| 1. |
- Gustavsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Corrigendum to “Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010” [Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 21 (2011) 718–779]
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 22:3, s. 237-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spectrum of disorders of the brain is large, covering hundreds of disorders that are listed in either the mental or neurological disorder chapters of the established international diagnostic classification systems. These disorders have a high prevalence as well as short- and long-term impairments and disabilities. Therefore they are an emotional, financial and social burden to the patients, their families and their social network. In a 2005 landmark study, we estimated for the first time the annual cost of 12 major groups of disorders of the brain in Europe and gave a conservative estimate of €386 billion for the year 2004. This estimate was limited in scope and conservative due to the lack of sufficiently comprehensive epidemiological and/or economic data on several important diagnostic groups. We are now in a position to substantially improve and revise the 2004 estimates. In the present report we cover 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, of an increased range of age groups and more cost items. We therefore present much improved cost estimates. Our revised estimates also now include the new EU member states, and hence a population of 514 million people.
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| 2. |
- Gustavsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 21:10, s. 718-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The spectrum of disorders of the brain is large, covering hundreds of disorders that are listed in either the mental or neurological disorder chapters of the established international diagnostic classification systems. These disorders have a high prevalence as well as short- and long-term impairments and disabilities. Therefore they are an emotional, financial and social burden to the patients, their families and their social network. In a 2005 landmark study, we estimated for the first time the annual cost of 12 major groups of disorders of the brain in Europe and gave a conservative estimate of €386 billion for the year 2004. This estimate was limited in scope and conservative due to the lack of sufficiently comprehensive epidemiological and/or economic data on several important diagnostic groups. We are now in a position to substantially improve and revise the 2004 estimates. In the present report we cover 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, of an increased range of age groups and more cost items. We therefore present much improved cost estimates. Our revised estimates also now include the new EU member states, and hence a population of 514 million people.AIMS: To estimate the number of persons with defined disorders of the brain in Europe in 2010, the total cost per person related to each disease in terms of direct and indirect costs, and an estimate of the total cost per disorder and country.METHODS: The best available estimates of the prevalence and cost per person for 19 groups of disorders of the brain (covering well over 100 specific disorders) were identified via a systematic review of the published literature. Together with the twelve disorders included in 2004, the following range of mental and neurologic groups of disorders is covered: addictive disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, brain tumor, childhood and adolescent disorders (developmental disorders), dementia, eating disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation, migraine, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular disorders, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, somatoform disorders, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Epidemiologic panels were charged to complete the literature review for each disorder in order to estimate the 12-month prevalence, and health economic panels were charged to estimate best cost-estimates. A cost model was developed to combine the epidemiologic and economic data and estimate the total cost of each disorder in each of 30 European countries (EU27+Iceland, Norway and Switzerland). The cost model was populated with national statistics from Eurostat to adjust all costs to 2010 values, converting all local currencies to Euro, imputing costs for countries where no data were available, and aggregating country estimates to purchasing power parity adjusted estimates for the total cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.RESULTS: The total cost of disorders of the brain was estimated at €798 billion in 2010. Direct costs constitute the majority of costs (37% direct healthcare costs and 23% direct non-medical costs) whereas the remaining 40% were indirect costs associated with patients' production losses. On average, the estimated cost per person with a disorder of the brain in Europe ranged between €285 for headache and €30,000 for neuromuscular disorders. The European per capita cost of disorders of the brain was €1550 on average but varied by country. The cost (in billion €PPP 2010) of the disorders of the brain included in this study was as follows: addiction: €65.7; anxiety disorders: €74.4; brain tumor: €5.2; child/adolescent disorders: €21.3; dementia: €105.2; eating disorders: €0.8; epilepsy: €13.8; headache: €43.5; mental retardation: €43.3; mood disorders: €113.4; multiple sclerosis: €14.6; neuromuscular disorders: €7.7; Parkinson's disease: €13.9; personality disorders: €27.3; psychotic disorders: €93.9; sleep disorders: €35.4; somatoform disorder: €21.2; stroke: €64.1; traumatic brain injury: €33.0. It should be noted that the revised estimate of those disorders included in the previous 2004 report constituted €477 billion, by and large confirming our previous study results after considering the inflation and population increase since 2004. Further, our results were consistent with administrative data on the health care expenditure in Europe, and comparable to previous studies on the cost of specific disorders in Europe. Our estimates were lower than comparable estimates from the US.DISCUSSION: This study was based on the best currently available data in Europe and our model enabled extrapolation to countries where no data could be found. Still, the scarcity of data is an important source of uncertainty in our estimates and may imply over- or underestimations in some disorders and countries. Even though this review included many disorders, diagnoses, age groups and cost items that were omitted in 2004, there are still remaining disorders that could not be included due to limitations in the available data. We therefore consider our estimate of the total cost of the disorders of the brain in Europe to be conservative. In terms of the health economic burden outlined in this report, disorders of the brain likely constitute the number one economic challenge for European health care, now and in the future. Data presented in this report should be considered by all stakeholder groups, including policy makers, industry and patient advocacy groups, to reconsider the current science, research and public health agenda and define a coordinated plan of action of various levels to address the associated challenges.RECOMMENDATIONS: Political action is required in light of the present high cost of disorders of the brain. Funding of brain research must be increased; care for patients with brain disorders as well as teaching at medical schools and other health related educations must be quantitatively and qualitatively improved, including psychological treatments. The current move of the pharmaceutical industry away from brain related indications must be halted and reversed. Continued research into the cost of the many disorders not included in the present study is warranted. It is essential that not only the EU but also the national governments forcefully support these initiatives.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sudow, Mattias, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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SiC varactors for dynamic load modulation of high power amplifiers
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 29:7, s. 728-730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SiC Schottky diode varactors with a high breakdown voltage, a high tuning ratio, and a low series resistance have been designed and fabricated. These characteristics are particularly necessary for the dynamic load modulation of high power amplifiers (PAs), which is an attractive alternative to other efficiency enhancement techniques. For a SiC Schottky diode varactor with a 50-µm radius fabricated by using a graded doping profile, a breakdown voltage of 40 V, a tuning range of 5.6, and a series resistance of 0.9 O were achieved. The results show the great potential of this type of varactors for the use in the dynamic load modulation of high power amplifiers. © 2008 IEEE.
