| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bourdieu, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Leve idrottspedagogiken : En vänbok tillägnad Lars-Magnus Engström
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vem ägnar sig åt idrott? Vilken betydelse har fritiden i barns och ungdomars liv? Vad innebär hälsa i skolämnet idrott och hälsa?Leve idrottspedagogiken! tillägnas Lars-Magnus Engström. Texterna i boken speglar delar av det idrottspedagogiska forskningsområdet i Sverige, vars framväxt Lars-Magnus Engström varit den främste företrädaren för. Läsaren får här ta del av exempelvis idrottskulturen, fritidskulturen och skolans ämne idrott och hälsa. Genomgående handlar texterna om villkoren för barns och ungdomars deltagane och om de olika lärprocesser som sker i anslutning till idrottsutövning.Lars-Magnus Engström har gjort betydande insatser som forskare och lärare samt som professor vid Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm och vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. I snart fyrtion år har han arbetat med studier kring påverkans- och lärprocesser i idrott. Hans forskning har främst kretsat kring människors idrottsvanor och vilka som utvecklar en fysiskt aktiv livsstil. Idrotts- och motionsutövningar ger både ett så kallat egenvärde och investeringsvärde. Med dessa begrepp bland många andra har Lars-Magnus Engström bidragit till en fördjupad vetenskaplig förståelse av idrottskulturen.De flesta författarna har eller har haft Lars-Magnus Engström som handledare och tillhör forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur. Redaktörer för boken är Karin Redelius och Håkan Larsson.
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| 3. |
- Ek, Weronica E, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide DNA methylation study identifies genes associated with the cardiovascular biomarker GDF-15
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 25:4, s. 817-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is expressed in low to moderate levels in most healthy tissues and increases in response to inflammation. GDF-15 is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and over-expressed in the myocardium of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known about the function of GDF-15 in cardiovascular disease, and the underlying regulatory network of GDF-15 is not known. To investigate a possible association between GDF-15 levels and DNA methylation, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study of white blood cells in a population-based study (N = 717). Significant loci where replicated in an independent cohort (N = 963). We also performed a gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. We identified and replicated 16 CpG-sites (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), at 11 independent loci including MIR21. MIR21 encodes a microRNA (miR-21) that has previously been shown to be associated with the development of heart disease. Interestingly, GDF15 mRNA contains a binding site for miR-21. Four sites were also differentially methylated in blood from participants previously diagnosed with MI and 14 enriched GO terms (FDR < 0.05, enrichment > 2) were identified, including 'cardiac muscle cell differentiation'. This study shows that GDF-15 levels are associated with differences in DNA methylation in blood cells, and a subset of the loci are also differentially methylated in participants with MI. However, there might be interactions between GDF-15 levels and methylation in other tissues not addressed in this study. These results provide novel links between GDF-15 and cardiovascular disease.
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| 4. |
- Folkersen, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 2:10, s. 1135-1148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Mice with established airway inflammation exert differential cellular responses to inhaled hematite nanoparticles than healthy mice
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory and immunological responses in the airways and the lung-draining lymph nodes, following lung exposure to hematite nanoparticles (NPs). The responses to hematite NPs were evaluated in both non-sensitized healthy mice, and allergen-sensitized mice, in which the latter represent a group of sensitive individuals with allergic airway disease. This allergic airway disease was induced by sensitization and aerosol challenge to a respiratory allergen resulting in an established eosinophilic and lymphocytic airway inflammation at the time of NP exposure. The mice received either hematite NPs or vehicle (PBS) intratracheally and the cellular responses were evaluated on day 1, 2, and 7, following exposure.Intratracheal instillation of hematite NPs induced an increase of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in the airways of non-sensitized mice on day 1 and 2 following exposure. At these time-points the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes were also increased. In contrast, exposure to hematite NPs in sensitized mice induced a rapid and unspecific cellular reduction in the alveolar space on the first day after exposure. A similar decrease of lymphocytes was also observed in the mediastinal lymph nodes draining the airways. The study did not indicate a reduction of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue or a translocation of cells from alveolar space to lung tissue. Although, mucociliary cellular clearance could be a possible explanation, our finding of cellular decrease also in lung draining lymph nodes point at cell death as the most likely cause to this unspecific cellular reduction.The results indicate that cells in the airways and lymph nodes of individuals with established airway inflammation undergo cell death when exposed to iron oxide NPs. A possible reason to the toxic response is extensive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pro-oxidative environment of inflamed airways, which is further catalyzed by Fe ions released by the hematite NPs, or by generation of ROS at the surface of the NPs. Such cell toxic response was not detected in healthy non-sensitized individuals. This study clearly demonstrates the different response of sensitized and non-sensitized mice, and highlights the importance of including individuals with respiratory disorders, such as allergic asthma, when evaluating health effects of inhaled nanomaterials.
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| 6. |
- Klaric, Lucija, et al.
(författare)
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Mendelian randomisation identifies alternative splicing of the FAS death receptor as a mediator of severe COVID-19.
- 2021
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Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. ; , s. 1-28
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Severe COVID-19 is characterised by immunopathology and epithelial injury. Proteomic studies have identified circulating proteins that are biomarkers of severe COVID-19, but cannot distinguish correlation from causation. To address this, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) to identify proteins that mediate severe COVID-19. Using protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from the SCALLOP consortium, involving meta-analysis of up to 26,494 individuals, and COVID-19 genome-wide association data from the Host Genetics Initiative, we performed MR for 157 COVID-19 severity protein biomarkers. We identified significant MR results for five proteins: FAS, TNFRSF10A, CCL2, EPHB4 and LGALS9. Further evaluation of these candidates using sensitivity analyses and colocalization testing provided strong evidence to implicate the apoptosis-associated cytokine receptor FAS as a causal mediator of severe COVID-19. This effect was specific to severe disease. Using RNA-seq data from 4,778 individuals, we demonstrate that the pQTL at the FAS locus results from genetically influenced alternate splicing causing skipping of exon 6. We show that the risk allele for very severe COVID-19 increases the proportion of transcripts lacking exon 6, and thereby increases soluble FAS. Soluble FAS acts as a decoy receptor for FAS-ligand, inhibiting apoptosis induced through membrane-bound FAS. In summary, we demonstrate a novel genetic mechanism that contributes to risk of severe of COVID-19, highlighting a pathway that may be a promising therapeutic target.
