| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Clark, DW, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4957-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44–66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Falkengren-Grerup, U., et al.
(författare)
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Does nitrogen deposition change the flora?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Effects of nitrogen deposition on forest ecosystems. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Falkengren-Grerup, Ursula, et al.
(författare)
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Förändras floran av kvävenedfallet?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Effekter av kvävenedfall på skogsekosystem. - 9162050664
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract is not available
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| 8. |
- Falkengren-Grerup, U., et al.
(författare)
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Förändras floran av kvävenedfallet?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Effekter av kvävenedfall på skogsekosystem. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 11. |
- Hellgren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life after liver transplantation.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Liver transplantation and surgery : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society. - 1074-3022. ; 4:3, s. 215-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To gather information regarding how to best assist liver transplant recipients in improving their self-care capacity and well-being, we investigated their total health situation. A retrospective, cross-sectional survey with up to a 10-year follow-up concerning experienced health and quality of life after liver transplantation (LTX) was conducted. The aim of this study was to provide descriptive data on the experienced health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after LTX and to evaluate whether the pretransplantation medical conditions affected these parameters. All patients who had undergone LTX, were alive at the time of the study, and had a follow-up of more than 6 months (n = 134) were asked to complete three self-administered questionnaires. The response rate was 95% (n = 120). There was no correlation between pretransplantation Child-Pugh score and HRQOL after LTX. Liver transplant recipients were more limited in their physical health than healthy subjects but were equal in social functioning and mental health. Twenty-six percent suffered from severe bodily pain. A significant difference was reported in all health areas, with the exception of vitality and social functioning, between employed and unemployed transplant recipients. Liver transplant recipients suffered from limited physical functioning many years after transplantation. Their social functioning and mental health were not negatively affected. This study emphasizes that bodily pain and difficulties in performing regular activities because of physical illness are problems frequently experienced by liver transplant recipients.
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| 12. |
- Köhler, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic allosteric communication pathway directing differential activation of the glucocorticoid receptor
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allosteric communication within proteins is a hallmark of biochemical signaling, but the dynamic transmission pathways remain poorly characterized. We combined NMR spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance to reveal these pathways and quantify their energetics in the glucocorticoid receptor, a transcriptional regulator controlling development, metabolism, and immune response. Our results delineate a dynamic communication network of residues linking the ligand-binding pocket to the activation function-2 interface, where helix 12, a switch for transcriptional activation, exhibits ligand- and coregulator-dependent dynamics coupled to graded activation. The allosteric free energy responds to variations in ligand structure: subtle changes gradually tune allostery while preserving the transmission pathway, whereas substitution of the entire pharmacophore leads to divergent allosteric control by apparently rewiring the communication network. Our results provide key insights that should aid in the design of mechanistically differentiated ligands.
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| 13. |
- Olsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Do postoperative complications correlate to chronic pain following inguinal hernia repair? : a prospective cohort study from the Swedish hernia register
- 2023
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Ingår i: Hernia. - : Springer. - 1265-4906 .- 1248-9204. ; 27:1, s. 21-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To analyse if postoperative complications constitute a predictor for the risk of developing long-term groin pain.Methods: Population-based prospective cohort study of 30,659 patients operated for inguinal hernia 2015–2017 included in the Swedish Hernia Register. Registered post-operative complications were categorised into hematomas, surgical site infections, seromas, urinary tract complications, and acute post-operative pain. A questionnaire enquiring about groin pain was distributed to all patients 1 year after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to find any association between postoperative complications and reported level of pain 1 year after surgery.Results: The response rate was 64.5%. In total 19,773 eligible participants responded to the questionnaire, whereof 73.4% had undergone open anterior mesh repair and 26.6% had undergone endo-laparoscopic mesh repair. Registered postoperative complications were: 750 hematomas (2.3%), 516 surgical site infections (1.6%), 395 seromas (1.2%), 1216 urinary tract complications (3.7%), and 520 hernia repairs with acute post-operative pain (1.6%). Among patients who had undergone open anterior mesh repair, an association between persistent pain and hematomas (OR 2.03, CI 1.30–3.18), surgical site infections (OR 2.18, CI 1.27–3.73) and acute post-operative pain (OR 7.46, CI 4.02–13.87) was seen. Analysis of patients with endo-laparoscopic repair showed an association between persistent pain and acute post-operative pain (OR 9.35, CI 3.18–27.48).Conclusion: Acute postoperative pain was a strong predictor for persistent pain following both open anterior and endo-laparoscopic hernia repair. Surgical site infection and hematoma were predictors for persistent pain following open anterior hernia repair, although the rate of reported postoperative complications was low.