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| 6. |
- Aidanpää, Jan-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Developments in rotor dynamical modeling of hydropower units
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Emerging Trends in Rotor Dynamics. - Dordrecht : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9789400700192
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Al-Adili, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of prompt fission neutrons in U-235(nth,f) and fission fragment distributions for the thermal neutron induced fission of U-234
- 2016
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Ingår i: CNR*15 - 5th International Workshop On Compound-Nuclear Reactions And Related Topics. - : EDP Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the ongoing analysis of two fission experiments. Both projects are part of the collaboration between the nuclear reactions group at Uppsala and the JRC-IRMM. The first experiment deals with the prompt fission neutron multiplicity in the thermal neutron induced fission of U-235(n,f). The second, on the fission fragment properties in the thermal fission of U-234(n,f). The prompt fission neutron multiplicity has been measured at the JRC-IRMM using two liquid scintillators in coincidence with an ionization chamber. The first experimental campaign focused on U-235(nth,f) whereas a second experimental campaign is foreseen later for the same reaction at 5.5 MeV. The goal is to investigate how the so-called saw-tooth shape changes as a function of fragment mass and excitation energy. Some harsh experimental conditions were experienced due to the large radiation background. The solution to this will be discussed along with preliminary results. In addition, the analysis of thermal neutron induced fission of U-234(n,f) will be discussed. Currently analysis of data is ongoing, originally taken at the ILL reactor. The experiment is of particular interest since no measurement exist of the mass and energy distributions for this system at thermal energies. One main problem encountered during analysis was the huge background of U-235(nth, f). Despite the negligible isotopic traces in the sample, the cross section difference is enormous. Solution to this parasitic background will be highlighted.
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| 8. |
- Al-Adili, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Fission Activities of the Nuclear Reactions Group in Uppsala
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Workshop on Nuclear Fission Dynamics and the Emission of Prompt Neutrons and Gamma Rays, THEORY-3. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 145-149
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper highlights some of the main activities related to fission of the nuclear reactions group at Uppsala University. The group is involved for instance in fission yield experiments at the IGISOL facility, cross-section measurements at the NFS facility, as well as fission dynamics studies at the IRMM JRC-EC. Moreover, work is ongoing on the Total Monte Carlo (TMC) methodology and on including the GEF fission code into the TALYS nuclear reaction code. Selected results from these projects are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Al-Adili, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Ion counting efficiencies at the IGISOL facility
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the IGISOL-JYFLTRAP facility, fission mass yields can be studied at high precision. Fission fragments from a U target are passing through a Ni foil and entering a gas filled chamber. The collected fragments are guided through a mass separator to a Penning trap where their masses are identified. This simulation work focuses on how different fission fragment properties (mass, charge and energy) affect the stopping efficiency in the gas cell. In addition, different experimental parameters are varied (e. g. U and Ni thickness and He gas pressure) to study their impact on the stopping efficiency. The simulations were performed using the Geant4 package and the SRIM code. The main results suggest a small variation in the stopping efficiency as a function of mass, charge and kinetic energy. It is predicted that heavy fragments are stopped about 9% less efficiently than the light fragments. However it was found that the properties of the U, Ni and the He gas influences this behavior. Hence it could be possible to optimize the efficiency.