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| 7. |
- Lindström, Åsa, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Ledare i akademin : en sinnlig betraktelse
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Den främste bland likar. - Växjö : Linnaeus University. - 9789189081451 - 9789189081499 ; , s. 21-38
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kapitlet illustrerar två prefekters personliga reflektioner kring att vara ledare i akademin - allt genom våra sinnen som vägledare.
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| 8. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Nilsdotter-Augustinsson, Åsa, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Staphylococcus aureus, but not Staphylococcus epidermidis, modulates the oxidative response and induces apoptosis in human neutrophils
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 112:2, s. 109-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- S. epidermidis is the most common isolate in foreign body infections. The aim of this study was to understand why S. epidermidis causes silent biomaterial infections. In view of the divergent inflammatory responses S. epidermidis and S. aureus cause in patients, we analyzed how they differ when interacting with human neutrophils. Neutrophils interacting with S. epidermidis strains isolated either from granulation tissue covering infected hip prostheses or from normal skin flora were tested by measuring the oxidative response as chemiluminescence and apoptosis as annexin V binding. Different S. aureus strains were tested in parallel. All S. epidermidis tested were unable to modulate the oxidative reaction in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and did not provoke, but rather inhibited, apoptosis. In contrast, some S. aureus strains enhanced the oxidative reaction, and this priming capacity was linked to p38-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (p38-MAPK) activation and induction of apoptosis. Our results may explain why S. epidermidis is a weak inducer of inflammation compared to S. aureus, and therefore responsible for the indolent and chronic course of S. epidermidis biomaterial infections.
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| 11. |
- Rubin, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Intrathecal chemoprophylaxis after HSCT in children
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pediatric Transplantation. - : Wiley. - 1397-3142 .- 1399-3046. ; 12:8, s. 889-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, the literature on the efficacy and risks of i.t. chemotherapy to children after HSCT is scarce. Current practices to reduce the risk of leukemic relapse in the CNS after HSCT differ between centers of transplantation. We compared 74 patients (56 ALL/18 AML), who received i.t. therapy post-HSCT with 46 patients (36 ALL/10 AML) who did not receive post-HSCT i.t. therapy. The patients were transplanted at the University Children's Hospital, Uppsala or the Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, two Swedish transplantation units with different routines concerning i.t. therapy after HSCT. The primary end-point was the number of isolated CNS relapses. Secondary end-points were other types of relapse, death, and neurological complications. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of CNS relapses between the groups (p > 0.05). I.t. therapy did not reduce the overall incidence of isolated CNS relapse or mortality. Our study did not demonstrate a protective effect of i.t. therapy indicating that post-HSCT i.t. therapy may only be of limited use in the treatment of acute childhood leukemia. We conclude that with the risks present, i.t. therapy should be carefully evaluated, and only considered in high-risk cases.
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| 12. |
- Adaszak, Sofie, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Navigating barriers and facilitators to support victims of violence in a close relationship with cognitive disability : Social workers´ perspectives
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The risk of violence in close relationships is higher for people with cognitive disabilities than in the general population. This is due to social isolation, and physical or financial dependence on others in everyday activities. To enable adequate protection for these victims, social workers need to take decisions and provide support that is based on knowledge about both violence and disability-related needs. By contrast, people with cognitive disabilities are de facto less likely to be provided with support adapted to their needs. Therefore, this study explores how social workers navigate barriers and facilitating aspects to support victims of violence with cognitive disabilities.Data were collected in individual interviews with 18 social workers, and analysed using content analysis. The inclusion criteria were 3 years or more experience in identifying and/or assessing exposure to violence in close relationships among people with cognitive disabilities.The emerging categories illustrate how social workers face dilemmas when navigating the balance between individuals’ rights for self-determination and complex needs for protection and support. The policies that frame social workers' practice in Sweden are discussed in relation to the need for flexible interventions and accessible support based on interprofessional collaboration related to violence and cognitive disability. The categories also problematize the power dynamics involved and how different actors’ experiences, values, and power influence the support process. The different actors involved add to the complexity that social workers need to navigate.This presentation focus on how social workers' practice is governed and hindered by policy, a focus on individuals' rights for self-determination, and the need to support and protect a group that may have difficulties to identify both violence and their needs for support.
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| 13. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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A system for remote dosimetry audit of 3D-CRT, IMRT and VMAT based on lithium formate dosimetry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 113:2, s. 279-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to develop and test a remote end-to-end audit system using lithium formate EPR dosimeters. Four clinics were included in a pilot study, absorbed doses determined in the PTV agreed with TPS calculated doses within ±5% for 3D-CRT and ±7% (k=1) for IMRT/VMAT dose plans.
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| 14. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of signal fading in lithium formate EPR dosimeters using a new sensitive method
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 57:8, s. 2209-2217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate signal fading in lithium formate electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimeters used for clinical applications in radiotherapy. A new experimental method for determination of signal fading, designed to resolve small changes in signal from slowly decaying unstable radicals, was used. Possible signal fading in lithium formate due to different storage temperatures was also tested. Air humidity was kept at a constant level of 33% throughout the experiments. The conclusion drawn from the investigations was that the EPR signal from lithium formate is stable during at least 1 month after irradiation and is not sensitive to variations in storage temperature andlt;40 degrees C when kept at a relative air humidity of 33%. This makes lithium formate a suitable dosimeter for transfer dosimetry in clinical audits.
