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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Associations among Periodontitis, Calcified Carotid Artery Atheromas, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 99:1, s. 60-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of morbidity and premature mortality. Cardiovascular disease can be prevented when risk factors are identified early. Calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs), detected in panoramic radiographs, and periodontitis have both been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This case-control study aimed to 1) investigate associations between periodontitis and CCAA detected in panoramic radiographs and 2) determine the risk of future myocardial infarctions due to CCAA combined with periodontitis. We evaluated 1,482 participants (738 cases and 744 controls) with periodontitis and CCAAs recruited from the PAROKRANK study (Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease). Participants were examined with panoramic radiographs, including the carotid regions. Associations between myocardial infarction and periodontitis combined with CCAA were evaluated in 696 cases and 696 age-, sex-, and residential area-matched controls. Periodontitis was evaluated radiographically (as degree of bone loss) and with a clinical periodontal disease index score (from clinical and radiographic assessments). We found associations between CCAA and clinical periodontal disease index score among cases (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.10; P = 0.02) and controls (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.38; P < 0.01), although not between CCAA and the degree of bone loss. In a multivariable model, myocardial infarction was associated with CCAA combined with periodontitis, as assessed by degree of bone loss (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.74; P = 0.01). When the cohort was stratified by sex, only men showed a significant association between myocardial infarction and CCAA combined with periodontitis. Participants with clinically diagnosed periodontitis exhibited CCAA in panoramic radiographs more often than those without periodontitis, irrespective of the presence of a recent myocardial infarction. Participants with combined periodontitis and CCAA had a higher risk of having had myocardial infarction as compared with participants with either condition alone. These findings implied that patients in dental care might benefit from dentists assessing panoramic radiographs for CCAA-particularly, patients with periodontitis who have not received any preventive measures for cardiovascular disease.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Experiment
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experimentella metoder har blivit alltmer populära inom en rad olika samhällsvetenskapliga ämnen under de senaste åren. I den här boken får du lära dig vad ett experiment är, när ett experiment passar, och hur du designar och genomför experiment. Dessutom berättar författarna om experimentets historia i samhällsvetenskapen, kritik mot experiment som metod, etiska aspekter och något om framtidsutsikterna för samhällsvetenskapliga experiment i en tid av big data, maskininlärning och artificiell intelligens.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kriström, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone (GH) dosing during catch-up growth guided by individual responsiveness decreases growth response variability in prepubertal children with GH deficiency or idiopathic short stature
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:2, s. 483-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Weight-based GH dosing results in a wide variation in growth response in children with GH deficiency (GHD) or idiopathic short stature (ISS). OBJECTIVE: The hypothesis tested was whether individualized GH doses, based on variation in GH responsiveness estimated by a prediction model, reduced variability in growth response around a set height target compared with a standardized weight-based dose. SETTING: A total of 153 short prepubertal children diagnosed with isolated GHD or ISS (n = 43) and at least 1 SD score (SDS) below midparental height SDS (MPH(SDS)) were included in this 2-yr multicenter study. INTERVENTION: The children were randomized to either a standard (43 microg/kg.d) or individualized (17-100 microg/kg.d) GH dose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We measured the deviation of height(SDS) from individual MPH(SDS) (diffMPH(SDS)). The primary endpoint was the difference in the range of diffMPH(SDS) between the two groups. RESULTS: The diffMPH(SDS) range was reduced by 32% in the individualized-dose group relative to the standard-dose group (P < 0.003), whereas the mean diffMPH(SDS) was equal: -0.42 +/- 0.46 and -0.48 +/- 0.67, respectively. Gain in height(SDS) 0-2 yr was equal for the GH-deficient and ISS groups: 1.31 +/- 0.47 and 1.36 +/- 0.47, respectively, when ISS was classified on the basis of maximum GH peak on the arginine-insulin tolerance test or 24-h profile. CONCLUSION: Individualized GH doses during catch-up growth significantly reduce the proportion of unexpectedly good and poor responders around a predefined individual growth target and result in equal growth responses in children with GHD and ISS.
