we examined the effects of low-dose phytoestrogen exposure on testosterone synthesis during puberty in male goats. Isoflavones present in clover increased plasma concentrations of testosterone and free as well as total triiodothyronine (T3). T3 has previously been shown to induce testosterone synthesis and it is possible that an elevated T3 secretion underlies the increased plasma testosterone levels. Reduced fertility and reproductive tract malformations affect both the individual and the society. Hence, a sound knowledge of reproductive toxicants is of crucial importance. The findings presented in this thesis provide new insights into the reproductive toxicology of endocrine disruptors and may be valuable for risk assessment purposes.
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| 45. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
-
Respecting Swedish Muslims : Claims of Truth Concerning National and Religious Belonging in Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ethnologia Scandinavica. - : Kungliga Gustav Adolfs Akademien. - 0348-9698. ; 47, s. 115-136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, I investigate the relation between national belonging in Sweden and religious belonging to Islam in Sweden and how that is related to the recurrent talk of respect during the guided tours of a mosque in Stockholm that I have studied. It is precisely that discussion on respect, in relation to national belonging in Sweden, which will be in focus in this article. Why has it been important to show respect on the guided tours of a mosque? What in the tours brings such issues to the fore? What personal convictions can be set aside or negotiated in the exercising of respect?
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1974
(författare)
-
The Single Cooper Pair Box - a Quantum-Mechanical Electronic Circuit
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the single Cooper pair box (SCB) is investigated with a radio frequency single electron transistor (RF-SET). The RF-SET is used as an electrometer to detect the charge of the SCB. The SCB can be regarded as a quantum two-level system and could therefore be a possible qubit. Both the SCB and the RF-SET have been fabricated with e-beam lithography followed by two-angle shadow evaporation of aluminium. The system has been measured in a dilution refrigerator at temperatures of ~30 mK. A charge sensitivity of 2.3 μe/square root of Hz was measured for an optimized RF-SET with a bandwidth of 7 MHz, operated in the superconducting state. In a phase sensitive measurement of the RF-SET reflected signal, the gate dependence of the quantum capacitance, due to avoided level crossing, was detected in a superconducting SET. Coulomb staircases for the SCB were obtained by changing the charge of the SCB by ramping a gate voltage and continuously measuring the charge with the RF-SET. To prevent quasiparticle poisoning of the SCB island, we have used a method of graded gaps. Here we exploit the greater reduction of the superconducting gap for the connecting leads with an external magnetic field applied, resulting in a higher gap for the island. This creates an effective barrier against quasiparticle tunnelling. The charging energy and the Josephson coupling energy of the SCB were measured with microwave spectroscopy. The SCBs were fabricated in a SQUID geometry, which made it possible to tune the Josephson coupling energy of the box. This tuning was verified through microwave spectroscopy. The effect of tuning could also be seen in the pure 2e Coulomb staircase, as a predicted smearing of the staircase, which was in excellent agreement with the independent spectroscopy data. Coherent quantum oscillation of the SCB charge state was measured by applying nonadiabatic DC-pulses to the SCB gate. The measured amplitude of the charge oscillations was higher than 70%. The deviation from 100% can be explained by the initial charge state purity and the finite rise time of the pulses. The longest decoherence time of the charge oscillations was T2 = 9 ns at the charge degeneracy point. It was found to be limited by relaxation. Away from the degeneracy point the decoherence time was limited by pure dephasing, due to low frequency charge fluctuators.
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| 48. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Tunability of a 2e periodic single Cooper pair box
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. ; 70:22, s. 224523-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured the fully 2e periodic Coulomb staircase of a single Cooper pair box (SCB) in superconducting quantum interference design geometry, using a radio-frequency single-electron transistor. We have determined the energies of the SCB with microwave spectroscopy and compared the calculated shape of the Coulomb staircases to the measured staircases. We find excellent agreement as the Josephson coupling energy is tuned by an external magnetic field.
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| 49. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
-
Who is the same as me? On studying guided tours of a mosque
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Conference Booklet. ; , s. 21-21
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For my thesis, I have analysed the guided tours of the great mosque in Stockholm from a postcolonial perspective. Part from participant observations of the tours, I have interviewed both guides and visitors. In this paper, I wish to explore how the knowledge production is affected by the makings of differences between both researcher and researched as well as between different participators in the study. What is the role of the body and appearance as a base for my analyses and interpretations of the tours? In the intersecting field of religion, race and gender bodily signs are interpreted and connected with certain frames of intelligibility, for example, making a female white Muslim guide coming off as eerie to one of the visitors. Further, in the analyses and descriptions of the tours I have been much more cautious about how I describe the (mostly Middle Eastern) guides than I have been in describing white Swedish visitors resulting in that I have described many of them as quite one dimensional and less complex in the analyses. This is, on the one hand, the result of taking into consideration the on-going othering of Muslims in Sweden and the Western world. On the other hand, in trying to resist that very othering of Muslims I reiterate it instead, in the sense that I as a researcher seem to perceive the guides as more other and therefore become more vigilant of what I believe that I can grasp.
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| 50. |
- Gunnarsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Uplink Transmission Timing in WCDMA
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 58th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 0780379543 ; , s. 1688-1692 vol.3
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In wireless network uplink communications, there is a trade off between transmission coordination to avoid overload situations, and distributed transmission decisions to adapt to fast channel variations. Here, uplink transmission timing (UTT) is proposed as a scheme to allow some load control support, while transmitting mainly when the channel is favorable. It utilizes channel state feedback in the form of power control commands, which already are available in the system. Simulations illustrate the transmission timing behavior, and also indicate that UTT is a power and intercell interference efficient scheme to transport data compared to traditional dedicated channels with continuous transmissions and to schemes where transmission decisions are random.
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