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| 15. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, 1985-
(författare)
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Lithium formate EPR dosimetry for accurate measurements of absorbed dose in radiotherapy
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lithium formate has shown to be a material with properties suitable for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry, among them up to 7 times higher sensitivity compared to alanine, which is a well-established EPR detector material for dose determinations in radiotherapy.The aim of this thesis was to further investigate the properties of lithium formate and develop the dosimetry system towards applications in radiotherapy. The intrinsic efficiency for energies of relevance to brachytherapy and the signal stability were investigated. The dosimetry system was expanded to include a smaller dosimeter model, suitable for measurements in dose gradient regions. An individual sensitivity correction method was applied to the smaller dosimeters to be able to perform dose determinations with the same precision as for the larger ones. EPR dosimetry in general is time consuming and effort was spent to optimize the signal readout procedure regarding measurement time and measurement precision.The system was applied in two clinical applications chosen for their high demands on the dosimetry system: 1) a dosimetry audit for external photon beam therapy and 2) dose verification measurements around a low energy HDR brachytherapy source.The conclusions drawn from this thesis were: dose determinations can be performed with a standard uncertainty of 1.8-2.5% using both the original size dosimeters and the new developed smaller ones. The dosimetry system is robust and useful for applications when high measurement precision and accuracy is prioritized. It is a good candidate for dosimetry audits, both in external beam therapy and brachytherapy.
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| 16. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of absorbed dose to water around an electronic brachytherapy source : Comparison of two dosimetry systems: lithium formate EPR dosimeters and radiochromic EBT2 film
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 60:9, s. 3869-3882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in high dose rate (HDR) electronic brachytherapy operating at 50 kV is increasing. For quality assurance it is important to identify dosimetry systems that can measure the absorbed doses in absolute terms which is difficult in this energy region. In this work a comparison is made between two dosimetry systems, EPR lithium formate dosimeters and radiochromic EBT2 film.Both types of dosimeters were irradiated simultaneously in a PMMA phantom using the Axxent EBS. Absorbed dose to water was determined at distances of 10 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm from the EBS. Results were traceable to different primary standards as regards to absorbed dose to water (EPR) and air kerma (EBT2). Monte Carlo simulations were used in absolute terms as a third estimate of absorbed dose to water.Agreement within the estimated expanded (k = 2) uncertainties (5% (EPR), 7% (EBT2)) was found between the results at 30 mm and 50 mm from the x-ray source. The same result was obtained in 4 repetitions of irradiation, indicating high precision in the measurements with both systems. At all distances, agreement between EPR and Monte Carlo simulations was shown as was also the case for the film measurements at 30mm and 50mm. At 10mm the geometry for the film measurements caused too large uncertainty in measured values depending on the exact position (within sub-mm distances) of the EBS and the 10 mm film results were exculded from comparison.This work has demonstrated good performance of the lithium formate EPR dosimetry system in accordance with earlier experiments at higher photon energies (192Ir HDR brachytherapy). It was also highlighted that there might be issues regarding the energy dependence and intrinsic efficiency of the EBT2 film that need to be considered for measurements using low energy sources.
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| 17. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Optimisation of an EPR dosimetry system for robust and high precision dosimetry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Radiation Measurements. - : Elsevier. - 1350-4487 .- 1879-0925. ; 70, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical applications of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry systems demand high accuracy causing time consuming analysis. The need for high spatial resolution dose measurements in regions with steep dose gradients demands small sized dosimeters. An optimization of the analysis was therefore needed to limit the time consumption. The aim of this work was to introduce a new smaller lithium formate dosimeter model (diameter reduced from standard diameter 4.5 mm to 3 mm and height from 4.8 mm to 3 mm). To compensate for reduced homogeneity in a batch of the smaller dosimeters, a method for individual sensitivity correction suitable for EPR dosimetry was tested. Sensitivity and repeatability was also tested for a standard EPR resonator and a super high Q (SHQE) one. The aim was also to optimize the performance of the dosimetry system for better efficiency regarding measurement time and precision. A systematic investigation of the relationship between measurement uncertainty and number of readouts per dosimeter was performed. The conclusions drawn from this work were that it is possible to decrease the dosimeter size with maintained measurement precision by using the SHQE resonator and introducing individual calibration factors for dosimeter batches. It was also shown that it is possible reduce the number of readouts per dosimeter without significantly decreasing the accuracy in measurements.
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| 18. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Response of Lithium Formate EPR Dosimeters at Photon Energies Relelvant to Brachytherapy
- 2009
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Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642034725 - 9783642034749 ; , s. 236-239
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- After development of sensitive dosimeter materials Electron Paramagnetic Resonance EPR dosimetry has been successfully used also in radiation therapy. The intensity of the EPR-signal is a measure of the amount of free radicals created by ionizing radiation which is proportional to the absorbed dose in the dosimeter. Lithium formate monohydrate is a dosimeter material with 2-6 times higher sensitivity than alanine, a linear dose response over a wide dose range and mass-energy absorption properties similar to water. These properties make lithium formate promising for verification of absorbed doses around high dose rate brachytherapy sources where the dose gradient is steep and the photon energy distribution changing with distance from the source. Calibration of the dosimeters is performed in 60Co or MV photon beams where high dosimetric accuracy is feasible. The use in brachytherapy field relies on the assumption that the production of free radicals per mean absorbed dose in the dosimeter is similar at the lower photon energies present there. The aim of this work was to test that assumption. The response of the dosimeters as a function of photon energy was determined by irradiations with four x-ray qualities in the range 100-250 kV and 137Cs, relative to the response when irradiated with 60Co, all photon beams with well-known air kerma rates at the Swedish Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory. Monte Carlo simulations were used to convert air kerma free in air to mean absorbed dose to the dosimeter. The measured response relative 60Co as a function of photon energy was below unity for all qualities. The maximum deviation from unity was 2.5% (100 kV, 135 kV) with a relative standard deviation of 1.5% (k = 1).
