| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Enkirch, Theresa, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatitis A outbreak linked to imported frozen strawberries by sequencing, Sweden and Austria, June to September 2018
- 2018
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - : European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 23:41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Between June-September 2018, 20 hepatitis A cases were notified in six counties in Sweden. Combined epidemiological and microbiological investigations identified imported frozen strawberries produced in Poland as the source of the outbreak. Sequence analysis confirmed the outbreak strain IB in the strawberries with 100 % identity and the respective batch was withdrawn. Sharing the sequence information internationally led to the identification of 14 additional cases in Austria, linked to strawberries from the same producer.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Tema miljörisker : miljörisker och trafikanters beteenden
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report compiles the results from the project Theme Environmental risks. More specifically, the project concerned how different transport related environmental risks influence different road users and how their behaviour influence the environment. The project aimed at preparing for interdisciplinary research about environmental risks at VTI. The project was divided into three parts. The first subproject aimed at compiling literature about transport related environmental risks from psychological and economic perspectives, and in the second subproject a willingness to pay study was outlined where both economic and psychological principles were considered. In the third subproject, a simulator study was outlined. The focus was to study environmental effects of driving under controlled circumstances in the driving simulator. The report is divided into two parts. In part 1, the results from the literature review and the proposal for a willingness to pay study are described (subproject 1 and 2). This part is written in English. Part 2 contains a project outline for a simulator study in the form of an research project application (project 3). This part is written in Swedish.
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| 6. |
- Granlund, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Tidig upptäckt - tidig insats (TUTI) : slutrapport
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ur sammanfattningen: Små barns psykiska hälsa har de senaste åren uppmärksammats mer än tidigare. De insatser som görs för att stärka hälsa hos små barn har visat sig ge goda effekter på barns psykiska hälsa senare i livet. Förskolan har lyfts fram både som en miljö i vilken barns psykiska ohälsa tidigt kan upptäckas men också som en miljö som genom tidiga insatser kan främja god psykisk hälsa och ge skydd mot ohälsa. Angående små barn i Sverige saknas en samlad kunskap om väl validerade instrument för att mäta psykisk ohälsa hos små barn, förekomsten av psykisk ohälsa och även om de åtgärder som görs i förskolan för att skydda mot senare negativ utveckling av psykisk hälsa hos barnen. Uppdraget från Socialstyrelsen handlar om att validera ett instrument för att mäta beteendeproblem hos små barn och att kartlägga förekomsten av beteendeproblem hos små barn. Även åtgärder som utförs i förskolan för gruppen kartläggs. Fokus ligger alltså på tidig upptäckt och tidig insats (TUTI) när det gäller små barn som uppvisar beteendeproblem i förskolan.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Berit, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal pathways of engagement, social interaction skills,hyperactivity and conduct problems in preschool children
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 62:2, s. 170-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preschool children’s engagement/social interaction skills can be seen as aspects of positive functioning, and also act as protective aspects of functioning.On the other hand, hyperactivity/conduct problems are risk aspects that negatively affect children’s everyday functioning. Few studies have investigatedsuch orchestrated effects on mental health in young children over time. The aims of the study are rst, to identify homogeneous groups of children havingsimilar pathways in mental health between three time points. Second, to examine how children move between time points in relation to risk and protectivefactors. Alongitudinal study over 3 years, including 197 Swedish preschool children was used. Questionnaire data collected from preschool teachers.Statistical analysis using person-oriented methods with repeated cluster analyses. Children high in engagement/social skills and low in conduct problemscontinue to function well. Children with low engagement/social skills exhibiting both hyperactivity and conduct problems continue to have problems.Children with mixed patterns of protective factors and risk factors showed mixed outcomes. The stability of children’s pathways was quite high if theyexhibited many positive protective factors but also if they exhibited many risk factors. Children exhibiting a mixed pattern of protective and risk factorsmoved between clusters in a less predictable way. That stability in mental health was related to the simultaneous occurrence of either many protectivefactors or many risk factors supports the notion of orchestrated effects. The results indicate that early interventions need to have a dual focus, includingboth interventions aimed at enhancing child engagement and interventions focused on decreasing behavior problem.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Christine, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Trust leading to hope - the signification of meaningful encounters in Swedish healthcare. The narratives of patients, relatives and healthcare staff
