| 1. |
- Björklund, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Film och historia : exemplet Erik Hedling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Historiska fiktioner : En antologi om film, tv och historia - En antologi om film, tv och historia. - 9789189063310 ; , s. 9-23
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikel om relationen mellan film och historia med betoning på den forskning som Erik Hedling, professor i filmvetenskap vid Lunds universitet, har bedrivit.
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| 2. |
- Skoglund, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Functional improvements to 6 months of physical activity are not related to changes in size or density of multiple lower-extremity muscles in mobility-limited older individuals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults are encouraged to engage in multicomponent physical activity, which includes aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. The current work is an extension of the Vitality, Independence, and Vigor in the Elderly 2 (VIVE2) study - a 6-month multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of physical activity and nutritional supplementation in community dwelling 70-year-old seniors. Here, we examined whether the magnitude of changes in muscle size and quality differed between major lower-extremity muscle groups and related these changes to functional outcomes. We also examined whether daily vitamin-D-enriched protein supplementation could augment the response to structured physical activity. Forty-nine men and women (77 ± 5 yrs) performed brisk walking, muscle-strengthening exercises for the lower limbs, and balance training 3 times weekly for 6 months. Participants were randomized to daily intake of a nutritional supplement (20 g whey protein + 800 IU vitamin D), or a placebo. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and radiological attenuation (RA) were assessed in 8 different muscle groups using single-slice CT scans of the hip, thigh, and calf at baseline and after the intervention. Walking speed and performance in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were also measured. For both CSA and RA, there were muscle group × time interactions (P < 0.01). Significant increases in CSA were observed in 2 of the 8 muscles studied, namely the knee extensors (1.9%) and the hip adductors (2.8%). For RA, increases were observed in 4 of 8 muscle groups, namely the hip flexors (1.1 HU), hip adductors (0.9 HU), knee extensors (1.2 HU), and ankle dorsiflexors (0.8 HU). No additive effect of nutritional supplementation was observed. While walking speed (13%) and SPPB performance (38%) improved markedly, multivariate analysis showed that these changes were not associated with the changes in muscle CSA and RA after the intervention. We conclude that this type of multicomponent physical activity program results in significant improvements in physical function despite relatively small changes in muscle size and quality of some, but not all, of the measured lower extremity muscles involved in locomotion.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Lars Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Little Dog for Roger : en film av Malcolm Le Grice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Historiska fiktioner : En antologi om film, tv och historia - En antologi om film, tv och historia. - 978 91 8906 331 0 ; , s. 70-77
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Short analysis of the experimental film "Little Dog for Roger" (1967) by British artist and filmmaker Malcolm Le Grice (b. 1940).
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| 4. |
- Assenza, Giacomo, et al.
(författare)
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White Paper on Industry Experiences in Critical Information Infrastructure Security : A Special Session at CRITIS 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Critical Information Infrastructures Security14th International Conference, CRITIS 2019. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030376697 - 9783030376703 ; , s. 197-207
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The security of critical infrastructures is of paramount importance nowadays due to the growing complexity of components and applications. This paper collects the contributions to the industry dissemination session within the 14th International Conference on Critical Information Infrastructures Security (CRITIS 2019). As such, it provides an overview of recent practical experience reports in the field of critical infrastructure protection (CIP), involving major industry players. The set of cases reported in this paper includes the usage of serious gaming for training infrastructure operators, integrated safety and security management in the chemical/process industry, risks related to the cyber-economy for energy suppliers, smart troubleshooting in the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as intrusion detection in power distribution Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA). The session has been organized to stimulate an open scientific discussion about industry challenges, open issues and future opportunities in CIP research.
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| 5. |
- Bengmark, Samuel, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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What graduates want in teacher education
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; In press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand what to improve in initial teacher education to better prepare teachers for their profession, we asked alumni (N = 93) from three Swedish initial teacher education programs, what in their education they thought had benefited them the most in preparing them for a teaching career, and what they thought was lacking given their professional needs. Questionnaire responses yielded seven categories: leadership, practicum, didactics, teaching methods, assessment, and personal development. Our results show that the practicum is seen as very valuable and that alumni wish they had been taught more about leadership in the classroom, and teaching methods. On the other hand, there is little evidence that the alumni value the theoretical parts of their programs, including scientific inquiry, in contrast to what research says is essential and what national regulations demand. Differences in replies between the three programs are also discussed and related to the features of the programs.
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| 6. |
- Berg, Hans E., et al.
