| 1. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Min plats i biosfären
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “Min plats i biosfären” är en skrift som presenterar forskningsresultat om vilken roll kulturmiljön och de kulturella ekosystemtjänsterna kulturarv och platsidentitet har för människors välbefinnande och för hållbar landskapsförvaltning inom Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle. Resultaten i skriften baseras på forskningsprojektet “Kulturmiljö och kulturarv som en del av hållbar landskapsförvaltning” och har genomförts av forskare vid Göteborgs universitet och Högskolan i Gävle.
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| 2. |
- Gustavsson, Thorbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Fuktsäkra byggnader : en nulägesbeskrivning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boverket ser ett behov av en kunskapssammanställning kring nuläget om fuktsäkra byggnader i Sverige för att ha en så bred och korrekt förståelse som möjligt för vem branschen är, vilka regler som tillämpas, var det finns kunskapscentra och vilka utvecklingsbehov som behöver stödjas för att branschen ska kunna ta större ansvar. De utmaningar som noteras är: Byggsektorn beredskap och förmåga att möta de nya förändrade byggregler som planeras av Boverket.Den stora andelen fuktrelaterade fel och skador som rapporteras i olika utredningar. Kraven kopplat till fuktrelaterade innemiljöproblem är otydliga och ofta svåra att följa upp. Detta kan leda till fuktrelaterade innemiljöproblem som orsakar lidande för de individer som drabbas.Miljö och klimatfrågan ställer krav både på resurseffektivitet och minskad klimatpåverkan samt resiliens och klimatanpassning. Förändrade boendevanor och brukarvanor som ändrar på förutsättningarna i en byggnad. Fragmentering och specialisering med många aktörer med ansvar för sin del endast. Några utvecklingsområden har noterats. Områden där det behövs både forskning och utveckling av teknik, processer och samarbeten: Kvalitetssäkring av nya material, konstruktioner och produktionsmetoderKompetensutveckling och kompetensspridning.Framtagning och tillgängliggörande av kunskap, teknikutveckling. Samsyn behöver utvecklas när det gäller bl.a. uttorkning i betong och i vilken omfattning byggnader behöver skyddas mot fukt under byggproduktionen. Undersökning av utvecklingsmöjligheter behövs för att ta vara på digitaliseringens möjligheter med sensorer, digitala tvillingar, AI m.m. i samband med fuktsäkerhet. Kartläggningen skulle förstärkas med en bredare internationell utblick. Det tycks finnas en del skillnader både i arbetssätt och erfarenheter kring fuktsäkra byggnader.Förhoppningen är att kartläggning av fuktsäkra byggnader ska bidra till kunskapsspridning om bransch, aktörer, teknik, system, konstruktion, kontroller, drift och underhåll samt forskning och fortsatt utvecklingsarbete.
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| 3. |
- Hemmingsson, Eva-Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of pain and pharmacological pain and treatment among old people in nursing homes in 2007 and 2013
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 74:4, s. 483-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Many elderly people living in nursing homes experience pain and take analgesic medication. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of pain and pharmacological pain treatment among people living in nursing homes in Sweden, in two large, comparable, samples from 2007 to 2013.Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were performed in 2007 and 2013, including all residents in nursing homes in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. A total of 4933 residents (2814 and 2119 respectively) with a mean age of 84.6 and 85.0 years participated. Of these, 71.1 and 72.4% respectively were cognitively impaired. The survey was completed by the staff members who knew the residents best.Results: The prescription of opioids became significantly more common while the use of tramadol decreased significantly. The staff reported that 63.4% in 2007 and 62.3% in 2013 had experienced pain. Of those in pain, 20.2% in 2007 and 16.8% in 2013 received no treatment and 73.4 and 75.0% respectively of those with pain, but no pharmacological treatment, were incorrectly described by the staff as being treated for pain.Conclusions: There has been a change in the pharmacological analgesic treatment between 2007 and 2013 with less prescribing of tramadol and a greater proportion taking opioids. Nevertheless, undertreatment of pain still occurs and in many cases, staff members believed that the residents were prescribed analgesic treatment when this was not the case.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson Kajermo, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Translation, Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Context Assessment Index (CAI)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1545-102X .- 1741-6787. ; 10:1, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The strength of and relationship between the fundamental elements context, evidence and facilitation of the PARIHS framework are proposed to be key for successful implementation of evidence into healthcare practice. A better understanding of the presence and strength of contextual factors is assumed to enhance the opportunities of adequately developing an implementation strategy for a specific setting. A tool for assessing context-The Context Assessment Index (CAI)-was developed and published 2009. A Swedish version of the instrument was developed and evaluated among registered nurses. This work forms the focus of this paper. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to translate the CAI into Swedish, adapt the instrument for use in Swedish healthcare practice and assess its psychometric properties. METHODS: The instrument was translated and back-translated to English. The feasibility of items and response scales were evaluated through think aloud interviews with clinically active nurses. Psychometric properties were evaluated in a sample of registered nurses (n = 373) working in a variety of healthcare organisations in the Stockholm area. Item and factor analyses and Cronbach's alpha were computed to evaluate internal structure and internal consistency. RESULT: Sixteen items were modified based on the think aloud interviews and to adapt the instrument for use in acute care. A ceiling effect was observed for many items and the originally identified 37 item five-factor model was not confirmed. Item analyses showed an overlap between factors and indicated a one-dimensional scale. DISCUSSION: The Swedish version of the CAI has a wider application than the original instrument. This might have contributed to the differences in factor structure. Different opportunities for further development of the scale are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the CAI is required.