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Practice Development Journal. - 2046-9292. ; 3:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The fact that patients and relatives experience poor healthcare encounters is evident in the number of complaints to patients’ advisory committees, and from studies and statistics. Looking at ‘the other side of the coin’, research into good caring encounters experienced as meaningful encounters in healthcare is scarce.Aim: To illuminate the signification of meaningful encounters in healthcare. 124 narratives from patients, relatives and healthcare staff regarding experiences of meaningful encounters in Swedish healthcare were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic research method.Conclusions: The results indicate that a meaningful encounter means gratefulness, is founded on trust, cooperation and courage, and results in self-trust through wellbeing, increased understanding and life-changing insights. The encounters have given insight into, and increased understanding of, the patient’s own life, the families’ lives, and/or healthcare professionals’ lives. With this, and awareness of the importance and power of meaningful encounters, healthcare staff might use a meaningful encounter as a powerful instrument in caring.Implications for practice:For patients and relatives, trust derived from meaningful encounters in healthcare leads to self-trustCaring within healthcare consisting of meaningful encounters, ‘the other side of the coin’ gives important knowledge that could facilitate improvements in healthcare staff’s encounters with patients and relatives, and also enrichment in their own professional developmentIncreased understanding and awareness of the power of meaningful encounters can be discussed in terms of patient safety
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Lena-Karin, 1966-
(författare)
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Försoning : ur ett vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingens övergripande syfte var att ur ett vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv belysa försoningens innebörder i förhållande till människans hälsa och lidande. Valet av perspektiv grundar sig på vårdvetenskapens ställningstaganden i relation till hälsa och lidande. De grundantaganden som varit forskningens utgångspunkt är att hälsa är mer än frånvaro av sjukdom, att hälsa innebär helhet och helighet, att lidande är en oskiljaktig del av livet samt att lidande och hälsa utgör varandras förutsättningar. Valet av perspektiv grundar sig dessutom på den kliniska vårdvetenskapens tankar om grundforskning vilken har som sin övergripande uppgift att forma ideal för vårdandet. Grundforskning inom klinisk vårdvetenskap syftar i första hand till utveckling av kunskap kring hälsa, lidande och vårdande samt förståelse för dessa fenomen i den kliniska situationen. Föreliggande forsknings övergripande frågeställningen var: Vad är försoningens innebörder? Denna frågeställning följdes av: Vad är försoning relaterat till hälsa och lidande? Forskningen har genomförts via fyra delstudier som alla skiftat gällande material och metod. Den övergripande metodologin har haft sin utgångspunkt i hermeneutik inspirerad av Paul Ricoeur. Den första delstudien är en metasyntes av aktuell forskning som berört försoning, medan den andra delstudien utgörs av en begreppsanalys av ordböcker. Delstudie tre består av skönlitterära texter som lyfter fram innebörder av försoning. Tolkningsprocessen i den tredje delstudien har följt en fenomenologisk hermeneutik riktning. Den fjärde delstudien är empirisk och utgår från berättelser om försoning. Dessa försoningsberättelser, från åtta kvinnor med personliga erfarenhet av sorg, har tolkats med utgångspunkt i en hermeneutisk narrativ ansats. Slutligen har en stillbild skapats utifrån förståelsen så som den framträder framför texten då avhandlingens olika delstudier gått i dialektik med varandra samt med tolkningsramen. Stillbilden utgör en belysning av försoningens innebörder i förhållande till människans hälsa och lidande. I denna visuella stillbild framträder två olika former av innebörder; De yttre formerna av försoningens innebörder belyser försoningens gestaltning och position i förhållande till hälsa och lidande. Försoning innehar en progressiv form som innebär en övergång från upplevelse av delar till helhet men också en helande process mellan dåtid och nutid samt utgör därmed en länk till framtiden. De inre formerna av försoningens innebörder belyser människans inre förhållande till hälsa och lidande. Försoningens innebörd kan ses som ett förenande genom härbärgerande av motsatser som tidigare varit skilda och omöjliga att rymma inom människan i en heterogens syntes.
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| 11. |
- Gustafsson, Lena-Karin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of reconciliation : Women’s stories about theirexperience of reconciliation with suffering from grief
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:3, s. 525-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Grief can be seen as a form of suffering. In this study grief was not only defined as loss, but as the process of inner suffering caused of some kinds of loss. We must recognise the importance of increased understanding for patient reconciliation with grief to expand earlier formulated knowledge about health and suffering. The aim in this study was ti illuminate the meaning of reconciliation among women suffering from grief.Methods:A qualitative explorative design with a hermeneutic narrative approach was used to analyse and interpret the interviews. Caring theory abouth health, suffering and hermeneutical philosophy about understanding provided the point of departure for the analysis. The study was approved by an ethical research committé.Results:Findings reveal different plots that give light to the meaning of reconciliation in the different phases of analysis. In the Women´s narratives the meaning of reconciliation is a process to a new way of seeing, but also to opening and transition from the experience of grief and suffering to the experience of health and holiness.Conclusions: Reconciliation has a progressive form and the meaning of reconciliation cannot be seen as synonymous or homogenous but an understanding of reconciliation as a heterogenic synthesis of health and suffering. Understanding the reconciliation process will enable nurses to plan and provide professional care, based on caring science.