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| 10. |
- Al-Adili, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron-multiplicity experiments for enhanced fission modelling
- 2017
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Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 9782759890200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclear de-excitation process of fission fragments (FF) provides fundamental information for the understanding of nuclear fission and nuclear structure in neutron-rich isotopes. The variation of the prompt-neutron multiplicity, ν(A), as a function of the incident neutron energy (En) is one of many open questions. It leads to significantly different treatments in various fission models and implies that experimental data are analyzed based on contradicting assumptions. One critical question is whether the additional excitation energy (Eexc) is manifested through an increase of ν(A) for all fragments or for the heavy ones only. A systematic investigation of ν(A) as a function of En has been initiated. Correlations between prompt-fission neutrons and fission fragments are obtained by using liquid scintillators in conjunction with a Frisch-grid ionization chamber. The proof-of-principle has been achieved on the reaction 235U(nth,f) at the Van De Graff (VdG) accelerator of the JRC-Geel using a fully digital data acquisition system. Neutrons from 252Cf(sf) were measured separately to quantify the neutron-scattering component due to surrounding shielding material and to determine the intrinsic detector efficiency. Prelimenary results on ν(A) and spectrum in correlation with FF properties are presented.
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| 11. |
- Al-Adili, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Simulations of the fission-product stopping efficiency in IGISOL
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 51:59, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the Jyväskylä Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line (IGISOL) facility, independent fission yields are measured employing the Penning-trap technique. Fission products are produced, e.g. by impinging protons on a uranium target, and are stopped in a gas-filled chamber. The products are collected by a flow of He gas and guided through a mass separator to a Penning trap, where their masses are identified. This work investigates how fission-product properties, such as mass and energy, affect the ion stopping efficiency in the gas cell. The study was performed using the Geant4 toolkit and the SRIM code. The main results show a nearly mass-independent ion stopping with regard to the wide spread of ion masses and energies, with a proper choice of uranium target thickness. Although small variations were observed, in the order of 5%, the results are within the systematic uncertainties of the simulations. To optimize the stopping efficiency while reducing the systematic errors, different experimental parameters were varied; for instance material thicknesses and He gas pressure. Different parameters influence the mass dependence and could alter the mass dependencies in the ion stopping efficiency.
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| 12. |
- Al-Adili, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Studying fission neutrons with 2E-2v and 2E
- 2018
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Ingår i: SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION DYNAMICS AND THE EMISSION OF PROMPT NEUTRONS AND GAMMA RAYS (THEORY-4). - : EDP Sciences. - 9782759890316
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aims at measuring prompt-fission neutrons at different excitation energies of the nucleus. Two independent techniques, the 2E-2v and the 2E techniques, are used to map the characteristics of the mass-dependent prompt fission neutron multiplicity, 7(A), when the excitation energy is increased. The VERDI 2E-2v spectrometer is being developed at JRC-GEEL. The Fission Fragment (FF) energies are measured using two arrays of 16 silicon (Si) detectors each. The FFs velocities are obtained by time-of-flight, measured between micro-channel plates (MCP) and Si detectors. With MCPs placed on both sides of the fission source, VERDI allows for independent timing measurements for both fragments. Cf-252(sf) was measured and the present results revealed particular features of the 2E-2v technique. Dedicated simulations were also performed using the GEF code to study important aspects of the 2E-2v technique. Our simulations show that prompt neutron emission has a non-negligible impact on the deduced fragment data and affects also the shape of 17(A). Geometrical constraints lead to a total-kinetic energy-dependent detection efficiency. The 2E technique utilizes an ionization chamber together with two liquid scintillator detectors. Two measurements have been performed, one of Cf-252(sf) and another one of thermal-neutron induced fission in U-235(n,f). Results from Cf-252(sf) are reported here.
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| 13. |
- Andersson Sundén, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Citizen Science and Radioactivity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics News. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-6896 .- 1061-9127 .- 1931-7336. ; 29:2, s. 25-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 14. |
- Bengtsson, Mattias, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Att tänka klass på nytt med hjälp av klassiker
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fronesis. - : Tidskriftsföreningen Fronesis. - 1404-2614. ; :40-41, s. 22-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Brännström, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Intermittent thoracic resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta improves renal function compared to 60 min continuous application after porcine class III hemorrhage
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1863-9933 .- 1863-9941. ; 49:3, s. 1303-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) may be considered for stabilization of patients with hemorrhage from below the diaphragm. Occluding the aorta is a powerful means of hemorrhagic control but is also associated with acute kidney injury, which increases mortality in trauma patients. Allowing for intermittent distal blood flow during REBOA application (iREBOA) could decrease this risk, but circulatory consequences have not been sufficiently elucidated. Therefore, we investigated circulatory effects and the renal artery blood flow (RBF) in iREBOA versus continuous, complete aortic occlusion (cREBOA).Methods In a porcine model of uncontrolled class III hemorrhage (34% estimated total blood volume, mean 1360 mL), swine (n = 12, mean weight 60.3 kg) were randomly assigned to iREBOA: 3-min full deflation every 10 min (n = 6), or cREBOA (n = 6), for 60 min of thoracic (zone I) application. The animals then underwent 60 min of reperfusion (critical care phase). Results Survival was 100% in iREBOA and 83% in cREBOA. The intermittent balloon deflation protocol was hemodynamically tolerable in 63% of reperfusion intervals. Systolic blood pressure decreased during the reperfusion intervals in iREBOA animals (mean 108 mm Hg versus 169 mm Hg; p < 0.005). No differences were detected in heart rate, cardiac output or stroke volume between methods. Troponin I increased in cREBOA after 60 min (mean 666-187 ng/L, p < 0.05). The norepinephrine requirement increased in cREBOA during reperfusion (mean infusion time 12.5-5.5 min; p < 0.05). Total ischemic time decreased in iREBOA (60.0-48.6 min; p < 0.001). RBF increased in iREBOA during balloon deflations and after 60 min reperfusion (61%-39% of baseline RBF; p < 0.05). Urine output increased in iREBOA (mean 135-17 mL; p < 0.001). Nephronal osteopontin, a marker of ischemic injury, increased in cREBOA (p < 0.05).Conclusion iREBOA was survivable, did not cause rebleeding, decreased the total ischemic time and increased the renal blood flow, urine output and decreased renal ischemic injury compared to cREBOA. Intermittent reperfusions during REBOA may be preferred to be continuous, complete occlusion in prolonged application to improve renal function.
