| 1. |
- Alves, Gustavo R., et al.
(författare)
-
International Cooperation for Remote Laboratory Use
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Contributions to Higher Engineering Education. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811089176 ; , s. 1-31
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimenting is fundamental to the training process of all scientists and engineers. While experiments have been traditionally done inside laboratories, the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies added two alternatives accessible anytime, anywhere. These two alternatives are known as virtual and remote laboratories and are sometimes indistinguishably referred as online laboratories. Similarly to other instructional technologies, virtual and remote laboratories require some effort from teachers in integrating them into curricula, taking into consideration several factors that affect their adoption (i.e., cost) and their educational effectiveness (i.e., benefit). This chapter analyzes these two dimensions and sustains the case where only through international cooperation it is possible to serve the large number of teachers and students involved in engineering education. It presents an example in the area of electrical and electronics engineering, based on a remote laboratory named Virtual Instruments System in Reality, and it then describes how a number of European and Latin American institutions have been cooperating under the scope of an Erasmus+ project, for spreading its use in Brazil and Argentina.
|
|
| 2. |
- Fidalgo, André, et al.
(författare)
-
Using remote labs to serve different teacher's needs : A case study with VISIR and RemotElectLab
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote Laboratories are an emergent technological and pedagogical tool at all education levels, and their widespread use is an important part of their own improvement and evolution. This paper describes several issues encountered on laboratorial classes, on higher education courses, when using remote laboratories based on PXI systems, either using the VISIR system or an alternate in-house solution. Three main issues are presented and explained, all reported by teachers that gave support to students use of remote laboratories. The first issue deals with the need to allow students to select the actual place where an ammeter is to be inserted on electric circuits, even incorrectly, therefore emulating real world difficulties. The second one deals with problems with timing when several measurements are required at short intervals, as in the discharge cycle of a capacitor. And the last issue deals with the use of a multimeter in DC mode when reading AC values, a use that collides with the lab settings. All scenarios are presented and discussed including the solution found for each case. The conclusion derived from the described work is that the remote laboratories area is an expanding field, where practical use leads to improvement and evolution of the available solutions, requiring a strict cooperation and information sharing between all actors, i.e. developers, teachers and students.
|
|
| 3. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
|
|
| 4. |
- Marques, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
How Remote Labs Impact on Courses Outcomes : Various Practices Using VISIR
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Education. - : IEEE. - 0018-9359. ; 57:3, s. 151-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As technology is increasingly being seen as a facilitator to learning, open remote laboratories are increasingly available and in widespread use around the world. They provide some advantages over traditional hands-on labs or simulations. This paper presents the results of integrating the open remote laboratory VISIR into several courses, in various contexts and using various methodologies. These integrations, all related to higher education engineering, were designed by teachers with different perspectives to achieve a range of learning outcomes. The degree to which these VISIR-related outcomes were accomplished is discussed. The results reflect the levels of student engagement and learning and of teacher involvement. From the analysis, a connection between these two aspects was traced, although only related to the user profiles. VISIR is shown to be always of benefit for more motivated students, but this benefit can be maximized under particular conditions and characteristics.
|
|
| 5. |
- Rewers, Marian, et al.
(författare)
-
The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1150, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown, but a growing body of evidence points to infectious agents and/or components of early childhood diet. The National Institutes of Health has established the TEDDY Study consortium of six clinical centers in the United States and Europe and a data coordinating center to identify environmental factors predisposing to, or protective against, islet autoimmunity and T1D. From 2004-2009, TEDDY will screen more than 360,000 newborns from both the general population and families already affected by T1D to identify an estimated 17,804 children with high-risk HLA-DR,DQ genotypes. Of those, 7,801 (788 first-degree relatives and 7,013 newborns with no family history of T1D) will be enrolled in prospective follow-up beginning before the age of 4.5 months. As of May 2008, TEDDY has screened more than 250,000 newborns and enrolled nearly 5,000 infants--approximately 70% of the final cohort. Participants are seen every 3 months up to 4 years of age, with subsequent visits every 6 months until the subject is 15 years of age. Blood samples are collected at each visit for detection of candidate infectious agents and nutritional biomarkers; monthly stool samples are collected for infectious agents. These samples are saved in a central repository. Primary endpoints include (1) appearance of one or more islet autoantibodies (to insulin, GAD65 or IA-2) confirmed at two consecutive visits; (2) development of T1D. By age 15, an estimated 800 children will develop islet autoimmunity and 400 will progress to T1D; 67 and 27 children have already reached these endpoints.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Alexandersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Whole gene family expression and drought stress regulation of aquaporins
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Plant Molecular Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-5028 .- 0167-4412. ; 59:3, s. 469-484
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since many aquaporins (AQPs) act as water channels, they are thought to play an important role in plant water relations. It is therefore of interest to study the expression patterns of AQP isoforms in order to further elucidate their involvement in plant water transport. We have monitored the expression patterns of all 35 Arabidopsis AQPs in leaves, roots and flowers by cDNA microarrays, specially designed for AQPs, and by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (Q-RT-PCR). This showed that many AQPs are pre-dominantly expressed in either root or flower organs, whereas no AQP isoform seem to be leaf specific. Looking at the AQP subfamilies, most plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and some tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) have a high level of expression, while NOD26-like proteins (NIPs) are present at a much lower level. In addition, we show that PIP transcripts are generally down-regulated upon gradual drought stress in leaves, with the exception of AtPIP1;4 and AtPIP2;5, which are up-regulated. AtPIP2;6 and AtSIP1;1 are constitutively expressed and not significantly affected by the drought stress. The transcriptional down-regulation of PIP genes upon drought stress could also be observed on the protein level.
|
|
| 8. |
- Dale, Virginia H., et al.
(författare)
-
Status and prospects for renewable energy using wood pellets from the southeastern United States
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 9:8, s. 1296-1305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing debate about costs and benefits of wood-pellet based bioenergy production in the southeastern United States (SE USA) requires an understanding of the science and context influencing market decisions associated with its sustainability. Production of pellets has garnered much attention as US exports have grown from negligible amounts in the early 2000s to 4.6 million metric tonnes in 2015. Currently, 98% of these pellet exports are shipped to Europe to displace coal in power plants. We ask, 'How is the production of wood pellets in the SE USA affecting forest systems and the ecosystem services they provide?' To address this question, we review current forest conditions and the status of the wood products industry, how pellet production affects ecosystem services and biodiversity, and what methods are in place to monitor changes and protect vulnerable systems. Scientific studies provide evidence that wood pellets in the SE USA are a fraction of total forestry operations and can be produced while maintaining or improving forest ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are protected by the requirement to utilize loggers trained to apply scientifically based best management practices in planning and implementing harvest for the export market. Bioenergy markets supplement incomes to private rural landholders and provide an incentive for forest management practices that simultaneously benefit water quality and wildlife and reduce risk of fire and insect outbreaks. Bioenergy also increases the value of forest land to landowners, thereby decreasing likelihood of conversion to nonforest uses. Monitoring and evaluation are essential to verify that regulations and good practices are achieving goals and to enable timely responses if problems arise. Conducting rigorous research to understand how conditions change in response to management choices requires baseline data, monitoring, and appropriate reference scenarios. Long-term monitoring data on forest conditions should be publicly accessible and utilized to inform adaptive management.
|
|
| 9. |
- Godoy, Patricio, et al.