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| 5. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Amini, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment outcome in patients younger than 60 years with advanced stages (IIB-IV) of Hodgkin's disease: the Swedish National Health Care Programme experience
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 65:6, s. 379-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite improved treatment results achieved in Hodgkin's disease (HD), only about 70% of patients with advanced stages are cured. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of advanced stages (IIB-IVB) of HD in younger patients in an unselected population-based group of patients. The patients were recommended individualized treatment with respect to number of chemotherapy (CT) courses and post-CT radiotherapy (RT) based on pretreatment characteristics and tumour response. Secondly, we investigated if variables of prognostic importance could be detected.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1985-92, 307 patients between 17-59 yr of age (median 36) were diagnosed with HD in stages IIB-IVB in 5/6 health care regions in Sweden. Median follow-up time was 7.8 yr (1.3-13). Retrospectively, laboratory parameters were collected.RESULTS: In total, 267 (87%) patients had a complete response (CR). The overall and disease-free 10-yr survivals in the whole cohort were 76% and 67%, respectively. There was no difference in survival between the groups of patients who received 6 or 8 cycles of CT. Survival was not higher for patients in CR after CT when RT was added. For those in PR after CT, additional RT raised the frequencies of CR. A selected group of pathologically staged patients was successfully treated with a short course (2 cycles) of CT + RT. In univariate analyses survival was affected by age, stage IVB, bone-marrow involvement, B-symptoms, S-LDH, S-Alb and reaching CR or not after 2, 4 and 6 cycles of CT. In a multivariate analysis, age and reaching CR after 6 cycles of CT remained statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: The lack of difference in survival between the groups of patients who received 6 versus 8 cycles of CT indicates a successful selection of patients for the shorter treatment. Reaching a rapid CR significantly affected outcome. Whether some patients need less CT than the generally recommended 8 courses can properly only be evaluated in a randomised study. Additional RT may play a role in successful outcome, particularly if residual tumours are present, but its precise role can also only be defined in prospectively randomised studies. Reaching CR after CT was the most important variable affecting survival besides age.
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| 8. |
- Anhede, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
-
Film - Min plats i biosfären! Om forskning i Unesco Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle : Film - My Place in the Biosphere - Results from research in a Swedish Bioshere Reserve
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Film producerad av Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle i samarbete med Göteborgs universitet, Högskolan i Gävle och Vänermuseet.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Min plats i biosfären är en skrift och en vandringsutställning som visar forskningsresultat om vilken roll kulturmiljön och de kulturella ekosystemtjänsterna kulturarv och platsidentitet har för människors välbefinnande och för hållbar landskapsförvaltning inom Unesco Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle. Innehållet baseras på forskningsprojektet Kulturmiljö och kulturarv som en del av hållbar landskapsförvaltning utfört av forskare vid Göteborgs universitet och Högskolan i Gävle. Utställningen visas på de här platserna i biosfärområdet år 2020: * Juni - Stenhusbacken, Lidköping * Juli - Bäcken, Ekudden, Mariestad * Augusti - Kalkstensbrottet, Götene. Ladda ner skriften här: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/62574 Mer info: https://www.vanerkulle.se #Minplatsibiosfären
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| 9. |
- Anselm, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Bannlys alla politiska beslut som ger mer klimatutsläpp
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Torftig valdebatt. Dagspolitiken klarar inte att hantera ödesfrågan om klimatet, vilket oroar oss. Vi föreslår därför ett ”utsläppsmoratorium”: inga beslut får tas som ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser. Principen måste kopplas till mål om exempelvis förnybar energi och grön infrastruktur, skriver 23 forskare och debattörer.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Arvidsson, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Vägen framåt
- 2013
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Ingår i: Att välja rättvist. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. ; , s. 207-214
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som vi visat har utvecklingen av metoder och strukturer för öppna prioriteringar i Sverige kommit långt. Många frågor återstår likväl. Under vårt arbete med denna bok har vi identifierat ett antal förbättringsområden och utmaningar som vi avslutningsvis vill lyfta fram. Det rör sig om vilka som ska delta i prioriteringarna, tydliggörande av värdegrunden, behov av bättre kunskap, baserad på både vetenskaplig metod och erfarenhet, och fortsatt utveckling av prioriteringsprocesser på olika nivåer och i olika sammanhang. Även om vi i Sverige skulle nå en god enighet kring principer och kriterier för prioriteringar så kommer vi alltid finna många olika sätt att praktiskt lösa specifika prioriteringsproblem.
