| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Per E, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Cortisol levels and psychosocial factors in preadolescent children
- 2006
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Ingår i: Stress and Health. - : Wiley. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 22:1, s. 3-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regarding the relationship between psychosocial factors and health, one model of explanation states that psychosocial stress constitutes a principal mediator connecting psychosocial factors to health outcome, affecting the body through psychobiological mechanisms. This relationship has scarcely been studied in children. In the present study the relation between diurnal cortisol secretion and psychosocial factors [socio-economic status (SES), immigrant status and impact of psychiatric symptoms] was investigated in a normal population of 6-12 year old children (n = 273). Salivary cortisol levels were measured in the early morning, late morning and in the evening during three consecutive days. Parents answered demographic questionnaires and teachers answered psychiatric questionnaires concerning the children. Children exposed to one or more of the factors of psychosocial load (n = 117) had significantly higher morning (p < 0.001) and evening (p = 0.029) cortisol levels as well as total daily cortisol secretion [measured by the area under the curve (AUC), p = 0.003] compared to the group of children with none of the factors (n = 156). Different psychosocial stressors seemed to influence different parts of the diurnal cortisol curve. In conclusion, this study indicates that even children exposed to a moderate degree of psychosocial load differ in their cortisol levels compared to non-exposed children.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Per E., 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Diurnal cortisol levels and cortisol response in youths with obsessive-compulsive disorder
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 57:1-2, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background/Aims:</i> Recent results indicate a role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although childhood onset is common, the HPA axis has scarcely been studied in young OCD subjects. Therefore, the present study aimed at examining basal and response levels of salivary cortisol in a sample of young OCD subjects. <i>Methods:</i> Twenty-three children and adolescents with DSM-IV OCD were compared to a reference group of school children (n = 240–336). The basal cortisol rhythm was measured through saliva samples 3 times/day. The cortisol response to a psychological stressor (exposure therapy in the OCD group and a fire alarm in the reference group) was also examined. <i>Results:</i> Compared to the reference group, OCD subjects displayed higher early-morning cortisol values (p = 0.005) with no difference between the late-morning and evening values. The cortisol levels in the OCD group diminished in response to the psychological stressor, compared to a positive response in the reference group (p < 0.001). No relation was found between cortisol and clinical parameters. <i>Conclusion:</i> These results support the idea that HPA hyperactivity, commonly found in adult OCD patients, is also present at an earlier stage of development, with specificity for the early-morning peak.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Per E, 1981-
(författare)
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Psychosocial Stress, Mental Health and Salivary Cortisol in Children and Adolescents
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stressful experiences and conditions in childhood influence the health and well-being of the growing individual, and can also confer a long-lasting impact into adult life. Delineating the social, mental and biological aspects of stress in children and adolescents is therefore of great concern for human beings. Despite these notions, much knowledge is lacking regarding stress in childhood.This thesis aimed at examining diverse aspects of stress in children and adolescents: associations between social conditions, traumatic life events, mental health, and salivary cortisol as a measure of the activity of a major physiological stress system. Cross-sectional samples included two non-clinical samples of school-aged children (N=240-336) and adolescents (N =400), and two clinical samples of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (N =23) and adolescents who had experienced childhood abuse (N =15). Main measures were salivary cortisol sampled three times a day, and questionnaires to teachers, parents and children with questions about each child’s mental health, traumatic life events and about the socioeconomic situation of the parents.The main findings include observation of 1) higher cortisol levels in children with a moderate level of psychosocial burden (low socioeconomic status, immigrant family, social impairment of mental health problems), 2) higher cortisol levels in children with OCD who also displayed a tendency to decreasing cortisol in the face of an acute stressor, and 3) cortisol was positively related to mental health problems in abused adolescents. Furthermore, the deleterious effect of 4) traumatic events involving a social dimension, interpersonal traumas, and 5) cumulative traumatic events, polytraumatization, on the mental health of children and adolescents was indicated.The findings are discussed with respect to the complex interactions between social, mental and biological aspects of children and adolescents. The consequences of adverse experiences in childhood may represent pathways to future health problems. Consideration of the social circumstances in childhood might in the future guide public health policies and the identification of target groups for preventive interventions as well as leading to improvements in treatment for children exposed to severe stress.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Per E., 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Sociocultural Disadvantage, Traumatic Life Events, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Preadolescent Children
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0002-9432 .- 1939-0025. ; 79:3, s. 387-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has demonstrated impact of psychosocial adversity on the mental health of children. This cross-sectional study examined the differential relationships between life-time exposure to interpersonal and non-interpersonal traumatic life events as well as sociocultural factors (family social class and immigrant family), and the level of externalizing versus internalizing symptoms. Participants included 258 children aged 6 to 12 years from two Swedish elementary schools. Information was obtained from their parents by means of questionnaires (a demographic form including information about parental occupation and country of origin, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events checklist). While controlling for gender, age and the other symptom dimension, the sociocultural factors were associated to internalizing but not to externalizing symptoms. In contrast, traumatic life events and especially interpersonal traumas related to externalizing symptoms but not to internalizing symptoms. These findings provide some support for specificity of psychosocial adversities and for the importance of interpersonal traumas, in the impact on child mental health.