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| 14. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Search for neutrino lines from dark matter annihilation and decay with IceCube
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 108:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dark matter particles in the Galactic Center and halo can annihilate or decay into a pair of neutrinos producing a monochromatic flux of neutrinos. The spectral feature of this signal is unique and it is not expected from any astrophysical production mechanism. Its observation would constitute a dark matter smoking gun signal. We performed the first dedicated search with a neutrino telescope for such signal, by looking at both the angular and energy information of the neutrino events. To this end, a total of five years of IceCube's DeepCore data has been used to test dark matter masses ranging from 10 GeV to 40 TeV. No significant neutrino excess was found and upper limits on the annihilation cross section, as well as lower limits on the dark matter lifetime, were set. The limits reached are of the order of 10-24 cm3/s for an annihilation and up to 1027 s for decaying dark matter. Using the same data sample we also derive limits for dark matter annihilation or decay into a pair of Standard Model charged particles.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality Is Not Increased in Recombinant Human Growth Hormone-treated Patients When Adjusting for Birth Characteristics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : ENDOCRINE SOC. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 101:5, s. 2149-2159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether reported high mortality in childhood recombinant human GH (rhGH)-treated patients was related to birth-characteristics and/or rhGH treatment. Design and Setting: We sought to develop a mortality model of the Swedish general population born between 1973 and 2010, using continuous-hazard functions adjusting for birth characteristics, sex, age intervals, and calendar year to estimate standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and to apply this model to assess expected deaths in Swedish rhGH-treated patients with idiopathic isolated GH deficiency (IGHD), idiopathic short stature (155) or born small for gestational age (SGA). Participants:The general population: Swedish Medical Birth Register (1973-2010: 1 880 668 males; 1 781 131 females) and Cause of Death Register (1985-2010). Intervention Population: Three thousand eight hundred forty-seven patients starting rhGH treatment between 1985 and 2010 and followed in the National GH Register and/or in rhGH trials diagnosed with IGHD (n = 1890), ISS (n = 975), or SGA (n=982). Main Outcome Measures: Death. Results: Using conventional models adjusting for age, sex, and calendar-year, the SMR was 1.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-2.19), P = .14, observed/expected deaths 21/14.68. The rhGH population differed (P amp;lt; .001) from the general population regarding birth weight, birth length, and congenital malformations. Application of an Advanced Model: When applying the developed mortality model of the general population, the ratio of observed/expected deaths in rhGH-treated patients was 21/21.99; SMR = 0.955 (0.591-1.456)P = .95. Model Comparison: Expected number of deaths were 14.68 (14.35-14.96) using the conventional model, and 21.99 (21.24-22.81) using the advanced model, P amp;lt; .001, which had at all ages a higher gradient of risk per SD of the model, 24% (range, 18-42%; P amp;lt; .001). Conclusions: Compared with the general Swedish population, the ratio of observed/expected deaths (21/21.99) was not increased in childhood rhGH-treated IGHD, ISS, and SGA patients when applying an advanced sex-specific mortality model adjusting for birth characteristics.
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| 17. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality is not increased in rhGH-treated patients when adjusting for birth characteristics.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 101:5, s. 2149-2159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether reported high mortality in childhood recombinant human GH (rhGH)-treated patients was related to birth-characteristics and/or rhGH treatment. Design and Setting: We sought to develop a mortality model of the Swedish general population born between 1973 and 2010, using continuous-hazard functions adjusting for birth characteristics, sex, age intervals, and calendar year to estimate standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and to apply this model to assess expected deaths in Swedish rhGH-treated patients with idiopathic isolated GH deficiency (IGHD), idiopathic short stature (155) or born small for gestational age (SGA). Participants:The general population: Swedish Medical Birth Register (1973-2010: 1 880 668 males; 1 781 131 females) and Cause of Death Register (1985-2010). Intervention Population: Three thousand eight hundred forty-seven patients starting rhGH treatment between 1985 and 2010 and followed in the National GH Register and/or in rhGH trials diagnosed with IGHD (n = 1890), ISS (n = 975), or SGA (n=982). Main Outcome Measures: Death. Results: Using conventional models adjusting for age, sex, and calendar-year, the SMR was 1.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-2.19), P = .14, observed/expected deaths 21/14.68. The rhGH population differed (P < .001) from the general population regarding birth weight, birth length, and congenital malformations. Application of an Advanced Model: When applying the developed mortality model of the general population, the ratio of observed/expected deaths in rhGH-treated patients was 21/21.99; SMR = 0.955 (0.591-1.456)P = .95. Model Comparison: Expected number of deaths were 14.68 (14.35-14.96) using the conventional model, and 21.99 (21.24-22.81) using the advanced model, P < .001, which had at all ages a higher gradient of risk per SD of the model, 24% (range, 18-42%; P < .001). Conclusions: Compared with the general Swedish population, the ratio of observed/expected deaths (21/21.99) was not increased in childhood rhGH-treated IGHD, ISS, and SGA patients when applying an advanced sex-specific mortality model adjusting for birth characteristics.