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| 13. |
- Beckmann, Cecilia, 1964-
(författare)
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Diversification and strategic, long-distance partnerships : Bofors' struggle through times of crisis and uncertainty
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a case study that aims to explain how the company Bofors in Karlskoga, Sweden, struggled through three periods of crisis or uncertainty, while remaining innovative. It begins in the late 19th century and ends in the early 21st century after Bofors had been divested. The investigation takes a constructivist approach and focuses on the experiences of individuals. The data consists of archived letters, interviews and secondary sources. The concept of diversification is applied to explain how Bofors, originally an ironworks acquired new technologies and skills over the years, which were combined in a number of ways, resulting in an innovative local knowledge infrastructure. This development took place while the company sought to adapt to a changing institutional environment – societal norms, rules and practices – following two world wars, disarmament and deindustrialisation. The results also show that, during each of the three periods, Bofors was dependent on long-distance partnerships with external actors to gain new knowledge or financial resources, or both. Different dimensions of proximity are applied, revealing that cognitive proximity was most important for the success of the partnerships. Partners collaborating on innovations had to share a knowledge base. And, preferably, partners’ knowledge should be complementary. But if no proximities were high during the early phase of a partnership, if partners were too far apart from cognitive, geographical, social, institutional and organisational perspectives, then geographical proximity was crucial for increasing the other proximities. To meet face-to-face was necessary in order to learn from each other and to bridge gaps in the relationship caused by partners not knowing each other and belonging to different organisations and cultures with different languages and traditions.
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| 14. |
- Bejerot, Eva, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Akutmottagningarnas konstanta kaos : styrning, det oförutsedda och motstånd
- 2015
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts FALF 2015 Conference 10.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under många år har det funnits ett brett missnöje med långa väntetider på akutmottagningarna på svenska sjukhus. Media har skrivit mycket om detta område, politiker och huvudmän har introducerat en rad interven-tioner och myndigheter har inspekterat, mätt och jämfört för att stimulera ”best practice”. Men resultatet av allt detta är negativt – väntetiderna på akutmottagningarna har ökat under senare år! Vad kan detta bero på? Kan orsaken vara att styrformerna varit felaktigt utformade, att det under perioden skett andra förändringar vars effekter beslutsfattarna inte förutsåg, eller kan det vara läkargruppens motstånd till effektiviserande åtgärder som ligger bakom uteblivna förbättringar? I denna studie beskrivs dels de politiska initiativ och interventioner som gjorts på nationell nivå för att komma tillrätta med väntetiderna under 2010-talet, dels utfallet av dessa insatser så som de uppfattas av läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar. I analysen intresserar vi oss särskilt för läkarnas inflytande och eventuella motstånd till förändringar.Initialt gjordes intervjuer med 14 läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar på fyra sjukhus. De tillhör både den nya specialiteten akutvårdsläkare och andra specialiteter som är “gästdoktorer” på akuten. Intervjuerna gjor-des för att få kunskap inför en enkätundersökning, och har för detta arbete analyserats tematiskt med fokus på styrning, förändringar och dilemman i arbetet. Efter analysen av intervjuerna och identifiering av de styrfor-mer som respondenterna tog upp, studerades de rapporter och beslut som låg bakom dessa styrformer. Vilken kunskap baserades de på? Vilka hade inflytande på utformningen av förändringarna? Hur har styrningen anpassats över tid i relation till de svårigheter som akutmottagningarna har att klar av att möta målen?Den styrning som de intervjuade läkarna tar upp som kontraproduktiv är relaterad till överorganisatoriska direktiv och mål som är kopplade till prestationsmätningar av olika slag. Ett par exempel: För akutmottag-ningarna finns landstingsspecifika mål att i stort sett alla patienter på akuten ska vara färdigbehandlade inom fyra timmar. Det är ett mål som ständigt fallerar, som medför negativa ekonomiska konsekvenser för kliniken, men framför allt ger en känsla av misslyckande. På vissa enheter har styrningen lett till att man organiserat om arbetet för att förbättra mätresultaten – inte vården. Andra förändringar handlar om ett nationellt föränd-ringsprogram för att med stöd av lean effektivisera arbetssättet, det vill säga hur arbetsuppgifterna organiseras på mottagningarna. Även här beskriver respondenterna problem avseende arbetmiljö och vårdkvalitet.Analysen indikerar att styrformerna utmanar den professionella identiteten och skapar nya dilemman. Men det finns i praktiken inga möjligheter för läkarna att göra motstånd; man kan föra fram synpunkter, men de beaktas inte, man kan på individnivå strunta i något delmoment, men det är i det lilla. Resultaten diskuteras i termer av makt och motstånd. I förlängningen bör denna studie utvidgas med intervjuer av chefer och besluts-fattare.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bejerot, Eva, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Control on Drift : National and Local Intervention in Clinical Work at Emergency Departments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Professions & Professionalism. - : Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus. - 1893-1049. ; 7:2, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Swedish emergency departments, various initiatives have been introduced in order to reduce long waiting times for patients: lean methods, targets for waiting times related to revenues, interprofessional teams, and different forms of triage systems. This study focuses on the physicians’ views on dilemmas related to these interventions. The study is based on the interviews with 14 physicians in four emergency departments. The interviews have been analysed thematically and presented in the form of brief narratives. The study follows changes from clinical practice to the national policy level. The changes appear to be ineffective or counterproductive—waiting times are rather getting longer, but the measures have a number of other effects. Decisions are taken at a central level and are carried out by means of rules, incentives, and projects and end in the medical profession being displaced from the central position they have held in the working processes of health care.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Blomstrand, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in amino acid concentration in plasma and type I and type II fibres during resistance exercise and recovery in human subjects.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Amino Acids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-4451 .- 1438-2199. ; 37:4, s. 629-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight male subjects performed leg press exercise, 4 x 10 repetitions at 80% of their maximum. Venous blood samples were taken before, during exercise and repeatedly during 2 h of recovery. From four subjects, biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle prior to, immediately after and following one and 2 h of recovery. Samples were freeze-dried, individual muscle fibres were dissected out and identified as type I or type II. Resistance exercise led to pronounced reductions in the glutamate concentration in both type I (32%) and type II fibres (70%). Alanine concentration was elevated 60-75% in both fibre types and 29% in plasma. Glutamine concentration remained unchanged after exercise; although 2 h later the concentrations in both types of fibres were reduced 30-35%. Two hours after exercise, the plasma levels of glutamate and six of the essential amino acids, including the branched-chain amino acids were reduced 5-30%. The data suggest that glutamate acts as an important intermediate in muscle energy metabolism during resistance exercise, especially in type II fibres.