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| 5. |
- Agvald, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Increased expired NO and roles of CO2 and endogenous NO after venous gas embolism in rabbits
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - Heidelberg, Germany : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 97:2, s. 210-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Venous gas embolism (VGE) is a feared complication in diving, aviation, surgery and trauma. We hypothesized that air emboli in the lung circulation might change expired nitric oxide (FeNO). A single intravenous infusion of air was given (100 mul kg(-1)) to three groups of anaesthetized mechanically ventilated rabbits: (A) one with intact NO production, (B) one with intact NO production and where end-tidal CO(2) was controlled, and (C) one with endogenous NO synthesis blockade (L: -NAME, 30 mg kg(-1)). Air infusions resulted in increased FeNO of the control group from 20 (4) [mean (SD)] ppb to a peak value of 39 (4) ppb within 5 min (P < 0.05), and FeNO was still significantly elevated [27 (2) ppb] after 20 min (P < 0.05). Parallel to the NO increase there were significant decreases in end-tidal CO(2 )(ETCO(2)) and mean arterial pressure and an increase in insufflation pressure. In group B, when CO(2) was supplemented after air infusion, NO was suppressed (P = 0.033), but was still significantly elevated compared with pre-infusion control (P < 0.05). In group C, all animals died within 40 min of air infusion whereas all animals in the other groups were still alive at this time point. We conclude that venous air embolization increases FeNO, and that a part of this effect is due to the concomitant decrease in ETCO(2). Furthermore, an intact NO production may be critical for the tolerance to VGE. Finally, FeNO might have a potential in the diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary gas embolism.
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| 6. |
- Bäcke, Olof, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced thermal stability of a polymer solar cell blend induced by electron beam irradiation in the transmission electron microscope
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ultramicroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2723 .- 0304-3991. ; 173, s. 16-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show by in situ microscopy that the effects of electron beam irradiation during transmission electron microscopy can be used to lock microstructural features and enhance the structural thermal stability of a nanostructured polymer:fullerene blend. Polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunction thin films show great promise for use as active layers in organic solar cells but their low thermal stability is a hindrance. Lack of thermal stability complicates manufacturing and influences the lifetime of devices. To investigate how electron irradiation affects the thermal stability of polymer:fullerene films, a model bulk-heterojunction film based on a thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer and a fullerene derivative was heat-treated in-situ in a transmission electron microscope. In areas of the film that exposed to the electron beam the nanostructure of the film remained stable, while the nanostructure in areas not exposed to the electron beam underwent large phase separation and nucleation of fullerene crystals. UV–vis spectroscopy shows that the polymer:fullerene films are stable for electron doses up to 2000 kGy.
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| 7. |
- Bäcke, Olof, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced thermal stability of a polymer solar cell blend induced by electron beam irradiation in the transmission electron microscope
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ultramicroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2723 .- 0304-3991. ; 176:Spec. Issue, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show by in situ microscopy that the effects of electron beam irradiation during transmission electron microscopy can be used to lock microstructural features and enhance the structural thermal stability of a nanostructured polymer:fullerene blend. Polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunction thin films show great promise for use as active layers in organic solar cells but their low thermal stability is a hindrance. Lack of thermal stability complicates manufacturing and influences the lifetime of devices. To investigate how electron irradiation affects the thermal stability of polymer:fullerene films, a model bulk-heterojunction film based on a thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer and a fullerene derivative was heat-treated in-situ in a transmission electron microscope. In areas of the film that exposed to the electron beam the nanostructure of the film remained stable, while the nanostructure in areas not exposed to the electron beam underwent large phase separation and nucleation of fullerene crystals. UV–vis spectroscopy shows that the polymer:fullerene films are stable for electron doses up to 2000 kGy.
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| 8. |
- Chandaria, Jigna, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Camera Tracking in the MATRIS Project
- 2006
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Ingår i: Prcoeedings of the 2006 International Broadcasting Convention.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to insert a virtual object into a TV image, the graphics system needs to know precisely how the camera is moving, so that the virtual object can be rendered in the correct place in every frame. Nowadays this can be achieved relatively easily in postproduction, or in a studio equipped with a special tracking system. However, for live shooting on location, or in a studio that is not specially equipped, installing such a system can be difficult or uneconomic. To overcome these limitations, the MATRIS project is developing a real-time system for measuring the movement of a camera. The system uses image analysis to track naturally occurring features in the scene, and data from an inertial sensor. No additional sensors, special markers, or camera mounts are required. This paper gives an overview of the system and presents some results.
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| 9. |
- Chandaria, Jigna, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Camera Tracking in the MATRIS Project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Smpte Journal. - 0036-1682. ; 116:7-8, s. 266-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to insert a virtual object into a TV image, the graphics system needs to know precisely how the camera is moving, so that the virtual object can be rendered in the correct place in every frame. Nowadays this can be achieved relatively easily in post-production, or in a studio equipped with a special tracking system. However, for live shooting on location, or in a studio that is not specially equipped, installing such a system can be difficult or uneconomic. To overcome these limitations, the MATRIS project is developing a real-time system for measuring the movement of a camera. The system uses image analysis to track naturally occurring features in the scene, and data from an inertial sensor. No additional sensors, special markers, or camera mounts are required. This paper gives an overview of the system and presents some results.