(författare)
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Threshold-automated CT measurements of muscle size and radiological attenuation in multiple lower-extremity muscles of older individuals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : WILEY. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 40:3, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle atrophy and fat infiltration, two indicators of deconditioning and weakness in elderly frail patients, are typically assessed by means of manual image analysis from computed tomography (CT) scans. As this time-consuming image analysis limits its wider use in clinical studies, the use of tissue thresholds to semi-automatically assess muscle composition has been suggested. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between manual and semi-automated analysis of both cross-sectional area (CSA) and radiological attenuation (RA), in multiple muscles of the lower extremities in aged (77 +/- 6 years) sedentary individuals (n = 40). The participants underwent CT scans of their lower limbs, including hip, thigh and calf muscles. The subsequent analysis of CSA and RA was conducted using both manual segmentation and semi-automatic thresholds (-30 to +150 Hounsfield units). Automated measurements were generally strongly correlated with manually encircled CSA in all muscle groups (R = 0.79-0.99, p < .05) and shortened the analysis time by 70% (p < .05). In m. iliopsoas, however, the CSA became overestimated (15%, p < .05) with thresholded measurements, while the assessment of both CSA and RA was underestimated in muscles with high-fat content (i.e., the gluteal muscles) and in individuals with high-fat infiltration. In conclusion, using the semi-automated technique with conventional thresholds is a time-saving method that delivers accurate gross size of the muscle groups, particularly in the thigh. However, caution should be exercised when using semi-automated techniques for assessing CSA and fat infiltration in muscles with high-fat content.
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| 7. |
- Bjoreland, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Liquid ionization chamber calibrated gel dosimetry in conformal stereotactic radiotherapy of brain lesions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 47:6, s. 1099-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypofractionated conformal stereotactic radiotherapy (HCSRT) is an established method of treating brain lesions such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and brain metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of treatment plans in the terms of dose distribution and absorbed dose for HCSRT. Methods and materials. Treatment plans for three different clinical intracerebral targets, AVMs, were transferred to a CT study of a spherical water filled phantom simulating the human head and recalculated for the phantom geometry using a standard treatment planning system utilizing a pencil beam algorithm for dose calculation. The calculated absorbed dose, relative three dimensional (3D) dose distribution and dose conformity were investigated using gel dosimetry normalized to liquid ionization chamber (LIC) measurements. Results. The measured absorbed dose to the dose reference point was found to be within 2% of the calculated dose for all three targets. The measured dose distribution was found to be within 3% and 2 mm of the calculated dose for more than 93% of all points in the target volume for all three targets. Conclusions. The results show that the investigated standard treatment planning system can correctly predict the absorbed dose and dose distribution in different types of intracerebral targets and that the treatment can be delivered according to the plan.
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| 8. |
- Björklund, Elisabet, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Film och historia : exemplet Erik Hedling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Historiska fiktioner. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789189063310 ; , s. 9-23
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Bourdieu, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Leve idrottspedagogiken : En vänbok tillägnad Lars-Magnus Engström
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vem ägnar sig åt idrott? Vilken betydelse har fritiden i barns och ungdomars liv? Vad innebär hälsa i skolämnet idrott och hälsa?Leve idrottspedagogiken! tillägnas Lars-Magnus Engström. Texterna i boken speglar delar av det idrottspedagogiska forskningsområdet i Sverige, vars framväxt Lars-Magnus Engström varit den främste företrädaren för. Läsaren får här ta del av exempelvis idrottskulturen, fritidskulturen och skolans ämne idrott och hälsa. Genomgående handlar texterna om villkoren för barns och ungdomars deltagane och om de olika lärprocesser som sker i anslutning till idrottsutövning.Lars-Magnus Engström har gjort betydande insatser som forskare och lärare samt som professor vid Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm och vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. I snart fyrtion år har han arbetat med studier kring påverkans- och lärprocesser i idrott. Hans forskning har främst kretsat kring människors idrottsvanor och vilka som utvecklar en fysiskt aktiv livsstil. Idrotts- och motionsutövningar ger både ett så kallat egenvärde och investeringsvärde. Med dessa begrepp bland många andra har Lars-Magnus Engström bidragit till en fördjupad vetenskaplig förståelse av idrottskulturen.De flesta författarna har eller har haft Lars-Magnus Engström som handledare och tillhör forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur. Redaktörer för boken är Karin Redelius och Håkan Larsson.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., et al.