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| 20. |
- Borjesson, U., et al.
(författare)
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Providing Mothers with a Pedometer and Subsequent Effect on the Physical Activity of Their Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Children with Obesity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Childhood Obesity. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2153-2168 .- 2153-2176. ; 16:1, s. 20-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity continues to rise, particularly among children, and is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Physical activity may reduce weight and increase well-being. A pedometer study from the United States, Australia, and Sweden showed that boys need to walk 15,000 steps/day, and girls 12,000 steps/day to maintain a healthy profile. Research shows children with obesity have limited physical activity and they may need parent support to increase their physical activity level. Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled study was to estimate the effect of mothers using pedometers on their children's daily number of steps. Methods: Children/adolescents aged 6-16 years were included and all of them received a pedometer and a step diary. In the intervention group, their mothers received pedometers but not so in the control group. Fifty children were randomized and 32 could be followed-up for 24 weeks. There was no difference in outcome between groups in intention to treat analysis. A complete case analysis showed that the intervention group increased their daily steps (2400, 95% confidence interval 430-4500) compared with the control group (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Involving and activating mothers may increase the children and adolescent's physical activity if implemented more successfully than was done in this study.
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| 21. |
- Emanuelsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the abdominal musculo-aponeurotic anatomy in rectus diastasis : comparison of CT scanning and preoperative clinical assessment with direct measurement intraoperatively
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hernia. - Paris : Springer. - 1265-4906 .- 1248-9204. ; 18:4, s. 465-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the consistency of agreement of two methods for measuring abdominal rectus diastasis (ARD), preoperative computed tomography (CT) scanning and preoperative clinical assessment were compared with direct measurement intraoperatively.METHODS: Fifty-five consecutive patients were retrieved from an ongoing prospective randomised trial comparing two operative techniques for the repair of ARD. All patients underwent a preoperative clinical assessment and CT scan, and the results were compared with intraoperative measurement of the ARD width. Agreement between methods was described with Bland-Altman plots (BA plots) and calculated using Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC).RESULTS: The median width of the diastasis was 4.0 cm in the upper midline and 3.0 cm in the lower midline for the intraoperative measurement. BA plots showed that measurements on CT and intraoperatively are not in agreement in the lower midline, whereas the agreement was stronger between the clinical and the intraoperative method. The CCC was higher for clinical vs. intraoperative measurement (0.479) than for CT vs. intraoperative measurement (-0.002) in the lower midline, although the agreement was over all low. CT scanning underestimated the width of the ARD when compared to 87 % of preoperative clinical assessments, and 83 % of intraoperative measurements. Preoperative clinical assessment overestimated ARD in 35 % when compared with intraoperative measurements.CONCLUSION: Clinical assessment prior to surgery provides more accurate information than CT scanning in the assessment of ARD width. CT scanning underestimates ARD width when compared with intraoperative measurement.
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| 30. |
- Gunnarsson, Ronny K, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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What is the optimal strategy for managing primary care patients with an uncomplicated acute sore throat? Comparing the consequences of nine different strategies using a compilation of previous studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Identifying optimal strategies for managing patients of any age with varying risk of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) attending for an apparently uncomplicated acute sore throat, also clarifying the role of point-of-care testing (POCT) for presence of group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) in these settings. Design We compared outcomes of adhering to nine different strategies for managing these patients in primary healthcare. Setting and participants The nine strategies, similar to guidelines from several countries, were tested against two validation data sets being constructs from seven prior studies. Main outcome measures The proportion of patients requiring a POCT, prescribed antibiotics, prescribed antibiotics having GABHS and finally having GABHS not prescribed antibiotics, if different strategies had been adhered to. Results In a scenario with high risk of ARF, adhering to existing guidelines would risk many patients ill from GABHS left without antibiotics. Hence, using a POCT on all of these patients minimised their risk. For low-risk patients, it is reasonable to only consider antibiotics if the patient has more than low pain levels despite adequate analgesia, 3-4 Centor scores (or 2-3 FeverPAIN scores or 3-4 McIsaac scores) and a POCT confirming the presence of GABHS. This would require testing only 10%-15% of patients and prescribing antibiotics to only 3.5%-6.6%. Conclusions Patients with high or low risk for ARF needs to be managed very differently. POCT can play an important role in safely targeting the use of antibiotics for patients with an apparently uncomplicated acute sore throat.