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| 10. |
- Guldevall, Karolin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Microchip screening platform for assessment of cytotoxic effector cells
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Here we report a screening platform for assessment of the cytotoxic potential of individual natural killer (NK) or T cells within larger populations. Human primary NK cells or human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- specific T cells were distributed across a silicon-glass microchip containing 32 400 individual microwells loaded with target cells. Through fluorescence screening and automated image analysis the numbers of effector and live or dead target cells in each well could be assessed at different time-points after initial mixing. Cytotoxicity was also studied by time-lapse live-cell imaging in microwells quantifying the killing potential of individual NK cells. Although most resting NK cells (≈75%) were non-cytotoxic to the leukemia cell line K562, some NK cells were able to kill several (≥3) target cells within the 12 hours long experiment. We demonstrate that this assay can be used to enumerate and characterize cytotoxic cells, something that could find clinical applications, e.g. in the selection of donors for stem cell transplantation or generation of highly specific and cytotoxic cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Gustafsson-Lutz, Anna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic efficacy of alpha-radioimmunotherapy with different activity levels of the Bi-213-labeled monoclonal antibody MX35 in an ovarian cancer model
- 2017
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Ingår i: EJNMMI Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-219X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of two different activity levels of the Bi-213-labeled monoclonal antibody MX35 in an ovarian cancer model. Sixty female BALB/c (nu/nu) mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with human ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3). Two weeks later, 40 mice were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with 1 ml of Bi-213-MX35, 3 MBq/mL (n = 20), or 9 MBq/mL (n = 20). An additional 20 mice received unlabeled MX35. Incidence of tumors and ascites was investigated 8 weeks after therapy. Body weight and white blood cell counts were monitored after treatment for possible signs of toxicity. Results: The tumor-free fraction of the animals treated with 3 MBq/mL of Bi-213-MX35 was 0.55, whereas that of animals treated with 9 MBq/mL of Bi-213-MX35 was 0.78. The control group treated with unlabeled MX35 had a tumor-free fraction of 0.15. No significant reduction in white blood cell counts or weight loss was observed. Conclusions: Tumor growth after i.p. treatment with Bi-213-MX35 was significantly reduced compared to treatment with unlabeled MX35. Treatment with 9 MBq/mL of Bi-213-MX35 resulted in higher tumor-free fraction compared with 3 MBq/mL of Bi-213-MX35, but this difference was not statistically significant. No signs of toxicity were observed in the treated animals.
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| 13. |
- Gustafsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Constipation and laxative use among people living in nursing homes in 2007 and 2013
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BMC. - 1471-2318. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Constipation is a common condition among older people, particularly among people living in nursing homes, and the use of drugs such as opioids is one of many factors that contribute to its high prevalence. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of constipation and the use of laxatives between 2007 and 2013, to analyze constipation and laxative use among people who are prescribed opioids, and to identify factors associated with constipation. Methods: In 2007 and 2013, two surveys were performed in the county of Vasterbotten in Northern Sweden, comprising all those living in nursing homes. The Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale was used to collect data regarding laxative, opioid and anticholinergic drug use, functioning in activities of daily living (ADL), cognition and symptoms of constipation. A comparison was made between 2820 people from 2007 and 1902 people from 2013. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of constipation among people living in nursing homes increased from 36% in 2007 to 40% in 2013. After controlling for age, sex, ADL, cognitive impairment and use of opioid and anticholinergic drugs, this difference was found to be statistically significant. When controlled for demographic changes, there was a statistically significant difference in the regular use of laxatives between the respective years, from 46% in 2007 to 59% in 2013. People prescribed opioids and anticholinergic drugs were at increased risk of constipation, while people with a higher ADL score were at decreased risk. Further, among people prescribed opioids and rated as constipated, 35% in 2007 and 20% in 2013 were not prescribed laxatives for regular use, a difference that was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of symptoms of constipation increased between 2007 and 2013. Although there was a decrease between the years, there were still a number of people being prescribed with opioids and rated as constipated who were not treated with laxatives. This study therefore indicates that constipation remains a significant problem among people in nursing homes and also indicates that those prescribed opioids could benefit from an increased awareness of the risk of constipation and treatment, if required.
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| 14. |
- Gustafsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking the secret life of blue mussels: Exploring connectivity in the Skagerrak through biophysical modeling and population genomics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Applications. - 1752-4571. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of functional dispersal barriers in the marine environment can be used to inform a wide variety of management actions, such as marine spatial planning, restoration efforts, fisheries regulations, and invasive species management. Locations and causes of dispersal barriers can be studied through various methods, including movement tracking, biophysical modeling, demographic models, and genetics. Combining methods illustrating potential dispersal, such as biophysical modeling, with realized dispersal through, e.g., genetic connectivity estimates, provides particularly useful information for teasing apart potential causes of observed barriers. In this study, we focus on blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the Skagerrak—a marginal sea connected to the North Sea in Northern Europe—and combine biophysical models of larval dispersal with genomic data to infer locations and causes of dispersal barriers in the area. Results from both methods agree; patterns of ocean currents are a major structuring factor in the area. We find a complex pattern of source-sink dynamics with several dispersal barriers and show that some areas can be isolated despite an overall high dispersal capability. Finally, we translate our finding into management advice that can be used to sustainably manage this ecologically and economically important species in the future.