(författare)
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Resistance Training with Co-ingestion of Anti-inflammatory Drugs Attenuates Mitochondrial Function
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The current study aimed to examine the effects of resistance exercise with concomitant consumption of high versus low daily doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. As a secondary aim, we compared the effects of eccentric-overload with conventional training. Methods: Twenty participants were randomized to either a group taking high doses (3 x 400 mg/day) of ibuprofen (IBU; 27±5 yr; n=11) or a group ingesting a low dose (1 x 75 mg/day) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 26±4 yr; n=9) during 8 weeks of supervised knee extensor resistance training. Each of the subject’s legs were randomized to complete the training program using either a flywheel (FW) device emphasizing eccentric-overload, or a traditional weight stack machine (WS). Maximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (CI+IIP) from permeabilized skeletal muscle bundles was assessed using high-resolution respirometry. Citrate synthase (CS) activity was assessed using spectrophotometric techniques and mitochondrial protein content using western blotting. Results: After training, CI+IIP decreased (P<0.05) in both IBU (23%) and ASA (29%) with no difference across medical treatments. Although CI+IIP decreased in both legs, the decrease was greater (interaction p = 0.015) in WS (33%, p = 0.001) compared with FW (19%, p = 0.078). CS activity increased (p = 0.027) with resistance training, with no interactions with medical treatment or training modality. Protein expression of ULK1 increased with training in both groups (p < 0.001). The increase in quadriceps muscle volume was not correlated with changes in CI+IIP (R=0.16). Conclusion: These results suggest that 8 weeks of resistance training with co-ingestion of anti-inflammatory drugs reduces mitochondrial function but increases mitochondrial content. The observed changes were not affected by higher doses of NSAIDs consumption, suggesting that the resistance training intervention was the prime mediator of the decreased mitochondrial phosphorylation. Finally, we noted that flywheel resistance training, emphasizing eccentric overload, rescued some of the reduction in mitochondrial function seen with conventional resistance training.
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| 12. |
- Cardinale, Daniele, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance Exercise Attenuates Mitochondrial Function : Effects Of NSAID Intake And Eccentric-Overload Training
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 49(5S):329, MAY 2017. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). ; , s. 329-329
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although nonsteroidal antiinflammatorydrugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to modulate skeletal muscle adaptations and protein metabolism in response toresistance exercise, little is known about the effects of NSAIDs on mitochondrial function. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the effects of resistanceexercise with concomitant NSAID consumption on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Twenty participants were randomized in asingleblindedfashion to either an experimental group receiving ibuprofen (IBU: 27±5 yr; n=11; 1200 mg/d) or a control group receiving a lowdoseacetylsalicylic acid (CON: 26±4 yr; n=9; 75 mg/d) During this period, subjects performed 8 weeks of supervised resistance exercise involving the kneeextensors muscles. Each of the subject’s legs were randomized to complete the training program using either a flywheel (FW) device emphasizing eccentricoverload,or a traditional weight stack machine (WS). Maximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) from permeabilized skeletal muscle bundleswas assessed using high resolution respirometry before and after the training intervention. Citrate synthase activity was assessed using spectrophotometrictechniques. After training, OXPHOS decreased (P<0.05) in both IBU (23%) and CON (29%) with no difference across medical treatments. Although OXPHOSdecreased in both legs, the decrease was greater (interaction P= 0.015) in WS (33%, P= 0.015) than in FW (19%, P= 0.078). Citrate synthase (CS) did notchange after the intervention. The increase in quadriceps muscle volume was not significantly correlated with the change in OXPHOS (R=0.15). These resultssuggest that 1) eight weeks of resistance training reduces mitochondrial function but not mitochondrial content, 2) The decreased mitochondrial function withresistance exercise was not affected by ibuprofen consumption, 3) flywheel resistance training, emphasizing eccentric overload, rescues some of thereduction in mitochondrial function seen with conventional resistance training.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Caselli, Lucrezia, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of nanoparticles with lipid films : the role of symmetry and shape anisotropy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 24:5, s. 2762-2776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bioactivity, biological fate and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials when they come into contact with living organisms are determined by their interaction with biomacromolecules and biological barriers. In this context, the role of symmetry/shape anisotropy of both the nanomaterials and biological interfaces in their mutual interaction, is a relatively unaddressed issue. Here, we study the interaction of gold nanoparticles (NPs) of different shapes (nanospheres and nanorods) with biomimetic membranes of different morphology, i.e. flat membranes (2D symmetry, representative of the most common plasma membrane geometry), and cubic membranes (3D symmetry, representative of non-lamellar membranes, found in Nature under certain biological conditions). For this purpose we used an ensemble of complementary structural techniques, including Neutron Reflectometry, Grazing Incidence Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, on a nanometer lengthscale and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy on a micrometer length scale. We found that the structural stability of the membrane towards NPs is dependent on the topological characteristic of the lipid assembly and of the NPs, where a higher symmetry gave higher stability. In addition, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analyses highlighted that NPs interact with cubic and lamellar phases according to two distinct mechanisms, related to the different structures of the lipid assemblies. This study for the first time systematically addresses the role of NPs shape in the interaction with lipid assemblies with different symmetry. The results will contribute to improve the fundamental knowledge on lipid interfaces and will provide new insights on the biological function of phase transitions as a response strategy to the exposure of NPs.