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| 19. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Response of lithium formate EPR dosimeters at photon energies relevant to the dosimetry of brachytherapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : American Association of Physicists in Medicine. - 0094-2405. ; 37:9, s. 4946-4959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:To investigate experimentally the energy dependence of the detector response of lithium formate EPR dosimeters for photon energies below 1 MeV relative to that at 60Co energies. High energy photon beams are used in calibrating dosimeters for use in brachytherapy since the absorbed dose to water can be determined with high accuracy in such beams using calibrated ion chambers and standard dosimetry protocols. In addition to any differences in mass-energy absorption properties between water and detector, variations in radiation yield (detector response) with radiation quality, caused by differences in the density of ionization in the energy imparted (LET), may exist. Knowledge of an eventual deviation in detector response with photon energy is important for attaining high accuracy in measured brachytherapy dose distributions.METHODS:Lithium formate EPR dosimeters were irradiated to known levels of air kerma in 25-250 kV x-ray beams and in 137Cs and 60Co beams at the Swedish Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory. Conversions from air kerma free in air into values of mean absorbed dose to the detectors were made using EGSnrc MC simulations and x-ray energy spectra measured or calculated for the actual beams. The signals from the detectors were measured using EPR spectrometry. Detector response (the EPR signal per mean absorbed dose to the detector) relative to that for 60Co was determined for each beam quality.RESULTS:Significant decreases in the relative response ranging from 5% to 6% were seen for x-ray beams at tube voltages < or = 180 kV. No significant reduction in the relative response was seen for 137Cs and 250 kV x rays.CONCLUSIONS:When calibrated in 60Co or MV photon beams, corrections for the photon energy dependence of detector response are needed to achieve the highest accuracy when using lithium formate EPR dosimeters for measuring absorbed doses around brachytherapy sources emitting photons in the energy range of 20-150 keV such as 169Yb and electronic sources.
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| 20. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin M., et al.
(författare)
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Increased IL-17A secretion in response to Candida albicans in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and its animal model
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 41:1, s. 235-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal failure are hallmarks of the disease. The critical mechanisms causing chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APS-1 patients have not been identified although autoantibodies to cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis. To investigate whether the Th reactivity to Candida albicans (C. albicans) and other stimuli was altered, we isolated PBMC from APS-1 patients and matched healthy controls. The Th17 pathway was upregulated in response to C. albicans in APS-1 patients, whereas the IL-22 secretion was reduced. Autoantibodies against IL-22, IL-17A and IL-17F were detected in sera from APS-1 patients by immunoprecipitation. In addition, Aire-deficient (Aire(0/0) ) mice were much more susceptible than Aire(+/+) mice to mucosal candidiasis and C. albicans-induced Th17- and Th1-cell responses were increased in Aire(0/0) mice. Thus an excessive IL-17A reactivity towards C. albicans was observed in APS-1 patients and Aire(0/0) mice.
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| 21. |
- Alimohammadi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 : NALP5 in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1
- 2006
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Ingår i: The New England Journal of Medicine. ; 358:10, s. 1018-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in AIRE, the autoimmune regulator gene. Though recent studies concerning AIRE deficiency have begun to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity in patients with APS-1, the autoantigen responsible for hypoparathyroidism, a hallmark of APS-1 and its most common autoimmune endocrinopathy, has not yet been identified. Methods We performed immunoscreening of a human parathyroid complementary DNA library, using serum samples from patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism, to identify patients with reactivity to the NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 (NALP5). Subsequently, serum samples from 87 patients with APS-1 and 293 controls, including patients with other autoimmune disorders, were used to determine the frequency and specificity of autoantibodies against NALP5. In addition, the expression of NALP5 was investigated in various tissues. Results NALP5-specific autoantibodies were detected in 49% of the patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism but were absent in all patients with APS-1 but without hypoparathyroidism, in all patients with other autoimmune endocrine disorders, and in all healthy controls. NALP5 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of parathyroid chief cells. Conclusions NALP5 appears to be a tissue-specific autoantigen involved in hypoparathyroidism in patients with APS-1. Autoantibodies against NALP5 appear to be highly specific and may be diagnostic for this prominent component of APS-1.
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| 22. |
- Alimohammadi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and NALP5, a parathyroid autoantigen
- 2008
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 358:10, s. 1018-1028
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in AIRE, the autoimmune regulator gene. Though recent studies concerning AIRE deficiency have begun to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity in patients with APS-1, the autoantigen responsible for hypoparathyroidism, a hallmark of APS-1 and its most common autoimmune endocrinopathy, has not yet been identified. METHODS: We performed immunoscreening of a human parathyroid complementary DNA library, using serum samples from patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism, to identify patients with reactivity to the NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 (NALP5). Subsequently, serum samples from 87 patients with APS-1 and 293 controls, including patients with other autoimmune disorders, were used to determine the frequency and specificity of autoantibodies against NALP5. In addition, the expression of NALP5 was investigated in various tissues. RESULTS: NALP5-specific autoantibodies were detected in 49% of the patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism but were absent in all patients with APS-1 but without hypoparathyroidism, in all patients with other autoimmune endocrine disorders, and in all healthy controls. NALP5 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of parathyroid chief cells. CONCLUSIONS: NALP5 appears to be a tissue-specific autoantigen involved in hypoparathyroidism in patients with APS-1. Autoantibodies against NALP5 appear to be highly specific and may be diagnostic for this prominent component of APS-1.
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| 23. |
- Alimohammadi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary Autoimmunity as a Feature of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 and Identification of KCNRG as a Bronchial Autoantigen
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:11, s. 4396-4401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) suffer from multiple organ-specific autoimmunity with autoantibodies against target tissue-specific autoantigens. Endocrine and nonendocrine organs such as skin, hair follicles, and liver are targeted by the immune system. Despite sporadic observations of pulmonary symptoms among APS-1 patients, an autoimmune mechanism for pulmonary involvement has not been elucidated. We report here on a subset of APS-1 patients with respiratory symptoms. Eight patients with pulmonary involvement were identified. Severe airway obstruction was found in 4 patients, leading to death in 2. Immunoscreening of a cDNA library using serum samples from a patient with APS-1 and obstructive respiratory symptoms identified a putative potassium channel regulator (KCNRG) as a pulmonary autoantigen. Reactivity to recombinant KCNRG was assessed in 110 APS-1 patients by using immunoprecipitation. Autoantibodies to KCNRG were present in 7 of the 8 patients with respiratory symptoms, but in only 1 of 102 APS-1 patients without respiratory symptoms. Expression of KCNRG messenger RNA and protein was found to be predominantly restricted to the epithelial cells of terminal bronchioles. Autoantibodies to KCNRG, a protein mainly expressed in bronchial epithelium, are strongly associated with pulmonary involvement in APS-1. These findings may facilitate the recognition, diagnosis, characterization, and understanding of the pulmonary manifestations of APS-1.
