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1.
  • Gustafsson, Anders, 1985- (författare)
  • Industrial policy : Political considerations, payoffs, and peculiar incentives
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis consists of four independent papers. They deal with some aspects of industrial policy, namely public supports to firms that are intended to support innovation and growth at the firm level, using Swedish data. Two papers study the efficiency of current Swedish policies by estimating the effects of subsidies and public loans to firms, respectively.The results on subsidized firms suggests that there are some positive effects on profits and productivity, but these diminish and disappear over time. The results of public loans are more positive with long lasting effects on productivity and sales but only for smaller firms. Public loans do not lead to an increase in the number of employees in the firms that receive them.The third paper studies the selection of firms for subsidies and the incentives firms have to seek them. By modeling the decision to seek subsidies as a trade off between producing in the market and seeking grants, the results suggest that firms with low market productivity might self-select into seeking grants. The empirical results are in line with the theoretical predictions.The final paper studies the incentives that politicians have to implement programs and policies that they know will be inefficient. Since a lack of political action can make the politicians look incompetent, incumbentens have incentives to implement policies even though they know that these will be ineffective, to signal competence towards the voters.
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2.
  • Högström, Claes, 1979- (författare)
  • Fit in to stand out : An experience perspective on value creation
  • 2014
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In order to grow and survive, a firm must create value with consumers in ways that both fit in with consumer demands and stand out from competitors. Focusing on and understanding consumer and firm assessments of value and creation of value has become a central scope in the contemporary strategic management and marketing literature for understanding and explaining firm survival and success. Consequently, the overall aim of this thesis is to provide a conceptually and empirically grounded understanding of consumers’ and managers’ value assessments and behavior in value creation.This thesis draws on a consumer experience perspective and theories on social construction, organizational identity, self-congruence, and the theory of attractive quality, and combines multiple qualitative and quantitative studies. The findings in this thesis shed light on the interplay between consumers, firms, and contextual structures in value creation. Contextual structural, cultural, and political forces are shown to affect and be affected by the shared and individual cognitions of value creation that firms and consumers use in their assessment and creation value.The results of the study enhance the understanding of how firms can adopt various strategic schemas or organizing logics to optimize different types of use value creation when choosing between opposing and contradictive demands in their value creation. Furthermore, the thesis provides a deeper understanding of the hierarchical nature of consumer judgments of value that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of firm prioritizations and as a foundation for future value-creating strategies.
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3.
  • Löfberg, Nina, 1979- (författare)
  • Service Orientation in Manufacturing Firms : Understanding Challenges with Service Business Logic
  • 2014
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Globalisation and competition from low-cost countries has pushed manufacturing firms towards offering services to remain competitive. However, increasing the service orientation of a manufacturing firm to find new ways of value (co-)creation has presented several challenges, such as the fact that services do not provide the expected revenues, and resistance from both the sales force and from customers towards services.The aim of this thesis is to understand challenges linked to increasing service orientation in manufacturing firms, by means of goods and service business logics. The thesis emphasises the three dimensions of business logics – value perspective, service business strategy, and service offering – and studies them empirically in service divisions in the pulp and paper industry and in the automotive industry.The findings show that firms with inconsistency between the three dimensions face certain challenges. Most often, the firms have a value perspective of goods business logic, but a service business strategy and a service offering of service business logic. Therefore, the most important and most difficult challenge to overcome in order to increase a manufacturing firm’s service orientation is the employees’ value perspective.Three service manoeuvres were key to overcoming this challenge: changing employees’ mind-sets, starting to value services, and separating products and services. Although separating products and services could be assessed as a service manoeuvre consistent with goods business logic, it facilitated an increased service orientation. The fact that goods business logic manoeuvres led to a higher degree of service orientation, whereas service business logic manoeuvres did not always do so, is discussed as a service orientation paradox.   
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4.
  • Andersson K, Pernille (författare)
  • Changing the servicescape : The influence of music and self-disclosure on approach-avoidance behavior
  • 2013
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and understand the effect of a servicescape’s ambient and social conditions on consumers’ Approach/Avoidance behavior in a retail context. More specifically, this thesis investigates the effect of music (ambient stimuli) and employees’ self-disclosure (social stimuli) on consumers’ Approach/Avoidance behavior in a retail store. Paper I comprised two experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the influence of the independent variable No music/Music. Likewise, experiment 2 studied the influence of the independent variable No music/Slow-tempo music/Fast-tempo music. The dependent variables in both experiments were pleasure, arousal, and the resulting Approach/Avoidance behavior. Paper II investigated the influence of the independent variable self-disclosure. The dependent variables were Approach/Avoidance behavior, measured by pleasure, arousal, liking, satisfaction, and reciprocity. The conclusions of this thesis are that both ambient and social stimuli in a servicescape affect consumers’ internal responses, which in turn affect their behavior. Depending on the situation (type of purchase), retail (bank, supermarket, or electronic retail store), and stimuli (ambient or social), the internal and behavioral responses are different.
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5.
  • Eliasson, Bengt, 1965- (författare)
  • Numerical Vlasov–Maxwell Modelling of Space Plasma
  • 2002
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Vlasov equation describes the evolution of the distribution function of particles in phase space (x,v), where the particles interact with long-range forces, but where shortrange "collisional" forces are neglected. A space plasma consists of low-mass electrically charged particles, and therefore the most important long-range forces acting in the plasma are the Lorentz forces created by electromagnetic fields. What makes the numerical solution of the Vlasov equation a challenging task is that the fully three-dimensional problem leads to a partial differential equation in the six-dimensional phase space, plus time, making it hard even to store a discretised solution in a computer’s memory. Solutions to the Vlasov equation have also a tendency of becoming oscillatory in velocity space, due to free streaming terms (ballistic particles), in which steep gradients are created and problems of calculating the v (velocity) derivative of the function accurately increase with time. In the present thesis, the numerical treatment is limited to one- and two-dimensional systems, leading to solutions in two- and four-dimensional phase space, respectively, plus time. The numerical method developed is based on the technique of Fourier transforming the Vlasov equation in velocity space and then solving the resulting equation, in which the small-scale information in velocity space is removed through outgoing wave boundary conditions in the Fourier transformed velocity space. The Maxwell equations are rewritten in a form which conserves the divergences of the electric and magnetic fields, by means of the Lorentz potentials. The resulting equations are solved numerically by high order methods, reducing the need for numerical over-sampling of the problem. The algorithm has been implemented in Fortran 90, and the code for solving the one-dimensional Vlasov equation has been parallelised by the method of domain decomposition, and has been implemented using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) method. The code has been used to investigate linear and non-linear interaction between electromagnetic fields, plasma waves, and particles.
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6.
  • Grannäs, Jan, 1967- (författare)
  • Framtidens demokratiska medborgare : Om ungdomar, medborgarskap och demokratifostran i svensk skola
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis attempts to deepen our understanding of the democratic assignment for Swedish schools. The school is a public space that all children and youth are a part of which gives it a prominent opportunity for fostering democratic citizens of the future. The purpose of the study is to increase the knowledge of this assignment, based on the students’ stories of how they experience it. The theoretical framework draws upon a spatial perspective and educational theory inspired by a radical view of democracy. A multiple case study was conducted based on three cases, chosen in order to achieve socioeconomic variation. A mixed method approach has been applied to the study: interviews, observations, documents and quantitative data have been analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. The results show that the democratic assignment of schools is complex and filled with legal, social, ideological, and ethical tensions. For the purpose of creating a school environment that meets the democratic assignment, systematic work and guidelines for school personnel, students, and parents appear to be necessary. The study has clearly shown that the conditions for the democratic assignment may differ markedly between schools and that peer socialization is of great importance for the outcome. The influence and potential of diversity on the democratic assignment of schools is clear. From a curriculum micro perspective, the study has brought attention to how the view of the (non-)competent student is relevant for the democratic assignment, as well as the bases on which this notion of (non-)competence rest. It is suggested that the view of the democratic assignment is extended, from a narrow focus on democratic decision-making processes to a wider focus that also takes into account the ongoing everyday negotiation processes between teachers and students that have impact on what is perceived as political action and democratic arenas.
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7.