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| 31. |
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| 33. |
- Gunnarsson, U, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics or constancy in Sphagnum dominated mire ecosystems? A 40-year study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 1600-0587 .- 0906-7590. ; 25:6, s. 685-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally mire ecosystems (especially bogs) have been viewed as stable systems with slow changes in the vegetation over time. In this study the mire Akhultmyren, south-central Sweden was re-investigated in 1997 after 40 yr of continued natural development. The results show a high degree of dynamics in a Sphagnum dominated bog and fen. Altogether 97 vascular plant and bryophyte species were recorded in the two inventories of the bog and poor fen vegetation. pH and electrical conductivity in the mire water were also surveyed. In 1997 we found 10 new species and that 8 species had disappeared since 1954 but the over-all mean number of species per plot (size 400 m(2)) had hardly changed. However, 21% of the species increased and 21% decreased significantly in frequency. Most of the species that decreased in frequency were low-grown vascular plants, most common in wet microhabitats. Vascular plant species that increased in frequency included trees (defined as > 1.3 m in height) and were generally taller than the unchanged or decreasing species. The frequency of dwarf shrubs and hummock bryophytes increased too. Areas with an initial pH of 4.5-5.0 showed the strongest decrease in pH, coinciding with an enlarged distribution of some Sphagnum species. The species diversity increased on the bog, but decreased in the wettest parts of the fen, where the pH also decreased. Species with unchanged or increasing frequency often showed high capacity to colonise new plots. On average the sum of gains and losses of species in the plots in 1997 was ca 50% of the species number in 1954. The vegetation changes indicate a drier mire surface and an increased availability of nitrogen. The increased tree cover may have triggered further changes in the plant cover.
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| 36. |
- Gunnarsson, U, et al.
(författare)
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Ljumskbråckkirurgi i öppen vård.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. ; 64, s. 1292-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Gunnarsson, Ulf, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Proctocolectomy and pelvic pouch--is a diverting stoma dangerous for the patient?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 6:1, s. 23-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: A diverting loop ileostomy was previously considered mandatory for minimizing the effects of septic complications in pelvic pouch surgery. During the past decade there has been a trend towards omission of the loop ileostomy without obvious signs of increased numbers of pouch complications or impaired long-term function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of complications associated with the construction and closure of the loop ileostomy itself.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Complications following diverting loop ileostomies in 143 patients subjected to restorative pelvic pouch surgery during the period 1983-97 were studied retrospectively by evaluation of case records.RESULTS: In the period between discharge after pelvic pouch surgery and closure of the loop ileostomy, 20 (14%) patients were hospitalized because of excessive stoma flow and 19 (13%) patients were treated for other surgical complications, of whom 10 (7%) required surgical intervention. In the early postoperative period (within 30 days) after closure of the loop ileostomy, 18 (13%) patients suffered complications necessitating surgery. Another 12 (8%) patients were hospitalized because of intestinal obstruction that could be treated conservatively.CONCLUSION: The proportion of complications associated with diverting loop ileostomies in pelvic pouch surgery was considerable. A randomised controlled multicentre study is ethically defensible and is recommended.
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| 38. |
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| 42. |
- Jana, Somnath, et al.
(författare)
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Charge disproportionate antiferromagnetism at the verge of the insulator-metal transition in doped LaFeO3
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 99:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore the effects of electron doping in lanthanum ferrite, LaFeO3 by doping Mo at the Fe sites. Based on magnetic, transport, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, we find that the large gap, charge-transfer, antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator LaFeO3 becomes a small gap AFM band insulator at low Mo doping. With increasing doping concentration, Mo states, which appear around the Fermi level, is broadened and become gapless at a critical doping of 20%. Using a combination of calculations based on density functional theory plus Hubbard U (DFT+U) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, we find that the system shows charge disproportionation (CD) in Fe ions at 25% Mo doping, where two distinct Fe sites, having Fe2+ and Fe3+ nominal charge states appear. A local breathing-type lattice distortion induces the charge disproportionation at the Fe site without destroying the antiferromagnetic order. Our combined experimental and theoretical investigations establish that the Fe states form a CD antiferromagnet at 25% Mo doping, which remains insulating, while the appearance of Mo states around the Fermi level is showing an indication towards the insulator-metal transition.
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| 43. |
- Jana, Somnath, et al.