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| 18. |
- Carlsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 108:34, s. 14252-14257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and no validated serum biomarkers currently exist. Using a recently developed recombinant antibody microarray platform containing 135 antibodies against 65 mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. This unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each patient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. The velocity for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples collected at the primary operation and then 3-6 mo later. A 21-protein signature was identified, using leave-one-out cross-validation together with a backward elimination strategy in a training cohort. This signature was tested and evaluated subsequently in an independent test cohort (prevalidation). The risk of developing distant recurrence after primary operation could be assessed for each patient, using her molecular portraits. The results from this prevalidation study showed that patients could be classified into high- versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.85. This risk assessment was not dependent on the type of adjuvant therapy received by the patients. Even more importantly, we demonstrated that this protein signature provided an added value compared with conventional clinical parameters. Consequently, we present here a candidate serum biomarker signature able to classify patients with primary breast cancer according to their risk of developing distant recurrence, with an accuracy outperforming current procedures.
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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A Ham1p-Dependent Mechanism and Modulation of the Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Pathway can both Confer Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Yeast
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10, s. e52094-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug and pyrimidine analogue. A problem in 5-FU therapy is acquired resistance to the drug. To find out more about the mechanisms of resistance, we screened a plasmid library in yeast for genes that confer 5-FU resistance when overexpressed. We cloned five genes: CPA1, CPA2, HMS1, YAE1 and YJL055W. CPA1 and CPA2 encode a carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis and HMS1 a helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Our results suggest that CPA1, CPA2, and HMS1 confer 5-FU resistance by stimulating pyrimidine biosynthesis. Thus, they are unable to confer 5-FU resistance in a ura2 mutant, and inhibit the uptake and incorporation into RNA of both uracil and 5-FU. In contrast, YAE1 and YJL055W confer 5-FU resistance in a ura2 mutant, and selectively inhibit incorporation into RNA of 5-FU but not uracil. YAE1 is the strongest resistance gene, but it partially depends on YJL055W for its function. This suggests that YAE1 and YJL055W function together in a novel mechanism for detoxification of 5-FU and other pyrimidine analogs. Yae1p belongs to a small protein family with only two members, which are conserved in all eukaryotes examined. One of the human homologs, TAOS1, is overexpressed in oral carcinomas.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Edlund, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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3rd party observer gaze as a continuous measure of dialogue flow
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2012. - Istanbul, Turkey : LREC. ; , s. 1354-1358
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an attempt at using 3rd party observer gaze to get a measure of how appropriate each segment in a dialogue is for a speaker change. The method is a step away from the current dependency of speaker turns or talkspurts towards a more general view of speaker changes. We show that 3rd party observers do indeed largely look at the same thing (the speaker), and how this can be captured and utilized to provide insights into human communication. In addition, the results also suggest that there might be differences in the distribution of 3rd party observer gaze depending on how information-rich an utterance is.
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| 23. |
- Ellegård, Anders, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Solar service is rural infrastructure
- 2003
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy for Development. - 1101-8267. ; 16:1, s. 7-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Solar Photovoltaics (PV) provide basic lighting requirements and opportunities for education, entertainment, information and business improvement in many rural areas around the world. But solar PV technology provided for free, or heavily subsidized, has proven not to be sustainable. An alternative is to look at solar technology as a consumer commodity, for which rural consumers should bear the full cost. There is, however, an intermediate solution in which solar PV Energy Service Companies provide solar PV services. We argue that this solar power provision should be acknowledged as a part of rural infrastructure and not only as a consumer product. It should not be given away for free, but neither is it fair to demand the poorest people to pay the full price up front for a service that the urban middle class gets at a subsidy.