  • Gustafsson, Åsa, 1975- (författare)
  • Nanomaterials : respiratory and immunological effects following inhalation of engineered nanoparticles
  • 2014
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background Nanotechnology is an important and promising field that can lead to improved environment and human health and contribute to a better social and economic development. Materials in nanoscale have unique physiochemical properties which allow for completely new technical applications. Enlarged surface area and properties due to quantum physics are among the properties that distinguish the nanoscale. Nano safety has evolved as a discipline to evaluate the adverse health effects from engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing in the society. An additional issue is the influence of inherited factors on the health responses to ENMs. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the respiratory, inflammatory, and immunological effects following inhalation of ENMs; both sensitive and genetically susceptible individuals were used. Sensitive individuals refer to individuals with pre-existing respiratory diseases, such as allergic asthma, and genetically susceptible individuals refer to individuals prone to autoimmune and allergic diseases. Methods In vivo models of mice and rats were used. In study I the inflammatory and immune responses following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were investigated. The effect of when the TiO2 NP exposure occurs during the development of allergic airway inflammation was investigated in study II, with regards to respiratory, inflammatory, and immune responses. In study III, the influence of the genetics on the respiratory, inflammatory, and immune responses, following TiO2 NP exposure to naïve and sensitive rats was evaluated. In study IV, the inflammatory and immune responses of naïve mice and mice with an allergic airway inflammation were studied in lung fluid and lymph nodes draining the airways following inhalation to hematite NPs (α-Fe2O2).Results Exposure to TiO2 NPs induced a long-lasting lymphocytic response in the airways, indicating a persistent immune stimulation. The dose and timing of TiO2 NP exposure affected the airway response in mice with allergic airway disease. When the mice were exposed to particles and an allergen during the same period, a decline in general health was observed. By comparing different inbred rat strains it was demonstrated that genetically determined factors influence the immune and respiratory responses to TiO2 NP exposure in both naïve and sensitive individuals. Exposure to hematite NPs resulted in different cellular responses: naïve mice had increased numbers of cells while mice with allergic airway inflammation had decreased cell numbers in BALF. Analogous cell responses were also observed in the lung draining lymph nodes.Conclusion Altogether, this thesis emphasises the complexity of assessing health risks associated with nanoparticle exposure and the importance of including sensitive populations when evaluating adverse health effects of ENMs.
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8.
  • Seifullaev, Ruslan, 1989- (författare)
  • Harvesting Based Communications for Wireless Control Systems : Event-Trigger and Reinforcement Learning Based Transmission Policies
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Wireless control systems have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their numerous advantages, including increased flexibility and scalability, reduced wiring complexity, and cost-efficiency. Despite these benefits, the use of communication networks in control loops poses various challenges, such as sampled data, latency, packet dropouts, etc. Moreover, in contrast to wired connections, wireless control systems present a new essential challenge – energy consumption. To mitigate this issue, we can use energy harvesting, which involves the conversion of ambient energy sources into usable electrical energy. However, the successful use of harvesting technologies in wireless control systems requires appropriate control methods, transmission policies, accurate harvesting models, and a good understanding of communication channel behavior.In this thesis, we present two approaches for designing suitable transmission policies. The first one is event-triggered control, which can reduce the number of transmissions over the network and guarantee system stability. We use the input delay approach and the Lyapunov technique to obtain exponential stability conditions formulated as linear matrix inequalities. If the system contains external inputs, we analyze it in terms of input-to-state stability. Additionally, we investigate event-triggered control with packet dropouts. For this case, we represent the initial system as a stochastic impulsive system and obtain conditions that guarantee mean-square exponential stability.The second approach is based on reinforcement learning, where the transmission policy is designed as a trade-off between control performance and energy consumption. Implementing such policies requires knowledge of harvested and transmitted energy. The latter, in turn, is highly dependent on the communication channel state, which therefore needs to be estimated as well. These two issues are also addressed in this thesis.
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9.
  • Östh Gustafsson, Hampus, 1989- (författare)
  • Folkhemmets styvbarn : Humanioras legitimitet i svensk kunskapspolitik 1935–1980
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This study investigates how the legitimacy of the humanities was renegotiated in the context of Swedish politics of knowledge 1935–1980, a period that saw the establishment of a new regime of legitimacy based on rational planning. While higher education and research in general expanded and were turned into prioritised sectors of the welfare state, the humanities were not successfully integrated into the new regime. Using the perspective of the sociology of expectations, I demonstrate how the humanities were excluded from progressive narratives focused on material welfare. In contrast to other categories of knowledge, such as science, technology, medicine, and the social sciences, the Swedish humanities were described as traditional and elitist, and eventually depicted as exceptionally marginalised from a transnational point of view.Using a diverse range of sources from the borderland between science and politics – such as reports from university commissions, conference proceedings, and programmatic articles in the press – this historicising analysis of shifting alliances, negotiations and contests of legitimacy fills an important gap, since previous work on the history of the humanities lacks comprehensive empirical studies on the formation of the discourse of marginalisation. Transcending common interpretations of the so-called "crisis of the humanities" that either focus on the new left circa 1968, or the rise of neo-liberalism about a decade later, I demonstrate that the humanities encountered severe challenges at an earlier stage than is generally assumed, and also how they were marginalised in a context of increasing prosperity. The study illuminates how crisis rhetorics were eventually included in novel strategies of legitimation in the 1970s, as humanities scholars more actively attempted to improve their positions in contrast to previous generations who rather sought to adapt the humanities to the standards of the predominating regime of legitimacy.One of the most common claims for the value of the humanities in current debates stresses their particular function for democracy. This dissertation problematises this claim by using historical cases which emphasise a strained relationship between the humanities and democracy. Specifically, I show how the Swedish humanities struggled to adapt to the new egalitarian democratic society of the 20th century welfare state. In this way, the dissertation provides much-needed nuances to ongoing debates on the legitimacy of the humanities.
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10.
  • Andersson K, Pernille (författare)
  • Changing the servicescape : The influence of music, self-disclosure and eye gaze on service encounter experience and approach-avoidance behavior
  • 2016
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and understand the effect of a servicescape’s ambient and social conditions on consumers’ service encounter experience and their approach/avoidance behavior in a retail context. In three papers, with a total sample of over 1600 participants (including 550 actual consumers) and seven experiments, the author investigates the effect of music (ambient stimuli), employees’ self-disclosure (verbal social stimuli) and employees’ gazing behavior (nonverbal social stimuli) on consumers’ service encounter experience and approach/avoidance behavior in a retail store.Paper I comprised two experiments, and the aim was to investigate the influence of music on emotions, approach/avoidance behavior. Paper II comprised two experiments, and the aim was to investigate the effect of frontline employees’ personal self-disclosure on consumers’ reciprocal behavior. Paper III comprised three experiments, and the aim was to investigate the influence of employee’s direct eye gaze/ averted eye gaze on consumer emotions, social impression of the frontline employee and encounter satisfaction in different purchase situations.The results in this thesis show that music affects consumers in both positive and negative ways (Paper I). Self-disclosure affects consumers negatively, in such a way that it decreases encounter satisfaction  (Paper II) and, finally, eye gaze affects consumers by regulating both positively – and in some cases also negatively – consumers’ social impression of the frontline employee and their encounter satisfaction (Paper III).The conclusions of this thesis are that both ambient and social stimuli in a servicescape affect consumers’ internal responses, which in turn affect their behavior. Depending on the purchase situation, type of retail, and stimuli, the internal and behavioral responses are different.
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11.
  • Fletcher, Kevin (författare)
  • Causes and consequences of life-history variation : The effects of parasites, glucocorticoids, and environmental conditions in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis)
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Life-history is the study of all the different stages of life that affect reproductive success and survival between the birth and death of an organism. The reproductive output of an organism is constrained by many things including time, resource, disease agents and environmental conditions. In addition, lineage-specific traits and the limitations of the physiological systems can limit how an organism responds to ecological processes, and thus constrains the variation of life histories represented in nature. Central to the theory of life history are the trade-offs that organisms make during their lifetime to maximise their reproductive potential. In this thesis, I focus on the effect of haemosporidian blood parasites on host life history, in relation to the glucocorticoid response and environmental conditions. The host study species is a population of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), a species that provides bi-parental care, located in the south of Gotland. We show that nestling condition predicts parasite infection and that parasite-mediated selection can start early on in the birds’ life. We also found a link between Lower levels of glucocorticoids and parasite infection, which might indicate a trade-off between immunity and reproductive effort. Adult birds’ upregulated glucocorticoids in response to an increase in reproductive effort and a predictable change in energy demand during reproduction. I also show that glucocorticoids respond to changing environmental conditions. These results together accentuate the importance of the plasticity of the glucocorticoid response to reproductive success. Moreover, higher levels of hormone during reproduction predicted survival to the next breeding season. In nestlings, glucocorticoid levels increased as a consequence of parent infection status and an increase in reproductive effort. Overall, our results indicate that the glucocorticoid response is context dependent. Finally, female collared flycatchers might pay a fitness cost as a consequence of parasite infection, but can still reproduce successfully suggesting that they can tolerate the parasite. To further our understanding of costs related to parasite infection, we must understand better the mechanisms that enable the host to tolerate infection. This study indicates that glucocorticoids provide a useful tool to detect how wild birds respond to predictable and unpredictable challenges.