(författare)
-
Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 87:8, s. 1315-1530
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4 alpha, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4 alpha), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Min plats i biosfären
- 2019
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “Min plats i biosfären” är en skrift som presenterar forskningsresultat om vilken roll kulturmiljön och de kulturella ekosystemtjänsterna kulturarv och platsidentitet har för människors välbefinnande och för hållbar landskapsförvaltning inom Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle. Resultaten i skriften baseras på forskningsprojektet “Kulturmiljö och kulturarv som en del av hållbar landskapsförvaltning” och har genomförts av forskare vid Göteborgs universitet och Högskolan i Gävle.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hemmingsson, Eva-Stina, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of pain and pharmacological pain and treatment among old people in nursing homes in 2007 and 2013
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 74:4, s. 483-488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Many elderly people living in nursing homes experience pain and take analgesic medication. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of pain and pharmacological pain treatment among people living in nursing homes in Sweden, in two large, comparable, samples from 2007 to 2013.Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were performed in 2007 and 2013, including all residents in nursing homes in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. A total of 4933 residents (2814 and 2119 respectively) with a mean age of 84.6 and 85.0 years participated. Of these, 71.1 and 72.4% respectively were cognitively impaired. The survey was completed by the staff members who knew the residents best.Results: The prescription of opioids became significantly more common while the use of tramadol decreased significantly. The staff reported that 63.4% in 2007 and 62.3% in 2013 had experienced pain. Of those in pain, 20.2% in 2007 and 16.8% in 2013 received no treatment and 73.4 and 75.0% respectively of those with pain, but no pharmacological treatment, were incorrectly described by the staff as being treated for pain.Conclusions: There has been a change in the pharmacological analgesic treatment between 2007 and 2013 with less prescribing of tramadol and a greater proportion taking opioids. Nevertheless, undertreatment of pain still occurs and in many cases, staff members believed that the residents were prescribed analgesic treatment when this was not the case.
|
|
| 12. |
- Lima, Natercia, et al.
(författare)
-
Do students really understand the difference between simulation and remote labs?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450353861
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory experiments play a crucial role in engineering education as they strongly contribute to the development of important skills for the professional practice. This paper addresses a students' understanding gap between simulations and remote labs. These two resources (and namely the remote laboratory VISIR - Virtual Instrument Systems in Reality) have been commonly used on several didactical implementations, along with other didactical resources in different Engineering degrees at the Federal University of Santa Catarina and Polytechnic of Porto School of Engineering. This work, developed in the scope of the VISIR+ Project, intends to evaluate students' perceptions considering simulation and remote lab results. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed to better understand how deeply students realize the differences between these resources and their type of data. Preliminary results indicate that a considerable number of student's don't have a clear idea of these differences, even though sometimes they know their definition. Furthermore, this gap does not seem to differ much with the context (country, course, academic year, course content), students' final grades, teacher approach or implemented tasks. © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.
|
|
| 13. |
- Lindstrand, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
From cytogenetics to cytogenomics : whole-genome sequencing as a first-line test comprehensively captures the diverse spectrum of disease-causing genetic variation underlying intellectual disability
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : BMC. - 1756-994X. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSince different types of genetic variants, from single nucleotide variants (SNVs) to large chromosomal rearrangements, underlie intellectual disability, we evaluated the use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) rather than chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) as a first-line genetic diagnostic test.MethodsWe analyzed three cohorts with short-read WGS: (i) a retrospective cohort with validated copy number variants (CNVs) (cohort 1, n=68), (ii) individuals referred for monogenic multi-gene panels (cohort 2, n=156), and (iii) 100 prospective, consecutive cases referred to our center for CMA (cohort 3). Bioinformatic tools developed include FindSV, SVDB, Rhocall, Rhoviz, and vcf2cytosure.ResultsFirst, we validated our structural variant (SV)-calling pipeline on cohort 1, consisting of three trisomies and 79 deletions and duplications with a median size of 850kb (min 500bp, max 155Mb). All variants were detected. Second, we utilized the same pipeline in cohort 2 and analyzed with monogenic WGS panels, increasing the diagnostic yield to 8%. Next, cohort 3 was analyzed by both CMA and WGS. The WGS data was processed for large (>10kb) SVs genome-wide and for exonic SVs and SNVs in a panel of 887 genes linked to intellectual disability as well as genes matched to patient-specific Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) phenotypes. This yielded a total of 25 pathogenic variants (SNVs or SVs), of which 12 were detected by CMA as well. We also applied short tandem repeat (STR) expansion detection and discovered one pathologic expansion in ATXN7. Finally, a case of Prader-Willi syndrome with uniparental disomy (UPD) was validated in the WGS data.Important positional information was obtained in all cohorts. Remarkably, 7% of the analyzed cases harbored complex structural variants, as exemplified by a ring chromosome and two duplications found to be an insertional translocation and part of a cryptic unbalanced translocation, respectively.ConclusionThe overall diagnostic rate of 27% was more than doubled compared to clinical microarray (12%). Using WGS, we detected a wide range of SVs with high accuracy. Since the WGS data also allowed for analysis of SNVs, UPD, and STRs, it represents a powerful comprehensive genetic test in a clinical diagnostic laboratory setting.