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| 15. |
- Dimenäs, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Att bli lärare - argument för en integrerad lärarutbildning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Högre Utbildning. - 2000-7558. ; 6:2, s. 121-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All form av utbildning i Sverige har under de senaste åren genomgått flera och stora reformer vilket inte minst påverkat lärarutbildningen. I denna forskningsöversikt fokuseras speciellt på att huvuddelen av lärarutbildningen handlar om läraryrket och endast en mindre del av studenternas möte med yrkesverksamheten. Artikeln uppmärksammar att traditionell delning mellan teoretiska och verksamhetsförlagda studier vare sig nationellt eller internationellt visat sig vara framgångsrik vad gäller att uppfylla lärarutbildnings mål. För att få ett perspektiv på svensk lärarutbildning har några internationella utblickar gjorts mot det som kan ses som generell problematik inom lärarutbildningar. Syftet med artikeln är att utifrån befintlig forskning kring lärarutbildning belysa och argumentera för åtgärder som kan möjliggöra en integrativ och forskningsbaserad lärarutbildning. Analysen bygger på ramfaktorteori i en lärarutbildningskontext. Resultatet av studien visar att det med forskning kring lärarutbildning som grund finns starka motiv för en tydligare integration mellan högskole- och verksamhetsförlagd utbildning. Vidare uppmärksammas vikten av att jämställa ett vetenskapligt förhållningssätt med beprövad erfarenhet. Vår slutsats är att det finns entydiga forskningsbaserade argument och åtgärder som kan leda till att svensk lärarutbildning utvecklas mot ett ökat fokus på integration.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Englund, Davis A., et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional Supplementation With Physical Activity Improves Muscle Composition in Mobility-Limited Older Adults, The VIVE2 Study : A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 73:1, s. 95-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nutritional supplementation and physical activity have been shown to positively influence muscle mass and strength in older adults. The efficacy of long-term nutritional supplementation in combination with physical activity in older adults remains unclear.Methods: Mobility-limited (short physical performance battery [SPPB] ≤9) and vitamin D insufficient (serum 25(OH) D 9–24 ng/mL) older adults were recruited for this study. All subjects participated in a physical activity program. Subjects were randomized to consume a daily nutritional supplement (150 kcal, 20 g whey protein, 800 IU vitamin D, 119 mL beverage) or placebo (30 kcal, nonnutritive, 119 mL). In a prespecified secondary analysis, we examined total-body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), thigh composition (computed tomography), and muscle strength, power, and quality before and after the 6-month intervention.Results: One hundred and forty-nine subjects were randomized into the study [mean (standard deviation, SD) age 78.5 (5.4) years; 46.3% female; mean (SD) short physical performance battery 7.9 (1.2); mean (SD) vitamin D 18.7 (6.4) ng/mL]. After the intervention period both groups demonstrated improvements in muscle strength, body composition, and thigh composition. Nutritional supplementation lead to further losses of intermuscular fat (p = .049) and increased normal muscle density (p = .018).Conclusions: Six months of physical activity resulted in improvements in body composition, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and strength measures. The addition of nutritional supplementation resulted in further declines in intermuscular fat and improved muscle density compared to placebo. These results suggest nutritional supplementation provides additional benefits to mobility-limited older adults undergoing exercise training.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Farjam, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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The uses of the term polarisation in Swedish newspapers, 2010–2021
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordicom Review. - 2001-5119. ; 45:1, s. 1-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we investigate the rhetorical uses and media frames associated with the term polarisation in Swedish print media from 2010 to 2021. We first produce a qualitative and detailed assessment of a sample of 240 articles and then proceed to a computational (word2vec) analysis of all major Swedish newspaper articles including the term (N = 32,805). We find that the term has changed its rhetorical function over time. Initially used to describe, – that is, used as a technical descriptor of events and issues in society – this use later became increasingly vague and general. Instead, it has been rhetorically used to amplify, implying a sense of urgency, conflict, or threat. Over time, the term has been used increasingly frequently, but has been applied less to Sweden and, instead, most often associated with political actors and events in the US. Moreover, we find that, for Sweden, the term polarisation was mostly related to social and political issues, whereas for the US, it carried affective associations.
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| 23. |
- Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo, et al.