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| 24. |
- An, Junghwa, et al.
(författare)
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Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:2, s. 404-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Preoperative Patient Anxiety on Postoperative Anxiety and Quality of Recovery After Orthopaedic Surgery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1089-9472 .- 1532-8473. ; 35:3, s. 260-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo study how preoperative anxiety affects postoperative recovery in orthopaedic surgery based on two specific issues: does preoperative anxiety affect postoperative anxiety, pain, and nausea in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and does preoperative anxiety affect the quality of recovery.DesignThis was a nonexperimental quantitative observational study.MethodsPatients (N = 37) were included through consecutive selection. Anxiety, pain, and nausea were measured preoperatively, 30 minutes after arrival at PACU and before discharge from PACU. Three days after discharge, participants completed the Quality of Recovery Questionnaire by telephone.FindingsThere was a significant correlation between preoperative anxiety and anxiety in PACU as well as anxiety, sadness, and depression 3 days after discharge from PACU.ConclusionsPatients who experience preoperative anxiety also experience anxiety in PACU. The quality of recovery 3 days after surgery is also affected by preoperative anxiety. Patients experience continued anxiety as well as sadness and depression.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Antonovic, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a lithium formate EPR dosimetry system for dose measurements around Ir-192 brachytherapy sources
- 2009
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Ingår i: MEDICAL PHYSICS. - : Wiley. - 0094-2405. ; 36:6, s. 2236-2247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dosimetry system using lithium formate monohydrate (HCO2Li center dot H2O) as detector material and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for readout has been used to measure absorbed dose distributions around clinical Ir-192 sources. Cylindrical tablets with diameter of 4.5 mm, height of 4.8 mm, and density of 1.26 g/cm(3) were manufactured. Homogeneity test and calibration of the dosimeters were performed in a 6 MV photon beam. Ir-192 irradiations were performed in a PMMA phantom using two different source models, the GammaMed Plus HDR and the microSelectron PDR-v1 model. Measured absorbed doses to water in the PMMA phantom were converted to the corresponding absorbed doses to water in water phantoms of dimensions used by the treatment planning systems (TPSs) using correction factors explicitly derived for this experiment. Experimentally determined absorbed doses agreed with the absorbed doses to water calculated by the TPS to within +/- 2.9%. Relative standard uncertainties in the experimentally determined absorbed doses were estimated to be within the range of 1.7%-1.3% depending on the radial distance from the source, the type of source (HDR or PDR), and the particular absorbed doses used. This work shows that a lithium formate dosimetry system is well suited for measurements of absorbed dose to water around clinical HDR and PDR Ir-192 sources. Being less energy dependent than the commonly used thermoluminescent lithium fluoride (LiF) dosimeters, lithium formate monohydrate dosimeters are well suited to measure absorbed doses in situations where the energy dependence cannot easily be accounted for such as in multiple-source irradiations to verify treatment plans. Their wide dynamic range and linear dose response over the dose interval of 0.2-1000 Gy make them suitable for measurements on sources of the strengths used in clinical applications. The dosimeter size needs, however, to be reduced for application to single-source dosimetry.
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| 32. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Barn i bil - socioekonomiska faktorer : litteratur- och enkätstudie
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study was to identify relationships between no use/misuse of safety belt/child restraints and socio-economic aspects. The conclusions from the study will provide a basis for the future development of information and campaigns to increase the correct use of restraints. The study consisted of two parts: a literature review and a questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 2,010 parents of children aged 2 months–9 years. The response rate was about 70 per cent. The level of misuse among small children was lower than among older children and lower in the family car compared with the overall situation. Parents who neglected to use the safety belts themselves were more likely to be careless in ensuring that the child used recommended restraint. The results also indicated that parents who were more likely to act in contradiction with rules and recommendation concerning use of restraints were also more likely to allow their children to travel without safety belts.
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| 33. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Child safety in cars : Literature review
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to study child safety in cars, international literature was reviewed with respect to road vehicle transportation for children, with the focus being on the age up to 12 years. The review included literature in English and Swedish. Furthermore, the review was limited to focus on results from Australia, the U.K., the USA and Sweden. To ensure that all children are protected as passengers in cars, several aspects needed to be considered.Within this study, the focus was, hence, on legal aspects and recommendations, traffic fatalities and serious injuries, the safety consequences for children due to the car development (airbags (SRS) and installation systems), use and misuse of child restraint systems (CRS) regarding medical, technical and user aspects, measurements for improvements, e.g. campaigns and, finally, children with disabilities. The review focused mainly on literature from 1990 until today. The main conclusions were that:Available statistics show that rearward facing CRS is a good preventive measure to take for enhancement of traffic safety.Impacts from the in-safety development of cars on choosing and mounting safety devices for children were found to be a crucial issue.Children exposed to an airbag deployment can be fatally injured, despite being seated in an approved child restraint system.In Sweden and the U.K. the level of child restraint usage among infants and small children was found to be at least 95% in the front seat and approximately at the same level in the rear seat. Even though the levels of usage in several countries were high, the level of misuse was alarmingly high (90%).The road transportation of children with disabilities was found to be complex and insufficiently described in the literature.