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| 18. |
- Alpkvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A new mathematical model for chemotactic bacterial colony growth
- 2004
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : Biriwa Education Services. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 49:11-12, s. 187-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new continuum model for the growth of a single species biofilm is proposed. The geometry of the biofilm is described by the interface between the biomass and the surrounding liquid. Nutrient transport is given by the solution of a semi-linear Poisson equation. In this model we study the morphology of a chemotactic bacterial colony, which grows in the direction of increasing nutrient concentration. Numerical simulations using the level set method and finite difference schemes are presented. The results show rich heterogeneous morphology.
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| 19. |
- Askanius, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Mainstreaming the Alternative: the Changing Media Practices of Protest Movements
- 2010
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Ingår i: Interface: a journal for and about social movements. - 2009-2431. ; 2:2, s. 23-41:2, s. 23-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article argues that contemporary protest movements are facing a convergence of what has traditionally been coined as mainstream and alternative media. Traditionally, the broad term ‘alternative media’ has been employed to embrace a wide range of oppositional media channels that can be considered to carry on the tradition of the early radical and party press: micro-media operating at the grassroots level, discontinuous, non-professional, persecuted or illegal. Today, heavily commercialised media and online communities such as Facebook, YouTube and MySpace constitute a common part of the repertoire of communication channels for activists engaged in alterative politics and protest movements. Are these new media channels a necessary means in order to reach beyond the circles of the likeminded? Or, do the use of these media point towards a mainstreaming process of political cultures of resistance to the establishment, eroding their very raison d’être? Combining a theoretical discussion of the inherent paradoxes in the celebration of new media technology as a source of democratisation and empowerment of civic cultures with an empirical focus aimed at exploring the changing repertoire of communicative tools used by social movement actors, this paper analyses two cases of online media practices in contemporary Scandinavian protest movements: 1) A series of civil disobedience actions and mobilisations of mass demonstrations before and after the eviction and destruction of the Youth House (Ungdomshuset) in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 2007-2008; 2) The popular demonstrations in connection with the European Social Forum in Malmö, Sweden in September 2008.
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| 20. |
- Björnsson, Bergthor, et al.
(författare)
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Digital twins to personalize medicine
- 2020
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 12:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personalized medicine requires the integration and processing of vast amounts of data. Here, we propose a solution to this challenge that is based on constructing Digital Twins. These are high-resolution models of individual patients that are computationally treated with thousands of drugs to find the drug that is optimal for the patient.
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| 21. |
- Bladh, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Defined shapes of carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs correlate with specific signs of cardiovascular disease on ultrasound examination
- 2024
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Ingår i: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4403 .- 2212-4411.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to optimize diagnostics for carotid artery calcifications (CACs) on panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify cardiovascular disease (CVD) by investigating how 4 defined CAC shapes are associated with ultrasound (US) findings indicating CVD. Study Design: The study included 414 participants (802 neck sides) from the Malmö Offspring Dental Study, examined with PRs. The PRs were assessed for CAC shapes stratified into 4 categories: single, scattered, vessel-width defining, and vessel-outlining. The carotid arteries were examined with US for signs of CVD: the presence of plaques, largest individual area of a plaque, number of plaques, and percentage reduction of the lumen. Associations between the different CAC categories and US characteristics were analyzed. Results: All categories of CAC were significantly associated with a higher degree of US findings indicating CVD compared with no CAC (P < .001). The most significant differences were found for vessel-outlining CAC, with the mean of the largest individual plaque area of 17.9 vs 2.3 mm2, mean number of plaques 1.6 vs 0.2, and mean percentage reduction of the lumen 24.1% vs 3.5% (all P < .001). Conclusions: Independent of shape, CACs detected on PRs were associated with a higher degree of US findings of CVD. This was most pronounced for vessel-outlining CAC. With refined differential diagnostics of CACs in PRs, dentists may contribute to improved identification of patients in need of cardiovascular prevention.