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| 19. |
- Blomstrand, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of reduced muscle temperature on metabolism in type I and type II human muscle fibres during intensive exercise.
- 1987
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 131:4, s. 569-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six male subjects performed intensive cycle exercise to exhaustion after cooling their legs in water at 10-12 degrees C (muscle temperature (Tm) 28 +/- 2.6 degrees C, mean +/- SD). Exercise at exactly the same rate and duration (370 +/- 34 W, 1.5 +/- 0.2 min) was then repeated by each subject 2-5 weeks later at normal Tm (35 +/- 1.0 degrees C). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle at rest and after exercise. The muscle tissue was freeze-dried and fragments of single fibres were dissected out. The fibres were classified and pooled into groups of type I and type II. Analyses of glycogen, glucose 6-phosphate, lactate and phosphagens were performed on pools of type-identified fibres. After exercise at reduced Tm, all subjects had higher concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate and lactate in both type I and type II fibres, and in most subjects the concentrations of ATP and phosphocreatine were lower as compared with the findings after exercise at normal Tm. During exercise the glycogen content of both fibre types decreased to a greater extent at reduced than at normal Tm in most subjects. The results suggest that during intensive dynamic exercise at reduced Tm there is a higher degree of glycolysis from glycogen in the muscle than in the normal situation. In some subjects the cause of fatigue may be related to a more rapid accumulation of lactate in the cold muscle, while in others fatigue may be related to alternative factors, e.g. low levels of ATP and phosphocreatine.
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| 20. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Nu krävs satsning på forskning för ett hållbart arbetsliv
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - 1104-7488.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Debatt: Vi vill att forskningsråden skapar tvärvetenskapliga regionala forskningscentrum för arbetslivsforskning, som är internationellt konkurrenskraftiga och ger nationellt och regionalt kunskapsstöd. Dessa centrum ska ge kunskaper för både befintliga och framtida utmaningar. Stora vinster kan fås om forskning om folkhälsa och yttre miljö samordnas i centrumen. Arbetslivet är grunden för hälsa, välstånd och ett välfungerande samhälle. För att säkra att framtidens arbetsliv bidrar till hälsa och välstånd behövs både kunskap om hur det ska utformas och en uthållig infrastruktur för forskning. Tyvärr saknas detta. Gammal kunskap faller i glömska.
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| 21. |
- Borgfeldt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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High tumor tissue concentration of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with good prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 107:4, s. 658-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- volved in tumor growth and metastasis. We assayed the components of the uPA system in homogenates of 64 primary epithelial ovarian tumors and 5 metastases and evaluated the association of these parameters to prognosis in the 51 malignant cases. The levels of uPA, PAI-2 and the uPA: PAI-I complex increased with progressive loss of histological differentiation (P-trend <0.001, <0.05 and <0.001). The level of PAI-I was higher in poorly than in well/moderately differentiated tumors (p = 0.03). The content of uPAR was lower in benign tumors as compared to borderline malignancies (p = 0.002), invasive primary tumors (p < 0.001), and metastases (p = 0.002). Surprisingly, the level of uPAR was lower in poorly differentiated as compared to both borderline (p = 0.01) and well differentiated malignant tumors (p = 0.005). Also, the level of uPAR was lower in advanced as compared to early stages of the disease (P-trend = 0.002). The median follow-up time for patients was 5.8 years. High tumor tissue levels of uPAR were associated with longer postoperative survival (HR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.8, p = 0.01). In contrast, shorter survival was evident in patients with high tumor levels of uPA from 2 years on after operation (HR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.2-17, p = 0.02). High tPA levels tended to be associated with shorter overall survival after 2 years (HR = 2.9, 95% 95% Cl = 0.9-9.8, p = 0.08). Although high tumor tissue content of uPAR was associated with a less aggressive phenotype characterized by well differentiated histology and longer survival, low content of uPAR in the poorly differentiated tumors and metastases presumably results from increased elimination of uPAR. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 22. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for Transformative Learning for Sustainable Development : A Theoretical Review and Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.