(författare)
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Three months of bed rest induce a residual transcriptomic signature resilient to resistance exercise countermeasures
- 2020
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : WILEY. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 34:6, s. 7958-7969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the muscle genome-wide response to long-term unloading (84-day bed rest) in 21 men. We hypothesized that a part of the bed rest-induced gene expression signature would be resilient to a concurrent flywheel resistance exercise (RE) countermeasure. Using DNA microarray technology analyzing 35 345 gene-level probe-sets, we identified 335 annotated probe-sets that were downregulated, and 315 that were upregulated after bed rest (P < .01). Besides a predictable differential expression of genes and pathways related to mitochondria (downregulation; false-discovery rates (FDR) <1E-04), ubiquitin system (upregulation; FDR = 3E-02), and skeletal muscle energy metabolism and structure (downregulation; FDR <= 3E-03), 84-day bed rest also altered circadian rhythm regulation (upregulation; FDR = 3E-02). While most of the bed rest-induced changes were counteracted by RE, 209 transcripts were resilient to the exercise countermeasure. Genes upregulated after bed rest were particularly resistant to training (P < .001 vs downregulated, non-reversed genes). Specifically, "Translation Factors," "Proteasome Degradation," "Cell Cycle," and "Nucleotide Metabolism" pathways were not normalized by RE. This study provides an unbiased high-throughput transcriptomic signature of one of the longest unloading periods in humans to date. Classical disuse-related changes in structural and metabolic genes/pathways were identified, together with a novel upregulation of circadian rhythm transcripts. In the context of previous bed rest campaigns, the latter seemed to be related to the duration of unloading, suggesting the transcriptomic machinery continues to adapt throughout extended disuse periods. Despite that the RE training offset most of the bed rest-induced muscle-phenotypic and transcriptomic alterations, we contend that the human skeletal muscle also displays a residual transcriptomic signature of unloading that is resistant to an established exercise countermeasure.
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| 24. |
- Fielding, R. A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of structured physical activity and nutritional supplementation on physical function in mobility-limited older adults : Results from the VIVE2 randomized trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 21:9, s. 936-942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactions between nutritional supplementation and physical activity on changes in physical function among older adults remain unclear. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of nutritional supplementation plus structured physical activity on 400M walk capacity in mobility-limited older adults across two sites (Boston, USA and Stockholm, Sweden). All subjects participated in a physical activity program (3x/week for 24 weeks), involving walking, strength, balance, and flexibility exercises. Subjects were randomized to a daily nutritional supplement (150kcal, 20g whey protein, 800 IU vitamin D) or placebo (30kcal, non-nutritive). Participants were recruited from urban communities at 2 field centers in Boston MA USA and Stockholm SWE. Mobility-limited (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) ae9) and vitamin D insufficient (serum 25(OH) D 9 - 24 ng/ml) older adults were recruited for this study. Primary outcome was gait speed assessed by the 400M walk. Results: 149 subjects were randomized into the study (mean age=77.5 +/- 5.4; female=46.3%; mean SPPB= 7.9 +/- 1.2; mean 25(OH)D=18.7 +/- 6.4 ng/ml). Adherence across supplement and placebo groups was similar (86% and 88%, respectively), and was also similar across groups for the physical activity intervention (75% and 72%, respectively). Both groups demonstrated an improvement in gait speed with no significant difference between those who received the nutritional supplement compared to the placebo (0.071 and 0.108 m/s, respectively (p=0.06)). Similar effects in physical function were observed using the SPPB. Serum 25(OH)D increased in supplemented group compared to placebo 7.4 ng/ml versus 1.3 ng/ml respectively. Results suggest improved gait speed following physical activity program with no further improvement with added nutritional supplementation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Grosicki, Gregory J., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Interleukin-6 is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Strength, Quality, and Functional Adaptation with Exercise Training in Mobility-Limited Older Adults
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Frailty & Aging. - : EDITIONS SERDI. - 2260-1341 .- 2273-4309. ; 9:1, s. 57-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Human aging is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammation suspected to contribute to reductions in skeletal muscle size, strength, and function. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), may play a role in the reduced skeletal muscle adaptive response seen in older individuals.Objectives: To investigate relationships between circulating IL-6, skeletal muscle health and exercise adaptation in mobility-limited older adults.Design: Randomized controlled trial.Setting: Exercise laboratory on the Health Sciences campus of an urban university.Participants: 99 mobility-limited (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) <= 9) older adults.Intervention: 6-month structured physical activity with or without a protein and vitamin D nutritional supplement.Measurements: Circulating IL-6, skeletal muscle size, composition (percent normal density muscle tissue), strength, power, and specific force (strength/CSA) as well as physical function (gait speed, stair climb time, SPPB-score) were measured pre- and post-intervention.Results: At baseline, Spearman's correlations demonstrated an inverse relationship (P<0.05) between circulating IL-6 and thigh muscle composition (r = -0.201), strength (r = -0.311), power (r = -0.210), and specific force (r = -0.248), and positive association between IL-6 and stair climb time (r = 0.256; P<0.05). Although the training program did not affect circulating IL-6 levels (P=0.69), reductions in IL-6 were associated with gait speed improvements (r = -0.487; P<0.05) in "higher" IL-6 individuals (>1.36 pg/ml). Moreover, baseline IL-6 was inversely associated (P<0.05) with gains in appendicular lean mass and improvements in SPPB score (r = -0.211 and -0.237, respectively).Conclusions: These findings implicate age-related increases in circulating IL-6 as an important contributor to declines in skeletal muscle strength, quality, function, and training-mediated adaptation. Given the pervasive nature of inflammation among older adults, novel therapeutic strategies to reduce IL-6 as a means of preserving skeletal muscle health are enticing.