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| 15. |
- Gustafsson, Per, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative contextual and individual disadvantages over the life course and adult functional somatic symptoms in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:4, s. 592-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: Disadvantage, originating in one's residential context or in one's past life course, has been shown to impact on health in adulthood. There is however little research on the accumulated health impact of both neighbourhood and individual conditions over the life course. This study aims to examine whether the accumulation of contextual and individual disadvantages from adolescence to middle-age predicts functional somatic symptoms (FSS) in middle-age, taking baseline health into account.METHODS:: The sample is the age 16, 21, 30 and 42 surveys of the prospective Northern Swedish Cohort, with analytical sample size n = 910 (85% of the original cohort). FSS at age 16 and 42, and cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage, social adversity and material adversity between 16 and 42 years were operationalized from questionnaires, and cumulative neighbourhood disadvantage between 16 and 42 years from register data.RESULTS:: Results showed accumulation of disadvantages jointly explained 9-12% of FSS variance. In the total sample, cumulative neighbourhood and socioeconomic disadvantage significantly predicted FSS at age 42 in the total sample. In women, neighbourhood disadvantage but not socioeconomic disadvantage contributed significantly, whereas in men, socioeconomic but not neighbourhood disadvantage contributed significantly. In all analyses, associations were largely explained by the parallel accumulation of social and material adversities, but not by symptoms at baseline.CONCLUSION:: In conclusion, the accumulation of diverse forms of disadvantages together plays an important role for somatic complaints in adulthood, independently of baseline health.
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| 16. |
- Gustafsson, Per E, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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When does hardship matter for health? Neighborhood and individual disadvantages and functional somatic symptoms from adolescence to mid-life in the Northern Swedish Cohort.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e99558-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large body of research has shown that health is influenced by disadvantaged living conditions, including both personal and neighborhood conditions. Little is however known to what degree the health impact of different forms of disadvantage differ along the life course. The present study aims to examine when, during the life course, neighborhood and individual disadvantages relate to functional somatic symptoms. Participants (n = 992) came from The Northern Swedish Cohort and followed from age 16, 21, 30 until 42 years. Functional somatic symptoms, socioeconomic disadvantage, and social and material adversity were measured through questionnaires and linked to register data on neighborhood disadvantage. Data was analyzed with longitudinal and cross-sectional multilevel models. Results showed that neighborhood disadvantage, social and material adversity and gender all contributed independently to overall levels of symptoms across the life course. Cross-sectional analyses also suggested that the impact of disadvantage differed between life course periods; neighborhood disadvantage was most important in young adulthood, and the relative importance of material versus social adversity increased as participants grew older. In summary, the study suggests that disadvantages from different contextual sources may affect functional somatic health across the life course, but also through life course specific patterns.
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| 17. |
- Gustafsson, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Bioavailability of inhaled or ingested PFOA adsorbed to house dust
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29:52, s. 78698-78710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor environments may impact human health due to chemical pollutants in the indoor air and house dust. This study aimed at comparing the bioavailability and distribution of PFOA following both an inhalation and an oral exposure to PFOA coated house dust in rats. In addition, extractable organofluorine (EOF) was measured in different tissue samples to assess any potential influence of other organofluorine compounds in the experimental house dust. Blood samples were collected at sequential time points after exposure and at the time of termination; the lungs, liver, and kidney were collected for quantification of PFOA and EOF. The concentration of PFOA in plasma increased rapidly in both exposure groups attaining a Cmax at 3 h post exposure. The Cmax following inhalation was four times higher compared to oral exposures. At 48 h post exposure, the levels of PFOA in the plasma, liver, and kidney were twice as high from inhalation exposures. This shows that PFOA is readily bioavailable and has a rapid systemic distribution following an inhalation or oral exposure to house dust coated with PFOA. The proportion of PFOA to EOF corresponded to 65-71% and 74-87% in plasma and tissues, respectively. The mass balance between EOF and target PFOA indicates that there might be other unknown PFAS precursor and/or fluorinated compounds that co-existed in the house dust sample that can have accumulated in rats.
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| 18. |
- Hausmair, Katharina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Nonlinear Distortion in Wideband Active Antenna Arrays
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 65:11, s. 4550-4563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we propose a technique for comprehensive analysis of nonlinear and dynamic characteristics of multi-antenna transmitters (TXs). The analysis technique is enabled by the development of a Volterra series-based dual-input model for power amplifiers (PAs), which is capable of taking into account the joint effects of PA nonlinearity, antenna crosstalk and mismatch for wideband modulated signals. By combining multiple instances of the PA model with linear dynamic antenna simulations we develop the analysis technique. The proposed method allows the prediction of the output signal of every antenna in an arbitrarily sized TX array, as well as the total far-field radiated wave of the TX for any input signal with low computational effort. A 2.12 GHz four-element TX demonstrator based on GaAs PAs is implemented to verify simulation results with measurements. The proposed technique is a powerful tool to study hardware characteristics, as for example the effects of antenna design and element spacing. It can be used in cases where experiments are not feasible, and thus aid the development of next generation wireless systems.
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| 19. |
- Kamble, Prasad G., et al.