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| 23. |
- Carling, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Familial hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria caused by a novel mutation in the cytoplasmic tail of the calcium receptor
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 85:5, s. 2042-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Familial hyperparathyroidism (HPT), characterized by hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, and familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) are the most common causes of hereditary hypercalcemia. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) regulates PTH secretion and renal calcium excretion. Heterozygous inactivating mutations of the gene cause FHH, whereas CaR gene mutations have not been demonstrated in HPT. In a kindred with 20 affected individuals, the hypercalcemic disorder segregated with inappropriately higher serum PTH and magnesium levels and urinary calcium levels than in unaffected members. Subtotal parathyroidectomy revealed parathyroid gland hyperplasia/adenoma and corrected the biochemical signs of the disorder in seven of nine individuals. Linkage analysis mapped the condition to markers flanking the CaR gene on chromosome 3q. Sequence analysis revealed a mutation changing phenylalanine to leucine at codon 881 of the CaR gene, representing the first identified point mutation located within the cytoplasmic tail of the CaR. A construct of the mutant receptor (F881L) was expressed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293), and demonstrated a right-shifted dose-response relationship between the extracellular and intracellular calcium concentrations. The hypercalcemic disorder of the present family is caused by an inactivating point mutation in the cytoplasmic tail of the CaR and displays clinical characteristics atypical of FHH and primary HPT.
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| 24. |
- Carlsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
A Ham1p-Dependent Mechanism and Modulation of the Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Pathway can both Confer Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Yeast
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10, s. e52094-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug and pyrimidine analogue. A problem in 5-FU therapy is acquired resistance to the drug. To find out more about the mechanisms of resistance, we screened a plasmid library in yeast for genes that confer 5-FU resistance when overexpressed. We cloned five genes: CPA1, CPA2, HMS1, YAE1 and YJL055W. CPA1 and CPA2 encode a carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis and HMS1 a helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Our results suggest that CPA1, CPA2, and HMS1 confer 5-FU resistance by stimulating pyrimidine biosynthesis. Thus, they are unable to confer 5-FU resistance in a ura2 mutant, and inhibit the uptake and incorporation into RNA of both uracil and 5-FU. In contrast, YAE1 and YJL055W confer 5-FU resistance in a ura2 mutant, and selectively inhibit incorporation into RNA of 5-FU but not uracil. YAE1 is the strongest resistance gene, but it partially depends on YJL055W for its function. This suggests that YAE1 and YJL055W function together in a novel mechanism for detoxification of 5-FU and other pyrimidine analogs. Yae1p belongs to a small protein family with only two members, which are conserved in all eukaryotes examined. One of the human homologs, TAOS1, is overexpressed in oral carcinomas.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
A (d)evolution of the cyberwoman?
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Organization. - 1350-5084. ; 15:5, s. 665-683
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we examine Donna Haraway's idea of a liberating potential of cyborgization in the light of popular culture products related to organized work. We consider two different takes on this issue: women as technology and technology as women, and we start with the successive versions of Stepford Wives (the novel, the 1975 movie and the 2004 movie), and continue by tracing the evolution of the character of a cyberwoman, from William Gibson's Neuromancer (1984) and Idoru (1996), to Trinity from the Matrix trilogy. We show that cyborgization does not automatically denote liberalization, and suggest that the much greater popularity of the Matrix films compared to the intellectual projects of William Gibson means that stereotypes and strong plots survive, finding ever new forms of expression. We end the paper by pointing out the relevance of popular culture models for work in contemporary homes and other workplaces.
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| 27. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Kvinnor som teknik eller Stepford wives då och nu
- 2005
-
Ingår i: I: Mellström, Ulf (ed.) Kunskapens vägar och forskningens praktik. - Lund : Arkiv Förlag. - 9179241964 ; , s. 55-70
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Organisering kring hot och risk
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur hanteras blödarfeberviruset Marburg, hur förbereder man sig för ett eventuellt utbrott av fågelinfluensan, hur kalkylerar man hälsorisker i Europa och Sverige och hur hanterar man risk i samband med äventyrsturism? Vad har stormen Gudrun lärt oss om att hantera akuta situationer och hur skapar katastrofer som Tjörnbron handlingsföreträde i form av särskilda förutsättningar för organisering? Detta är några exempel på studier inkluderade i Organisering kring hot och risk. Boken tittar även närmare på hur man hanterar effekter av datorkriser, hur konst och vad betraktaren bedömer som hot kan bidra till skapande av handlingsnät samt hur tv-serien Kommissionen belyser det svenska beredningsarbetet. Författarna visar att karaktären av organisering kring hot och risk är beroende av tidpunkten: innan, under eller efter en katastrof eller en hotfull händelse. Beredningsarbetet består av resursmobilisering, att skissa planer, att bygga upp strukturer samt bygga eller mobilisera nätverk. När katastrofen väl inträffar visar det sig dock att även de bästa planer inte alltid fungerar som man vill och responsen på de faktiska händelserna består av improvisation samt av att bygga handlingskedjor och handlingsnät. Det finns inget recept på hur man skall organisera kring hot och risk men boken har identifierat ett återkommande problem: varje misslyckande verkar leda till slutsatsen att det behövs mer av planer och strukturer. Författarna hävdar motsatsen. Bokens budskap är att istället för att skapa oändliga planer och strukturer skall man öva lämpliga skickligheter och improvisationsförmåga. Boken vänder sig till studerande inom organisationsteori respektive riskhantering på universitet och högskola samt yrkesverksamma inom krisberedskap och riskhantering.
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| 29. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
The (d)evolution of the cyberwoman?