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| 24. |
- Fredriksson, Sofie, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Occupational Noise Exposure on Hyperacusis: a Longitudinal Population Study of Female Workers in Sweden.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ear and Hearing. - 1538-4667. ; 43:4, s. 1366-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to assess the risk of hyperacusis in relation to occupational noise exposure among female workers in general, and among women working in preschool specifically.A retrospective longitudinal study was performed. Survey data were collected in 2013 and 2014 from two cohorts: randomly selected women from the population in region Västra Götaland, Sweden, and women selected based on having received a preschool teacher degree from universities in the same region. The final study sample included n = 8328 women born between 1948 and 1989. Occupational noise exposure was objectively assigned to all time periods from the first to the last reported occupation throughout working life, using the Swedish Job-Exposure Matrix (JEM) with three exposure intervals: <75 dB(A), 75 to 85 dB(A), and >85 dB(A). The JEM assigns preschool teachers to the 75 to 85 dB(A) exposure interval. The outcome hyperacusis was assessed by self-report using one question addressing discomfort or pain from everyday sounds. In the main analysis, a hyperacusis event was defined by the reported year of onset, if reported to occur at least a few times each week. Additional sensitivity analyses were performed using more strict definitions: (a) at least several times each week and (b) every day. The risk (hazard ratio, HR) of hyperacusis was analyzed in relation to years of occupational noise exposure, using survival analysis with frailty regression modeling accounting for individual variation in survival times which reflect, for example, noise exposure during years prior to onset. Occupational noise exposure was defined by the occupation held at year of hyperacusis onset, or the occupation held at the survey year if no event occurred. Models were adjusted for confounders including age, education, income, family history of hearing loss, and change of jobs due to noise.In total, n = 1966 hyperacusis events between 1960 and 2014 were analyzed in the main analysis. A significantly increased risk of hyperacusis was found among women working in any occupation assigned to the 75 to 85 dB(A) noise exposure group [HR: 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-2.9], compared with the reference group <75 dB(A). The risk was tripled among preschool teachers specifically (HR: 3.4, 95% CI: 3.0-3.7), with the crude Kaplan-Meier curve showing a higher rate of onset early in the working life in preschool teachers compared with all the other exposure groups. The risk was increased, but not statistically significant in the main analysis, for the highest exposure group >85 dB(A), where only six hyperacusis events were identified (HR: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.6-3.1). In the sensitivity analysis, where hyperacusis was defined as occurring every day, the HR was significant also in the highest exposure group (HR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.4-10.3), and generally slightly higher in the other exposure groups compared to the main analysis.This study indicates increased risk of hyperacusis already below the permissible occupational noise exposure limit in Sweden (85 dB LAeq,8h) among female workers in general, and in particular among preschool teachers. Prospective studies and less wide exposure intervals could confirm causal effects and assess dose-response relationships, respectively, although this study at present suggest a need for risk assessment, improved hearing prevention measures, and noise abatement measures in occupations with noise levels from 75 dB(A). The results could also have implications for management of occupational disability claims.
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| 25. |
- Gasch, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Cracking in the concrete foundation for hydropower generators : Part II
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An extensive program for improvement of the hydropower plants in Sweden is currently on-going. The aims are to secure future production and to maintain and further develop an already high dam safety.During inspection, cracks were discovered in the concrete foundation, near the stator and rotor spider supports, at some hydropower stations in Sweden. The cracks were believed to be related to new patterns for generator operation, thereby changing the dynamic loading of the stator and rotor spider supports. Previously the generators ran continuously, while nowadays there are an increased number of stops and starts, sometimes even several times during one day. Increased dynamic forces due to runaways, and also other dynamic events such as emergency stops, may also contribute to increased stress levels and cracking of the foundation. Furthermore, although extreme loads such as short circuits of the generator seldom occurs, the influence on the dynamic forces acting on the supporting structure and concrete foundation may be strongly influenced during such events.The objective of this study is to understand the complex interaction between the power generating system (stator, rotor, turbine, etc.) and its supporting concrete structure. It is important from a dam safety perspective to determine the causes of existing structural cracks in the foundation. Furthermore, to be able to predict further crack propagation of the concrete foundation will help to determine future maintenance requirements.A three dimensional non-linear finite element model developed earlier was used to evaluate a methodology for analyses of the interaction between the generator and the concrete foundation. The influence of cracks in the concrete foundation was investigated by including the fracture pattern obtained in earlier FE analyses of time-dependent thermal and moisture gradients. These analyses showed that the drying shrinkage induced cracking inside the concrete foundation and especially close to the supports of the stator and the rotor spider. The obtained fracture pattern for the previous analysis was used as input for this study, with the concrete foundation’s changed structural properties and their influence on the interaction with the generator considered in the analyses. Furthermore, deadweight and operational load were also included in the analyses.The study show that FE models with a cracked concrete foundation can be used to analyse structural interaction betwee foundation and generator components during operation of a hydro power generator. The crack pattern can be determined by FE analyses, or by in-situ measurements of existing concrete cracks for a specific concrete foundation. The analyses show that further studies are needed regarding the combined effects from thermo-mechanical loads, drying shrinkage, creep and dynamical loads caused by the generator. The combined effects may further increase the stress levels for the concrete foundation, especially locally near perforations, and stator and rotor spider supports. These analyses should be performed with an increased numerical resolution for both the concrete foundation and the supporting structure for the generator, with an increased accuracy for the local stress variations near perforations of the foundation and also at the supports for the generator. This research area will be further investigated within a recently started research project at KTH, financed by the Swedish Hydropower Centre.