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| 12. |
- Gustafsson, Lena-Karin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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The meaningful encounter : Patient and next of kin stories about their experience of meaningful encounters in health care
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nursing Inquiry. - : Wiley. - 1320-7881 .- 1440-1800. ; 20:4, s. 363-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on the meaningful encounters of patients and next of kin, seen from their perspective. Identifying the attributes within meaningful encounters is important for increased understanding of caring and to expand and develop earlier formulated knowledge about caring relationships. Caring theory about the caring relationship and provided a point of departure for the study. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaningful encounter in health care contexts narrated by patients and next of kin. A qualitative explorative design with a hermeneutic narrative approach was used to analyze and interpret the written narratives. Phases were: Naïve interpretation, structure analysis on two different levels a) analysis of narrative structure b) analysis of deep structure through metaphors and finally a dialectic interpretation. In the narratives the meaning of the meaningful encounter was sharing, a nourishing fellowship, common responsibility and coming together experienced as safety and warmth and gives, by extension, life changing moments, a healing force and dissipated insight. The meaningful encounter can be seen as a complex phenomenon that has different attributes. Understanding the meaningful encounter will enable nurses to plan and provide professional care, based on caring science focusing on patient and next of kin experience.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Gustafsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Tree traits and canopy closure data from an experiment with 34 planted species native to Sabah, Borneo
- 2016
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 6, s. 466-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The data presented in this paper is supporting the research article "Life history traits predict the response to increased light among 33 tropical rainforest tree species" [3]. We show basic growth and survival data collected over the 6 years duration of the experiment, as well as data from traits inventories covering 12 tree traits collected prior to and after a canopy reduction treatment in 2013. Further, we also include canopy closure and forest light environment data from measurements with hemispherical photographs before and after the treatment. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 15. |
- Hedwall, Per-Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Half a century of multiple anthropogenic stressors has altered northern forest understory plant communities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - : Wiley. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boreal forests form the largest and least disturbed forest biome in the northern hemisphere. However, anthropogenic pressure from intensified forest management, eutrophication, and climate change may alter the ecosystem functions of understory vegetation and services boreal forests provide. Swedish forests span long gradients of climate, nitrogen deposition, and management intensity. This makes them ideal to study how the species composition and functions of other, more pristine, boreal forests might change under increased anthropogenic pressure. Moreover, the National Forest Inventory (NFI) has collected systematic data on Swedish forest vegetation since the mid-20th century. We use this data to quantify changes in vegetation types between two periods, 1953-1962 and 2003-2012. The results show changes in forest understory vegetation since the 1950s at scales not previously documented in the boreal biome. The spatial extent of most vegetation types changed significantly. Shade-adapted and nutrient-demanding species (those with high specific leaf area) have become more common at the expense of light-demanding and nutrient-conservative (low specific leaf area) species. The cover of ericaceous dwarf shrubs decreased dramatically. These effects were strongest where anthropogenic impacts were greatest, suggesting links to drivers such as nitrogen deposition and land-use change. These changes may impact ecosystem functions and services via effects on higher trophic levels and faster plant litter decomposition in the expanding vegetation types. This, in turn, may influence nutrient dynamics, and consequently ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration.
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| 16. |
- Hedwall, Per-Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between local and global drivers determine long-term trends in boreal forest understorey vegetation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 30, s. 1765-1780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Global change effects on forest ecosystems are increasingly claimed to be context dependent, indicated by interactions between global and local environmental drivers. Most examples of such context dependencies originate from temperate systems, while limited research comes from the boreal biome. Here we set out to test if interactions between climate warming, nitrogen deposition, land-use change resulting in increasing forest density, and soil pH drive long-term changes in understorey vegetation in boreal forests. Location Sweden. Time period 1953-2012. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We used long-term (50 years) National Forest Inventory data on forest understorey vegetation in Sweden to model the combined effects of climate warming, nitrogen deposition, increase in forest density (tree basal area), and soil pH. Results Our results identify increasing temperature, nitrogen deposition and denser, shadier forest conditions as the main drivers of understorey vegetation changes during this time period. More importantly, we found that these effects varied with local conditions, that is, that the change towards a more nitrophilic understorey vegetation was more pronounced at low than high soil pH. Forest density was an important modulator of nitrogen deposition and temperature increase, with effects generally decreasing with density. Decreased cover of ericaceous dwarf shrubs was driven by both forest density and nitrogen deposition, with a stronger effect at low than at high pH. Main conclusions Our results highlight that to understand forest ecosystems' response to global change, and to make adequate management decisions to mitigate the effects of global change, we need to understand how changes in local environmental factors (forest density and soil pH) interact with global-scale drivers (nitrogen deposition and climate warming). Neglecting such interactions will lead to incorrect estimations of effects. In our case, we would for example, have underestimated the eutrophication effects on acid soils, which constitute a considerable part of the boreal biome.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Snellman, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Patients’ and Caregivers’ Attributes in a Meaningful Care Encounter : Similarities and Notable Differences
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aging in a Changing World. - : Hindawi Limited. ; 2012:Article ID 320145
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In today’s healthcare system, there is an imbalance between what patients expect of caregivers’ care and their perception of the care they get. How is it possible to reduce this imbalance? The aim of this paper was to describe attributes associated with meaningful encounters in the Swedish healthcare system based on patients’ and caregivers’ written narratives and to note the differences and similarities between the attributes identified by the two groups. This paper is a qualitative descriptive study. The analysis was guided by qualitative content analyses. Based on patients’ narratives, attributes associated with a meaningful encounter fell into four categories: the kind-hearted caregiver, the thoughtful caregiver, the mutually oriented caregiver, and the helpful caregiver. Based on caregivers’ narratives, the attributes were categorized as being humane, caring through physical contact, caring by nurturing communication, joy and laughter in care, and a sense of mutuality. The results show that there are both similarities and differences in patients’ and caregivers’ opinions about the attributes of ameaningful encounter. Knowing more about the attributes associated with meaningful encounters makes it possible for caregivers to individualize care for patients and makes it easier to help and support patients in what they most need support with.