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this text, we examine Donna Haraway's idea of a liberating potential of cyborgization first in the subsequent versions of Stepford Wives (the novel, the 1975 movie, and the 2004 movie), and second in the evolution of the character of a cyberwoman, from the book, Do androids dream electric sheep? (1977), through its film version, Blade Runner (1983), to William Gibson's Neuromancer (1984) and Idoru (1996), ending with Trinity from Matrix trilogy. We show that cyborgization does not automatically denote liberalization; and suggest that the much greater popularity of Matrix films compared to the intellectual projects of William Gibson show that stereotypes and strong plots survive, finding ever new forms of expression. We end the paper pointing out the relevance of popular culture models for work in contemporary homes and other workplaces.
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| 30. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
The Web Woman: Female Personal Assistats and Business on the Web
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Paper presented at the conference of Göteborg Network for Interdisciplinary Studies of Science and Technology (GNISST), May 30, 2001..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of many interesting applications of information technology is "business on the net" and, within this trend, the appearance of females who are to assist customers in their operations, giving advice and delivering information. These creatures raise a host of interesting questions about identity, alterity, humanity and femininity. Who/what do they represent: companies that produced them? Their designers? Society's dreams, open and forbidden ones? While we cannot aspire to provide final answers to these questions, we try to formulate the questions in this paper and frame them in contexts that seem promising.
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| 31. |
- Dahlbom, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
Vandringsutställning - Min plats i biosfären
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Vandringsutställning producerad av Vänermuseet i samarbete med Göteborgs universitet, Högskolan i Gävle och Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under sommaren 2020 vandrar Vänermuseets utställning Min plats i biosfären runt i biosfärområdet Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle. Utställningen kommer stå på tre omtyckta platser och lyfta forskning om vilka favoritplatser människan har och vad de platserna betyder för människan. Hur påverkar dessa platser människan och hur kan människan påverka dem? Ett forskarlag vid Göteborgs universitet och Högskolan i Gävle har undersökt vilka attityder och tankar boende i biosfärområdet har kring sina favoritplatser, kulturmiljö och hållbar utveckling. Forskningen har finansierats av Riksantikvarieämbetet och spridningen av forskningsresultaten finansieras av Formas. En favoritplats blir viktig att bevara och utställningen lyfter fram hur biosfärområdets kommuner jobbar med detta. Utställningens besökare kommer inte bara kunna ta del av vilka platser andra gillar, de kommer själva kunna dela med sig om vilka platser de tycker är viktiga att skydda och ha kvar. Utställningen Min plats i biosfären kommer visas vid Stenhusbacken i Fröslunda i Lidköpings kommun under juni, vid Bäcken vid Ekudden i Mariestad under juli och avslutningsvis i Stora stenbrottet på Kinnekille i Götene kommun under augusti månad. I utställningen får besökarna även möjlighet att se alla platser under olika årstider genom filmklipp, ta del av biosfärområdet och dela med sig om hur de tycker det ska förvaltas och utvecklas på ett hållbart sätt!
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| 32. |
- Drotz, M.K., et al.
(författare)
-
Lake Vänern: A historical outline
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management. - : Michigan State University Press. - 1463-4988 .- 1539-4077. ; 17:4, s. 323-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2014, Copyright © AEHMS. Although Lake Vänern is the largest freshwater reservoir in Western Europe, it remains relatively unknown to the scientific community outside of Scandinavia. Therefore, we aim to give a brief outline of the lake and its geological history, in particular the landscape transformation, resource utilization, pollution history, and environmental development of the region. The landscape around Lake Vänern was shaped into its present form during the latest glaciations some 10,000years ago. Large variation exists in its tributaries, with forest in the north and agricultural areas in the south. Human influence on the landscape was relatively small until the mid-18th century. Later, in the mid-19th century, the agriculture, forestry and shipping industries underwent large transformations as the towns around the lake grew and the economy changed. Development of fishing equipment, processes and changes in catching methods industrialized the fishing industry after mid-20th century. In the 1960s the lake was considered to be one of the most heavily mercury-polluted lakes in the world. After the passing of the first national environmental protection law in Sweden the lake turned into a success story: It has been declared to be healthy. However, old pollution still affects the fishing industry. With this new focus on the environment, the scientific community started to be interested in the lake. The lake has also played a very important role as the largest hydropower reservoir in Sweden. Here, too, the environmental question is in focus and the effects of the water regulation are still under debate. The result has been loss of biodiversity and an increased risk of an inflow of invasive species from international shipping. However, still many questions remain to be answered regarding the lake and effect of ongoing climate change on the sustainable development of the lake region.