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12.
  • Folkersen, Lasse, et al. (författare)
  • Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 2:10, s. 1135-1148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health.
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13.
  • Forsling, Robin, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Conservative Linear Unbiased Estimation Under Partially Known Covariances
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. - : IEEE. - 1053-587X .- 1941-0476. ; 70, s. 3123-3135
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mean square error optimal estimation requires the full correlation structure to be available. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to maintain full knowledge about the correlations. One example is decentralized data fusion where the cross-correlations between estimates are unknown, partly due to information sharing. To avoid underestimating the covariance of an estimate in such situations, conservative estimation is one option. In this paper the conservative linear unbiased estimator is formalized including optimality criteria. Fundamental bounds of the optimal conservative linear unbiased estimator are derived. A main contribution is a general approach for computing the proposed estimator based on robust optimization. Furthermore, it is shown that several existing estimation algorithms are special cases of the optimal conservative linear unbiased estimator. An evaluation verifies the theoretical considerations and shows that the optimization based approach performs better than existing conservative estimation methods in certain cases.
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14.
  • Gustafsson, Barbro, 1954- (författare)
  • Undersökningar av sociovetenskapliga samtal i naturvetenskaplig utbildning
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The thesis examines the potential of students’ group discussions in science education in the context of a communicative perspective on democracy and meaning-making. The group discussions in focus are about socioscientific issues (SSI), i.e. controversial and complex issues with scientific as well as sociological aspects. The philosophical works of John Dewey and Jürgen Habermas serve as the main theoretical underpinnings. Different types of empirical data were used for the qualitative analyses: policy documents, student teachers’ essays, student interviews and recorded group discussions between classmates.Attention is drawn to the twofold educational mission to ensure students’ subject knowledge and democratic growth, where the democracy aspect of this mission is in danger of being given secondary priority in science education. Deliberations about SSI are suggested as a possible way of bridging the gap between the two tasks. An ideal deliberation is characterised by democratic virtues such as sincerity, consideration, a critical review of what is otherwise taken for granted and an aspiration to seek agreement. SSIs facilitate theoretical, ethical and moral reflection and examine argumentation skills in a reflective and considerate way in order to lead to participation and the creation of meaning in mutual communication.Both the possibilities and shortcomings of deliberative-oriented group conversations were highlighted in the interviews with upper secondary school students involved in the socioscientific tasks. This then provided guidance for an extended study of SSI-deliberations among students, also from upper secondary school. An analysis tool, DEQUAL, was constructed in order to be in a position to assess their democratic and deliberative qualities.The overall results showed that students could maintain respectful and engaged conversations in which they jointly created and developed arguments. However, expressions of meaning-making in terms of insights and new-found experiences were scarce. Furthermore, the students seemed too eager to agree. Although the guidelines emphasised the importance of advancing various arguments, other students’ statements were rarely challenged. If SSI-conversations are to approach democratic and deliberative ideals and stimulate meaning-making, the participants must be prepared to exchange contrasting views. According to Habermas’ theory, when deliberating one relates to a subjective world of experiences, a social world of common agreements and an objective world of facts. Since both science and SSI contribute objective, factual dimensions, it is suggested that the deliberative idea might have a particular bearing on science education, since the conversations do not just revolve around personal opinions.It was concluded that the development of deliberative conversation skills requires careful, guided practice. It also became clear that the deliberative guidelines for seeking agreement and the teacher’s non-participation in the talks needed to be reviewed.
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15.
  • Gustafsson, Maria-Therese, 1979- (författare)
  • Beyond Conflict and Conciliation : The Implications of different forms of Corporate-Community Relations in the Peruvian Mining Industry
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In Peru, the rapid expansion of extractive activities has led to increased mobilization by peasant communities. In remote rural areas, the mediating efforts of the state between communities and corporations are often weak, and corporations have played an important role in dealing with communities’ demands and protests through different strategies. These processes are illustrative of a broader trend in which private corporations engage in governance processes by assuming state-like functions in relation to citizens. This study investigates how communities’ mobilization and scope of influence is affected by their interactions with corporations. Based on interviews and written primary sources, the study provides a detailed empirical account of the multifaceted relations and negotiations between corporations and communities in the context of two macro-economically significant Peruvian mining projects – Rio Blanco and Las Bambas. In this way, the study contributes to the empirical and theoretical debates on the political role of corporations and the implications for social movements and democratic influence.The study shows that the presence of private corporations alters the conditions for mobilization by creating opportunities as well as constraints, with significant impact on mobilization structures and framing of demands. However, communities relate to those opportunities and constraints differently, depending on how state-society relations and other forms of private dynamics have played out historically at the subnational level.
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16.
  • Holmlund, Anders, 1953- (författare)
  • Oral health and cardiovascular disease
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the past two decades studies have indicated that oral health might be associated with the prevalence for cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the biological link still remains unknown. Bacteria and inflammatory mediators causing periodontal disease have also been suggested to influence the progression of atherosclerosis.The aims of this thesis were to study oral inflammation and associations between different oral health parameters and CVD. Inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) as well as bone resorption activity (BRA) were significantly higher in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from sites with periodontal disease compared to healthy sites. Treatment resulted in a reduction of BRA as well as the levels of IL-1 for most of the diseased pockets. The levels of IL-1 were not correlated to the amount of BRA.Number of teeth (NT) was consistently associated to CVD and was the only oral health parameter that related to all-cause mortality and mortality in CVD in a dose-dependent manner. Subjects with <10 teeth had a 7-fold increase risk for mortality in coronary heart disease compared to those with >25 teeth. Furthermore, NT was also significantly associated to the levels of leukocytes and to the metabolic syndrome, which consists of a combination of cardiovascular risk factors.Other investigated oral health parameters, such as severity of periodontal disease, number of deepened pockets, and bleeding on probing, were not related to CVD in a consistent way. Oral health parameters as well as myocardial infarction (MI) were related to serum antibody levels against Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), indicating that Pg might be a link between oral health and MI.In conclusion, treatment reduced the increased levels of IL-1 and BRA in GCF from sites with periodontal disease. Oral health was associated to CVD with number of teeth being the only oral health parameter that consistently was associated to CVD. Serum antibody levels against P. gingivalis were related to myocardial infarction (MI) as well as to oral health parameters, suggesting that this bacteria could be a link between oral health and CVD.
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17.
  • Knutsson, Erika, 1975- (författare)
  • Bundling for consumers? : Understanding complementarity and its effect on consumers' preferences and satisfaction
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • It is a common market practice to offer two products in a package, so called bundling. While much research investigate how companies can use bundling to increase sales and profit, less is known about how bundling can be beneficial for consumers. There are many advantages with bundling for consumers, as bundles often are offered at a reduced price and provide convenience and reduced risk. But there are also major drawbacks, for example reduced freedom of choice and increased risk of over-consumption. In the present study, the general aim is to increase the understanding of how consumers’ perceive bundle value. To achieve this, focus is turned to bundle composition, more specifically the complementarity between bundle products, as a source of value for consumers. By exploring what complementarity is, how it influences consumer preferences for and satisfaction with bundles and how it interacts with bundle discount insights about the overall value of bundles for consumers is gained. In five scenario-based experiments, the influence of different kinds and different degrees of complementarity on consumers’ perceptions of bundle value is studied and compared to evaluations of separate products. The results show that bundles generally are not preferred over separate products and that they only exceptionally provide more satisfaction. However, the results also highlight the influence of bundle composition on consumer evaluations. Generally, bundle complementarity has a positive effect on preferences and satisfaction, especially when combined with a discount. The results also illustrates that complementarity is a multifaceted concept. Many kinds of relations between bundle products are considered complementary and the degree of complementarity may vary within and between different types of complementarity. Based on the results it is suggested that the notion of complementarity is closely related to consumers’ everyday practices and the value bundles provides in use. When consumers understand the value that bundle products provide in use, the perceived complementarity increases and preferences and satisfaction is positively influenced. It is suggested that bundling can be used as a strategic tool by companies to increase value for customers. By considering their customers’ needs and practices companies can compose bundles that are perceived as complementary and offer value-in-use. 
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18.