|
|
| 14. |
- Lindstrand, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome sequencing is a sensitive first-line test to diagnose individuals with intellectual disability
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Genetics in Medicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 24:11, s. 2296-2307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and/or neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) are currently investigated with several different approaches in clinical genetic diagnostics. Methods: We compared the results from 3 diagnostic pipelines in patients with ID/NDD: genome sequencing (GS) first (N = 100), GS as a secondary test (N = 129), or chromosomal microarray (CMA) with or without FMR1 analysis (N = 421). Results: The diagnostic yield was 35% (GS -first), 26% (GS as a secondary test), and 11% (CMA/FMR1). Notably, the age of diagnosis was delayed by 1 year when GS was performed as a secondary test and the cost per diagnosed individual was 36% lower with GS first than with CMA/FMR1. Furthermore, 91% of those with a negative result after CMA/FMR1 analysis (338 individuals) have not yet been referred for additional genetic testing and remain undiagnosed. Conclusion: Our findings strongly suggest that genome analysis outperforms other testing strategies and should replace traditional CMA and FMR1 analysis as a first-line genetic test in individuals with ID/NDD. GS is a sensitive, time-and cost-effective method that results in a confirmed molecular diagnosis in 35% of all referred patients. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
|
|
| 15. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Amyloid-β metabolism in Niemann-Pick C disease models and patients.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Metabolic brain disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7365 .- 0885-7490. ; 27:4, s. 573-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal disease with altered cellular lipid trafficking. The metabolism of amyloid-β (Aβ) - previously mainly studied in Alzheimer's disease - has been suggested to be altered in NPC. Here we aimed to perform a detailed characterization of metabolic products from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in NPC models and patients. We used multiple analytical technologies, including immunoassays and immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) to characterize Aβ peptides and soluble APP fragments (sAPP-α/β) in cell media from pharmacologically (U18666A) and genetically (NPC1 ( -/- ) ) induced NPC cell models, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from NPC cats and human patients. The pattern of Aβ peptides and sAPP-α/β fragments in cell media was differently affected by NPC-phenotype induced by U18666A treatment and by NPC1 ( -/- ) genotype. U18666A treatment increased the secreted media levels of sAPP-α, AβX-40 and AβX-42 and reduced the levels of sAPP-β, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, while IP-MS showed increased relative levels of Aβ5-38 and Aβ5-40 in response to treatment. NPC1 ( -/- ) cells had reduced media levels of sAPP-α and Aβ1-16, and increased levels of sAPP-β. NPC cats had altered CSF distribution of Aβ peptides compared with normal cats. Cats treated with the potential disease-modifying compound 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin had increased relative levels of short Aβ peptides including Aβ1-16 compared with untreated cats. NPC patients receiving β-cyclodextrin had reduced levels over time of CSF Aβ1-42, AβX-38, AβX-40, AβX-42 and sAPP-β, as well as reduced levels of the axonal damage markers tau and phosphorylated tau. We conclude that NPC models have altered Aβ metabolism, but with differences across experimental systems, suggesting that NPC1-loss of function, such as in NPC1 ( -/- ) cells, or NPC1-dysfunction, seen in NPC patients and cats as well as in U18666A-treated cells, may cause subtle but different effects on APP degradation pathways. The preliminary findings from NPC cats suggest that treatment with cyclodextrin may have an impact on APP processing pathways. CSF Aβ, sAPP and tau biomarkers were dynamically altered over time in human NPC patients.
|
|
| 16. |
- Raghavan, Sai Sundar Rajan, et al.
(författare)
-
Cryo-EM reveals the conformational epitope of human monoclonal antibody PAM1.4 broadly reacting with polymorphic malarial protein VAR2CSA
- 2022
-
Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 18:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malaria during pregnancy is a major global health problem caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Severe effects arise from the accumulation of infected erythrocytes in the placenta. Here, erythrocytes infected by late blood-stage parasites adhere to placental chondroitin sulphate A (CS) via VAR2CSA-type P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) adhesion proteins. Immunity to placental malaria is acquired through exposure and mediated through antibodies to VAR2CSA. Through evolution, the VAR2CSA proteins have diversified in sequence to escape immune recognition but retained their overall macromolecular structure to maintain CS binding affinity. This structural conservation may also have allowed development of broadly reactive antibodies to VAR2CSA in immune women. Here we show the negative stain and cryo-EM structure of the only known broadly reactive human monoclonal antibody, PAM1.4, in complex with VAR2CSA. The data shows how PAM1.4’s broad VAR2CSA reactivity is achieved through interactions with multiple conserved residues of different sub-domains forming conformational epitope distant from the CS binding site on the VAR2CSA core structure. Thus, while PAM1.4 may represent a class of antibodies mediating placental malaria immunity by inducing phagocytosis or NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, it is likely that broadly CS binding-inhibitory antibodies target other epitopes at the CS binding site. Insights on both types of broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies may aid the development of a vaccine against placental malaria.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Semb, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
-
A Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 1. Planning and management.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 2-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for the closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate, and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. This paper is an introduction to three randomised trials of primary surgery for children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). It presents the protocol developed for the trials in CONSORT format, and describes the management structure that was developed to achieve the long-term engagement and commitment required to complete the project.METHOD: Ten established national or regional cleft centres participated. Lip and soft palate closure at 3-4 months, and hard palate closure at 12 months served as a common method in each trial. Trial 1 compared this with hard palate closure at 36 months. Trial 2 compared it with lip closure at 3-4 months and hard and soft palate closure at 12 months. Trial 3 compared it with lip and hard palate closure at 3-4 months and soft palate closure at 12 months. The primary outcomes were speech and dentofacial development, with a series of perioperative and longer-term secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment of 448 infants took place over a 9-year period, with 99.8% subsequent retention at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The series of reports that follow this introductory paper include comparisons at age 5 of surgical outcomes, speech outcomes, measures of dentofacial development and appearance, and parental satisfaction. The outcomes recorded and the numbers analysed for each outcome and time point are described in the series.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Yngman-Uhlin, Pia, et al.
(författare)
-
Circling around in tiredness : perspectives of patients on peritoneal dialysis
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nephrology Nursing Journal. - : Journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association. - 1526-744X .- 2163-5390. ; 37:4, s. 407-413
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experience of tiredness linked to poor sleep in patients on peritoneal dialysis was explored using the qualitative method phenomenology. Eight women and six men in southeast Sweden were interviewed. The patients' descriptions were characterized by a circular structure "circling around in tiredness." This study illustrates the problems of tiredness and illuminates the need for healthcare professionals to assess the impact of tiredness and highlight the need for strategies to improve the patient's situation.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Agemark, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Reconstitution of water channel function and 2D-crystallization of human aquaporin 8.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002 .- 0005-2736. ; 1818:3, s. 839-850
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the thirteen human aquaporins (AQP0-12), the primary structure of AQP8 is unique. By sequence alignment it is evident that mammalian AQP8s form a separate subfamily distinct from the other mammalian aquaporins. The constriction region of the pore determining the solute specificity deviates in AQP8 making it permeable to both ammonia and H(2)O(2) in addition to water. To better understand the selectivity and gating mechanism of aquaporins, high-resolution structures are necessary. So far, the structure of one human aquaporin (HsAQP5) has been solved at atomic resolution. For mammalian aquaporins in general, high-resolution structures are only available for those belonging to the water-specific subfamily (including HsAQP5). Thus, it is of interest to solve structures of other aquaporin subfamily members with different solute specificities. To achieve this the aquaporins need to be overexpressed heterologously and purified. Here we use the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as a host for the overexpression. A wide screen of different detergents and detergent-lipid combinations resulted in the solubilization of functional human AQP8 protein and in well-ordered 2D crystals. It also became evident that removal of amino acids constituting affinity tags was crucial to achieve highly ordered 2D crystals diffracting to 3Å.