(författare)
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Genotype-based recall to study metabolic effects of genetic variation : a pilot study of PPARG Pro12Ala carriers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 122:4, s. 234-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To assess practical implications of genotype-based recall (GBR) studies, an increasingly popular approach for in-depth characterization of genotype-phenotype relationships.METHODS: We genotyped 2500 participants from the Swedish EpiHealth cohort and considered loss-of-function and missense variants in genes with relation to cardiometabolic traits as the basis for our GBR study. Therefore, we focused on carriers and non-carriers of the PPARG Pro12Ala (rs1801282) variant, as it is a relatively common variant with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of 0.14. It has also been shown to affect ligand binding and transcription, and carriage of the minor allele (Ala12) is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. We re-invited 39 Pro12Pro, 34 Pro12Ala, and 30 Ala12Ala carriers and performed detailed anthropometric and serological assessments.RESULTS: The participation rates in the GBR study were 31%, 44%, and 40%, and accordingly we included 12, 15, and 13 individuals with Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala variants, respectively. There were no differences in anthropometric or metabolic variables among the different genotype groups.CONCLUSIONS: Our report highlights that from a practical perspective, GBR can be used to study genotype-phenotype relationships. This approach can prove to be a valuable tool for follow-up findings from large-scale genetic discovery studies by undertaking detailed phenotyping procedures that might not be feasible in large studies. However, our study also illustrates the need for a larger pool of genotyped or sequenced individuals to allow for selection of rare variants with larger effects that can be examined in a GBR study of the present size.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Kamble, Prasad G., et al.
(författare)
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Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism in human adipose tissue : assessment of adipogenesis and adipocyte glucose and lipid turnover.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Adipocyte. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2162-3945 .- 2162-397X. ; 7:4, s. 285-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protective mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unclear. We obtained adipose tissue (AT) before and 3 h after oral glucose (OGTT) in carriers and non-carriers of the Ala allele (12 Pro/Pro, 15 Pro/Ala, and 13 Ala/Ala). Adipogenesis, adipocyte glucose uptake and lipolysis as well as PPARγ target genes expression were investigated and compared between the genotype groups. On fasting and post-OGTT, neither basal nor insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose uptake differed between genotypes. Compared to fasting, a decreased hormone-sensitive lipase gene expression in Pro/Pro (p<0.05) also accompanied with a higher antilipolytic effect of insulin post-OGTT (p<0.01). The adipocyte size was similar across groups. Preadipocyte differentiation rates between Pro/Pro and Ala/Ala were unchanged. In conclusion, no major differences in AT differentiation, glucose uptake, lipolysis or expression of PPARγ target genes were observed between different PPARγ Pro12Ala genotypes. Albeit small, our study may suggest that other pathways in AT or effects exerted in other tissues might contribute to the Pro12Ala-mediated protection against T2D.
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| 22. |
- Kuliński, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth System Dynamics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2190-4979 .- 2190-4987. ; 13, s. 633-685
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Location, specific topography, and hydrographic setting together with climate change and strong anthropogenic pressure are the main factors shaping the biogeochemical functioning and thus also the ecological status of the Baltic Sea. The recent decades have brought significant changes in the Baltic Sea. First, the rising nutrient loads from land in the second half of the 20th century led to eutrophication and spreading of hypoxic and anoxic areas, for which permanent stratification of the water column and limited ventilation of deep-water layers made favourable conditions. Since the 1980s the nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea have been continuously decreasing. This, however, has so far not resulted in significant improvements in oxygen availability in the deep regions, which has revealed a slow response time of the system to the reduction of the land-derived nutrient loads. Responsible for that is the low burial efficiency of phosphorus at anoxic conditions and its remobilization from sediments when conditions change from oxic to anoxic. This results in a stoichiometric excess of phosphorus available for organic-matter production, which promotes the growth of N2-fixing cyanobacteria and in turn supports eutrophication. This assessment reviews the available and published knowledge on the biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea. In its content, the paper covers the aspects related to changes in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, and P) external loads, their transformations in the coastal zone, changes in organic-matter production (eutrophication) and remineralization (oxygen availability), and the role of sediments in burial and turnover of C, N, and P. In addition to that, this paper focuses also on changes in the marine CO2 system, the structure and functioning of the microbial community, and the role of contaminants for biogeochemical processes. This comprehensive assessment allowed also for identifying knowledge gaps and future research needs in the field of marine biogeochemistry in the Baltic Sea. Copyright:
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| 23. |
- Lindqvist, Camilla, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Fullerene Nucleating Agents: A Route Towards Thermally Stable Photovoltaic Blends
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6840 .- 1614-6832. ; 4:9, s. 1301437-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bulk-heterojunction nanostructure of non-crystalline polymer: fullerene blends has the tendency to rapidly coarsen when heated above its glass transition temperature, which represents an important degradation mechanism. We demonstrate that fullerene nucleating agents can be used to thermally arrest the nanostructure of photovoltaic blends that comprise a non-crystalline thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer and the widely used fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). To this end, C-60 fullerene is employed to efficiently nucleate PCBM crystallization. Sub-micrometer-sized fullerene crystals are formed when as little as 2 wt% C-60 with respect to PCBM is added to the blend. These reach an average size of only 200 nanometers upon introduction of more than 8 wt% C-60. Solar cells based on C-60-nucleated blends indicate significantly improved thermal stability of the bulk-heterojunction nanostructure even after annealing at an elevated temperature of 130 degrees C, which lies above the glass transition temperature of the blend. Moreover, we find that various other compounds, including C-70 fullerene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and sodium benzoate, as well as a number of commercial nucleating agents-commonly used to clarify isotactic polypropylene-permit to control crystallization of the fullerene phase.