  • Lönn, Johanna, 1982- (författare)
  • The role of peridontitis and hepatocyte growth factor in systemic inflammation
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • An essential goal in addressing inflammation is the return of tissue to homeostasis. Persistent infections often cause prolonged response and accumulation of immune cells, inducing imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, tissue destruction, and chronic inflammation. In periodontal disease, bacteria of the dental plaque are the primary aetiologic agents. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic renal failure (CRF) are associated with periodontitis and involve systemic inflammation with atherosclerotic and fibrotic processes. The aims of this thesis were to study the effect of the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis and the anti-inflammatory mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on blood cells in vitro, as well as to measure the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in patients with periodontitis, CAD, and CRF. We found that LXA4 inhibits P. gingivalis–induced leukocyte platelet aggregation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in whole blood, by antagonizing the upregulation of CD11b/CD18 on leukocytes. The serum concentration of HGF was elevated in patients with periodontitis, CAD and CRF, indicating a systemic inflammation. However, the biological activity of HGF was reduced in serum from CRF patients and in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis. This finding correlated with reduced growth of gingival epithelial cells incubated with saliva from patients with periodontitis. Neutrophil proteases reduced the biological activity of HGF in patients with CRF, and HGF expression in patients with periodontitis was associated with higher concentration and numbers of species of periodontal bacteria. In conclusion, these studies suggest that systemic spreading of periodontal bacteria, leukocyte-platelet activation and disturbed HGF-expression are crucial components involved in tissue degradation and progression of chronic inflammation.
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19.
  • Magnusson, Jörgen (författare)
  • Rethinking the Gospel of Truth : A Study of its Eastern Valentinian Setting
  • 2006
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Already in the second century, the Church Father Irenaeus warned against reading the Gospel of Truth that was used among the so-called Valentinians. For more than one and a half millennium GospTruth was lost until in the 1950s a Coptic text was discovered that could be a translation of that work both loved and hated.Since the discovery scholars have tried to determine whether the Coptic text represents the one mentioned by Irenaeus, and whether its author might even be the famous Gnostic teacher Valentinus of Alexandria.The text is very complex and the present study the first attempt to use text linguistic tools for analysing GospTruth. A new and sometimes radically different translation is presented, and an hypothesis of date of redaction and authorship is put forward. Previously Gnostic texts have usually been read in light of the reports of the Church Fathers. In this study an attempt is made to detect topics that were interesting for the Valentinians and that have so far been neglected. The analysis presents a new ethical debate among early Christians regarding the Biblical law, and a hypothesis of how the author of GospTruth wanted his or her community to act towards the neighbouring communities is elaborated. In addition my investigation draws attention to an interpretation of the crucifixion that seems to have distinguished Valentinians from others.For a long time scholars depicted the Gnostics as evil opponents to the church. During the last decades this view has been criticized, and today many scholars abandon the term Gnostic altogether, and instead only use the term Christian. In my opinion such an approach risks to conceal the unique features of Valentinianism, and the results of the present study will hopefully shed new light on a branch of Christianity which still is relatively unexplored.
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20.
  • Marklund-Bau, Helén, 1958- (författare)
  • Sleep and quality of life in men with lower urinary tract symptoms : and their partners
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Aims: The overall aim was to determine how lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) affect sleep, health related quality of life and disease specific quality of life, and how the men’s urinary symptoms affect their partners.Subjects and methods: In papers I–II, a descriptive design with a pre-test and post-test was used and in papers III-IV the design was descriptive and comparative. The method was self-administered questionnaires. In papers I- II: The questionnaires were translated in the ethnographic mode. In paper I the reliability of the questionnaire was tested in 122 patients with LUTS/ BPO. The disease specific quality of life was studied before and after intervention in 572 consecutive patients with BPO, aged 45-94 yrs. In paper II, the partner specific quality of life was studied in partners to men with BPO before and after TURP. The reliability and the responsiveness of the questionnaire were tested in two groups with 51 partners each. Papers III-IV: A study of 239 men with LUTS, aged 45-80 yrs, and their partners (n=126) who were compared to randomly selected men from the population (n=213) and their partners (n=131). The men had an extra control group, men with inguinal hernia (n=200). Sleep and health related quality of life was studied in both men and their partners. The partners’ specific quality of life was also studied and the men with LUTS answered questions about urinary symptoms and disease specific quality of life.Results: Papers I-II: All the tested questionnaires showed an acceptable reliability and responsiveness. I: Before and after intervention the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 46 % and 16 % respectively. II: Partners were affected by the patients’ BPO symptoms before and improved after the patients TURPs. III: Most sleep variables were significantly impaired in men with LUTS compared to one or both of the control groups. The men with LUTS had a significantly higher prevalence of insomnia (40 %) than both control groups and significantly lower sleep efficiency (49 %) than men with hernia. The men with LUTS were significantly impaired in most domains of the health related quality of life compared to men in the population. IV: There were no significant differences between the two partner groups regarding the quantity and quality of sleep or the health related quality of life.Conclusions: All tested questionnaires showed an acceptable reliability and responsiveness.The prevalence of urinary incontinence before and after intervention was higher than earlier reported.Men with LUTS had significantly poorer sleep quality, reduced sleep efficiency and a higher prevalence of insomnia than men in the population and men with inguinal hernia.The HRQOL is impaired in men with LUTS compared to men in the population and men with inguinal hernia.Partners are affected by the patients’ symptoms, and it is emotional rather than practical aspects that affect them most.Partners of men with LUTS did not differ significantly from partners in the population with regard to sleep and health related quality of life.
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21.
  • Melander, Ida, 1991- (författare)
  • Att göra sin röst hörd : Sjukdomsförhandlande diskurser, genrer och berättelser om endometrios
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The main purpose of this thesis is to describe how situated health-related meaning-making about endometriosis is accomplished in three different health-related contexts. Health communication is ever relevant; throughout history, people have become ill, thought about their health and, in many cases, sought care. It is also a shifting practice, in the sense that it changes over time. This thesis explores health communication and negotiations of health and illness in three patient-oriented, alternative and new settings: knowledge negotiations in online discussion forums, seeking care through so-called ‘self-referrals’, and multimodal illness narratives.Specifically, meaning-making about endometriosis is explored. Endometriosis is a chronic condition which, despite its high prevalence, is still relatively unknown, both in society at large and in actual healthcare encounters. This makes the disease a good example to highlight texts and interaction as health communication.The thesis combines a discourse analytical and social semiotic framework, which entails a focus on knowledge, power and available resources for communicating about a disease. In the first study, discussion forum threads dealing with endometriosis are analyzed, showing how illness is negotiated by means of personal and particular experiences. In the second study, self-referrals written for specialist care are explored as an emergent genre, specifically highlighting the resources used to argue for care, as well as patients’ experiences of seeking care in this way. Finally, the third study analyzes illness narratives on Instagram, showing how illness is narrated on a specific platform, within a specific community.Collectively, the three studies shine a light on different ways of participating in health-related settings, and how this is tied to expertise, personal experience, and patient agency. The thesis also contributes to our understanding of how illness communities are formed: the typical patient emerging is active and knowledgeable, fights for care and endures being questioned by a poor quality healthcare service.
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22.
  • Nilsson, Per, 1969- (författare)
  • Brukade bilder : Södra Skandinaviens hällristningar ur ett historiebruksperspektiv
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The timeframe of the south Scandinavian rock art tradition extends from c.1700/1600 to 300 /200 BC. The chronological boundaries of the rock art phenomenon thereby coincide roughly with the timeframe of the Nordic Bronze Age, and rock art figures have come to be understood and interpreted as a Bronze Age phenomenon. It is argued that a dominant Bronze Age narrative has come to direct the discourse and fieldwork alike towards a focus on the origin , rather than the use, of rock art. The rock carver’s intention with the image, explicitly or implicitly, has come to equate with its meaning. The aim of the thesis is to approach rock art figures from a different perspective, with the aim of understanding how south Scandinavian rock art has been used and interpreted over time. The question of what archaeological evidence the use of rock art may have left behind is taken up, and the archaeological excavations carried out at rock art sites in southern Scandinavia​ are summarized and discussed. The survey shows that finds and features date to some extent from the Bronze Age, yet most of the dateable evidence comes from periods after the tradition of creating new images had ended, especially the Early Iron Age. This phenomenon is of particular interest given the explicit uses of the past-perspective of the thesis. It is argued that some of the rock art sites were still being used during later prehistoric periods. Other examples of later period´s uses of rock art sites are presented and discussed, such as runic inscriptions on rock art panels as well as the use of rock art and cup-mark sites during historic times. ​A study of the chronological development of the rock art tradition in the Himmelstalund-region in the county of Östergötland is also presented, based on recently developed ship chronologies of rock art. The study shows that the earliest ship figures, which are found in the Himmelstalund area, were probably made in the Bronze Age period I/II. Yet the majority of the dateable ship figures date from the Bronze Age period II–III, after which the number of dateable ships declines in period IV, a development becoming even more prominent in period V-VI. Another theme discussed in the thesis is archaeology’s own uses of rock art and how this has affected the interpretations of the material. The thesis shows it is feasible to combine a discussion on the prehistoric use of rock art sites and images with a critical view of interactions between archaeological and antiquarian practice and the source material. It has also shown the potential for a broadened discussion, where we regard the use of rock art, during the Bronze Age as well as during later periods, as integral and essential to rock art research​.