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| 33. |
- Edin, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic diversity and occurrence of the F129L substitutions among isolates of Alternaria solani in south-eastern Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Hereditas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-0661 .- 1601-5223. ; 153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early blight, caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, occurs on potato mainly in the south-eastern part of Sweden, but also in other parts of the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of A. solani populations from different potato growing regions in south-eastern Sweden using AFLP marker analysis. In addition, the cultured isolates were examined for substitutions in the gene encoding cytochrome b, associated with loss of sensitivity against QoI fungicides.Results: Nei's gene diversity index for the Swedish populations of A. solani revealed a gene diversity of up to 0.20. Also genetic differentiation was observed among populations of A. solani from different locations in south-eastern Sweden. The mitochondrial genotype of the isolates of A. solani was determined and both known genotypes, GI (genotype 1) and GII (genotype 2), were found among the isolates. The occurrence of the F129L substitution associated with a loss of sensitivity to strobilurins was confirmed among the GII isolates. In vitro conidial germination tests verified that isolates containing the F129L substitution had reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin and, at a lower extent, to pyraclostrobin.Conclusions: Genetic diversity was relatively high among isolates of A. solani in south-eastern part of Sweden. F129L substitutions, leading to reduced sensitivity to strobilurins, have been established in field populations, which may have implications for the future efficacy of QoI fungicides.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ekström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Nanometer-thick films of titanium oxide acting as electrolyte in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 52:12, s. 4239-4245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 0–18 nm-thick titanium, zirconium and tantalum oxide films are thermally evaporated on Nafion 117 membranes, and used as thin spacer electrolyte layers between the Nafion and a 3 nm Pt catalyst film. Electrochemical characterisation of the films in terms of oxygen reduction activity, high frequency impedance and cyclic voltammetry in nitrogen is performed in a fuel cell at 80 ◦C and full humidification. Titanium oxide films with thicknesses up to 18 nm are shown to conduct protons, whereas zirconium oxide and tantalum oxide block proton transport already at a thickness of 1.5 nm. The performance for oxygen reduction is higher for a bi-layered film of 3 nm platinum on 1.5 or 18 nm titanium oxide, than for a pure 3 nm platinum film with no spacer layer. The improvement in oxygen reduction performance is ascribed to a higher active surface area of platinum, i.e. no beneficial effect of combining platinum with zirconium, tantalum or titanium oxides on the intrinsic oxygen reduction activityis seen. The results suggest that TiO2 may be used as electrolyte in fuel cell electrodes, and that low-temperature proton exchange fuel cells could be possible using TiO2 as electrolyte.
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| 37. |
- Elander, Ingemar, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
-
Faith-based engagement and place : Searching for a Swedish muslim identity
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recently published study of the political psychology of globalisation and Muslims in the West, the authors identify three ideal type strategies of identity formation among Muslim immigrants: retreatism, essentialism, and engagement. The authors themselves normatively argue in favour of the latter, suggesting that both majority and minority communities in society should strive to become “postnationalist, self-dialogical, and engaged in dialogue with a range of others. Activist, assertive, and agonistic rather than antagonistic”. They conclude that “Muslims are positioned to contribute toward new cosmopolitical potentialities for a renewed pluralistic global order” (Kinnvall and Nesbitt-Larking 2010). Starting with the notion that emotional geography “commonly concerns itself with the emotions that people feel for one another and, more extensively for places, for landscapes, for objects in landscapes and in specific situations” (Pile 2010: 15), we want to explore how Muslim immigrants arriving in Sweden emotionally and in action identify with and take part in social life at their place of arrival, i.e. their housing estate, their town/city and in their new country more generally. Focus will be on a few selected people, and a civic association, who openly refer to their Muslim identities as a faith-based driver in order to help their fellow immigrants to adapt to and identify themselves as members of their new habitat. Methodologically we will draw upon narratives told by Muslim immigrants, a recently established association of Muslim adult education, media articles, and observations done by ourselves. We will also, briefly, draw the attention to the “counter-emotional” islamophobian stance against Muslim immigrants in general as displayed in Swedish society. In conclusion we will reflect upon and critically discuss the challenges and potentialities of an emotionally engaged Muslim standpoint in front of a rather ignorant, partly even negative domestic population.
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| 38. |
- Elander, Ingemar, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
-
From policy community to issue networks : Implementing social sustainability in a Swedish urban development programme
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environment and Planning C. - : Sage Publications. - 2399-6544 .- 2399-6552. ; 37:6, s. 1082-1101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article a “sustainable urban development” programme in Sweden (Delegation for Sustainable Cities, 2008–2012) is analysed, with a particular focus on the social dimension, and in the light of a commonly held assumption of a general shift in politics over time “from government to governance”. However, on closer examination the programme comes out as something quite different. Taking “policy community” as our conceptual point of departure the article first portrays how post-war housing policy in Sweden was implemented jointly by a potent central government, strong local governments, public housing companies and major interest organisations. The Delegation for Sustainable Cities, on the other hand, was launched as “a national arena for sustainable urban development” with a multifaceted mission, including the production and dissemination of knowledge through best practice; the promotion of multi-actor dialogue and coordination; and the use and export of green technology. Implementation of the programme was delegated to a small number of projects in selected housing districts. In relation to the narrative “from government to governance”, the Delegation for Sustainable Cities rather indicates the opposite, i.e. government steering by a combination of structural non-intervention, rhetorical flair and selective fragmentation into project-bound issue networks. The sustainability discourse thus turned out to be a perfect umbrella for the fragmented implementation structure of the Delegation for Sustainable Cities programme. Instead of a tight, multi-level, national governance structure (policy community) we thus have a case of governing at some distance by a combination of what in recent literature have been labelled the Regulatory State and the Networked Polity.