|
|
| 23. |
- Ahlbom, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational magnetic field exposure and myocardial infarction incidence.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 15:4, s. 403-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies on healthy volunteers have seen reduced heart rate variability after exposure to extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF). Because reduced heart rate variability has been linked to cardiovascular disease risk, it has been hypothesized that exposure to EMF might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. One epidemiologic study has shown increased mortality from cardiovascular conditions in utility workers with elevated exposure to magnetic fields, but several other epidemiologic studies have failed to confirm this result. We tested the hypothesis that occupational EMF exposure increases the risk of myocardial infarction in a large population-based case-control study of myocardial infarction, with detailed information on potential confounders. METHODS: We used data from the SHEEP study, which is a population-based case-control study of acute myocardial infarction in Stockholm. Occupational EMF exposure was based on job titles 1, 5, and 10 years before diagnosis. We used 2 approaches to classify exposure: first, specific individual job titles with presumed elevated EMF exposure, and second, classification of subjects according to a job-exposure matrix. RESULTS: We found no increased risk of myocardial infarction in subjects classified as having elevated EMF exposure. For the highest exposure category of > or = 0.3 microT according to the job-exposure matrix, the adjusted relative risk was = 0.57 (95% confidence interval = 0.36-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that occupational EMF exposure increases the risk of myocardial infarction.
|
|
| 24. |
- Albin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
0253 Hairdressers are occupationally exposed to ortho- and meta- toluidine
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 71 Suppl 1, s. 32-33
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hairdressing work is classified as carcinogenic based on excess risk for bladder cancer. We aimed at evaluating if current hairdressers are exposed to established/suspected bladder carcinogens (aromatic amines) and indicate possible sources of exposure.
|
|
| 25. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiovascular Disease-Related Serum Proteins in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 171:1, s. 235-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chimney sweeps have higher incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD), likely related to their exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In order to identify underlying mechanisms of PAH-related CVD, we here investigated whether PAH exposure was associated with levels of putative CVD-related proteins in serum among currently working chimney sweeps. We enrolled 116 chimney sweeps and 125 unexposed controls, all nonsmoking male workers from Sweden. We measured monohydroxylated PAH metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and a panel of 85 proteins in serum using proximity extension assay. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index showed that 25 proteins were differentially expressed between chimney sweeps and the controls (p <. 05, adjusted for false discovery rate). Of the 25 proteins, follistatin (FS), prointerleukin-16 (IL-16), and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP 27) showed positive associations with the monohydroxylated metabolites of PAH in a dose-response manner (p <. 05). Pathway and gene ontology analyses demonstrated that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in inflammatory response and immunological functions, such as leukocyte migration, cell movement of leukocytes, and adhesion of immune cells. In conclusion, we found a number of putative CVD-related proteins differentially expressed, between PAH-exposed and unexposed individuals, and mainly involved in inflammation and immune function. Our data warrant protective measures to reduce PAH exposure and longitudinal investigations of the protein profile in chimney sweeps and other occupational groups exposed to PAH.
|
|
| 26. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA-methylation of the cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR is associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 39:7, s. 869-878
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known carcinogens and workplace PAH exposure may increase the risk of cancer. Monitoring early cancer-related changes can indicate whether the exposure is carcinogenic. Here, we enrolled 151 chimney sweeps, 152 controls, and 19 creosote-exposed male workers from Sweden. We measured urinary PAH metabolites using LC/MS/MS, the cancer-related markers telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) using qPCR, and DNA methylation of lung cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR using pyrosequencing. The median 1-hydroxypyrene (PAH metabolite) concentrations were highest in creosote-exposed workers (8.0 μg/g creatinine) followed by chimney sweeps (0.34 μg/g creatinine) and controls (0.05 μg/g creatinine). TL and mtDNAcn did not differ between study groups. Chimney sweeps and creosote-exposed workers had significantly lower methylation of AHRR CpG site cg05575921 (88.1% and 84.9%, respectively) than controls (90%). Creosote-exposed workers (73.3%), but not chimney sweeps (76.6%) had lower methylation of F2RL3 cg03636183 than controls (76.7%). Linear regression analyses showed that chimney sweeps had lower AHRR cg05575921 methylation (B=-2.04; P<0.057, adjusted for smoking and age) and lower average AHRR methylation (B=-2.05; P<0.035), and non-smoking chimney sweeps had lower average F2RL3 methylation (B=-0.81; P<0.042, adjusted for age) compared with controls. These cancer-related markers were not associated with urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites. In conclusion, although we found no associations with PAH metabolites in urine (short-term exposure), our results suggest dose-response relationship between PAH exposure and DNA hypomethylation of lung cancer-related loci. These findings indicate that further protective measures should be taken to reduce PAH exposure.
|
|
| 27. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
-
Early markers of cardiovascular disease are associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupational exposure to soot, rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, our knowledge about PAH exposure and early markers of CVD remains limited. In this cross-sectional study of 151 chimney sweeps and 152 controls, we investigated occupational exposure to PAH and early markers of CVD. Blood pressure (BP) (chimney sweeps only), urinary PAH metabolites and serum biomarkers were measured (C-reactive protein, homocysteine, gamma-glutamyltransferase, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides). Chimney sweeps had up to 7 times higher concentrations of PAH metabolites in urine than controls (P < 0.001): Median concentrations (adjusted for specific gravity) for 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]anthracene were 0.56 μg/L, 0.78 μg/L, 4.75 ng/L, and 6.28 ng/L, respectively. Compared with controls, chimney sweeps had increased homocysteine, cholesterol, and HDL (β = 3.4 μmol/L, 0.43 mmol/L, and 0.13 mmol/L, respectively, P ≤ 0.003, adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking). In chimney sweeps, PAH metabolites correlated positively with the percentage of soot sweeping (P < 0.001). 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]anthracene were positively associated with diastolic BP (P < 0.044, adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking). PAH exposure among chimney sweeps resulted in elevated levels of markers for CVD risk. These findings stress the need to reduce occupational exposure to PAH.