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| 24. |
- Lövheim, Hugo, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Gottfries' Cognitive Scale for Staff Proxy Rating of Cognitive Function Among Nursing Home Residents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 72:4, s. 1251-1260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: For research purposes, there is a need for tools to assess an individual's level of cognitive function. For survey-based investigations in nursing home contexts, proxy ratings allow the assessment also of individuals with severe cognitive impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the feasibility and psychometric properties of Gottfries' cognitive scale when used in a nursing home context for proxy rating of cognitive function. Method: The psychometric properties of Gottfries' cognitive scale were investigated in a sample of 8,492 nursing home residents in Vasterbotten County, Sweden, using item response theory and classic scale theory-based approaches. Results: Cognitive function could be scored in 97.1% of the assessed individuals. The scale had a negligible floor effect, it had items with a large spread in difficulties, it appeared linear, and it distributed the assessed individuals equally over the scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.967, and an exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors of the scale - interpreted to represent orientation to time, to place, and to person. Conclusion: Gottfries' cognitive scale is a feasible tool for grading cognitive function among nursing home residents using staff proxy ratings. The scale has excellent psychometric properties with a very high internal consistency, a favorable distribution of item difficulties producing an almost rectangular distribution of scores, and a negligible floor effect. The scale thus can be recommended for use in survey-based investigations in nursing home contexts.
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| 25. |
- Martin, Natalia Mihaela, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Structure-function relationship for CO2 methanation over ceria supported Rh and Ni catalysts under atmospheric pressure conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Catalysis Science and Technology. - 2044-4753 .- 2044-4761. ; 9:7, s. 1644-1653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ structural and chemical state characterization of Rh/CeO 2 and Ni/CeO 2 catalysts during atmospheric pressure CO 2 methanation has been performed by a combined array of time-resolved analytical techniques including ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-energy X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The ceria phase is partially reduced during the CO 2 methanation and in particular Ce 3+ species seem to facilitate activation of CO 2 molecules. The activated CO 2 molecules then react with atomic hydrogen provided from H 2 dissociation on Rh and Ni sites to form formate species. For the most active catalyst (Rh/CeO 2 ), transmission electron microscopy measurements show that the Rh nanoparticles are small (average 4 nm, but with a long tail towards smaller particles) due to a strong interaction between Rh particles and the ceria phase. In contrast, larger nanoparticles were observed for the Ni/CeO 2 catalyst (average 6 nm, with no crystallites below 5 nm found), suggesting a weaker interaction with the ceria phase. The higher selectivity towards methane of Rh/CeO 2 is proposed to be due to the stronger metal-support interaction.
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| 26. |
- Mosquera, Paola A, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Income-related inequalities in cardiovascular disease from mid-life to old age in a Northern Swedish cohort : a decomposition analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 149, s. 135-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the social determinants of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are fairly well-known, the determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in CVD are scarcely studied and almost completely based on cross-sectional designs in which the changing circumstances across the life course are not taken into account. The present study seeks to incorporate a life course approach to the social determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in CVD. The specific aims were to 1) examine how income-related inequalities in CVD change over two decades of the mid-late life course, and 2) identify the key social determinants of the inequalities at each time period. The cohort (N = 44,039) comprised all individuals aged 40-60 years in 1990 who during 1990-2010 were enrolled in the county-wide preventive effort :"Västerbotten Intervention Program" (VIP). The cohort was followed over these two decades by Swedish population register data linked within the Umeå SIMSAM Lab micro data infrastructure. First-time hospitalization for CVD and mean earned income were used to calculate the concentration index (C) during four periods of 5-6 years. The C for each period was decomposed by sociodemographic factors, using Wagstaff-type decomposition analysis. Results suggest that inequalities in CVD increase gradually from mid-life to old age; from initially non-significant to particularly marked among the elderly. The decomposition showed that, from middle to old age, educational and employment inequalities underwent a transition from initially dominant to a moderate role in explaining the health inequalities, coupled with an increasing importance of age and a stable role of income. In conclusion, the study illustrates the need for incorporating a dynamic life course perspective into research, policy and practice concerned with equity in health.
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| 27. |
- Nilsson, Kristofer F., 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of new bioactive organic nitrites and their identification with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled to nitrite reduction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biochemical Pharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0006-2952 .- 1356-1839 .- 1873-2968. ; 82:3, s. 248-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitric oxide (NO) donors, notably organic nitrates and nitrites are used therapeutically but tolerance develops rapidly, making the use of e.g. nitroglycerin difficult. NO donation in the pulmonary vascular bed might be useful in critically ill patients. Organic nitrites are not associated with tachyphylaxis but may induce methaemoglobinemia and systemic hypotension which might hamper their use. We hypothesised that new lung-selective NO donors can be identified by utilizing exhaled NO as measure for pulmonary NO donation and systemic arterial pressure to monitor hypotension and tolerance development. Solutions of alcohols and carbohydrates were reacted with NO gas and administered to ventilated rabbits for evaluation of in vivo NO donation. Chemical characterization was made by liquid chromatography with on-line nitrite reduction (LC-NO) and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vivo experiments showed that the hydroxyl-containing compounds treated with NO gas yielded potent NO donors, via nitrosylation to organic nitrites. Analyses by LC-NO showed that the reaction products were able to release NO in vitro. In GC-MS the reaction products were determined to be the organic nitrites, where some are new chemical entities. Non-polar donors preferentially increased exhaled NO with less effect on systemic blood pressure whereas more polar molecules had larger effects on systemic blood pressure and less on exhaled NO. We conclude that new organic nitrites suitable for intravenous administration are produced by reacting NO gas and certain hydroxyl-containing compounds in aqueous solutions. Selectivity of different organic nitrites towards the pulmonary and systemic circulation, respectively, may be determined by molecular polarity.