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| 34. |
- Arking, D. E., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic association study of QT interval highlights role for calcium signaling pathways in myocardial repolarization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:8, s. 826-836
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The QT interval, an electrocardiographic measure reflecting myocardial repolarization, is a heritable trait. QT prolongation is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and could indicate the presence of the potentially lethal mendelian long-QT syndrome (LQTS). Using a genome-wide association and replication study in up to 100,000 individuals, we identified 35 common variant loci associated with QT interval that collectively explain ∼ 8-10% of QT-interval variation and highlight the importance of calcium regulation in myocardial repolarization. Rare variant analysis of 6 new QT interval-associated loci in 298 unrelated probands with LQTS identified coding variants not found in controls but of uncertain causality and therefore requiring validation. Several newly identified loci encode proteins that physically interact with other recognized repolarization proteins. Our integration of common variant association, expression and orthogonal protein-protein interaction screens provides new insights into cardiac electrophysiology and identifies new candidate genes for ventricular arrhythmias, LQTS and SCD. © 2014 Nature America, Inc.
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| 35. |
- Backvall, H., et al.
(författare)
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Mutation spectra of epidermal p53 clones adjacent to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
- 2004
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Ingår i: Experimental dermatology. - : Wiley. - 0906-6705 .- 1600-0625. ; 13:10, s. 643-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foci of normal keratinocytes overexpressing p53 protein are frequently found in normal human skin. Such epidermal p53 clones are common in chronically sun-exposed skin and have been suggested to play a role in skin cancer development. In the present study, we have analyzed the prevalence of p53 mutations in epidermal p53 clones from normal skin surrounding basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Using laser-assisted microdissection, 37 epidermal p53 clones adjacent to BCC (21) and SCC (16) were collected. Genetic analysis was performed using a multiplex/nested polymerase chain reaction followed by direct DNA sequencing of p53 exons 2-11. In total, 21 of 37 analyzed p53 clones consisted of p53-mutated keratinocytes. The identified mutations were located in p53 exons 4-8, corresponding to the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain. All mutations were missense, and 78% displayed a typical ultraviolet signature. The frequency of p53 mutations was similar in skin adjacent to BCC compared to SCC. The presented data confirm and extend previous knowledge on the genetic background of epidermal p53 clones. The mutation spectra found in epidermal p53 clones resemble that of non-melanoma skin cancer. Approximately, 40% of the epidermal p53 clones lacked an underlying p53 mutation, suggesting that other genetic events in genes up- or downstream of the p53 gene can generate foci of normal keratinocytes overexpressing p53 protein.
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| 36. |
- Bartholdsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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A foot in the floor : A critical perspective on socio-emotional programs in Swedish preschools and compulsory school
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Canadian International Conference on Education, Guelph, Canada 18-21 juni 2012.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, Social emotional learning (SEL) is common in pre-school and school both in Europe and North America. An overall issue in this study concerns the how borders between private and public are constructed and negotiated in schools and pre-schools where socio-emotional programs are practiced. A specific aspect, dealt with in this paper, concerns the processes of internalization, among students and children, of the normative set of values proclaimed by these programs. In this first preliminary analysis we operate within a foucouldian perspective. With this as a point of departure, abilities such as self-control, regulation of emotions and social behavior, and a discursive and social competence for presenting the self are constructed through the production of docile, obedient bodies.
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| 37. |
- Bartholdsson, Åsa, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Cultivating the socially competent body : bodies and risk in Swedish programmes for social and emotional learning in preschools and schools
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Critical Studies in Education. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1750-8495 .- 1750-8487. ; 55:2, s. 201-212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social emotional learning (SEL) is common in preschools and schools both in Europe and North America today. Programmes for socio-emotional training and the rise of what is labelled therapeutic education have dramatically increased during the first decade of the millennium. In this article, a manual-based programme used for SEL in a Swedish school context is analysed from perspectives rooted in childhood sociology and post-structural studies. The aim of this study is to analyse the discursive constructions of a context of risk and the instilment of specific corporeal regimes. The main issue concerns the meaning and use of the body in the discursive construction of the social competent child within this context of risk. The analysis shows that the socially competent child is shaped and cultivated through self-regulating techniques aiming at creating a docile body, a body that will be a good citizen, a pliant member of the social order. Social emotional learning (SEL) is common in preschools and schools both in Europe and North America today. Programmes for socio-emotional learning and what is labelled therapeutic education (Ecclestone & Hayes, 2007; Furedi, 2009) have dramatically increased during the first decade of the millennium. In Sweden, schools often justify their use of these programmes as a way of organizing their value-based education (von Br mssen, 2011), that is, as a way of realizing the democratic ambitions expressed in educational policy documents, such as the national curriculum.