|
|
| 28. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
-
Fluorene exposure among PAH-exposed workers is associated with epigenetic markers related to lung cancer
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 77:7, s. 488-495
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Exposure to high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may cause cancer in chimney sweeps and creosote-exposed workers, however, knowledge about exposure to low-molecular-weight PAHs in relation to cancer risk is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate occupational exposure to the low-molecular-weight PAHs phenanthrene and fluorene in relation to different cancer biomarkers. Methods We recruited 151 chimney sweeps, 19 creosote-exposed workers and 152 unexposed workers (controls), all men. We measured monohydroxylated metabolites of phenanthrene and fluorene in urine using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We measured, in peripheral blood, the cancer biomarkers telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number using quantitative PCR; and DNA methylation ofF2RL3andAHRRusing pyrosequencing. Results Median PAH metabolite concentrations were higher among chimney sweeps (up to 3 times) and creosote-exposed workers (up to 353 times), compared with controls (p<0.001; adjusted for age and smoking). n-ary sumation OH-fluorene (sum of 2-hydroxyfluorene and 3-hydroxyfluorene) showed inverse associations with percentage DNA methylation ofF2RL3andAHRRin chimney sweeps (B (95% CI)=-2.7 (-3.9 to -1.5) forF2RL3_cg03636183, and -7.1 (-9.6 to -4.7) forAHRR_cg05575921: adjusted for age and smoking), but not in creosote-exposed workers. In addition, n-ary sumation OH-fluorene showed a 42% mediation effect on the inverse association between being a chimney sweep and DNA methylation ofAHRRCpG2. Conclusions Chimney sweeps and creosote-exposed workers were occupationally exposed to low-molecular-weight PAHs. Increasing fluorene exposure, among chimney sweeps, was associated with lower DNA methylation ofF2RL3andAHRR, markers for increased lung cancer risk. These findings warrant further investigation of fluorene exposure and toxicity.
|
|
| 29. |
- Almroth, Melody, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Labour market exit routes in high- and low-educated older workers before and after social insurance and retirement policy reforms in Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few previous studies have investigated how socioeconomic differences in labour market exit have changed after restrictions in social insurance policies. The aim of this register-based study is to investigate how early labour market exit pathways among older men and women with different levels of education changed after major restrictive social insurance and retirement policy reforms in Sweden. Cohort 1 (pre-reform) consisted of individuals who were 60 or 61 years old in 2005 (N = 186,145) and Cohort 2 (post-reform) consisted of individuals who were 60 or 61 years old in 2012 (N = 176,216). Educational differences in four labour market exit pathways were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression; the exit pathways were disability pension, early old-age pension with and without income respectively, and no income for two consecutive years. As expected, exits through disability pension were rarer in Cohort 2. Lower education was also more strongly associated with disability pension in Cohort 2. Parallel to this, lower education showed a stronger association with both early old-age pension types in Cohort 2. Additionally, a tendency towards a relatively higher likelihood of earning no income was seen among the less educated. Increases in inequalities tended to be greater for women. Our results indicate that educational inequalities in labour market exit have grown significantly after restrictions in social insurance and changes in retirement policies, which can have negative financial repercussions for those already in a vulnerable position. These results indicate that careful analyses of effects on disparities are needed before making major changes in welfare systems.
|
|
| 30. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Projektledning
- 2013
-
Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
|
|
| 31. |
- Andler, Sten F., et al.
(författare)
-
SMARTracIn : a concept for spoof resistant tracking of vessels and detection of adverse intentions
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense VIII. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819475718 ; , s. 73050G-1-73050G-9
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of maritime surveillance systems is to detect threats earlyenough to take appropriate actions. We present the results ofa study on maritime domain awareness performed during the fallof 2008. We analyze an identified capability gap of worldwidesurveillance in the maritime domain, and report from a userworkshop addressing the identified gap. We describe a SMARTracIn conceptsystem that integrates information from surveillance systems with background knowledgeon normal conditions to help users detect and visualize anomaliesin vessel traffic. Land-based systems that cover the coastal watersas well as airborne, space-borne and ships covering open seaare considered. Sensor data are combined with intelligence information fromship reporting systems and databases. We describe how information fusion,anomaly detection and semantic technology can be used to helpusers achieve more detailed maritime domain awareness. Human operators area vital part of this system and should be activecomponents in the fusion process. We focus on the problemof detecting anomalous behavior in ocean-going traffic, and a roomand door segmentation concept to achieve this. This requires theability to identify vessels that enter into areas covered bysensors as well as the use of information management systemsthat allow us to quickly find all relevant information.
|
|
| 32. |
- Andrén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
The occurrence of noncoagulating milk and the association of bovine milk coagulation properties with genetic variants of the caseins in 3 Scandinavian dairy breeds
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 96:8, s. 4830-4842
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substantial variation in milk coagulation properties has been observed among dairy cows. Consequently, raw milk from individual cows and breeds exhibits distinct coagulation capacities that potentially affect the technological properties and milk processing into cheese. This variation is largely influenced by protein composition, which is in turn affected by underlying genetic polymorphisms in the major milk proteins. In this study, we conducted a large screening on 3 major Scandinavian breeds to resolve the variation in milk coagulation traits and the frequency of milk with impaired coagulation properties (noncoagulation). In total, individual coagulation properties were measured on morning milk collected from 1,299 Danish Holstein (DH), Danish Jersey (DJ), and Swedish Red (SR) cows. The 3 breeds demonstrated notable interbreed differences in coagulation properties, with DJ cows exhibiting superior coagulation compared with the other 2 breeds. In addition, milk samples from 2% of DH and 16% of SR cows were classified as noncoagulating. Furthermore, the cows were genotyped for major genetic variants in the alpha(S1)- (CSN1S1), beta- (CSN2), and kappa-casein (CSN3) genes, revealing distinct differences in variant frequencies among breeds. Allele I of CSN2, which had not formerly been screened in such a high number of cows in these Scandinavian breeds, showed a frequency around 7% in DH and DJ, but was not detected in SR. Genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with curd firming rate and rennet coagulation time. Thus, CSN1S1 C, CSN2 B, and CSN3 B positively affected milk coagulation, whereas CSN2 A(2), in particular, had a negative effect. In addition to the influence of individual casein genes, the effects of CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN3 composite genotypes were also examined, and revealed strong associations in all breeds, which more or less reflected the single gene results. Overall, milk coagulation is under the influence of additive genetic variation. Optimal milk for future cheese production can be ensured by monitoring the frequency of unfavorable variants and thus preventing an increase in the number of cows producing milk with impaired coagulation. Selective breeding for variants associated with superior milk coagulation can potentially increase raw milk quality and cheese yield in all 3 Scandinavian breeds.
|
|
| 33. |
- Anving, Terese, et al.