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| 19. |
- von Bahr, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term complications, immunologic effects, and role of passage for outcome in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 18:4, s. 557-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-one patients treated with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) or hemorrhagic cystitis between 2002 and 2007 were followed to investigate predictors of outcome, immunologic effects in vivo, and long-term survival. There was no correlation between in vitro suppression by MSCs in mixed lymphocyte cultures and outcome. Soluble IL-2 receptors were measured in blood before and after MSC infusion and declined significantly during the first week after MSC infusion (P = .03). Levels of interleukin-6 and HLA-G were unaffected. Infectious complications occurred several years after recovery from aGVHD. Cytomegalovirus viral load was high, and cytomegalovirus disease was common. Among patients recovering from aGVHD, 54% died of late infections, between 4 months and 2 years after MSC treatment. No increase in leukemia relapse or graft rejection was found. Children had a better survival rate than adults (P = .005). In GVHD patients, 1-year survival was 75% in patients who received early-passage MSCs (from passages 1-2) in contrast to 21% using later passage MSCs (from passages 3-4) (P < .01). We conclude that treatment with early-passage MSCs improved survival in patients with therapy-resistant GVHD. Death from infection was common in MSC-treated patients, but there was no increase in leukemia relapse.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Albers, Eva, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Ser3p (Yer081wp) and Ser33p (Yil074cp) are phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2003
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Ingår i: J Biol Chem. ; 278, s. 10264-10272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two genes YER081W and YIL074C, renamed SER3 and SER33, respectively, which encode phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified. These dehydrogenases catalyze the first reaction of serine and glycine biosynthesis from the glycolytic metabolite 3-phosphoglycerate. Unlike either single mutant, the ser3Delta ser33Delta double mutant lacks detectable phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity and is auxotrophic for serine or glycine for growth on glucose media. However, the requirement for the SER-dependent "phosphoglycerate pathway" is conditional since the "glyoxylate" route of serine/glycine biosynthesis is glucose-repressed. Thus, in cells grown on ethanol both expression and activity of all SER-encoded proteins are low, including the remaining enzymes of the phosphoglycerate pathway, Ser1p and Ser2p. Moreover the available nitrogen source regulates the expression of SER genes. However, for only SER33, and not SER3, expression was regulated in relation to the available nitrogen source in a coordinated fashion with SER1 and SER2. Based on these mRNA data together with data on enzyme activities, Ser33p is likely to be the main isoenzyme of the phosphoglycerate pathway during growth on glucose. Moreover, since phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity requires NAD+ as cofactor, deletion of SER3 and SER33 markedly affected redox metabolism as shown by substrate and product analysis.
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| 28. |
- Alfredsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Individual long-term variation of platelet reactivity in patients with dual antiplatelet therapy after myocardial infarction.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Platelets. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7104 .- 1369-1635. ; 30:5, s. 572-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a large inter-individual variation in response to clopidogrel treatment, and previous studies have indicated higher risk of thrombotic events in those with high residual platelet reactivity (HPR). Less is known about individual variation over time. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate intra-individual variation in platelet reactivity. Platelet aggregation in whole blood was assessed in 77 patients, at 3 days, 8 days and 6 months after admission for acute myocardial infarction and loading dose of clopidogrel. All patients were treated with aspirin and clopidogrel through 6-month follow-up. We found a significant increase in median ADP-stimulated aggregation from third to eighth day (195 vs. 250 AU*min, p-value = 0.001) but not from day 8 to 6 months (250 vs. 223 AU*min, p-value = 0.666). There was no significant change in the overall rate of HPR (15.6% vs 20.8%, p-value 0.503) or low platelet reactivity (LPR) (37.7% vs 33.8%, p-value = 0.609) from day 8 to 6-month follow-up. In contrast, more than one in four changed HPR status, 15.6% from non-HPR to HPR and 10.4% HPR to non-HPR. A shift in LPR status appeared even more frequent, occurring in about one of three patients. In spite of similar median aggregation and rate of HPR during 6-month follow-up, about one in four of the patients changed HPR status and one in three changed LPR status. This may be important information for a concept of risk stratification based on a single aggregation value early after an acute coronary syndromes.