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| 26. |
- Grahn, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to particles and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease – during work and after vacation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 95, s. 1537-1548
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Ambient particle matter is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about associations between particles in occupational settings and risk of CVD. We investigated associations between occupational dust exposure and biomarkers of CVD, and potential recovery effects after vacation.Methods Personal dust exposure measurements (respirable silica, respirable dust < 4 mu m, and particles of 0.1-10 mu m (PM 0.1-10) were conducted once, and biological sampling were performed twice on non-smoking, male construction workers in Stockholm county, Sweden; during work and immediately after summer vacation. Linear regressions with adjustments for confounders and covariates were performed evaluating associations between occupational dust exposure and biomarkers. Paired t tests were performed evaluating changes before and after vacation.Results Sixty-five workers participated. Homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher with increasing concentrations (mg/m(3)) of respirable silica, respirable dust, and PM 0.1-10, and pulse rate with higher levels of respirable dust and dust of PM 0.1-10. Homocysteine levels were also positively correlated to number of years of dust exposure, as were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. A clear recovery effect was present for LDL after vacation, but not for homocysteine.Conclusions Occupational dust exposure was associated with some CVD risk markers, even at mean exposure concentrations below the Swedish occupational exposure limits for respirable silica and respirable dust, respectively. Vacation resulted in recovery for some risk markers. However, the change of the homocysteine and LDL levels suggest a long-term effect. Reduction of occupational exposure to dust may decrease the risk of CVD among exposed workers.
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| 27. |
- Grahn, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational noise exposure and acute effects on pulse rate and blood pressure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental exposure to noise and particle matter (PM) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although there are often higher levels in occupational settings, little is known about noise and particle exposures at work and CVD risks. We investigated occupational noise and particle exposures and acute effects on pulse rate and blood pressure. 46 active, non-smoking, male construction workers were included in the study. Continuously logged personal exposure measurements of noise (LAmax, LCpeak) and dust of PM 0.1-10, continuously logged pulse rate and blood pressure measurements were performed for one working day on each participant. Significant associations were seen between these three exposures and acute changes in pulse rate. The effects were seen below the Swedish occupational exposure limits for LAmax and LCpeak, indicating that these limits may not protect from adverse cardiovascular effects. Also, an additive effect on pulse rate was seen if simultaneously exposed to noise and dust. No association were found between these exposures and blood pressure.
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| 28. |
- Gremyr, Ida, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring power shifts as an enabler for a strengthened patient role in quality improvements: A Swedish survey study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open quality. - : BMJ. - 2399-6641. ; 10:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives This study examined the relationship between professionals' perceptions of a strengthened role for the patient and of patient involvement in quality improvement (QI) and whether professionals' experiences in improvement science were a moderator on such a relationship. Design From a predominantly close-ended, 44-item questionnaire, 4 questions specifically concerning professionals′ perception on patient involvement in QI were analysed. Setting Three Swedish regions. Participants 155 healthcare professionals who had previously participated in courses in improvement science. Results The covariate patient involvement was significantly related to a perceived strengthened patient role. There was also a significant interaction effect between degree of patient involvement and professionals' experience in the area of improvement science on a strengthened patient role. The result shows that there is a relationship between the perceived level of patient involvement in improvements and professionals' perceptions of a strengthened patient role. In this study, the covariate, perceived patient involvement, was significantly related to experiences of more equal relationships between patients and healthcare professionals. There was also a significant interaction effect between the degree of patient involvement and professionals' experience in the area of improvement science, for a more equal relationship between patients and healthcare professionals. Conclusion Increased patient involvement in QI is a means of strengthening the patient role and supporting a more equal relation between patients and healthcare professionals. Furthermore, empirical evidence shows that the healthcare professionals' experiences in the area of improvement science support a strengthened patient role and a more equal power relationship, but for this to happen, the mindset of professionals is key. Future research is needed to capture and investigate the experiences from patients and relatives about being involved in QI in healthcare, and to study the effects on quality in care processes.