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| 22. |
- Blomqvist, Ulf
(författare)
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Mediated peer (to peer) learning
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Peer learning means learning from and with each other. Collaboration and co-operation in a friendly environment is, however, something that is neither easy nor obvious for students attending the university. Though, different methods and technological solutions can be implemented to facilitate and improve peer learning as well as dialogue and reflection. The aims of this thesis were to study the implementation and use of inno-vative methods and technologies, and its effects on the learning process in mediated peer learning in higher education, as well as methods for facilitating peer learning through students’ individual and group reflection. The aim was also to study end-user involvements in the development processes. Dialogue sheets as a medium, i.e. a large sheet of paper with questions (about learning and reflection in this case) printed around its perimeter as support and guidance to the dialogue, have been investigated. Furthermore, the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) technology as mediator in learning has also been studied. The use of P2P technology in learning can be encapsulated in the expression peer-to-peer learning, hence the title “Mediated peer (to peer) learning”. In addition, the evolvement of content-based services in the 3G market has also been studied, introducing a proposed general interpretation of how technology evolution affects the players in a certain market. Dialogue sheets and P2P technology are but two examples of media enhancing peer learning. Many other forms of media can of course enhance peer learning as well, but as computers and the Internet are considered to be the media into which all previous media converge, the thesis starts with the “oldest” medium, the paper, and ends with the “newest” medium, the Internet. The conclusions of this thesis can be summarised as: The future of learning involves various media enhancing the learning experience. The development and evolution of these media should be the result of cooperation and interaction between learners, teachers, and the university. Failing to cooperate can cause serious problems for the universities. By building and maintaining an infrastructure, both analogue and digital, the learning institutions can enable flexible learning, including peer learning, utilising multiple media forms, and also support learners’ indi-vidual learning styles, i.e. promote the learner-centric approach to learning, as well as increase the need for and appreciation of teachers as guides and mentors. • By promoting various forms of mediated learning, including P2P technology solutions, teachers and universities can contribute to the defusing of P2P in the public debate, as also socially unquestionable activities then can be associated with the technology. They also foster students in respecting others’ intellectual rights, and can promote alternative copyright schemes, such as creative common
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| 23. |
- Boberg, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Combined Nomenclature codes within plastics area
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to be able to classify products and materials that you want to map or affect using policy instruments, they need to be clearly defined. The Combined Nomenclature (CN) is used by companies in all EU Member States to declare products for import and export. The CN code has an eight-digit level of detail and is based on the Harmonized System (HS) which is designed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and used to describe trade statistics in several countries within and outside Europe.The purpose of this project was to create a desired structure, where the mapping of plastic products becomes as simple and clear as possible and then identify which CN codes need to be improved to give authorities and other actors a better opportunity to continuously map plastic flows and see changes over time. Lastly, the project would produce suggested changes and include these with relevant Nordic and European parties before submitting them to the HS-Committee in order to enable better mapping of plastic products in Sweden and the EU. The process of changing CN codes has been documented in a separate memorandum to preserve knowledge and experience for future proposed changes.The project resulted in six types of suggested changes that affect Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container (FIBC), insulation, seals, moldings, and roofing sheets for building and construction, tubes, pipes, and hoses for various usages, products made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), equipment for sports, physical exercise, and leisure, and lastly Single-Use plastics. The changes have been developed together with Statistics Sweden, the Swedish Customs and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and are designed to distinguish products made of plastic prioritized by the project. The proposals are ready to be sent to the HS Committee for deliberation.
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| 24. |
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| 26. |
- Bojarova, Jelena, et al.