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| 28. |
- Sundbom, Per, 1981-
(författare)
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Acoustic and afterload evaluation of left ventricular assist devices
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Heart Failure is a serious condition with consequences not only for the individual patient but also for the society with a 5-year mortality rate of 45-60%, and a substantial economic burden. The estimated prevalence in Sweden is 2.2% and the age adjusted prevalence increases with higher age. The fundamental treatment for heart failure is pharmaceutical in combination with life-style changes, and physiotherapy. For patients with advanced heart failure, the use of long-term circulatory support can be an option as a bridge to transplantation, or as destination therapy. However, this treatment entails a risk of multiple adverse events. The incidence of pump thrombosis increased as a clinical problem in 2012 and the need for diagnostic methods were desired. The aim of this thesis was to develop and to evaluate the use of a mock loop circuit to study the acoustics of left ventricular assist devices, to evaluate different recording devices and to study the effect of afterload on pump function.Methods: Two different mock loops, with the possibility to insert artificial thrombus and to adjust preload and afterload were created to facilitate recording of the left ventricular assist devices. An iPhone/iPodTM was used as recording device since remote monitoring is desirable. The sounds from HeartMate IITM during different conditions were studied. The iPhone/iPod was evaluated in comparison to dedicated recording equipment, and the mock loop recordings to clinical situation. The sound from HeartMate 3TM was studied, compared between in vivo and in vitro recordings, and the use of an electronic stethoscope was evaluated. The impact of afterload on left ventricular assist devices was studied in a mock loop circuit with different changes in preload and afterload.Results: Mock loop circuit is a promising method to safely change the surrounding conditions as the pump is working. The sound from both HeartMate IITM and HeartMate 3TM can be recorded and analyzed in frequency and time domain. When inserting artificial thrombus in a HeartMate IITM the frequency spectrum is altered. The use of dedicated recording devices is superior to both electronic stethoscope and iPhone/iPodTM, but these handheld devices can be used in clinical settings. The recordings from mock loop circuit and patients appear similar for both HeartMate IITM and HeartMate 3TM. The flow of the devices is affected by the afterload. The HeartMate 3TM is more resistant to increased clot analogs within the pump. For both pumps, best efficacy is seen for clean circuits. The flow rate from the monitor might be misleading since the measured flow rate and the flow rate from monitor can differ due to surrounding conditions. The estimated flow might be adjusted by fitting a parabolic curve.Conclusion: The use of mock loop circuit to study both flow and sound under different conditions is valid. It is possible to record and study the sound from both HeartMate IITM and HeartMate 3TM. The sound holds information of pump function and appears similar in vivo and in vitro. All recording devices can be used, but dedicated equipment is superior to the more handheld devices, although these might have a function as a screening device. The flow measurement on the monitor might not be valid and optimization of fluid status and afterload can further increase pump efficiency.
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| 29. |
- Sundbom, Per, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Sound analysis of the magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device HeartMate 3™
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Artificial Organs. - : Sagamore Publishing. - 0391-3988 .- 1724-6040. ; 42:12, s. 717-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The HeartMate 3™ has shown lower rates of adverse events compared to previous devices due to the design and absence of mechanical bearings. For previous devices, sound analysis emerged as a way to assess pump function. The aims of this study were to determine if sound analysis can be applied to the HeartMate 3 in vivo and in vitro and to evaluate an electronic stethoscope.METHOD: Sound recordings were performed with microphones and clinical accessible electronic stethoscope. The recordings were studied in both the time and the frequency domains. Recordings from four patients were performed to determine if in vivo and in vitro recordings are comparable.RESULTS: The results show that it is possible to detect sound from HeartMate 3 and the sound spectrum is clear. Pump frequency and frequency of the pulsatile mode are easily determined. Frequency spectra from in vitro and in vivo recordings have the same pattern, and the major proportion (96.7%) of signal power is located at the pump speed frequency ±40 Hz. The recordings from the patients show low inter-individual differences except from location of peaks originating from pump speed and harmonics. Electronic stethoscopes could be used for sound recordings, but the dedicated equipment showed a clearer sound spectrum.DISCUSSION: The results show that acoustic analysis can also be performed with the HeartMate 3 and that in vivo and in vitro sound spectrum is similar. The frequency spectra are different from previous devices, and methods for assessing pump function or thrombosis need further evaluation.