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| 29. |
- Alfredsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Large early variation of residual platelet reactivity in Acute Coronary Syndrome patients treated with clopidogrel : Results from Assessing Platelet Activity in Coronary Heart Disease (APACHE).
- 2015
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Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Pergamon Press. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 136:2, s. 335-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: There is a large inter-individual variation in response to clopidogrel treatment and previous studies have indicated higher risk of thrombotic events in patients with high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR), but the optimal time-point for testing is not established. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal time-point for aggregometry testing and the risk of major adverse cardiac events associated with HRPR.METHOD AND RESULTS: We included 125 patients with ACS (73 with STEMI, and 71 received abciximab). The prevalence of HRPR varied substantially over time. The rate of HRPR in patients treated and not treated with abciximab were 43% vs 67% (p=0.01) before, 2% vs 23% (p=0.001) 6-8h after, 8% vs 9% (p=0.749) 3days after, and 23% vs 12% (p=0.138) 7-9 days after loading dose of clopidogrel. We found HRPR in 18% of the patients but only four ischemic events during 6months follow-up, with no significant difference between HRPR patients compared to the rest of the population. There were 3 TIMI major bleedings, all of which occurred in the low residual platelet reactivity (LRPR) group.CONCLUSION: There is a large variation in platelet reactivity over time, also depending on adjunctive therapy, which has a large impact on optimal time-point for assessment. We found HRPR in almost 1 in 5 patients, but very few MACE, and not significantly higher in HRPR patients. In a contemporary ACS population, with low risk for stent thrombosis, the predictive value of HRPR for ischemic events will probably be low.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Eva-Lotta, 1966-
(författare)
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Kön och ansvar i sjukförsäkringen : En studie av utredningstexter 1944 - 2006
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, the welfare state has changed as a result of various market adaptations and privatisations. The state’s responsibility for the provision of welfare has diminished and responsibility has been shifted onto the market, the family and civil society.The aim of this thesis is to examine how shifting the responsibility for sickness insurance between the state, the market and the family interacts with ideas and beliefs about gender, and what the consequences are for the eligibility to receive sickness benefit insurance of those who are insured. The material consists of governmental inquiries into the Swedish sickness insurance system from 1944 to 2006, the texts of which have been analysed using discourse analysis.The study shows that the division of responsibility studied in the texts, in various ways, worked to create a hierarchy and to maintain the separation between different categories, and thus has contributed to create gender-defined positions. The design of the sickness insurance system is shaped by gender-defined interpretative frameworks.In the texts I study how divisions of responsibility is characterised by ideas and beliefs about gender. The first period is dominated by an interpretive framework in which the man is the provider and the woman is provided for. These ideas and beliefs about gender characterise the division of responsibility, and those who are insured are separated into gender-defined groups by the way in which responsibility for different parts of the insurance system are divided between the state, the market and the family. As a result, gender-defined status positions are created, with men as policy holders and women as beneficiaries.The second period is dominated by an interpretive framework based on equality of treatment. It is characterised by ideas that both men and women contribute to supporting the household through paid work. Differentiation between the sexes decreases as women, to a much greater extent, positioned as wage-earners, while those who work in the home become increasingly marginalised as they are perceived as old-fashioned.In the third period, economic interpretive frameworks and concepts relating to insurability come, increasingly, to the fore. Differentiation increases as the responsibility is shifted to the market and the individual. The roles of beneficiary and the policy holder return, although the division is not as clearly defined by gender as it was in the first period.
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| 33. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Association of IQ scores and school achievement with suicide in a 40-year follow-up of a Swedish cohort.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 118:2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated the association of childhood IQ and school achievement with suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of childhood IQ with suicide in a cohort of Swedish women and men. METHOD: 21 809 subjects born in 1948 and 1953 who completed IQ and school tests at age 13 years have been followed until 2003. Information on paternal education and in-patient care for psychosis was linked using the Swedish personal identification number. RESULTS: There were 180 suicides amongst subjects with measured IQ. High IQ was associated with reduced suicide risk among men (OR per unit increase in age-adjusted model 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.99), while there was no statistical evidence of an association in women (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.90-1.20). Among men with a history of psychosis, high IQ was associated with an increased risk of suicide. CONCLUSION: Low childhood IQ at age 13 years is associated with an increased risk of suicide in men but not in women; however, amongst those with psychosis, low IQ appears to be protective.