(författare)
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The EKTF rescaling scheme in HIRLAM
- 2011
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6495 .- 1600-0870. ; 63:3, s. 685-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ETKF rescaling scheme has been implemented into the HIRLAM forecasting system in order to estimate the uncertainty of the model state. The main purpose is to utilize this uncertainty information for modelling of flow-dependent background error covariances within the framework of a hybrid variational ensemble data assimilation scheme. The effects of rank-deficiency in the ETKF formulation is explained and the need for variance inflation as a way to compensate for these effects is justified. A filter spin-up algorithm is proposed as a refinement of the variance inflation. The proposed spin-up algorithm will also act to prevent ensemble collapse since the ensemble will receive ‘fresh blood’ in the form of additional perturbation components, generated on the basis of a static background error covariance matrix. The resulting ETKF-based ensemble perturbations are compared with ensemble perturbations based on targeted singular vectors and are shown to have more realistic spectral characteristics.
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| 27. |
- Bornmalm, Lennart, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Varven i Halmstad, Skeppsbyggeri vid Nissans strand.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fiskebåtarna & Varven – Skeppsbyggarna 2. Lennart Bornmalm, Krister Bång, Christer Fredriksen (redaktörer). - Göteborg : Breakwater Publishing. - 9789186687366 ; , s. 274-296
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Brunsson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Hur vet du att björnen inte är farlig?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alla dessa marknader. - Göteborg : Makadam Förlag. - 9789170611421 ; , s. 65-74
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Brunsson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Markets, Trust, and the Construction of Macro-Organizations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Organizing and Reorganizing Markets. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198815761 ; , s. 136-152
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can buyers know what they are buying? In many markets this is no trivial problem, particularly for ambitious, contemporary consumers who care about the way a product has been produced and its effects on health or the physical environment. Buyers have little choice but to trust sellers’ descriptions of the origins and effects of the product, which, in turn, evokes the question of how the buyers can trust the sellers. We describe how the problem of trust has justified the production of new formal organizations, such as certification organizations, accreditation organizations, meta-organizations for the accreditation organizations, and meta-meta-organizations for these meta-organizations. In order to create trust in organizations at one level, a new level of organizations has been created for monitoring the lower level. We argue that such a ‘macro-organization’ is unlikely to represent a stable solution, but has inherent tendencies for further growth.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Brunsson, Nils, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizing for trust in Markets : On certification, markets and organization
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports from a research project on certification as an important mechanism for global order in contemporary society. The project is based on an interest in how and why the practice of certification arises and how it develops. However, the kind of certification that we have investigated proved to be a phenomenon with a complex context, and in order to understand the development of certification practices, that context has to be understood as well. Certification proved to be closely connected to issues of market construction, market organization and trust in markets and organizations – and those issues will be touched upon as well.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Brunsson, Nils, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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‘Un-responsible’ Organization : How More Organization Produces Less Responsibility
- 2022
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Ingår i: Organization Theory. - : SAGE Publications. - 2631-7877. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the world becomes more and more organized, it seems ever more difficult to find anyone responsible. Why is that? We argue that the extensive external organization of organizations in contemporary society provides the key. Formal organizations are collective orders with great potential for concentrating responsibility on top managers and the organization. But when they are organized by other organizations, this potential is undermined, and responsibility becomes diluted rather than concentrated. We explain this outcome by analysing the communication of decisions as a main producer of responsibility and by defining organization as a decided order. Our analysis draws upon and contributes to research about partial organization, but it also contributes to literatures on global governance and organizational institutionalism.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Bäck, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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A social safety net? : Rejection sensitivity and political opinion sharing among young people in social media
- 2019
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Ingår i: New Media and Society. - : Sage Publications. - 1461-4448 .- 1461-7315. ; 21:2, s. 298-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One reason why people avoid using social media to express their opinions is to avert social sanctions as proposed by the spiral of silence theory. We here elaborate on individual-level sensitivity to social rejection in relation to voicing political opinions on social media sites. Given the uncertainty about sharing political views in social media, and the fact that social acceptance, or rejection, can be easily communicated through, for instance, likes, or a lack of likes, we argue that rejection sensitive individuals are less likely to share political information in social media. Combining an analysis of unique survey data on psychological characteristics and online political activity with focus group interviews with Swedish youth supports our argument, showing that rejection sensitive individuals are less inclined to engage politically in social media. The results extend on previous research by establishing the role of rejection sensitivity in political engagement in social media.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Bäck, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Ungas politiska deltagande. Nya former och aktivitet genom sociala medier?