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23.
  • Shams, Poja, 1980- (författare)
  • What Does it Take to Get your Attention? : The influence of In-Store and Out-of-Store Factors on Visual Attention and Decision Making for Fast-moving Consumer Goods
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Decision making for fast-moving consumer goods involves a choice between numerous similar alternatives. Under such demanding circumstances, a decision is made for one product. The decision is dependent on the interaction between the environment and the mind of the consumer, both of which are filled with information that can influence the outcome. The aim of this dissertation is to explore how the mind and the environment guides attention towards considered and chosen products in consumer decision making at the point-of-purchase.Consumers are equipped with several effort reduction strategies to simplify complex decision making. The selection of strategies can be conscious or automatic and driven by information in the environment or the mind of the decision maker. The selected decision strategy reduces the set of options to one alternative in an iterative process of comparisons that are fast and rely on perceptual cues to quickly exclude irrelevant products. This thesis uses eye-tracking to explore this rapid processing that lacks conscious access or control. The purpose is to explore how product packaging and placement (as in-store factors), and recognition, preferences, and choice task (as out-of-store factors) influence the decision-making process through visual attention.The results of the 10 experiments in the five papers that comprise this thesis shed new light on the role of visual attention in the interaction between the environment and the mind, and its influence on the consumer. It is said that consumers choose with their eyes, which means that unseen is unsold. The results of this thesis show that it is just as important to be comprehended as it is to be seen. In split-second decision making, the ability to recognize and comprehend a product can significantly impact preferences. Comprehension stretches beyond perception as consumers infer value from memory structures that influence attention. Hence, the eye truly sees what the mind is prepared to comprehend.
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24.
  • Stenman, Anders (författare)
  • Model on Demand : Algorithms, Analysis and Applications
  • 1999
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • System identification deals with the problem of estimating models of dynamical systems from observed data. In this thesis, we focus on the identification of nonlinear models, and, in particular, on the situation that occurs when a very large amount of data is available.Traditional treatments of the estimation problem in statistics and system identification have mainly focused on global modeling approaches, i.e., the model has been optimized on basis of the entire data set. However, when the number of observations grows very large, this approach becomes less attractive to deal with because of the difficulties in specifying model structure and the complexity of the associated optimization problem. Inspired by ideas from local modeling and database systems technology, we have taken a conceptually different point of view. We assume that all available data are stored in a database, and that models are built “on demand” as the actual need arises. When doing so, the bias/variance trade-off inherent to all modeling is optimized locally by adapting the number of data and their relative weighting. For this concept, the name model-on-demand has been adopted.In this thesis we have adopted a weighted regression approach for the modeling part, where a weight sequence is introduced to localize the estimation problem. Two conceptually different approaches for weight selection are discussed, where the first is based on traditional kernel assumptions and the other relies on an explicit optimization stage. Furthermore, two algorithms corresponding to these approaches are presented and their asymptotic properties are analyzed. It is concluded that the optimization approach might produce more accurate predictions, but that it at the same time is more demanding in terms of computational efforts.Compared to global methods, and advantage with the model-on-demand concept is that the models are optimized locally, which might decrease the modeling error. A potential drawback is the computational complexity, both since we have to search for neighborhoods in a multidimensional regressor space, and since the derived estimators are quite demanding in terms of computational resources.Three important applications for the concept are presented. The first one addresses the problem of nonlinear time-domain identification. A number of nonlinear model structures are evaluated from a model-on-demand perspective and it is concluded that the method isuseful for predicting and simulating nonlinear systems provided sufficiently large datasets are available. It is demonstrated through simulations that the prediction errors are in order of magnitude directly comparable to more established modeling tools such as artificial neural nets and fuzzy identification.The second application addresses the frequency-domain identification problems that occur when estimating spectra of time series or frequency responses of linear systems. We show that the model-on-demand approach provides a very good way of estimating such quantities using automatic, adaptive and frequency-dependent choices of frequency resolution. This gives several advantages over traditional spectral analysis techniques.The third application, which is closely related to the first one, is control of nonlinear processes. Here we utilize the predictive power of the model-on-demand estimator for online optimization of control actions. A particular method, model-free predictive control, is presented, that combines model-on-demand estimation with established model predictive control techniques.
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25.
  • Ström, Edvin, 1992- (författare)
  • Influence of fruit, meal distribution and dental health on cardio-metabolic risk
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background   Fruit is often recommended as a snack between meals and a main component of the cardioprotective Mediterranean diet. The sugar content might be of concern since it theoretically could lead to hepatic fat accumulation and affect dental status negatively. Dental status is associated with cardiovascular disease, but subjective dental health’s association has barely been studied. The aim of this thesis was to study dietary recommendations, as in fruit consumption and meal frequency, and their effect on cardio-metabolic risk factors and dental status. Another aim was to study dissatisfaction with teeth as a marker of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.  Methods   Paper I-II studied the effect of extra fruit or nuts as a snack between meals on hepatic fat content and dental status. A study population of 30 young, healthy, normal-weight participants were recruited and randomized to each intervention by 1:1 allotment. The amount of hepatic fat content (HFC) was quantified by MRI-examination. Dental status was investigated by the same licensed dentist. In both cases were examinators blinded to the allotted intervention. Other parameters were markers cardiometabolic risk, inflammatory markers, and vitamin levels. Paper III is a randomized cross-over study with the primary outcome of post-prandial energy expenditure after varying meal frequency and fat- /carbohydrate content in fourteen study participants. In parallel the hormones ghrelin and GLP-1 were measured as secondary outcomes. There were 4 types of test meals served with either a single large drink of 750 kcal or divided into five smaller drinks (150 kcal) with the same total energy content in a series every 30 minutes for 2.5 hours. Macronutrient content was varied by low- or high carbohydrate content (54.9 E%/20.0 E%). Protein content was similar (9.9 E%). The remainder of energy was from fat. Paper IV explored the association between dissatisfaction with teeth and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) defined as hospitalization or death due to myocardial infarction or stroke in a population of 601 available cases with type 2 diabetes in primary care. The Cox regression was adjusted for age, sex, inflammation, BMI, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, total cholesterol, office systolic blood pressure, prior MACE, currently smoking, marital status, being born in Sweden, self-reported stress, and self-reported happiness. Paper V investigated the association of self-reported frequency of consumed bananas, apples/pears, and oranges/citrus fruit with office- and home blood pressure in a study population of 2 283 available participants. Adjustments were made for the covariates sex, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, salt consumption, educational level, physical activity, HbA1c, total cholesterol and S-creatinine levels in a multivariable linear regression. Subgroup analysis by sex was also performed.  Results  In paper I there was no change in HFC in either group. There was a decrease in number of deep gingival pockets in the fruit group with a statistically significant different change compared to the nut group as sign of a potentially improved dental status. In paper III post-prandial energy expenditure was higher after one large drink compared to the series of smaller drinks and the drinks with high-carbohydrate content. GLP-1 levels were higher after the large drink, while similar with varying fat-/carbohydrate content. Ghrelin did not differ at any test occasion at group level. Paper IV revealed an increased risk of MACE when dissatisfied with teeth independent of sex, age, and inflammation. When also adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and socio-psychological factors the increased risk was attenuated. Paper V showed an independent association between lower systolic- and diastolic home blood pressures for apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruits in total study population. Diastolic home blood pressure was independently associated with all types of fruit consumption in women only.   Conclusions  Fruit as snack in addition to habitual diet in quantities greater than the minimum recommended amount did not increased HFC. Periodontal status was improved in the fruit group with a statistically significant change compared to the nut group. The acute effects of a large meal compared to a series of smaller and high-carbohydrate content resulted in a higher post-prandial energy expenditure. Dissatisfaction with teeth could help determine cardiovascular risk associated with a range of biological and social factors. Fruit consumption was independently associated with lower home blood pressure, predominately diastolic blood pressure in women. There is an undeniable opportunity for future collaboration between health care and dental health care to further expand the knowledge and increase the evidence behind dietary recommendations promoting general- and dental health. 