(författare)
-
Informationskompetens – generella färdigheter för fördjupat lärande
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings, Lunds universitets utvecklingskonferens 11. - 9789197797467 ; , s. 107-116
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Förmågan att effektivt utnyttja och kritiskt förhålla sig till olika informationsresurser – ”information literacy” eller informationskompetens – är en central färdighet i det moderna samhället. Det utgör också en allt viktigare del av lärandet i högre utbildning. Syftet med detta paper är tvåfaldigt: 1) att problematisera relationen mellan informationskompetens som en generell färdighet och mer specifika ämnesorienterade kunskaper och färdigheter; 2) ge exempel på och utveckla redskap för lärare att på ett ämnesmässigt integrerat sätt arbeta med, utveckla och examinera studenternas informationskompetens. Ett huvudspår i framställningen är att synliggöra hur träningen i informationskompetens kan stimulera och hjälpa studenterna till fördjupade ämneskunskaper.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Barajas, Josefin, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hälsofrämjande arbetsplats : att skapa möjligheter för lärande och hälsa
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under hösten 2002-hösten 2003 genomfördes ett interventionsprojekt vid akutkliniken, Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping. Projektet syftade till att utveckla förutsättningarna och kompetensen inom organisationen att hantera frågor som främjar hälsa. Alla medarbetare på kliniken har träffats i arbetsgrupper och under handledning arbetat enligt problembaserat lärande med frågor som berör hälsa i arbetet. Grupperna dokumenterade sitt arbete i s.k. loggböcker, samt i rapporteringar från två heldagar då alla medarbetare samlades. Ett strategiskt urval av medarbetarna har intervjuats vid interventionens början, samt efter avslutad interventionstid. Personalen har även följts med landstingets personalenkät och sjukfrånvarostatistik. Interventionsprojektet har lett fram till en mängd förbättringsförslag och genomförda åtgärder på alla nivåer i organisationen, såsom t.ex. ökad medicinsk-teknisk kompetens, förbättrat socialt klimat, ökad regelbundenhet i personalutvecklingssamtal, ökade förutsättningar för patientflödet i verksamheten och utveckling av strategier för att hantera långtidssjukskrivna. PB-gruppernas rangordning av prioriterade områden för hälsofrämjande utvecklingsarbete var ledarskap, organisation, kompetens, information och kommunikation, samt vårdkvalitet. Interventionen har bidragit till ett ökat erfarenhetsutbyte mellan personalen, vilket har inneburit både ett individuellt och ett kollektivt lärande. Personalen har också under interventionsprojektet ökat sin kompetens att hantera verksamhetsförändringar. Medarbetarna har utvecklat synen på hälsa, och vad som påverkar den arbetsrelaterade hälsan. Interventionsprojektet har belyst vikten av reflektion under arbetstid, samt betydelsen av delaktighet under förändringsprocesser. Resultaten visar på tre framträdande faktorer av betydelse för genomförandet och utfallet av interventionsprojektet. För det första har ledningen en väsentlig roll i utvecklingen av hälsofrämjande processer på arbetsplatsen. Ledningen behöver stötta och legitimera utvecklingsarbetet. Ett sådant hälsofrämjande ledarskap ställer krav på kompetens hos ledningen. Ledare behöver därför extra stöd och utvidgad kompetens i hälsofrämjande utvecklingsarbete. För det andra är det viktigt att organisera för lärande och kollektiv reflektion. Det kräver en medveten strategi. Det problembaserade arbetssättet under interventionsprojektet har fungerat som ett forum där medarbetarna kontinuerligt har fått utrymme att tänka i nya banor. Resultatet av en sådan organisering för lärande har givit utslag i verksamheten i form av olika åtgärder och förändringar. För det tredje har de problembaserade grupperna fungerat som en buffert i organisationen, där medarbetarna har lärt en handlings- och förändringsberedskap. De har ökat sin kompetens i att hantera inre och yttre krav på förändring, liksom att påverka sin egen organisation i riktning mot en hälsofrämjande arbetsplats.
|
|
| 36. |
- Beck-Friis, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Burden of rotavirus infection in hospitalized elderly individuals prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532. ; 119, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis (GE) in the elderly has been much less studied than in children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity and mortality for elderly hospitalized patients with rotavirus GE prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Sweden, and to investigate the epidemiology of rotavirus genotypes in these patients. Study design: All patients 60 years or older who were hospitalized at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, and were rotavirus positive in a clinical diagnostic test from 2009 to 2016, were included. Medical records were reviewed and rotavirus genotyping real-time PCR was performed. Results: One hundred and fifty-nine patients were included, corresponding to an annual incidence of hospitalization due to rotavirus GE of 16/100 000 inhabitants aged 60 years or older. G2P[4] was the most common genotype, followed by G1P[8] and G4P[8]. The majority of patients had community-onset of symptoms and no or few pre-existing health disorders. Four patients (2.5%) died within 30 days of sampling. Patients with hospital-onset rotavirus GE had a longer median length of stay following diagnosis compared with patients with community-onset of symptoms (19 vs. 5 days, p = 0.001) and higher 30-day mortality (8.6% (3/35) vs. < 1% (1/124), p = 0.03). Conclusions: Hospitalization due to rotavirus GE among the elderly seems to mainly affect otherwise healthy individuals and is associated with low 30-day mortality.
|
|
| 37. |
- Bejerot, Eva, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
-
Akutmottagningarnas konstanta kaos : styrning, det oförutsedda och motstånd
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Book of Abstracts FALF 2015 Conference 10.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under många år har det funnits ett brett missnöje med långa väntetider på akutmottagningarna på svenska sjukhus. Media har skrivit mycket om detta område, politiker och huvudmän har introducerat en rad interven-tioner och myndigheter har inspekterat, mätt och jämfört för att stimulera ”best practice”. Men resultatet av allt detta är negativt – väntetiderna på akutmottagningarna har ökat under senare år! Vad kan detta bero på? Kan orsaken vara att styrformerna varit felaktigt utformade, att det under perioden skett andra förändringar vars effekter beslutsfattarna inte förutsåg, eller kan det vara läkargruppens motstånd till effektiviserande åtgärder som ligger bakom uteblivna förbättringar? I denna studie beskrivs dels de politiska initiativ och interventioner som gjorts på nationell nivå för att komma tillrätta med väntetiderna under 2010-talet, dels utfallet av dessa insatser så som de uppfattas av läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar. I analysen intresserar vi oss särskilt för läkarnas inflytande och eventuella motstånd till förändringar.Initialt gjordes intervjuer med 14 läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar på fyra sjukhus. De tillhör både den nya specialiteten akutvårdsläkare och andra specialiteter som är “gästdoktorer” på akuten. Intervjuerna gjor-des för att få kunskap inför en enkätundersökning, och har för detta arbete analyserats tematiskt med fokus på styrning, förändringar och dilemman i arbetet. Efter analysen av intervjuerna och identifiering av de styrfor-mer som respondenterna tog upp, studerades de rapporter och beslut som låg bakom dessa styrformer. Vilken kunskap baserades de på? Vilka hade inflytande på utformningen av förändringarna? Hur har styrningen anpassats över tid i relation till de svårigheter som akutmottagningarna har att klar av att möta målen?Den styrning som de intervjuade läkarna tar upp som kontraproduktiv är relaterad till överorganisatoriska direktiv och mål som är kopplade till prestationsmätningar av olika slag. Ett par exempel: För akutmottag-ningarna finns landstingsspecifika mål att i stort sett alla patienter på akuten ska vara färdigbehandlade inom fyra timmar. Det är ett mål som ständigt fallerar, som medför negativa ekonomiska konsekvenser för kliniken, men framför allt ger en känsla av misslyckande. På vissa enheter har styrningen lett till att man organiserat om arbetet för att förbättra mätresultaten – inte vården. Andra förändringar handlar om ett nationellt föränd-ringsprogram för att med stöd av lean effektivisera arbetssättet, det vill säga hur arbetsuppgifterna organiseras på mottagningarna. Även här beskriver respondenterna problem avseende arbetmiljö och vårdkvalitet.Analysen indikerar att styrformerna utmanar den professionella identiteten och skapar nya dilemman. Men det finns i praktiken inga möjligheter för läkarna att göra motstånd; man kan föra fram synpunkter, men de beaktas inte, man kan på individnivå strunta i något delmoment, men det är i det lilla. Resultaten diskuteras i termer av makt och motstånd. I förlängningen bör denna studie utvidgas med intervjuer av chefer och besluts-fattare.