- 2015
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 2014 års Demokratiutredning har i uppgift att analysera behovet av och utarbeta förslag till åtgärder för att öka och bredda engagemanget inom den representativa demokratin. Utredningen ska även föreslå åtgärder i syfte att stärka individens möjligheter till delaktighet i och inflytande över det politiska beslutsfattandet mellan de allmänna valen. En särskild uppgift för utredningen är att belysa frågor om ungas politiska representation, delaktighet och inflytande. Inom ramen för denna uppgift ska utredningen undersöka ungas förutsättningar att medverka i formella beslutsprocesser och föreslå åtgärder som kan bidra till att ungas inflytande och delaktighet i politiska beslutsprocesser stärks. Hanna Bäck, Emma Bäck och Nils Gustafsson har på uppdrag av 2014 års Demokratiutredning skrivit en rapport om sociala mediers betydelse för ungas politiska deltagande. Hanna Bäck är professor i statsvetenskap vid Lunds universitet, Emma Bäck är doktor i psykologi vid Göteborgs universitet och Nils Gustafsson, doktor i statsvetenskap vid Lunds universitet.
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| 40. |
- Carlsson, Nils, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Enzymes Immobilized in Mesoporous Silica: a Physical-Chemical Perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-8686. ; 205, s. 339-360
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesoporous materials as support for immobilized enzymes have been explored extensively during the last two decades, primarily not only for biocatalysis applications, but also for biosensing, biofuels and enzyme-controlled drug delivery. The activity of the immobilized enzymes inside the pores is often different compared to that of the free enzymes, and an important challenge is to understand how the immobilization affects the enzymes in order to design immobilization conditions that lead to optimal enzyme activity. This review summarizes methods that can be used to understand how material properties can be linked to changes in enzyme activity. Real-time monitoring of the immobilization process and techniques that demonstrate that the enzymes are located inside the pores is discussed by contrasting them to the common practice of indirectly measuring the depletion of the protein concentration or enzyme activity in the surrounding bulk phase. We propose that pore filling (pore volume fraction occupied by proteins) is the best standard for comparing the amount of immobilized enzymes at themolecular level, and present equations to calculate pore filling from the more commonly reported immobilized mass. Methods to detect changes in enzyme structure upon immobilization and to study the microenvironment inside the pores are discussed in detail. Combining the knowledge generated from these methodologies should aid in rationally designing biocatalyst based on enzymes immobilized in mesoporous materials.
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| 41. |
- Carlsson, Torgny E., et al.
(författare)
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Method for fringe enhancement in holographic interferometry for measurement of in-plane displacements
- 1998
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - : Optical Society of America. - 0003-6935 .- 1539-4522. ; 37:10, s. 1845-1848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theoretical background along with experimental results are given for a simple method for in-plane fringe enhancement in dual-beam illumination holographic interferometry. In this method, the fringes representing in-plane displacements arise as a moirépattern between two interferograms. To distinguish the in-plane displacement, a sequence of images is recorded while the reference mirror is continuously tilted at random. The in-plane fringes arethen found as the maximum contrast of the out-of-plane fringes in the image sequence. The resulting fringe quality is close to the quality of the out-of-plane fringes.
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| 42. |
- Carlsson, Torgny, et al.
(författare)
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Practical system for time-resolved holographic interferometry
- 1991
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Ingår i: Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 0091-3286 .- 1560-2303. ; 30:7, s. 1017-1022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An easily implemented and easily manageable system for time-resolved holographic interferometry is presented. The system consists of a multiple-pulsed Q-switched ruby laser and a rotating disk having radial slits with a constant angular separation. The disk is used to scan the reference beam along a holographic plate, thereby achieving spatial multiplexing. Since the influence on the beam is negligible and a single slit is illuminated by every laser pulse, there is no need for synchronization. The interferometric pattern is achieved by removing the disk and exposing a reference image on the holographic plate. The system may serve as an excellent tool for full-field dynamic measurements. A simple experiment has beem performed showing a sequence of momentary interference patterns on a vibrating plate.