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26.
  • Yngman-Uhlin, Pia, 1964- (författare)
  • Sleep Problems in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis : Prevalence, Effects on Daily Life and Evaluation of Non-Pharmacological Interventions
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sleep problems affect a considerable number (49-86%) of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Insomnia i.e. difficulties to initiate and/or maintain sleep or too early wakening, combined with daytime symptoms, seems to be the dominating problem. Despite these facts there is a lack of research in PD-patients, especially studies with objective data on the sleep-wake cycle and evaluation of sleep promoting non-pharmacological  interventions.The overall aim of this thesis was to describe sleep problems from different perspectives, and how these problems affect daily life and health in patients treated with PD at home. The aim was also to evaluate an individualised non-pharmacological intervention for improvement of sleep quality outcomes.Four studies were conducted during eight years, starting in 2002. Patients from six hospitals in the south-east of Sweden were invited to participate. In addition, data from a reference group with Coronary Artery Disease and a population group were used for comparisons with PD-patients in one of the studies. Data was collected by self-reported questionnaires, actigraphy registrations and interviews. Sleep was evaluated in a 17-week single-case study with an intervention focusing on sleep hygiene advice.Data from a total of 700 sleep-wake cycles was collected in the patients’ homes. The main findings clearly demonstrated that PD-patients have seriously fragmented sleep compared to the CAD- and population group, and that the PD-patients have a high prevalence of insomnia. The sleep was mainly disturbed by pruritus and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Daytime impairments and a frequent napping behaviour were detected. The prevalence of fatigue was also reported to be extremely high. The patients described that an ever-present tiredness and poor sleep had consequences in their everyday life both physically, mentally, socially and existentially. The nurse-led intervention demonstrated that individual, non-pharmacological sleep interventions can improve sleep and daytime activities in PD-patients.This thesis elucidates that deteriorated sleep with serious fragmentation leads to a variety of daytime impairments and fatigue. By adopting “renal supportive care” in clinical work a more elaborate assessment and individualised non-pharmacological treatment of sleep problems may improve sleep quality and activity in frail patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis at home.
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27.
  • Åsén Nordström, Elisabeth, 1952- (författare)
  • Pedagogisk handledning i tanke och handling - en studie av handledares lärande
  • 2014
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of the thesis is to investigate how a number of pedagogical supervisors develope their supervisory competence. In order to meet this objective the following issues were important: What sort of learning takes place among the supervisors?  In what ways have different frameworks and conditions been important for guiding the talks? Can the patterns of conversation be discerned during the sessions and how do these patterns reflect their learning and skills?The thesis presents two studies of educational supervisors and tutor based learning which were carried out with about five years delay. The first study was conducted with twenty newly trained supervisors and a second follow-up study was conducted with ten of the same supervisors. The analysis of the empirical material of study 1 shows, among others, in which direction the talks evolve during mentor sessions and to what extent they change character to deepen and lead the supervisors to develop new perspectives and ways of looking at their role.  The analysis of the empirical data in study 2 illuminate how each supervisor’s learning progresses by analyzing interviews, conversations and reflections. This study analyzes the supervisors’ levels of reflection, the traditions reflected in the supervisors’ way to lead session conversations, the conversation patterns that emerge and how the supervisors’ learning and supervisor competence developed.
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28.
  • Asraf, Daniel (författare)
  • Optimal Detectors for Transient Signal Families and Nonlinear Sensors : Derivations and Applications
  • 2003
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis is concerned with detection of transient signal families and detectors in nonlinear static sensor systems. The detection problems are treated within the framework of likelihood ratio based binary hypothesis testing.An analytical solution to the noncoherent detection problem is derived, which in contrast to the classical noncoherent detector, is optimal for wideband signals. An optimal detector for multiple transient signals with unknown arrival times is also derived and shown to yield higher detection performance compared to the classical approach based on the generalized likelihood ratio test.An application that is treated in some detail is that of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, particularly pulse-echo detection of defects in elastic solids. The defect detection problem is cast as a composite hypothesis test and a methodology, based on physical models, for designing statistically optimal detectors for cracks in elastic solids is presented. Detectors for defects with low computational complexity are also formulated based on a simple phenomenological model of the defect echoes. The performance of these detectors are compared with the physical model-based optimal detector and is shown to yield moderate performance degradation.Various aspects of optimal detection in static nonlinear sensor systems are also treated, in particular the stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon which, in this context, implies noise enhanced detectability. Traditionally, SR has been quantified by means of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and interpreted as an increase of a system's information processing capability. Instead of the SNR, rigorous information theoretic distance measures, which truly can support the claim of noise enhanced information processing capability, are proposed as quantifiers for SR. Optimal detectors are formulated for two static nonlinear sensor systems and shown to exhibit noise enhanced detectability.
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29.
  • Broadaway, K Alaine, et al. (författare)
  • Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 110:2, s. 284-299
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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30.
  • Chalangar, Ebrahim, PhD student, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesis of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorods Using Sol-gel Seeding and Colloidal Lithography Patterning
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nanoscale Research Letters. - Heidelberg : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7573 .- 1556-276X. ; 16:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Different ZnO nanostructures can be grown using low-cost chemical bath deposition. Although this technique is cost-efficient and flexible, the final structures are usually randomly oriented and hardly controllable in terms of homogeneity and surface density. In this work, we use colloidal lithography to pattern (100) silicon substrates to fully control the nanorods' morphology and density. Moreover, a sol-gel prepared ZnO seed layer was employed to compensate for the lattice mismatch between the silicon substrate and ZnO nanorods. The results show a successful growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods with controllable diameter and density in the designated openings in the patterned resist mask deposited on the seed layer. Our method can be used to fabricate optimized devices where vertically ordered ZnO nanorods of high crystalline quality are crucial for the device performance.
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31.
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32.
  • Ekström, Anders, Professor, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Introduction : Politics of Knowledge and the Modern History of the Humanities
  • 2022. - 1
  • Ingår i: The Humanities and the Modern Politics of Knowledge. - : Amsterdam University Press. - 9789463728867 - 9789048555024 ; , s. 7-35
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The history of the humanities needs to move beyond the focus on tra-ditional disciplines and historicize notions regarding the impact andorganization of the humanities in a long historical perspective. The presentedited volume, based on case studies of Sweden in the modern period,provides an important contribution to such an endeavor. This introductionproposes an analytical framework by special reference to “knowledgepolitics,” a concept that allows a flexible and aggregated examination ofhow societies have valued and politicized the organization, balancing,and circulation of knowledge on a broad scale. The national case in pointprovides illuminating insights into how the humanities over time had torelate to various regimes of legitimacy and enables comparisons on aninternational scale.
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33.
  • Gustafsson, Håkan, 1976- (författare)
  • Development of sensitive EPR dosimetry methods
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry using the well established dosimeter material alanine is a generally accepted dosimetric method for measurements of high absorbed doses. Alanine EPR dosimetry is however not sensitive enough for high precision measurements of low (< 5 Gy) absorbed doses using reasonably measurement times and small dosimeters. It has therefore not been possible to fully exploit the benefits of EPR dosimetry for applications in radiation therapy.The aim of this thesis was to show that sensitive EPR dosimetry is a competitive method for applications in radiation therapy fulfilling the requirements of measurement precision. Our strategy for reaching this goal was to search for new, more sensitive, EPR dosimeter materials fulfilling the criteria of being tissue equivalent, having a high radical yield and having a narrow EPR spectrum suitable for dosimetry. The best materials were found among formates and dithionates. Doping with small amounts of metal ions and recrystallisation in D2O were tested to further increase the sensitivity. Four promising candidate materials were tested regarding radical stability and dose response and among them lithium formate was chosen for dosimetry in radiation therapy applications.A high precision EPR dosimetry method was developed using lithium formate. The method included the development of a production method for EPR dosimeters with very homogenous shape, mass and composition. A read-out process was developed with maximal measurement precision for reasonably short measurement times. The method also included a dosimeter quality control before actual dose measurements. Measurement accuracy was controlled for every new dosimeter batch.This high precision lithium formate EPR dosimetry method was evaluated for pretreatment verifications of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans. The precision and accuracy was shown to be sufficient (< 5 %) for measurements of doses above 1.5 Gy using one single dosimeter and a measurement time of 15 minutes. The described evaluation is therefore a demonstration of the improved precision at low dose determinations that is available with our sensitive EPR dosimeter materials.While the EPR signal intensity is proportional to absorbed dose, the signal shape is in some cases dependent on the radiation quality. A new method is presented for simultaneous measurements of beam LET (linear energy transfer) and absorbed dose in heavy charged particle beams using potassium dithionate EPR dosimetry. The study shows that when irradiating a dosimeter with 35 MeV carbon ions, the ratio of the signal amplitudes from two radicals in potassium dithionate vary along the track indicating a dependence on linear energy transfer, LET. Potassium dithionate may therefore be a promising EPR dosimeter material for simultaneous measurements of absorbed dose and LET in heavy charged particle radiation fields.