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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The Association of IQ Scores and School Achievement With Suicide in a 40-year Follow-Up of a Swedish Cohort
- 2008
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Ingår i: 10th International Congress of Behavioural Medicine, Drawing from traditional sources and basic research to improve health of individuals, communities and populations, August 27-30, 2008 Tokyo, Japan.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study we have used longitudinal Swedish data with a follow up period of 40 years and included data on both men and women. By using the Swedish personal identification number, educational data (IQ- and school tests) were linked with the National Cause of Death Register, identifying all suicides in the cohorts up to 31st December 2003 and linkage was also made with the National Inpatient Register.Data on childhood socioeconomic status was also included. Our analysis identified gender differences and four broad patterns of associations between tests of intelligence and school performance at age 13 and later suicide risk. Early detection and appropriate interventions amongst children with low cognitive ability may be important in order to prevent future psychiatric disorders and suicide risk. Strategies for better cognitive function implemented in childhood and adolescence may contribute to improved adult health. Increased knowledge of mental health status and suicide risk among high performing females also needs further elucidation.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Aricescu, A R, et al.
(författare)
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Eukaryotic expression: developments for structural proteomics.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography. - 1399-0047 .- 0907-4449. ; 62, s. 1114-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of sufficient quantities of protein is an essential prelude to a structure determination, but for many viral and human proteins this cannot be achieved using prokaryotic expression systems. Groups in the Structural Proteomics In Europe (SPINE) consortium have developed and implemented high-throughput (HTP) methodologies for cloning, expression screening and protein production in eukaryotic systems. Studies focused on three systems: yeast (Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), baculovirus-infected insect cells and transient expression in mammalian cells. Suitable vectors for HTP cloning are described and results from their use in expression screening and protein-production pipelines are reported. Strategies for co-expression, selenomethionine labelling (in all three eukaryotic systems) and control of glycosylation (for secreted proteins in mammalian cells) are assessed.
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| 38. |
- Ask, Jenny, 1969-
(författare)
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Lyssna till ditt hjärta : muslimska moderskap och modrandets villkor i Sverige
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study deals with the meanings and conditions of motherhood for some Muslim women in Sweden, the majority of which live in Stockholm. The analysis is based mainly on 16 in-depth interviews with women who self-identify as Muslims. A majority of them were born in Sweden.In this study, motherhood and mothering are defined as intentional care work situated within, and shaped by, specific social, cultural and historical contexts. I examine which gendered, religious and spatial meanings are associated with mothering and Muslim identity in a Swedish transnational context. The analysis shows that religion (for most of the women) constitutes an interpretational frame for motherhood and for how children should be mothered into good Muslims and citizens. The women represent Islam as a facilitating religion by making a distinction between religion and culture. The study also shows how the women approach the problem of maintaining the children’s Muslim identities and their self-esteem in a secularized and islamophobic Swedish context, and how they stress the importance of the child developing a strong inner self. Based on the women’s own experiences of having been singled out as different, they respond to a racist logic associated with certain norms and conceptions about what counts as freedom or oppression. The interviews also reveal a transnational aspect of their mothering in which they consider what other places can offer their children. The thesis shows on the one hand how an authentic Muslim identity is related to ideas about Muslim places and origins; on the other hand it demonstrates how the women’s ambivalent affinities with Sweden, and (what they consider to be) Swedish and Muslim values, destabilize such an unambiguous connection. These ambivalent identifications show how the women’s conditional affinities become relevant for how they speak about motherhood and mothering and for how they relate to questions concerning “the good of the child”.
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| 39. |
- Asker-Árnason, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Reading Comprehension and Working Memory Capacity in Children with Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants or Hearing Aids
- 2015
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Ingår i: Volta Review. - 0042-8639 .- 2162-5158. ; Volume 115(1):Spring/Summer 2015, s. 36-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reading comprehension and three aspects of working memory—general, visuospatial and phonological—was assessed in 41 children with hearing loss: 23 with cochlear implants and 18 with hearing aids. Performance on these tests was compared between the two groups of children with hearing loss and also related to that of 55 children with typical hearing. All children were between 6 and 14 years of age. The children with hearing aids performed significantly more poorly on the reading comprehension test than the children with typical hearing but this difference was not significant between the children with cochlear implants and the children with typical hearing. In the group of children with cochlear implants, the results from the reading test and the results from all three working memory tests correlated significantly, whereas in the group of children with hearing aids there was no correlation between the reading test and the visual working memory test. The reading test results from the children with typical hearing correlated significantly with the results from the phonological working memory test but not with the other working memory tests. The authors concluded that the children with cochlear implants might have developed orthographic decoding earlier than the children with hearing aids due to their more profound hearing loss.