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| 43. |
- Cepaité, Asta
(författare)
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Medieproducenter och mediekonsumenter i otakt?
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main goals of this study are to identify and describe the psychological and sociological factors present in a media communication process, that influence the behaviour of consumers, advertisers and media organizations. The study focuses on the expectations and predictions of the future of media, in particular of printed local newspapers. The effects of attitudes of media organization members on organizational climate, on changes and innovations, and on the view on the future of media were investigatied. The study has also attempted to compare the innovativity of consumers, advertisers and media organizations as well as their appraisal of the media and their predictions on the future of the media. The study consists of three parts, each focusing on a specific aspect: media consumtion by the public investment decisions by advertisers decisions within media organisations concerning what media channel to be preferred. The results of the investigation of the media consumtion by the public show that different work arrangements appear to contribute to development of different patterns of media use. It has been possible to observe some differences in the ways media is consumed depending on work situation, i.e., flexible or stable patterns of work. However, the consumers were of the opinion that their own use of printed newspapers has been relatively stable during the past five years, and that it would not change noticeably in the near future. The results of the investigation of advertising companies show that the local newspapers are the most commonly used advertising media . However, newspapers are very sensitive to changes in the advertising market. Advertising in the daily press has been relatively unstable during the past years. Furthermore, it is still not clear in what direction newspaper advertising is developing. Some of the advertising companies stated that their advertising investments in the daily newspapers have not changed noticeably during past years, while other companies have decreased or increased their newspaper advertising. The advertisers consider the daily press to have a stable position among th public and they believe that the reading of newspapers will not change significantly in the near future. The representatives of the media organizations consider themselves to be more innovative than their public. Leaders of media organizations appear to be more innovative than other staff. It is noteworthy that the representatives of the media organizations had the most pessimistic view on the position of newspapers in the future media market of all three groups studied. This study was carried out at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden in cooperation with Mid Sweden University and has been part of the national print research program T2F. The material for the study was collected in cooperation with the research project « News 2020» (Nyheter 2020) within the multidisciplinary research network Media World 2020.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Decker, Ralph, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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GH dose reduction maintains normal prepubertal height velocity after initial catch up growth in short children.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 104:3, s. 835-844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GH responsiveness guides GH dosing during the catch-up growth (CUG) period; however, little is known regarding GH dosing during the prepubertal maintenance treatment period.To evaluate if standard deviation score (SDS) channel parallel growth with normal height velocity can be maintained following CUG by reducing GH dose by 50% in children receiving doses individualized based on estimated GH-responsiveness during the catch-up period.and settings: Prepubertal children (n=98; 72 boys) receiving GH during CUG (GH-deficient (n=33); non-GH-deficient (n=65)), were randomized after 2-3 years to either a 50% reduced individualized (GHRID; n=27; 20 boys) or unchanged individualized dose (GHUID; n=38; 27 boys). Another 33 children (25 boys) continued on a standard weight-based dose, 43 µg/kg/day (GHFIX).The primary endpoint was the proportion of children with ΔheightSDS within ±0.3 at 1 year after GH-dose reduction, versus two control groups: GHUID and GHFIX. The hypothesis was that heightSDS could be maintained within ±0.3 with a reduced individualized GH dose.For the intention-to-treat population at 1 year, 85% of the GHRIDgroup maintained ΔheightSDS within ±0.3 versus 41% in the GHUIDgroup, p=0.0055 and 48% in the GHFIXgroup, p=0.0047. ΔIGF-ISDS in the GHRIDgroup was (mean±SD) -0.75±1.0 at 3 months, p=0.003 and at 1 year -0.72±1.2, compared to the GHUIDgroup 0.15±1.2, p=0.005, and for the GHFIXgroup 0.05±1.0, p=0.02.Channel parallel growth, i.e. normal height velocity, and IGFSDS levels within ±2 were maintained after completed CUG using a 50% lower individualized dose than used during the CUG period.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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