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34.
  • Gustafsson, Ulf, 1976- (författare)
  • Ventricular rotation and the rotation axis : a new concept in cardiac function
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: The twisting motion of the left ventricle (LV), with clockwise rotation at the base and counter clockwise rotation at the apex during systole, is a vital part of LV function. Even though LV rotation has been studied for decades, the rotation pattern has not been described in detail. By the introduction of speckle tracking echocardiography measuring rotation has become easy of access. However, the axis around which the LV rotates has never before been assessed. The aims of this thesis were to describe the rotation pattern of the LV in detail (study I), to assess RV apical rotation (study II), develop a method to assess the rotation axis (study III) and finally to study the effect of regional ischemia to the rotation pattern of the LV (study IV). Methods: Healthy humans were examined in study I-III and the final study populations were 40 (60±14 years), 14 (62±11 years) and 39 (57±16 years) subjects, respectively. In study IV six young pigs (32-40kg) were studied. Standard echocardiographic examinations were performed. In study IV the images were recorded before and 4 minutes after occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Rotation was measured in short axis images by using a speckle tracking software. By development of custom software, the rotation axis of the LV was calculated at different levels in every image frame throughout the cardiac cycle. Results: Study I showed significant difference in rotation between basal and apical rotations, as well as significant differences between segments at basal and mid ventricular levels. The rotation pattern of the LV was associated with different phases of the cardiac cycle. Study II found significant difference in rotation between the LV and the RV. RV rotation was heterogeneous and bi-directional, creating a ´tightening belt action´ to reduce it circumference. Study III indicated that the new method could assess the rotation axis of the LV. The motion of the rotation axes in healthy humans displayed a physiological and consistent pattern. Study IV found a significant difference in the rotation pattern, between baseline and after LAD occlusion, by measuring the rotation axes, but not by conventional measurements of rotation. AV-plane displacement and wall motion score (WMS) were also significantly changed after inducing regional ischemia. Conclusion: There are normally large regional differences in LV rotation, which can be associated anatomy, activation pattern and cardiac phases, indicating its importance to LV function. In difference to the LV, the RV did not show any functional rotation. However, its heterogeneous circumferential motion could still be of importance to RV function and may in part be the result of ventricular interaction. The rotation axis of the LV can now be assessed by development of a new method, which gives a unique view of the rotation pattern. The quality measurements and results in healthy humans indicate that it has a potential clinical implication in identifying pathological rotation. This was supported by the experimental study showing that the rotation axis was more sensitive than traditional measurements of rotation and as sensitive as AV-plane displacement and WMS in detecting regional myocardial dysfunction.
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35.
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36.
  • Jennings Saul, Caroline (författare)
  • Extending Access : Perspectives on Business Model Innovation in Water and Sanitation Service Provision
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Many organizations are attempting to improve the well-being of people living in poverty, whether it be philanthropic, through offering transformative services, or buying into the doing well by doing good ethos of corporate Base of the Pyramid (BoP) strategies. Some of these efforts are being directed towards extending access to safely managed water and sanitation services to everyone. There are many factors that contribute to the complexity of reaching universal water and sanitation coverage including limited finance, cultural practices, and localized effects of climate change. Once a community has access, sustaining it can be hindered by poor design, maintenance, or governance.The aim of this dissertation is to examine the roles of business models and business model innovation in providing and later scaling water and sanitation services in low-income countries. In doing so, it brings together poverty alleviation and business model theories to address barriers specific to the water and sanitation sectors. This dissertation is a compilation of seven different papers that follow a case study approach. The cases used in these studies are of non-governmental organizations, social businesses, small and medium-sized enterprises, and multinational enterprises that work in the water and sanitation sector in low-income countries.The findings of this dissertation span theoretical levels: business models, business model innovation, and capability development and sectors: water and sanitation. Each paper contributes to the intersection of at least two of these factors, e.g., by classifying business models and business model innovations in water service providers or examining the multiple business models used by a single sanitation service provider.Overall, this dissertation has analysed key theories in market-based approaches to poverty alleviation with regard to business model thinking and provides insights into offering services and expanding social impact in BoP markets.
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37.
  • Jönsson, Anders, 1969- (författare)
  • An evaluation of the distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls and organic matter in coastal sediments
  • 2004
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of what processes and mechanism affects the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organic carbon in coastal sediments. Because of the strong association of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) such as PCBs with organic matter in the aquatic environment, these two entities are naturally linked. The coastal environment is the most complex and dynamic part of the ocean when it comes to both cycling of organic matter and HOCs. This environment is characterised by the largest fluxes and most diverse sources of both entities. A wide array of methods was used to study these processes throughout this thesis. In the field sites in the Stockholm archipelago of the Baltic proper, bottom sediments and settling particulate matter were retrieved using sediment coring devices and sediment traps from morphometrically and seismically well-characterized locations. In the laboratory, the samples have been analysed for PCBs, stable carbon isotope ratios, carbon-nitrogen atom ratios as well as standard sediment properties. From the fieldwork in the Stockholm Archipelago and the following laboratory work it was concluded that the inner Stockholm archipelago has a low (≈ 4%) trapping efficiency for freshwater-derived organic carbon. The corollary is a large potential for long-range waterborne transport of OC and OC-associated nutrients and hydrophobic organic pollutants from urban Stockholm to more pristine offshore Baltic Sea ecosystems.Theoretical work has been carried out using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical methods on a database of 4214 individual sediment samples, each with reported individual PCB congener concentrations. From this work it was concluded that the continental shelf sediments are key global inventories and ultimate sinks of PCBs. Depending on congener, 10-80% of the cumulative historical emissions to the environment are accounted for in continental shelf sediments. Further it was concluded that the many infamous and highly contaminated surface sediments of urban harbours and estuaries of contaminated rivers cannot be of importance as a secondary source to sustain the concentrations observed in remote sediments. Of the global shelf PCB inventory < 1% are in sediments near population centres while ≥ 90% is in remote areas (> 10 km from any dwellings). The remote sub-basin of the North Atlantic Ocean contains approximately half of the global shelf sediment inventory for most of the PCBs studied.
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38.
  • Löfgren, Martin, 1975- (författare)
  • The Leader of the Pack : A Service Perspective on Packaging and Customer Satisfaction
  • 2006
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Almost everything we as consumers buy in a store has a package. Packages have many functions – some, if not all, present marketers with the opportunity to gain competitive advantages. The packaging influences the usage behavior long after it has influenced the purchase, therefore it is an interesting empirical context to study within the field of marketing. Nevertheless, academic attention to packaging has been sparse over the last two decades even though the industry focus on packaging as a strategic tool has grown over that same period. Exceptions in the marketing literature are investigations of packaging and brand communication, advertisement-package coordination, and packaging size and shape. In contrast to the traditional approach that views packaging as a complimenting non-product-related attribute, it is suggested in this thesis that packaging is a product-related attribute that does affect the customers’ experiences of products.The overall aim of this thesis is to develop and test theoretical models and provide empirical evidence of customer experiences in the context of packaging from a service perspective. To study packaging from a service perspective is relevant for several reasons. One reason is that packaging can have several functions, which include more than the physical package. Another reason is that packages are carriers of information that is interpreted by customers. The combination of function, information, the physical package, and its content creates the total customer experience.The results of this thesis provide increased knowledge about packaging and customer experiences from a service perspective. On an attribute level, quality attributes such as protection and usability are categorized according to Kano’s theory of attractive quality. The results show that customers’ evaluations of packages are multi-dimensional. On a comprehensive or an overall level, structural equation modeling is used to investigate the consumption process. We conclude that the quality attributes of packages need to be designed to display quality both on the shelf in a store and during usage and consumption at both the attribute and comprehensive level.
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39.