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Bejerot, Eva, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational Control on Drift : National and Local Intervention in Clinical Work at Emergency Departments
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Professions & Professionalism. - : Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus. - 1893-1049. ; 7:2, s. 1-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Swedish emergency departments, various initiatives have been introduced in order to reduce long waiting times for patients: lean methods, targets for waiting times related to revenues, interprofessional teams, and different forms of triage systems. This study focuses on the physicians’ views on dilemmas related to these interventions. The study is based on the interviews with 14 physicians in four emergency departments. The interviews have been analysed thematically and presented in the form of brief narratives. The study follows changes from clinical practice to the national policy level. The changes appear to be ineffective or counterproductive—waiting times are rather getting longer, but the measures have a number of other effects. Decisions are taken at a central level and are carried out by means of rules, incentives, and projects and end in the medical profession being displaced from the central position they have held in the working processes of health care.
|
|
| 40. |
- Bendix, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Plasma oxytocin and personality traits in psychiatric outpatients
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 57, s. 102-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxytocin system is regarded as being of relevance for social interaction. In spite of this, very few studies have investigated the relationship between oxytocin and personality traits in clinical psychiatric populations. We assessed the relationship between personality traits and plasma oxytocin levels in a population of 101 medication-free psychiatric outpatients (men = 37, women = 64). We used the Karolinska Scale of Personality (KSP) and diagnostic and symptomatic testing. Plasma oxytocin levels were analysed with a specific radioimmunoassay at inclusion and after one month for testing of stability. Plasma oxytocin levels were stable over time and did not differ between patients with or without personality disorders, nor were they related to severity of depressive or anxiety symptoms. The KSP factors Impulsiveness and Negative Emotionality were significant independent predictors of plasma oxytocin. A subscale analysis of these personality factors showed significant positive correlations between baseline plasma oxytocin and the KSP subscales monotony avoidance and psychic anxiety. The significant association between the KSP factor Impulsiveness and oxytocin levels observed at baseline was observed also one month later in men. These findings suggest that personality traits such as Impulsiveness and Negative emotionality which are linked to social functioning in several psychiatric disorders seem to be associated with endogenous plasma oxytocin levels. These variations in oxytocin levels might have an impact on social sensitivity or social motivation with possible gender differences.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
New ways of organizing product introductions
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 4856-4861, s. 4856-4861
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe and reflect on an interactive research approach used to address the challenges on how to improve product introductions, the part of the product realization process associated with the transfer of a product from product development to serial production. In the interactive research approach, research results as well as improvement of practice are given equal importance. The collaboration between researchers and practitioners therefore addresses both the focus and the process of the change. The approach includes four main iterative steps: 1) mapping/diagnosis, 2) feedback of results, 3) participation in development activities, and 4) follow-up/evaluation. The paper reports findings from interactive research in one company within office product industry and one company group, consisting of three company units within the engine industry. Preliminary findings indicate that the participating companies afterwards work in a more structured way with product introductions and that the employees have gained deeper knowledge about product introductions as well as experienced the advantages of working across functional boundaries. Furthermore, the interactive research approach is suitable to run projects from an ergonomics perspective as it focuses on developing both practice and theory, it is human-centered, and it emphasizes broad participation from practitioners.
|
|
| 43. |
- Bernander, Karl B., et al.
(författare)
-
Improving the stochastic watershed
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Pattern Recognition Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8655 .- 1872-7344. ; 34:9, s. 993-1000
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stochastic watershed is an unsupervised segmentation tool recently proposed by Angulo and Jeulin. By repeated application of the seeded watershed with randomly placed markers, a probability density function for object boundaries is created. In a second step, the algorithm then generates a meaningful segmentation of the image using this probability density function. The method performs best when the image contains regions of similar size, since it tends to break up larger regions and merge smaller ones. We propose two simple modifications that greatly improve the properties of the stochastic watershed: (1) add noise to the input image at every iteration, and (2) distribute the markers using a randomly placed grid. The noise strength is a new parameter to be set, but the output of the algorithm is not very sensitive to this value. In return, the output becomes less sensitive to the two parameters of the standard algorithm. The improved algorithm does not break up larger regions, effectively making the algorithm useful for a larger class of segmentation problems.
|
|
| 44. |
- Berntsson, Oskar, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequential conformational transitions and alpha-helical supercoiling regulate a sensor histidine kinase
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensor histidine kinases are central to sensing in bacteria and in plants. They usually contain sensor, linker, and kinase modules and the structure of many of these components is known. However, it is unclear how the kinase module is structurally regulated. Here, we use nano- to millisecond time-resolved X-ray scattering to visualize the solution structural changes that occur when the light-sensitive model histidine kinase YF1 is activated by blue light. We find that the coiled coil linker and the attached histidine kinase domains undergo a left handed rotation within microseconds. In a much slower second step, the kinase domains rearrange internally. This structural mechanism presents a template for signal transduction in sensor histidine kinases.