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Gustafsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Phase behavior and aggregate structure in aqueous mixtures of sodium cholate and glycerol monooleate
- 1999
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC. - 0021-9797. ; 211:2, s. 326-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase behavior of the glycerol monooleate (GMO)-sodium cholate-water (or 0.9 wt% NaCl) system has been examined in the solvent-rich part, using small-angle X-ray scattering and conventional methods. Addition of cholate up to 7% of the total amphiphile
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| 29. |
- Gustafsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral diffusion of the secretory component (SC) in the basolateral membrane of the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29 assessed with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Physiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-9541 .- 1097-4652. ; 137:3, s. 608-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lateral diffusion of the secretory component (SC), acting as a receptor for dimeric IgA in the basolateral side of intestinal epithelial cells, was studied in the human colonic carcinoma cell line HT29. The HT29 cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in which galactose had been substituted for glucose to promote development of small intestine-like cells, with a distinct separation of the basolateral side from the apical surface. The SC was stained with rhodamine-labeled polyclonal anti-human SC rabbit antibodies (Ig) or Fab fragments, and the lateral mobility was assessed with the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique. The average lateral diffusion was consistent with a diffusion constant of 7.7 ± 2.0 (mean value ± SD; n = 29) and 7.1 ± 2.3 (n = 30) × 10−10 cm2s−1 for Ig-and Fab-labeled receptors, respectively, which is slower than lipid diffusion but is similar to that found for other membrane receptors. The corresponding values for the fraction of mobile receptors were 66 ± 13% and 71 ± 12%, respectively. Cells were labeled from the top of the culture plate, and cells adjacent to a mechanically made rift or a natural opening in the cell monolayer were labeled more strongly, confirming the microscope-based impression that the basolateral surface primarily harboured the SC receptor.
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| 30. |
- Gustafsson, Mathias Petter, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetrical access to information in social dilemmas with resource uncertainty
- 2004
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Ingår i: Contemporary psychological research on social dilemmas / R. Suleiman, D. V. Budescu, I. Fischer & D. M. Messick. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.. ; , s. 361-375
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resource uncertainty or incomplete knowledge about the size of a resource has been found to reduce cooperation in social dilemmas. After a brief review of this research the chapter focuses on how the negative effects of resource uncertainty can be eliminated or reduced. In analyzing the importance of information conveyed by others, emphasis is placed on situations where not all actors have access to the same information regarding resource size (i.e., asymmetric information). Several new experiments conducted by the authors are reported. Real-life examples where asymmetric information plays a crucial role are also analyzed.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Gustafsson, Mathias Petter, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Managing uncertain common resources
- 1999
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Ingår i: Resolving social dilemmas: Dynamic, structural, and intergroup aspects. - 9781138009370 ; , s. 219-225
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Gustafsson, Mathias Petter, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome-desirability bias in resource management problems
- 1999
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Ingår i: Thinking and Reasoning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-0708 .- 1354-6783. ; 5:4, s. 327-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequences of numbers representing prior resource size were presented to participants in a common-pool resource dilemma. The numbers were sampled from uniform probability distributions with either a low variance (low resource uncertainty) or a high variance (high resource uncertainty). Presentations were both sequential and simultaneous. Three groups of 16 undergraduates either estimated the size of the resource when it did not represent value to them; requested an amount from the resource, identified with a sum of money, when the outcome of the requests only depended on resource size; or requested from the resource (sum of money) when the outcome of the requests depended on both resource size and how much others in a group requested. In support of an individual outcome-desirability bias due to selective recall of the number sequences, after sequential presentation larger requests were observed when resource uncertainty was high than when it was low. No effects of resource uncertainty or presentation were found on the estimates of resource size. Whether or not the outcome of the requests depended on others' requests made little difference.