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| 39. |
- Elander, Ingemar, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
-
Kommunen - klimataktör med stor potential
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Sverige i nytt klimat - våtvarm utmaning. - Stockholm : Formas. - 9789154060405 ; , s. 389-400
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Elander, Ingemar, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish muslims and secular society : faith-based engagement and place
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-6410 .- 1469-9311. ; 26:2, s. 145-163
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article sets out to explore how Muslims in Sweden identify with and create social life in the place where they live, that is, in their neighbourhood, in their town/city and in Swedish society at large. In a paradoxical religious landscape that includes a strong Lutheran state church heritage and a Christian free-church tradition, in what is, nevertheless, a very secular society, Muslims may choose different strategies to express their faith, here roughly described as “retreatist,” “engaged” or “essentialist/antagonistic.” Focusing on a non-antagonistic, engaged stance, and drawing upon a combination of authors' interviews, and materials published in newspapers and on the Internet, we first bring to the fore arguments by Muslim leaders in favour of creating a Muslim identity with a Swedish brand, and second give some examples of local Muslim individuals, acting as everyday makers in their neighbourhood, town or city. Third, we also give attention to an aggressively negative Islamophobic stance expressed both in words and in physical violence in parts of Swedish society. In conclusion, we reflect upon the challenges and potentialities of an emotionally engaged, dialogue-orientated Muslim position facing antagonistic interpretations of Islam, and an ignorant, sometimes Islamophobic, environment.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Eliasson, Ingegärd, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Cultural Values of Landscapes in the Practical Work of Biosphere Reserves
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 12:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the landscape’s cultural values in the practical work of biosphere reserves and to identify what opportunities there are to increase awareness and knowledge about these values. The paper draws upon data collected in a Swedish biosphere reserve, including a survey of residents, interviews with public officials involved in cultural heritage management, and an analysis of documents produced by the Biosphere Reserve Association. Residents showed a broad knowledge about the landscape’s cultural values, and they linked immaterial heritage to material objects. The residents’ strong identity and pride in relation to the landscape were confirmed by the officials, who argued that it is the deep layers of history and the cultural diversity of the landscape that make the biosphere reserve attractive. However, concepts related to the landscape’s cultural values were barely touched upon in the documents analysed; the landscape’s cultural values were presented as a background—as an abstract value. The findings reveal several unexplored opportunities and practical implications to increase awareness and knowledge of the landscape’s cultural values. Suggested actions include definition of goals, articulation and use of concepts, inventories of actors, increased collaboration, and use of residents’ knowledge. Cultural values of landscapes are often neglected in the practical work of biosphere reserves, despite the social and cultural dimensions of sustainable development being an important component of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. This research indicates several ways of bridging this gap between theory and practice
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| 44. |
- Eliasson, Ingegärd, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
The Need to Articulate Historic and Cultural Dimensions of Landscapes in Sustainable Environmental Planning - A Swedish Case Study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI. - 2073-445X. ; 11:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ignoring the historic and cultural dimensions of landscapes makes environmental planning unsustainable, which in the long run, will have a negative impact on both the environment and society. This paper examines the work and perceptions of practitioners with a focus on the role of historic and cultural landscape dimensions and their relation to the recent implementation of the ecosystem service framework in sustainable environmental planning. Semi-structured interviews with officials at local and regional planning levels in a Swedish case study showed that the historical landscape forms the basis for environmental work. Respondents expressed an integrated view of the landscape, and historic and cultural landscape dimensions were considered important in the initial planning process. However, several challenges existed later in the planning process and final decision-making, such as conceptual ambiguities, unclear policy and assignments, limited cross-sectorial coordination and lack of awareness, knowledge, resources and other priorities. The results also show that the respondents worked regularly with intangible landscape dimensions, which can be defined as cultural ecosystem services, but they do not label them as such. Furthermore, established knowledge and expertise of heritage planning was not activated in the implementation of the ecosystem service approach. We conclude that historic and cultural landscape dimensions are not ignored in practice, but there is a need to articulate these aspects more clearly in order to achieve sustainable environmental planning. There is also an unexplored opportunity to connect skills and create new forms of cross-sectorial collaboration between heritage planning and the ES approach.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Essén-Gustavsson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of exercise on concentrations of free amino acids in pools of type I and type II fibres in human muscle with reduced glycogen stores.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 174:3, s. 275-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A few animal studies have shown that some amino acid concentrations vary between different muscle fibre types. In the present study, amino acid concentrations were measured in separate pools of different fibre types in human skeletal muscle, with reduced glycogen stores, before and after sustained exercise. Five subjects exercised at a submaximal work rate for 60 min and then at a maximal rate for 20 min. Biopsy samples were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after exercise; they were freeze-dried and individual fibres were dissected out. Fragments of these fibres were stained for myosin-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and identified as type I or type II fibres. The concentrations of free amino acids were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in perchloric acid (PCA) extracts containing pools of either type of fibre. After exercise, glycogen was decreased in type I fibres (53%) and in four subjects also in type II fibres. The concentrations of most amino acids were similar in the two fibre types before exercise, but the glutamate, aspartate and arginine levels were 10% higher in type II than in type I fibres. After exercise, the glutamate concentration was decreased by 45% in both fibre types and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were decreased in type II fibres (14%). Exercise caused an increase by 25-30% in tyrosine concentration in both type I and type II fibres. The results show that amino acids can be measured in pools of fibre fragments and suggest that amino acid metabolism play an important role in both type I and type II fibres during exercise.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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