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| 29. |
- Gremyr, Ida, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the phase for highest impact on radicality: a cross-sectional study of patient involvement in quality improvement in Swedish healthcare
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055 .- 2044-6055. ; 8:11, s. e021958-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Involving patients in quality improvement is often suggested as a critical step for improving healthcare processes. However, this comes with challenges related to resources, tokenism, validity and competence. Therefore, to optimise the use of available resources, there is a need to understand at what stage in the improvement cycle patient involvement is most beneficial. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the phase of an improvement cycle in which patient involvement had the highest impact on radicality of improvement. Design An exploratory cross-sectional survey was used. Setting and methods A questionnaire was completed by 155 Swedish healthcare professionals (response rate 34%) who had trained and had experience in patient involvement in quality improvement. Based on their replies, the impact of patient involvement on radicality in various phases of the improvement cycle was modelled using the partial least squares method. Results Patient involvement in quality improvement might help to identify and realise innovative solutions; however, there is variation in the impact of patient involvement on perceived radicality depending on the phase in which patients become involved. The highest impact on radicality was observed in the phases of capture experiences and taking action, while a moderate impact was observed in the evaluate phase. The lowest impact was observed in the identify and prioritise phase. Conclusions Involving patients in improvement projects can enhance the quality of care and help to identify radically new ways of delivering care. This study shows that it is possible to suggest at what point in an improvement cycle patient involvement has the highest impact, which will enable more efficient use of the resources available for patient involvement.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Gunnarsson, Mattias, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Personality traits and their associations with substance use among adolescents
- 2008
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869. ; 45:5, s. 356-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between personality traits and self-reported risk consumption of substances among adolescents. A further aim was to evaluate whether the personality questionnaire Health relevant Personality Inventory (HP5i) can be used in a population of adolescents. The study participants included 3419 male and female adolescents with a median age of 18years. The results showed that the respondents with risk consumption of substances had significantly higher levels of antagonism and impulsivity and lower levels of hedonic capacity, alexithymia and negative affectivity compared to those with no risk consumption of substances. The HP5 inventory could potentially be a valuable complementary instrument for investigating future health development among adolescents.
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| 32. |
- Gustavsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Formalizing the Intent of Design Patterns. An Approach Towards a Solution to the Indexing Problem
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The intent section of a pattern description is written in easily understood, natural language, which unfortunately has the drawback of being too imprecise and unstructured for certain applications of the intent section.We will in this essay try to formalize the intent section of a pattern description. Our aim will be to find a structure within the intent description that will reduce ambiguities and at the same time make the classification of patterns easier. The classifications of patterns addresses the problem of "labeling" patterns into one of the following categories: Creational, Structural or Behavioural. Succeeding in classifying patterns by the intent does require that enough information for doing so is contained in the one to two sentences that make up the intent. Whether this is the case or not will be discussed in the essay.A formalized intent section of a pattern description can not replace the understandability of the natural language description but can be thought of as a complement to the standard structure to patterns today.
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| 33. |
- Gustavsson, Anna-Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Allosteric regulation of phosphofructokinase controls the emergence of glycolytic oscillations in isolated yeast cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 281:12, s. 2784-2793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oscillations are widely distributed in nature and synchronization of oscillators has been described at the cellular level (e.g. heart cells) and at the population level (e.g. fireflies). Yeast glycolysis is the best known oscillatory system, although it has been studied almost exclusively at the population level (i.e. limited to observations of average behaviour in synchronized cultures). We studied individual yeast cells that were positioned with optical tweezers in a microfluidic chamber to determine the precise conditions for autonomous glycolytic oscillations. Hopf bifurcation points were determined experimentally in individual cells as a function of glucose and cyanide concentrations. The experiments were analyzed in a detailed mathematical model and could be interpreted in terms of an oscillatory manifold in a three-dimensional state-space; crossing the boundaries of the manifold coincides with the onset of oscillations and positioning along the longitudinal axis of the volume sets the period. The oscillatory manifold could be approximated by allosteric control values of phosphofructokinase for ATP and AMP.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Gustavsson, Anna-Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of External Acetaldehyde on Glycolytic Oscillations in Individual Yeast Cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yeast cells in dense cultures can synchronize their glycolytic oscillations via acetaldehyde. Combining optical tweezers with microfluidics, the effect of external acetaldehyde on glycolytic oscillations in individual cells has been investigated.
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| 36. |
- Gustavsson, Anna-Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Entrainment of heterogeneous glycolytic oscillations in single cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell signaling, gene expression, and metabolism are affected by cell-cell heterogeneity and random changes in the environment. The effects of such fluctuations on cell signaling and gene expression have recently been studied intensively using single-cell experiments. In metabolism heterogeneity may be particularly important because it may affect synchronisation of metabolic oscillations, an important example of cell-cell communication. This synchronisation is notoriously difficult to describe theoretically as the example of glycolytic oscillations shows: neither is the mechanism of glycolytic synchronisation understood nor the role of cell-cell heterogeneity. To pin down the mechanism and to assess its robustness and universality we have experimentally investigated the entrainment of glycolytic oscillations in individual yeast cells by periodic external perturbations. We find that oscillatory cells synchronise through phase shifts and that the mechanism is insensitive to cell heterogeneity (robustness) and similar for different types of external perturbations (universality).