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| 30. |
- Svahn, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular drug use among people with cognitive impairment living in nursing homes in northern Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 76:4, s. 525-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe changes in the pattern of cardiovascular agents used in elderly people living in nursing homes between 2007 and 2013. Further, the aim was to analyse the use of cardiovascular drugs in relation to cognitive impairment and associated factors within the same population, where prescription of loop diuretics was used as a proxy for heart failure.Methods: Two questionnaire surveys were performed including 2494 people in 2007 and 1654 people in 2013 living in nursing homes in northern Sweden. Data were collected concerning drug use, functioning in activities of daily living (ADL) and cognition, using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS). The use of different drugs and drug classes among people at four different levels of cognitive function in 2007 and 2013 were compared.Results: The proportion of people prescribed ASA and diuretics was significantly lower at all four levels of cognitive function in 2013 compared to 2007. Among people prescribed loop diuretics, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs) increased from 37.8 to 45.6%, β-blockers from 36.0 to 41.8% and warfarin from 4.4 to 11.4%. The use of warfarin, ACEI/ARBs, β-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) were less common among individuals with more severe cognitive impairment.Conclusion: The results indicate that cardiovascular drug treatment has improved between 2007 and 2013, but there is room for further improvement, especially regarding adherence to guidelines for heart failure. Increasing cognitive impairment had an effect on treatment patterns for heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
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| 31. |
- Waenerlund, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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History of labour market attachment as a determinant of health status: a 12-year follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 4:2, s. e004053-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The present study aims at using trajectory analysis to measure labour market attachment (LMA) over 12years and at examining whether labour market tracks relate to perceived health status.Design Data were retrieved from a 26-year prospective cohort study, the Northern Swedish Cohort.Setting and participants All ninth grade students (n=1083) within the municipality of Lulea in northern Sweden were included in the baseline investigation in 1981. The vast majority (94%) of the original cohort participated at the fourth follow-up. In this study, 969 participants were included.Measures Perceived health status (psychological distress and non-optimal self-rated health) at age 42 and the data obtained from questionnaires.Results We have identified four tracks in relation to LMA across the 12-year period: permanent', high level', strengthening' and poor level' of attachment. LMA history relates to psychological distress. High level (OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.27)), strengthening (OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.93)) and poor attachment (OR 3.14 (95% CI 2.10 to 4.70) involve higher OR for psychological distress compared with permanent attachment. The overall p value remained significant in the final model (p=0.001). Analyses regarding non-optimal self-rated health displayed a similar pattern but this was not significant in the final model.Conclusions Our results suggest that health status in mid-life, particularly psychological distress, is related to patterns of LMA history, to a large part independently of other social risk factors and previous health. Consideration of heterogeneity and time in LMA might be important when analysing associations with perceived health.
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| 32. |
- Wennberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Irregular eating of meals in adolescence and the metabolic syndrome in adulthood : results from a 27-year prospective cohort
- 2016
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 19:3, s. 667-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective was to investigate whether irregular eating of meals in adolescence predicts the metabolic syndrome and its components in adulthood, and if any specific meal is of particular importance. Design: Prospective cohort study with 27 years of follow-up. Information on meals (breakfast, school lunch and dinner with family), lifestyle (alcohol consumption, smoking habits, physical activity, consumption of sweets and pastries) at age 16 years was assessed from questionnaires, and presence or not of the metabolic syndrome and its components were defined at age 43 years in 889 participants (82.1 % of total cohort). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Setting: The Northern Swedish Cohort; all school-leavers of the 9th grade in the town Lulea in 1981. Subjects: Adolescents (age 16 years). Results: Irregular eating of meals at age 16 years was associated with higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years (OR=1.74; 95 % CI 1.12, 2.71), but this was explained by concurrent unhealthy lifestyle at age 16 years. Poor breakfast at age 16 years was the only meal associated with the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years, independent of other meals, BMI (kg/m2) and lifestyle at age 16 years (OR = 1.67; 95 % CI 1.00, 2.80). Conclusions: Irregular eating of meals in adolescence predicted the metabolic syndrome in adulthood, but not independently of BMI and lifestyle in adolescence. Poor breakfast in adolescence was the only specific meal associated with future metabolic syndrome, even after adjustments. Breakfast eating should be encouraged in adolescence.
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| 33. |
- Wennberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in adulthood
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 18:1, s. 122-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyse whether poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome and its components in adulthood. Previous studies suggest that regular breakfast consumption improves metabolic parameters. Design: Prospective. Breakfast habits and other lifestyle variables at age 16 years were assessed from questionnaires. Poor breakfast habits were defined as skipping breakfast or only drinking or eating something sweet. At age 43 years, the effective sample consisted of 889 participants defined as having the metabolic syndrome or not, using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Setting: The Northern Swedish Cohort, a longitudinal population-based cohort with 27-year follow-up. Subjects: Adolescents (age 16 years). Results: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 27.0%. Of the participants, 9.9% were classified with poor breakfast habits at age 16 years. Adjusted odds for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was OR = 1.68 (95% CI 1.01, 2.78) for those with poor breakfast habits at age 16 years compared with breakfast eaters. Looking at the metabolic syndrome components, poor breakfast habits at age 16 years were associated with central obesity (OR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.00, 2.92) and high fasting glucose (OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.01, 3.02) at age 43 years, even after multivariate adjustments. Conclusions: Poor breakfast habits in adolescence predicted the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Of the metabolic syndrome components, poor breakfast habits in adolescence predicted central obesity and high fasting glucose in adulthood. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between early breakfast habits and adult metabolic syndrome.
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| 34. |
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