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| 34. |
- Gustafsson, Mathias Petter, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Overharvesting of resources of unknown size
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Psychologica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-6918. ; 103:1-2, s. 47-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two resource-dilemma experiments participants were free to request an amount from an available resource whose size was a random variable with a uniform distribution either within a small interval (low resource uncertainty) or within a large interval (high resource uncertainty). In Experiment 1, one group of 20 undergraduates guessed the size of the resource as well as rated how confident they were. In three other groups equal numbers of undergraduates requested an amount which they would receive if it did not exceed the available resource. In one of these groups the outcome was only dependent on resource size, whereas in the remaining groups the outcome also depended on the requests by four other unfamiliar subjects who were either real or imaginary. Partially supporting a perceptual-bias explanation, subjects were in all groups found to overestimate or overharvest when resource uncertainty increased. Yet, an optimism or outcome-desirability bias explanation was maintained since the requests increased more with resource uncertainty than did the guesses whether or not the outcome depended on otherś requests. Experiment 2 employed another three groups of 20 undergraduates in a step-level resource-dilemma. Confirming the conclusion of Experiment 1, the results supported the outcome-desirability bias explanation but failed to support an egoism-bias explanation in showing that the overharvesting effect of resource uncertainty was not affected by social uncertainty.
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| 35. |
- Gustafsson Stolt, Ulrica, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes to bioethical issues : a case study of a screening project
- 2002
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 54:9, s. 1333-1344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commonly expressed in theoretical discussions about ethical problems in the context of epidemiology and screening is the need for more data. A study was carried out involving 21 explorative interviews with participant and nonparticipant mothers in a neonatal research screening project in progress in Sweden, ABIS (All Babies in Southeast Sweden). The respondents were asked, by way of open-ended questions, to give their opinions about certain ethical issues: informed consent; reasons for joining/declining; surrogate decision; the collection, analysis and storage of written and “live” material (biobanks); intervention etc.The ethical implications mentioned in the literature mostly concern the risk of creating distress and anxiety (anxiety and possible stigmatisation in respect of positive or false-positive results, worry about material collected and stored, distress caused by blood sampling procedures, etc.). Our results do not support the idea that the risks are substantial. The respondents rather indicate an attitude of benevolence—they are positive both to the current research on children, to the material they contribute (both written material and “biomaterial”), to possible results and intervention plans. On the other hand the participants expressed concern about the storage of material and the right to be informed of any screening/project results. Further studies in this field are needed and would be of help in theoretical discussion, the work of ethical committees and the designing of, for example, screening and research projects.
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| 36. |
- Gustafsson Stolt, Ulrica, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Bioethical theory and practice in genetic screening for type 1 diabetes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Medicine, Health care and Philosophy. - 1386-7423 .- 1572-8633. ; 6:1, s. 45-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the potential ethical and psychological implications of screening, and especially inregard of screening on children without available and acceptable therapeutic measures, there is a common view that such procedures are not advisable. As part of an independent research- and bioethical case study, our aim was therefore to explore and describe bioethical issues among a representative sample of participant families (n = 17,055 children) in the ABIS (All Babies In South-east Sweden) research screening for Type 1 diabetes (IDDM).The primary aim is the identification of risk factors important for the development of diabetes and other multifactorial immune-mediated diseases. Four hundred, randomly chosen, participant mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire exploring issues of information, informed consent, bio-material, confidentiality and autonomy, and of prevention/intervention. 293 completed the questionnaire, resulting in a response rate of 73.3%. The majority of questions had the form of 6-point Likert-type response scales (1–6).We found that the majority of respondents felt calm in regard of samples and written material, and also concerning the possibility of their child in the future being identified as having high risk of developing Type 1 diabetes. An important finding concerning access and control of mainly biological data was indicated, with the respondents expressing concern for potential future use. We believe our findings indicate that this kind of empirical studies can substantially contribute to our understanding of bioethical issues of medical research involving genetics. Issues, such as safeguards ensuring theethical criteria of autonomy and respect, were emphasised by our respondents. We believe theissues brought up may promote further discussion, and do suggest issues for consideration by, among others, researchers, bioethicists and Institutional Review Boards.