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| 40. |
- Asztalos Morell, Ildikó, et al.
(författare)
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Middle-class older adults living alone in urban India : Older adults’ understandings of ageing alone
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1552-8030 .- 1552-8049. ; , s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sheds light on the value systems of the middle-class metropolitan older adults living alone, on the ageing self and the person's relationship to the surrounding society based on eight interviews. Ageing research has emphasized the traditional features of elderly care in India including its collectivist values rooted in filial piety and the extended family as well as embracement of disengagement influenced by the Hindu texts on two phases in later life: "hermit" and "renunciate". Increased social and geographical mobility, however, challenges traditional family systems. Using the example of the urban middle-class older adults living alone, this study explored whether living alone constitutes a challenge to the norms that previous research associated with Indian elderly care. Using abductive phenomenographic analysis the study found that the understandings of older adults in the study show great reflexivity concerning key aspects of their lives. Although the life conditions of older adults living alone deviated in many aspects from dominant traditional norms of filial piety and a care regime based on strong intergenerational interdependence, their responses and reflections mirrored assemblages of values deeply rooted in Hindu Vedic philosophy of the Ashramas and perceptions of independence, autonomy and self-reliance associated with Western "productive" aging.
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| 41. |
- Asztalos Morell, Ildikó, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Silence or voice? : Agency freedom among elderly women living in extended families in urban India
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:23, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The preferential form of living for the elderly in India is within the extended family. India is undergoing rapid economic development, an increase in mobility, and changes in gender norms due to an increase in women’s labour force participation, which places challenges on traditional intergenerational relationships. Ageing and the well-being of the elderly is a rising concern, especially considering that their proportion of the population is expected to grow rapidly in coming decades. There is a lack of universal state provision for the elderly’s basic needs, which is especially profound for elderly women, since most do not have an independent income. This leaves the elderly dependent upon the benevolence of their adult children’s families or other relatives. This paper explores, with help of narrative analysis and critical contributions from capability theory, elderly women’s agency freedoms and how this can be contextualised with their varying capability sets. With help of Spivak’s notion of the silent subaltern, the paper anchors elderly women’s abilities to voice to their agency freedom. The master narrative of the silent supportive wife and side-lined mother-in-law as well as three counter-narratives explore alternative agencies taken by elderly women.
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| 42. |
- Backman, Ellen, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Metoder för att stimulera språk och kommunikation hos barn, ungdomar och vuxna inom habiliteringen
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Språkliga och kommunikativa begränsningar är vanligt förekommande vid ett flertal av de diagnoser och tillstånd som återfinns hos personer inom habiliteringsverksamheter i Sverige och förutsätter en tvärprofessionell och långvarig insats. Syftet med föreliggande arbete är att systematiskt beskriva bästa tillgängliga evidens avseende interventioner fokuserade på språklig och kommunikativ förmåga för personer med medfödda funktionsnedsättningar från sex års ålder och uppåt inom habiliteringsverksamhet. Arbetet kan ses som en fortsättning på EBH-rapporten ”Tidiga kommunikations- och språkinsatser till förskolebarn”.Internationellt publicerade interventionsstudier från de senaste 15 åren med fokus på språkliga och kommunikativa förmågor vid typiskt förekommande diagnoser inom habiliteringsverksamhet granskades och sammanfattades. Initialt inkluderades endast översiktsartiklar och metaanalyser, men då dessa till största delen hade fokus på autism och/eller Alternativ och Kompletterande Kommunikation (AKK) utökades sökningen till att även inkludera ett antal primärstudier med annat fokus. Rapporten omfattar 67 studier.Resultatet visar att ”stark rekommendation att använda” (enligt GRADE) endast förekommer i begränsad utsträckning, och när det förekommer är det vid insatser relaterade till autism och/eller AKK. ”Stark rekommendation att inte använda” finns vid insatser relaterade till akupunktur/akupressur och faciliterad kommunikation. Det kan konstateras att det finns en stor brist på studier avseende vuxna personer respektive intellektuell funktionsnedsättning.Detta arbete tillför ytterligare kunskap till området för evidensbaserade insatser vid svårigheter när det gäller kommunikation och språk, och visar att evidens i strikt bemärkelse är svår att erhålla bland annat beroende på de små och heterogena patientgrupperna och, som en konsekvens av detta, en brist på stora randomiserade studier.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Baygan, Arjang, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and Side Effects of Using Placenta-Derived Decidual Stromal Cells for Graft-versus-Host Disease and Hemorrhagic Cystitis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used in regenerate medicine. Placenta-derived decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are a novel therapy for acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). DSCs are more immunosuppressive than MSCs. We assessed adverse events and safety using DSCs among 44 treated patients and 40 controls. The median dose of infused cells was 1.5 (range 0.9–2.9) × 106 DSCs/kg. The patients were given 2 (1–5) doses, with a total of 82 infusions. Monitoring ended 3 months after the last DSC infusion. Three patients had transient reactions during DSC infusion. Laboratory values, hemorrhages, and transfusions were similar in the two groups. The frequency of leukemic relapse (2/2, DSC/controls) and invasive fungal infections (6/6) were the same in the two groups. Causes of death were those seen in HSCT patients: infections (5/3), respiratory failure (1/1), circulatory failure (3/1), thromboembolism (1/0), multiorgan failure (0/1), and GVHD and others (2/7). One-year survival for the DSC patients with GVHD was 67%, which was significantly better than achieved previously at our center. One-year survival was 90% in the DSC-treated HC group. DSC infusions appear safe. Randomized studies are required to prove efficacy.