|
|
| 45. |
- Berthomier, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Alfven : magnetosphere-ionosphere connection explorers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 33:2-3, s. 445-489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aurorae are dynamic, luminous displays that grace the night skies of Earth's high latitude regions. The solar wind emanating from the Sun is their ultimate energy source, but the chain of plasma physical processes leading to auroral displays is complex. The special conditions at the interface between the solar wind-driven magnetosphere and the ionospheric environment at the top of Earth's atmosphere play a central role. In this Auroral Acceleration Region (AAR) persistent electric fields directed along the magnetic field accelerate magnetospheric electrons to the high energies needed to excite luminosity when they hit the atmosphere. The "ideal magnetohydrodynamics" description of space plasmas which is useful in much of the magnetosphere cannot be used to understand the AAR. The AAR has been studied by a small number of single spacecraft missions which revealed an environment rich in wave-particle interactions, plasma turbulence, and nonlinear acceleration processes, acting on a variety of spatio-temporal scales. The pioneering 4-spacecraft Cluster magnetospheric research mission is now fortuitously visiting the AAR, but its particle instruments are too slow to allow resolve many of the key plasma physics phenomena. The Alfv,n concept is designed specifically to take the next step in studying the aurora, by making the crucial high-time resolution, multi-scale measurements in the AAR, needed to address the key science questions of auroral plasma physics. The new knowledge that the mission will produce will find application in studies of the Sun, the processes that accelerate the solar wind and that produce aurora on other planets.
|
|
| 46. |
- Bivall, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Conditions for collaboration between higher education and healthcare providers organising clinical placements
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2042-3896 .- 2042-390X. ; 11:4, s. 798-810
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Clinical placement is an important formalised student activity for linking healthcare education and healthcare practices. The purpose of this study is to investigate the organising of clinical placements by examining conditions for collaboration between higher education and healthcare organisations. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on interviews with central actors at a university and two healthcare organisations with official duties of organising clinical placements. Findings The findings indicate that collaboration in the organising of clinical placements is a complex matter of interconnected actors in different organisational positions, at both strategic and operative levels. The university and the healthcare organisations approached the clinical placement with a shared commitment. Practical implications The findings provide important guidance for improving collaboration in the organising of clinical placements. This may have an impact on how contextual conditions of the educational framing and daily healthcare practices are viewed and how the interdependency between the long-term strategic issues and the short-term needs of healthcare organisations is approached. Originality/value This research emphasises the need for careful consideration of the collaborative practices on an organisational level between higher education and healthcare organisations as different needs, motives and logics have to be considered.
|
|
| 47. |
- Bivall, Ann-Charlotte, Universitetslektor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Students’ interprofessional workplace learning in clinical placement
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Professions & Professionalism. - : OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University. - 1893-1049. ; 11:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Students’ learning in the workplace during their clinical placements is an important part of their education to become healthcare professionals. Despite the number of studies of student interprofessional learning in clinical placements, little is still known about the significance of interprofessional learning and how it is facilitated and arranged for to occur. This article aims to investigate interprofessional learning between students collaborating in a workplace-driven arrangement integrated into a clinical placement. A focused ethnographic research approach was applied, comprising observations of ten students participating in the arrangement organised by clinical supervisors on a medical emergency ward at a Swedish university hospital, followed by group interviews. Using a boundary-crossing lens, the article analyses the workplace arrangement, in which students’ learning across professional boundaries and their negotiations around a boundary object were prerequisites to coordinate their interprofessional knowledge and manage emerging challenges while being in charge of care on the ward.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Björklund, Erika, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Review of educational research on ‘health work’ in Swedish Ph.D.-theses during 2005-2014
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Social Justice, Equality and Solidarity in Education?.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we examine how health work is manifested in Swedish educational PhD-theses. We define ‘health work’ here broadly, encompassing for instance the work of all kinds of health professionals (such as health educators/promoters, public health workers, nurses, chiropractors, personal trainers, etc), health work through health related reporting in various media (e.g. magazines, web-sites, blogs, etc), and also the health work individuals perform on and for themselves (e.g. lifestyle-oriented activities). Intrinsic to these types of health work are both immanent and more direct processes of education, whereby it becomes a field of interest to educational researchers, and education research into this field of health work in turn becomes of use to health workers/practitioners.Therefore it is interesting to examine how this field of ‘health work’ is perceived and framed in the perspective of Swedish education research and what questions education research have been asking in this field. The aim of this paper is to explore how health work figures in Swedish education research. What aspects of health work are education researchers in Sweden interested in? What questions are being asked? And hence, how can education research in the field of health work support health workers/practitioners in their work?In order to answer these questions, we have looked at all of the Swedish doctoral theses in education published during the years of 2005-2014. During this period, there were 666 theses published, of which 108 were selected in the first selection, and of these, 74 were selected in the third selection. With a broad operationalization of ‘health’ and ‘health work’, the 74 theses were then further analyzed to determine how health figured in the theses and to answer the rest of the research questions. Here, a distinction was made between theses that had an explicit focus on health work in their research questions and those that did not. The analysis further consisted of categorizing the theses depending on how central or marginal issues of health work were in the studies and on whether health work was an implicit or explicit aspect of the study. The analysis was also concerned with finding common themes or issues or arenas etc.The preliminary results show that very few theses in education directly relate to health work. The most common areas studied are the school subject of Physical health and education (Idrott och hälsa-ämnet), student health (elevhälsa), health care (hälso- och sjukvård), and sports (idrott). Quite a few studies are concerned with issues of professionalization and many want to understand learning processes related to various illnesses or chronic conditions that people live with, while very few studies have research questions that directly relate to practices of health promotion, i.e. issues of influencing health practices from a salutogenic (“positive health”) perspective.
|
|
| 50. |
- Björklund, Erika, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Review of educational research within the territory of health in Swedish Ph.D.-theses during 2005-2014
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to Kickbusch (2007), lately health has grown in societal significance to such a degree that we can talk about a shift to a “health society”. From a pedagogical perspective, this shift can be understood as a shift in mentality (Ödman, 1995), meaning a shift in how we think about and understand society and ourselves. In this “health society”, and perhaps with increased impact since the introduction of the notion of health promotion in the 1980s (Nutbeam 2008), health has become both a commodity and a trade (fitness market, health foods, alternative therapies, health tourism, cosmetic surgery, etc, see Kickbusch 2007). With its increased reach, and considering the importance of education to health work, one question is how health figures in education research. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore this, with Swedish Ph.D. theses as an example. It asks: What aspects of health and health society are educational researchers in Sweden interested in? How is health perceived and framed in the perspective of educational research? What questions are being asked? And hence, how can educational research within the territory of health support health workers/practitioners in their work? The empirical material is based on Swedish doctoral theses in education published during the years of 2005-2014 (n = 666). Through two selection stages, guided by a broad conceptualization of health, 74 theses were identified as health related and selected for analysis to determine how health figures in the theses with regard to the research questions. The preliminary results show that few theses in education directly relate to health. The most common areas studied are the school subject of physical health and education, student health, health care, and sports. Quite a few studies are concerned with issues of professionalization and many want to understand learning processes related to various illnesses or chronic conditions that people live with, while few studies have research questions that relate to practices of (salutogenic) health promotion or the profession of health promotion. In conclusion, health figures in educational research primarily in terms of various health related arenas as objects of study, and to a more limited extent as an object of knowledge.
|
|