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| 37. |
- Gustafsson Stolt, Ulrica, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Information and informed consent in a longitudinal screening involving children : a questionnaire survey
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 13, s. 376-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This empirical study explores participants' perceptions of information and understanding of their children's and their own involvement in a longitudinal screening, the ABIS Study. ABIS (All Babies In Southeast Sweden) is a multicentre, longitudinal research screening for Type 1 diabetes and multifactorial diseases involving 17 005 children and their families. For this study, a random selection of mothers was made, using perinatal questionnaire serial numbers from the ABIS study. In total, 293 of these mothers completed an anonymous questionnaire (response rate 73.3%). Our findings from the questionnaire indicate a marked difference between the reported satisfaction with and understanding of the information provided on the one hand and the significant lack of knowledge of some of the aims and methods of the ABIS screening on the other, namely concerning high-risk identification of involved children, potential prevention and future questionnaires. Two questions evoked by our results are: (1) what information is required for participants in longitudinal studies involving children? and (2) how do we ensure and sustain understanding, and thus in a prolonging, informed consent in these studies? This study underlines the importance of an increased understanding of the ethical issues that longitudinal research on children raise and the need to discuss how information and informed consent strategies should be analysed and designed in longitudinal studies.
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| 38. |
- Gustafsson Stolt, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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The problems of obtaining informed consent in screening for Type 1 diabetes involving small children
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose As part of a research ethical case study our objective was to explore existing and potential bioethical issues with regard to a research screening for Type 1 involving 17,000 children and their families (present outcome: 78.6%).Research design and methods The setting was ABIS (All Babies In Southeast Sweden), a presently ongoing Swedish research screening designed as a multi-centre, longitudinal and geographically located research screening for Type 1 Diabetes in an unselected birth cohort. From the perinatal questionnaire serial numbers we made a random selection of participating mothers. 293 completed the anonymous questionnaire, resulting in a response rate of 73.3%.Results The overall majority of respondents reported (1), being satisfied with the information, (2), looking upon the information as sufficient for their decision, (3), having fully understood the information and (4), having made a fully voluntary decision to participate. However, knowledge about the study varied widely and we found several variations of misunderstandings, even regarding basic facts. For example, one in three respondent was unsure (or indeed unaware) with regard to one aim being the identification of children at high risk.Condusions We have recorded flaws in research participants understanding of their own and their child's participation in a prospective screening programme, even though attention was paid to distributing information through a variety of methods. This points to the importance of giving information: in a variety of methods and also repeatedly in long-term studies.
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| 39. |
- Gustafsson, Tommy, 1969-
(författare)
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A Fight over Souls : Documentary Films on the Rwandan Genocide with a Christian Theme
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Religion and Film. - Omaha : University of Nebraska Press. - 1092-1311. ; 21:2, s. 1-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1994 genocide against the Tutsis in Rwanda have spawned over 150 feature films and feature-length documentaries, making it into the second most audio-visually recreated genocide after the Holocaust. Within this large body of historical films a subgenre have emerged with a distinctive Christian theme. This article explores these Christian themed documentary films about the Rwandan genocide and positions them within a film historical perspective as well as analyzes and contextualizes them as a subgenre of films about the Rwandan genocide within films about genocide in general. Of note are how memory and historiography are used, and the links between these films’ educational, religious, and commercial elements.
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| 40. |
- Gustafsson, Tommy, 1969-
(författare)
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A New Perspective on Americanisation : Interactions Between Sweden and America in Swedish Silent Film Culture in the 1920s
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Association for American Studies Conference, Växjö, 26-29/5 2005.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is an established notion that the silent movies were more international in their character than sound films. The arrival of talkies set up language barriers that often turned into national boundaries for smaller countries like Sweden. However, before this happened the international interaction between mainly European countries and America was vivid, exchanging directors, actors, and importing and exporting movies. For a short period (1917-1923) Sweden was among the leading countries that exported its movies to about 50 different countries – something that certainly sparked a national pride. However, during the same period the Hollywood film industry became world leading in the film market. Sweden, like most other European countries, had a condemning attitude towards the growing “Americanization” of the consumer and entertainment culture, mainly manifested in the thousands of imported films that the audience enjoyed in Swedish movie theatres. On reading overviews of Swedish film history it seems apparent that it was this Americanization that “destroyed” the national Swedish cinema, a belief that has lived on since some Swedish film critics saw it as a betrayal of the national glory when Swedish filmmakers sometimes turned to Hollywood films for inspiration. This paper will discuss this Americanization in a new light by doing a closer examination of some of these movies, excluded from the canon and therefore forgotten, and the material surrounding them. This will reveal that the vital exchange continued, although on a different level. Furthermore, a closer look at the Swedish film and entertainment culture of the 20s shows that the condemnation of the Americanization is not as single-minded as one first might expect. It is true that some saw it as something all bad which undermined the traditional society, but many others, particularly among the young, saw it as something new and good. The Swedish filmmakers were of course aware of this contemporary turbulence surrounding the film and consumer culture and they also put it into use in their films, using intertextual reference to Hollywood films that the Swedish audience knew well. And in the process they did not make American copies but distinct Swedish films with American allusions
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