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| 38. |
- Bartholdsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Rapport från projektet Socioemotionella program i förskola och skola : förskolebarns, elevers och lärares erfarenheter
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet syftar till att belysa olika aktörsperspektiv på implementering av och arbetet med socioemotionella program i den kommunala grundskolan och förskolan. Studien består av fem delstudier av fem kommunala verksamheter där arbete med socioemotionella program har ägt rum. Studien har en etnografisk design. Resultatet visar att implementeringsprocessen har sett olika ut i de studerade verksamheterna gällande initiativ till arbetet (uppifrån och ned, nedifrån och upp eller både och). Gemensamt i samtliga verksamheter var dock att det manualbaserade arbetet infördes utan granskning eller diskussion, vare sig på central kommunal nivå eller ute i verksamheterna. Vidare visar resultatet att många lärare till en början välkomnade manualbaserade program för att få tillgång till verktyg för systematiskt arbete med socioemotionella frågor, men att de snart fann svårigheter att omsätta övningarna på ett meningsfullt och etiskt försvarbart sätt för barnen och eleverna i verksamheten. Lärare uttrycker också osäkerhet gällande vilken skillnad de anser att programmen gjort för barnen/eleverna. Många barn och elever var kritiska mot programmen; barnen i förskolan hade svårt att sätta ord på vad de lärde sig av programmen och eleverna på högstadiet var öppet kritiskta till programarbetet. Eleverna i år tre och fem uttryckte däremot i mer positiva ordalag om det socioemotionella arbetet de tagit del av; deras svar ligger ofta i linje med de motiveringar för programmet som finns i programmen själva och bland lärare. Dessa elever uppvisar därmed ha tillägnat sig en diskursiv kompetens i sitt tal om programarbetet. I rapporten diskuteras också vilka implikationer programarbetet medfört dels för lärarprofessionaliteten, dels för realiserandet av skolans normativa uppdrag.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 41. |
- Björkman, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral uptake of morphine in the pig calculated from arterio-venous plasma concentration gradients: an alternative to tissue microdialysis
- 1995
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Ingår i: Life Sciences. - 1879-0631 .- 0024-3205. ; 57:25, s. 2335-2345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to characterize the reversible cerebral uptake of morphine in the pig by measuring the changing arterio-venous plasma concentration gradient over the brain. Seven pigs were anaesthetized by continuous infusions of ketamine and pancuronium and ventilated with oxygen in nitrous oxide. During and after 5-min intravenous infusions of morphine hydrochloride, blood samples were drawn from a central artery and from the internal jugular vein. Concomitantly, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was repeatedly measured as clearance of 133Xe from the brain after intracarotid injection. Plasma concentrations of morphine and, in samples from two animals, morphine glucuronides were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Drug flux (Jnet) from arterial blood to brain was calculated from the arterio-venous plasma concentration gradients, the blood:plasma concentration ratio and CBF. Uptake of morphine from arterial blood to brain was very rapid, with a maximal Jnet typically at 3 min after the beginning of the infusion. The initial cerebral extraction of morphine was close to 50%. When the arterial and jugular venous concentration curves crossed, 1-5 min after the end of the infusion, the initially rapid uptake of morphine changed into a slow and steady release. The cerebral extraction of morphine glucuronides was comparable to that of morphine, however, Jnet was lower due to lower plasma concentrations at time of maximal extraction. The findings demonstrate how the cerebral uptake and release of morphine and its metabolites can be studied with a method that is entirely non-invasive to the brain and permits very flexible sampling. Uptake and release of drug is observed directly and need not be inferred from cerebral concentration curves.
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| 42. |
- Boberg, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Combined Nomenclature codes within plastics area
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to be able to classify products and materials that you want to map or affect using policy instruments, they need to be clearly defined. The Combined Nomenclature (CN) is used by companies in all EU Member States to declare products for import and export. The CN code has an eight-digit level of detail and is based on the Harmonized System (HS) which is designed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and used to describe trade statistics in several countries within and outside Europe.The purpose of this project was to create a desired structure, where the mapping of plastic products becomes as simple and clear as possible and then identify which CN codes need to be improved to give authorities and other actors a better opportunity to continuously map plastic flows and see changes over time. Lastly, the project would produce suggested changes and include these with relevant Nordic and European parties before submitting them to the HS-Committee in order to enable better mapping of plastic products in Sweden and the EU. The process of changing CN codes has been documented in a separate memorandum to preserve knowledge and experience for future proposed changes.The project resulted in six types of suggested changes that affect Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container (FIBC), insulation, seals, moldings, and roofing sheets for building and construction, tubes, pipes, and hoses for various usages, products made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), equipment for sports, physical exercise, and leisure, and lastly Single-Use plastics. The changes have been developed together with Statistics Sweden, the Swedish Customs and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and are designed to distinguish products made of plastic prioritized by the project. The proposals are ready to be sent to the HS Committee for deliberation.
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| 43. |
- Brismar, Torkel B., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetite Nanoparticles Can Be Coupled to Microbubbles to Support Multimodal Imaging
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 13:5, s. 1390-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbubbles (MBs) are commonly used as injectable ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) in modern ultrasonography. Polymer-shelled UCAs present additional potentialities with respect to marketed lipid-shelled UCAs. They are more robust; that is, they have longer shelf and circulation life, and surface modifications are quite easily accomplished to obtain enhanced targeting and local drug delivery. The next generation of UCAs will be required to support not only ultrasound-based imaging methods but also other complementary diagnostic approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging or computer tomography. This work addresses the features of MBs that could function as contrast agents for both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The results indicate that the introduction of iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in the poly(vinyl alcohol) shell or on the external surface of the MBs does not greatly decrease the echogenicity of the host MBs compared with the unmodified one. The presence of SPIONs provides enough magnetic susceptibility to the MBs to accomplish good detectability both in vitro and in vivo. The distribution of SPIONs on the shell and their aggregation state seem to be key factors for the optimization of the transverse relaxation rate.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Chakarova, Roumiana, et al.
(författare)
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Superficial dose distribution in breast for tangential radiation treatment, Monte Carlo evaluation of Eclipse algorithms in case of phantom and patient geometries.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0887.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine experimentally and by the Monte Carlo method the accuracy of the Eclipse Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) and Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) algorithms in the superficial region (0-2cm) of the breast for tangential photon beams in a phantom case as well as in a number of patient geometries. The aim is also to identify differences in how the patient computer tomography data are handled by the treatment planning system and in the Monte Carlo simulations in order to reduce influences of these effects on the evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurements by thermoluminescent dosimeters and gafchromic film are performed for six MV tangential irradiation of the cylindrical solid water phantom. Tangential treatment of seven patients is investigated considering open beams. Dose distributions are obtained by the Eclipse PBC and AAA algorithms. Monte Carlo calculations are carried out by BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc code package. Calculations are performed with a calculation grid of 1.25×1.25×5mm(3) for PBC and 2×2×5mm(3) for AAA and Monte Carlo, respectively. Dose comparison is performed in both dose and spatial domains by the normalized dose difference method. RESULTS: Experimental profiles from the surface toward the geometrical center of the cylindrical phantom are obtained at the beam entrance and exit as well as laterally. Full dose is received beyond 2mm in the lateral superficial region and beyond 7mm at the beam entrance. Good agreement between experimental, Monte Carlo and AAA data is obtained, whereas PBC is seen to underestimate the entrance dose the first 3-4mm and the lateral dose by more than 5% up to 8mm depth. In the patient cases considered, AAA and Monte Carlo show agreement within 3% dose and 4mm spatial tolerance. PBC systematically underestimates the dose at the breast apex. The dimensions of region out of tolerance vary with the local breast shape. Different interpretations of patient boundaries in Monte Carlo and the Eclipse are found to influence the evaluation. Computer tomography marker wire may introduce local disturbance effects on the comparison as well. These factors are not related to the accuracy of the calculation algorithms and their effect is taken into account in the evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of AAA in the case of the solid water phantom is comparable with that of the Monte Carlo method. The AAA-Monte Carlo differences in the patient cases considered are within 3%, 4mm tolerance. The PBC algorithm does not give equivalent results. In the phantom case, PBC underestimates the lateral dose by more than 5% up to 8mm depth. The PBC-Monte Carlo differences in the patient cases are outside the tolerance at the breast apex. The dimension of region varies with the breast shape being typically 8-10mm long and 6-8mm deep.