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| 46. |
- Behm, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Health Promotion Can Postpone Frailty : Results from the RCT Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone
- 2016
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Ingår i: Public Health Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0737-1209 .- 1525-1446. ; 33:4, s. 303-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Very old persons (80+) are often described as "frail", implying that they are particularly vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone was designed to determine whether a preventive home visit or multiprofessional senior group meetings could postpone deterioration in frailty if the intervention is carried out when the person is not so frail. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: The study was a RCT with follow-ups at 1 and 2 years. A total of 459 persons (80+), still living at home, were included. Participants were independent in activities of daily life and cognitively intact. MEASURES: Frailty was measured in two complementary ways, with the sum of eight frailty indicators and with the Mob-T Scale measuring tiredness in daily activities. RESULTS: Both interventions showed favorable effects in postponing the progression of frailty measured as tiredness in daily activities for up to 1 year. However, neither of the two interventions was effective in postponing frailty measured with the sum of frailty indicators. CONCLUSIONS: The results in this study show the potential of health promotion to older persons. The multiprofessional approach, including a broad spectrum of information and knowledge, might have been an important factor contributing to a more positive view of aging.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Benrick, Anna, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A non-conservative polymorphism in the IL-6 signal transducer (IL6ST)/gp130 is associated with myocardial infarction in a hypertensive population.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Regulatory peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115. ; 146:1-3, s. 189-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation is a key component in the development of atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction (MI); therefore we investigated the association between an interleukin-6 signal transducer (IL6ST)/gp130 polymorphism, gp130 function and risk of MI. Structural modeling suggested that a non-conservative single nucleotide polymorphism in the gp130, Gly148Arg, can change the stability and functional properties of the molecule. In vitro studies were done with BAF/3 cells lacking endogenous gp130. Cells stably transfected with the gp130 148Arg variant proliferated less and showed slightly lower STAT-3 phosphorylation in response to gp130 stimulation as compared to cells transfected with gp130 148Gly. In a prospectively followed hypertensive cohort we identified 167 patients who suffered a MI during the study and compared them to matched controls (mean age 57 years, 73% males, n=482). Carriers of the 148Arg variant (f(Arg)=0.12) of the gp130 receptor had decreased odds ratio for MI in univariate analysis (0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.91, p=0.02). In conclusion, a genetically determined structural variant of the IL-6 receptor subunit gp130 is, independently of other known risk factors, associated with decreased risk of MI. The variant is also associated with decreased IL-6 responsiveness and could lead to a configuration change in the gp130 receptor.
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| 50. |
- Bensing, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Pituitary autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 104:3, s. 949-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. High titer autoantibodies (Aabs) toward intracellular enzymes are a hallmark for APS1 and serve as diagnostic markers and predictors for disease manifestations. In this study, we aimed to identify pituitary autoantigens in patients with APS1. A pituitary cDNA expression library was screened with APS1 sera and a tudor domain containing protein 6 (TDRD6) cDNA clone was isolated. Positive immunoreactivity against in vitro translated TDRD6 fragments was shown in 42/86 (49%) APS1 patients but not in patients with other autoimmune diseases or in healthy controls. By using immunohistochemistry, sera from 3/6 APS1 patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency showed immunostaining of a small number of guinea pig anterior pituitary cells, and 40-50% of these cells were GH-positive. No such immunostaining was seen with sera from healthy controls. The APS1 Aab-positive, GH-negative cells may represent a novel subpopulation of anterior pituitary cells. In addition, 4/6 patient sera showed staining of a fiber-plexus in the pituitary intermediate lobe recognizing enzymes of monoamine and GABA synthesis. Thus, we have identified TDRD6 as a major autoantigen in APS1 patients and shown that several sera from GH-deficient patients stain specific cell populations and nerves in the pituitary gland.
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