(författare)
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Doping induced site-selective Mott insulating phase in LaFeO3
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tailoring transport properties of strongly correlated electron systems in a controlled fashion counts among the dreams of materials scientists. In copper oxides, vary- ing the carrier concentration is a tool to obtain high- temperature superconducting phases. In manganites, dop- ing results in exotic physics such as insulator-metal tran- sitions (IMT), colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), orbital- or charge-ordered (CO) or charge-disproportionate (CD) states. In most oxides, antiferromagnetic order and CD phase is asssociated with insulating behavior. Here we re- port the realization of a unique physical state that can be induced by Mo doping in LaFeO3: the resulting metallic state is a site-selective Mott insulator where itinerant elec- trons evolving on low-energy Mo states coexist with local- ized carriers on the Fe sites. In addition, a local breathing- type lattice distortion induces charge disproportionation on the latter, without destroying the antiferromagnetic order. A state, combining antiferromangetism, metallic- ity and CD phenomena is rather rare in oxides and have utmost significance for future antiferromagnetic memory devices.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Jestin, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Emergency surgery for colonic cancer in a defined population
- 2005
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 92:1, s. 94-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors in emergency surgery for colonic cancer in a large population and to investigate the economic impact of such surgery. METHODS: Data from the colonic cancer registry (1997-2001) of the Uppsala/Orebro Regional Oncological Centre were analysed and classified by hospital category. Some 3259 patients were included; 806 had an emergency and 2453 an elective procedure. Data for calculating effects on health economy were derived from a national case-costing register. RESULTS: Patients who had emergency surgery had more advanced tumours and a lower survival rate than those who had an elective procedure (5-year survival rate 29.8 versus 52.4 per cent; P < 0.001). There was a stage-specific difference in survival, with poorer survival both for patients with stage I and II tumours and for those with stage III tumours after emergency compared with elective surgery (P < 0.001). Emergency surgery was associated with a longer hospital stay (mean 18.0 versus 10.0 days; P < 0.001) and higher costs (relative cost 1.5 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.4 to 1.6)) compared with elective surgery. The duration of hospital stay was the strongest determinant of cost (r(2) = 0.52, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Emergency surgery for colonic cancer is associated with a stage-specific increase in mortality rate.
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| 49. |
- Kerje, S., et al.
(författare)
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The Dominant white, Dun and Smoky color variants in chicken are associated with insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the PMEL17 gene
- 2004
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Ingår i: Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0016-6731 .- 1943-2631. ; 168:3, s. 1507-1518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dominant white, Dun, and Smoky are alleles at the Dominant white locus, which is one of the major loci affecting plumage color in the domestic chicken. Both Dominant white and Dun inhibit the expression of black eumelanin. Smoky arose in a White Leghorn homozygous for Dominant white and partially restores pigmentation. PMEL17 encodes a melanocyte-specific protein and was identified as a positional candidate gene due to its role in the development of eumelanosomes. Linkage analysis of PMEL17 and Dominant while using a red jungle fowl/White Leghorn intercross revealed no recombination between these loci. Sequence analysis showed that the Dominant white allele was exclusively associated with a 9-bp insertion in exon 10, leading to an insertion of three amino acids in the PMEL17 transmembrane region. Similarly, a deletion of five amino acids in the transmembrane region occurs in the protein encoded by Dun. The Smoky allele shared the 9-bp insertion in exon 10 with Dominant white, as expected from its origin, but also had a deletion of 12 nucleotides in exon 6, eliminating four amino acids from the mature protein. These mutations are, together with the recessive silver mutation in the mouse, the only PMEL17 mutations with phenotypic effects that have been described so far in any species.
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| 50. |
- Limpens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Glasshouse vs field experiments : do they yield ecologically similar results for assessing N impacts on peat mosses?
- 2012
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 195:2, s. 408-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peat bogs have accumulated more atmospheric carbon (C) than any other terrestrial ecosystem today. Most of this C is associated with peat moss (Sphagnum) litter. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can decrease Sphagnum production, compromising the C sequestration capacity of peat bogs. The mechanisms underlying the reduced production are uncertain, necessitating multifactorial experiments. We investigated whether glasshouse experiments are reliable proxies for field experiments for assessing interactions between N deposition and environment as controls on Sphagnum N concentration and production. We performed a meta-analysis over 115 glasshouse experiments and 107 field experiments. We found that glasshouse and field experiments gave similar qualitative and quantitative estimates of changes in Sphagnum N concentration in response to N application. However, glasshouse-based estimates of changes in production even qualitative assessments diverged from field experiments owing to a stronger N effect on production response in absence of vascular plants in the glasshouse, and a weaker N effect on production response in presence of vascular plants compared to field experiments. Thus, although we need glasshouse experiments to study how interacting environmental factors affect the response of Sphagnum to increased N deposition, we need field experiments to properly quantify these effects.
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