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| 47. |
- Collin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of local gentamicin-collagen on perineal wound complications and cancer recurrence after abdominoperineal resection : a multicentre randomised controlled trial
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 15:3, s. 341-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Perineal wound sepsis is a common problem after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum (APR), with an reported incidence of 10-15% in previously non-radiated patients, 20-30% in patients given preoperative radiation, and 50% among patients submitted to preoperative radiation combined with chemotherapy. The local application of gentamicin-collagen was evaluated to determine whether its use in the perineal wound reduced the risk complications and had an effect on cancer recurrence.Method: In this prospective multicentre (7 hospitals) randomised controlled trial, 102 patients undergoing APR due to cancer or benign disease were randomised into two groups including surgery with gentamicin-collagen (GS+ n=52), or surgery without gentamicin-collagen (GS- n=50), Patients were followed at 7, 30 and 90 days and at one and five years.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding perineal wound complications, infectious or non-infectious or cancer recurrence.Conclusion: There was no statistically significant effect on perineal wound complications or cancer recurrence following the local administration of gentamicin-collagen during APR.
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| 48. |
- Cornelis, Geert, et al.
(författare)
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Solubility and transport of Cr(III) in a historically contaminated soil – Evidence of a rapidly reacting dimeric Cr(III) organic matter complex
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 189, s. 709-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromium is a common soil contaminant and, although it has been studied widely, questions about its speciation and dissolutions kinetics remain unanswered. We combined information from an irrigation experiment performed with intact soil columns with data from batch experiments to evaluate solubility and mobilization mechanisms of Cr(III) in a historically contaminated soil (>65 years). Particulate and colloidal Cr(III) forms dominated transport in this soil, but their concentrations were independent of irrigation intensity (2-20 mm h(-1)). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements indicated that Cr(III) associated with colloids and particles, and with the solid phase, mainly existed as dimeric hydrolyzed Cr(III) bound to natural organic matter. Dissolution kinetics of this species were fast (<= 1 day) at low pH (<3) and slightly slower (<= 5 days) at neutral pH. Furthermore, it proved possible to describe the solubility of the dimeric Cr(III) organic matter complex with a geochemical equilibrium model using only generic binding parameters, opening the way for use of geochemical models in risk assessments of Cr(III)-contaminated sites. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 49. |
- Dabija, Marius, et al.
(författare)
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Difficult Airways: Key Factors for Successful Management
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1089-9472 .- 1532-8473. ; 34:1, s. 151-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe anesthetic nurses’ experiences of key factors for thesuccessful management of difficult airways in adult patients.Design: This study had a qualitative observational and descriptive designfollowing the critical incident technique.Methods: Twelve experienced anesthetic nurses were interviewed.Findings: We identified five key factors for the successful management ofdifficult airways: identification of the difficult airway, creating a plan ofaction, remaining calm and focusing on the task, technical skills, and usingthe equipment. Identification of the difficult airway implies preassessmentwith standardized methods and actively observing for signsindicative of a difficult airway. Having all equipment available atbedside during induction and creating a backup plan increases the actionforce in unexpected situations. A calm and methodical work procedurefacilitates the management of the difficult airway as well as selectingtechniques and equipment according to the patient and situation.Conclusions: Reflective practice can aid the anesthetic nurse in drawingon experience and remaining calm in acute situations.
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| 50. |
- Dalin, Frida, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and immunological characteristics of Autoimmune Addison's disease : a nationwide Swedish multicenter study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 102:2, s. 379-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Studies on clinical and immunological features of Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) are needed to understand the disease burden and increased mortality.OBJECTIVE: To provide upgraded data on autoimmune comorbidities, replacement therapy, autoantibody profiles and cardiovascular risk factors.DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross sectional, population-based study. 660 AAD patients were included utilizing the Swedish Addison Registry (SAR) 2008-2014. When analyzing cardiovascular risk factors, 3,594 individuals from the population-based survey in Northern Sweden, MONICA (MONItoring of Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular Disease), served as controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. Autoantibodies against 13 autoantigens were determined.RESULTS: Sixty percent of the SAR cohort consisted of females. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher for females than for males (36.8 vs. 31.1 years). The proportion of 21-hydroxylase autoantibody positive patients was 83% and 62% of patients had one or more associated autoimmune diseases, more frequently coexisting in females (p<0.0001). AAD patients had lower BMI (p<0.0001) and prevalence of hypertension (p=0.027) compared with controls. Conventional hydrocortisone tablets were used by 89% of patients; with the mean dose 28.1±8.5 mg/day. The mean hydrocortisone equivalent dose normalized to body surface was 14.8±4.4 mg/m(2)/day. Higher hydrocortisone equivalent dose was associated with higher incidence of hypertension (p=0.046).CONCLUSIONS: Careful monitoring of AAD patients is warranted to detect associated autoimmune diseases. Contemporary Swedish AAD patients do not have increased prevalence of overweight, hypertension, T2DM or hyperlipidemia. However, high glucocorticoid replacement doses may be a risk factor for hypertension.
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