  • Pape Møller, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Interaction of climate change with effects of conspecific and heterospecific density on reproduction
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 129:12, s. 1807-1819
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We studied the relationship between temperature and the coexistence of great tit Parus major and blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, breeding in 75 study plots across Europe and North Africa. We expected an advance in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer springs as a general response to climate warming and a delay in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer winters due to density‐dependent effects. As expected, as spring temperature increases laying date advances and as winter temperature increases clutch size is reduced in both species. Density of great tit affected the relationship between winter temperature and laying date in great and blue tit. Specifically, as density of great tit increased and temperature in winter increased both species started to reproduce later. Density of blue tit affected the relationship between spring temperature and blue and great tit laying date. Thus, both species start to reproduce earlier with increasing spring temperature as density of blue tit increases, which was not an expected outcome, since we expected that increasing spring temperature should advance laying date, while increasing density should delay it cancelling each other out. Climate warming and its interaction with density affects clutch size of great tits but not of blue tits. As predicted, great tit clutch size is reduced more with density of blue tits as temperature in winter increases. The relationship between spring temperature and density on clutch size of great tits depends on whether the increase is in density of great tit or blue tit. Therefore, an increase in temperature negatively affected the coexistence of blue and great tits differently in both species. Thus, blue tit clutch size was unaffected by the interaction effect of density with temperature, while great tit clutch size was affected in multiple ways by these interactions terms.
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40.
  • Sandén, Bodil, 1973- (författare)
  • The Customer's Role in New Service Development
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Given today’s industry dynamics, new service development is becoming increasingly important to the competitiveness, growth, and survival of organizations. Unfortunately, new service development has proven to be a complex and difficult task. Numerous reasons are stated in the literature such as the difficulty of understanding and anticipating latent customer needs and insufficient market research techniques. To facilitate proactive learning about the customer, recent findings stress customer involvement in the development process and observations of customers in real action.The overall objective of the dissertation is to contribute to an increased knowledge of customer involvement, i.e., the role of customers as contributors and co-creators in new service development. The thesis draws on theory from market and learning orientation in conjunction with a service-centered model, and provides an extensive review of literature on customer involvement in innovation. In five separate studies, this doctor’s thesis addresses the customer’s role in innovation activities in various industries (e.g., Staffing Services, Airline Services, and Mobile Telecommunication services).In this thesis it is argued that interaction is not only the focal point of services, but also the essence of customer involvement. A special emphasis is put on supporting techniques as these are the means by which customer information and knowledge are created. In addition, results are provided showing that customer involvement in innovation pays off. Companies that engage in collaborative innovation with customers can expect improved customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profit margin.
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41.
  • Sandström, Birgitta, 1950- (författare)
  • Den välplanerade sexualiteten : frihet och kontroll i 1970-talets svenska sexualpolitik
  • 2001
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The purpose of this dissertation is to give a perspective on the governmentality in official texts on Swedish sexual politics, focusing on the first half of the 1970s. The study also aims at understanding of the strategies of the sexual politics of the 1970s, with reference to earlier time periods, i.e. the study also includes analyses of sexual policy texts from the 1930s, 40s, 50s and 60s. The relation between the scope of action-limitations and authority-individual, presented and maintained in the texts, is analyzed, as well as what techniques, strategies and forms of influence can be understood in the examined material. The theoretical guidelines along which this research is organized are based on Michel Foucault’s and his followers’ analyses of the so-called modern welfare state’s strategies for governing, for which the term governmentality is used. The term is used as an analytical tool for clarifying strategies for governing and conceptions of sexuality when working with the material. The material consists of interviews, internal and external texts from authorities and official government commissions. The result of the study shows that in the texts of the early 1970s a breach is made in the way of talking about rationality for governing. The medical-technical development and the rewriting of the abortion law creates legitimacy for new ways of speaking of conceptions about sexuality as well as influence. From an earlier representation of the citizen as a passive object, to be governed from above in a certain direction, an interactive strategy is now offered. The human being as an individual is chiselled out, and the idea that the main responsibility for one’s own and other persons’ happiness rests on the individual and not on the authority makes a dialectical leap. The strategies for governing become horizontal, where terms like personal talks and dialogue are given a prominent position. Several functions, earlier handled without government interference, become a public matter in the 1970s. This involves medical records and registration, leading to an extensive investigation of women’s sexual patterns which, according to Foucault, can be seen as a biopolitical exercise of power. Different measures are suggested during different periods and also reflect how the picture of gender, sexuality and society is legitimized. In this respect, men’s sexuality is left outside the observation and control of the authorities. Simultaneously, women’s new influen-ce on sexuality and reproduction can be seen as an educational project which to a great extent is also aimed at regulating men’s sexuality. The discursive formation does not follow any distinct calender time. The overriding objects of change are women and youth, where above all women are in focus. Women are constantly represented as exposed and in need of support and assistance. They are considered to sometimes need to be open and sometimes to keep back their sexuality. Men are pictured as unmanageable and unreliable. The trend is to emancipate women from men and from the patriarchal family as a system for economy and care, in reassuring an economic and emotional independence.
  •  
42.
  • Stenman, Anders (författare)
  • Just-in-Time Models with Applications to Dynamical Systems
  • 1997
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • System identification deals with the problem of estimating models of dynamical systems given observations from the systems. In this thesis we focus on the nonlinear modeling problem, and, in particular, on the situation that occurs when a very large amount of data is available.Traditional treatments of the estimation problem in statistics and system identification have mainly focused on global modeling approaches, i.e., the model has been optimized using the entire data set. However, when the number of samples becomes large, this approach becomes less attractive mainly because of the computational complexity.We instead assume that all observations are stored in a database, and that models are built dynamically as the actual need arises. When a model is really needed in a neighborhood around an operating point, a subset of the data closest to the operating point is retrieved from the database, and a local modeling operationis performed on that subset. For this concept, the name Just-in-Time models has been adopted.It is proposed that the Just-in-Time estimator is formed as a weighted average of the data in the neighborhood, where the weights are optimized such that the pointwise mean square error (MSE) measure is minimized. The number of data retrieved from the database is determined using a local bias/variance error tradeo. This is closely related to the nonparametric kernel estimation concept which is commonly used in statistics. A review of kernel methods is therefore presented in one of the introductory chapters.The asymptotical properties of the method are investigated. It is shown that the Just-in-Time estimator produces consistent estimates, and that the convergence rate as a function of the sample size is of the same order as for the kernel methods. Two important applications for the concept are presented. The first one considers nonlinear time domain identification, which is the problem of predicting the outputs of nonlinear dynamical systems given data sets of past inputs and outputs of the systems. The second one occurs within frequency domain identication whenone is faced with the problem of estimating the frequency response function of alinear system.Compared to global methods, the advantage with Just-in-Time models is that they are optimized locally, which might increase the performance. A possible drawback is the computational complexity, both because we have to search for neighborhoods in a multidimensional regressor space, and because the derived estimator is quite demanding in terms of computational eort.
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43.
  •  
44.
  • Tronvoll, Bård, 1964- (författare)
  • Customer Complaint Behaviour in Service
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • It is vital for every service provider to get feedback from its customers. This is especially important when a customer has perceived an unfavourable service experience. One way to receive feedback from these customers is to encourage and make it easy for them to complain. Scholarly knowledge about complaint behaviour gives the service provider valuable insight about service problems and how to improve e.g. service offerings, service processes and interactions, to increase customer satisfaction, loyalty and profit. For that reason it is argued that customers who have an unfavourable service experience should be encouraged to complain, because if not, the provider risks losing the customer and thus future revenue. Previous research within complaint behaviour has mainly focused on the static description of motivation, antecedents, or the outcome response of complaint behaviour. The research has mainly explored different features linked to the market, the provider, the service and/or individual customer’s issues. To learn more about the customer’s complaint behaviour there is a need to take a dynamic and processual approach. This may help providers to serve customers more correctly and prevent unfavourable service experiences. The main aim of this dissertation is to enhance the knowledge of the dynamic behavioural processes in customer complaint behaviour. The dissertation will contribute to conceptualise different aspects of customer complaint behaviour. In addition, the dissertation will give an empirical grounded understanding of contextual and emotional aspects that may help to recognize the complexity of the complaint behaviour process. The contribution is a portrayal of different models describing the dynamic process of complaint behaviour including a new customer complaint behaviour model. Customer complaint behaviour is viewed as action and reaction - as a dynamic adjustment process that occurs during and/or after the service interaction, rather as a post-purchase activity. In order to capture these adjustments, a new conceptual complaint model is suggested which holds three thresholds for complaint behaviour and emphasis three different behavioural categories in the complaint process. Further, the dissertation gives an explanation of contextual and emotional issues that influence the complaint behaviour. The dissertation also includes an epistemological framework to anchor the paradigmatic belongings of service research as a basis for the design of studies in the area of customer complaint behaviour.
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