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| 37. |
- Gustavsson, Anna-Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
FEBS Journal Prize Lecture: Sustained glycolytic oscillations in individual isolated yeast cells
- 2013
-
Ingår i: FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-4658 .- 1742-464X. ; 280:Suppl. S1
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yeast glycolytic oscillations have been extensively studied since the 1950s in dense populations of cells and in cell-free extracts. Until recently, sustained oscillations had only been observed at the population level, i.e. for synchronized cultures at high biomass concentrations. One question that had not been satisfactorily addressed was whether individual cells display qualitatively different behaviour from the mean behaviour of a population of cells. We were able to observe sustained oscillations in individual isolated cells using a sophisticated experimental setup in which the concentration of metabolites in glycolysis was quantified by measuring the autofluorescence intensity from NADH molecules in the individual cells, the extracellular environment was controlled both spatially and temporally using microfluidics, and the cell density and position of the cell array within the microfluidic flow chamber was varied using optical tweezers. We thus showed that a high cell density is not a requirement for induction of oscillatory behaviour. A detailed kinetic model for the cellular reactions was adjusted to describe isolated cells in a microfluidic flow chamber. It was successfully used to simulate the heterogeneity in the oscillatory response of the individual cells, assuming small differences in a single internal parameter. In further studies we have investigated the precise conditions for autonomous oscillations at the single cell level. We have also investigated how the extracellular environment affects the characteristics of the oscillations and the heterogeneity between cells. This setup also enables studies of cell-to-cell distance and flowrate dependence on cell communication and synchronization.
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| 38. |
- Gustavsson, Anna-Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterogeneity of glycolytic oscillatory behaviour in individual yeast cells
- 2014
-
Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - : Wiley. - 0014-5793. ; 588:1, s. 3-7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many examples of oscillations in biological systems and one of the most investigated is glycolytic oscillations in yeast. These oscillations have been studied since the 1950s in dense, synchronized populations and in cell-free extracts, but it has for long been unknown whether a high cell density is a requirement for oscillations to be induced, or if individual cells can oscillate also in isolation without synchronization. Here we present an experimental method and a detailed kinetic model for studying glycolytic oscillations in individual, isolated yeast cells and compare them to previously reported studies of single-cell oscillations. The importance of single-cell studies of this phenomenon and relevant future research questions are also discussed.
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| 39. |
- Gustavsson, Anna-Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of sustained glycolytic oscillations in single yeast cells using microfluidics and optical tweezers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proc. SPIE, 8458 s. 84580Y. - : SPIE. ; 8458
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yeast glycolytic oscillations have been studied since the 1950s in cell free extracts and in intact cells. Until recently, sustained oscillations have only been observed in intact cells at the population level. The aim of this study was to investigate sustained glycolytic oscillations in single cells. Optical tweezers were used to position yeast cells in arrays with variable cell density in the junction of a microfluidic flow chamber. The microfluidic flow chambers were fabricated using soft lithography and the flow rates in the different inlet channels were individually controlled by syringe pumps. Due to the low Reynolds number, the solutions mixed by diffusion only. The environment in the junction of the chamber could thus be controlled by changing the flow rates in the inlet channels, with a complete change of environment within 2 s. The optimum position of the cell array was determined by simulations, to ensure complete coverage of the intended solution without any concentration gradients over the cell array. Using a DAPI filter set, the NADH auto fluorescence could be monitored in up to 100 cells simultaneously. Sustained oscillations were successfully induced in individual, isolated cells within specific flow rates and concentrations of glucose and cyanide. By changing the flow rates without changing the surrounding solution, it was found that the cell behavior was dependent on the concentration of chemicals in the medium rather than the flow rates in the range tested. Furthermore, by packing cells tightly, cell-to-cell interaction and synchronization could be studied.
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| 40. |
- Gustavsson, Anna-Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Studying Glycolytic Oscillations in Individual Yeast Cells by Combining Fluorescence Microscopy with Microfluidics and Optical Tweezers.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current protocols in cell biology. - : Wiley. - 1934-2616 .- 1934-2500. ; 82:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this unit, we provide a clear exposition of the methodology employed to study dynamic responses in individual cells, using microfluidics for controlling and adjusting the cell environment, optical tweezers for precise cell positioning, and fluorescence microscopy for detecting intracellular responses. This unit focuses on the induction and study of glycolytic oscillations in single yeast cells, but the methodology can easily be adjusted to examine other biological questions and cell types. We present a step-by-step guide for fabrication of the microfluidic device, for alignment of the optical tweezers, for cell preparation, and for time-lapse imaging of glycolytic oscillations in single cells, including a discussion of common pitfalls. A user who follows the protocols should be able to detect clear metabolite time traces over the course of up to an hour that are indicative of dynamics on the second scale in individual cells during fast and reversible environmental adjustments. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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| 41. |
- Gustavsson, Anna-Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustained glycolytic oscillations in individual isolated yeast cells
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Febs Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X. ; 279:16, s. 2837-2847
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yeast glycolytic oscillations have been studied since the 1950s in cell-free extracts and intact cells. For intact cells, sustained oscillations have so far only been observed at the population level, i.e. for synchronized cultures at high biomass concentrations. Using optical tweezers to position yeast cells in a microfluidic chamber, we were able to observe sustained oscillations in individual isolated cells. Using a detailed kinetic model for the cellular reactions, we simulated the heterogeneity in the response of the individual cells, assuming small differences in a single internal parameter. This is the first time that sustained limit-cycle oscillations have been demonstrated in isolated yeast cells. Database ?The mathematical model described here has been submitted to the JWS Online Cellular Systems Modelling Database and can be accessed at free of charge.
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| 42. |
- Gustavsson, Cecilia, Dr, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Citizen science in radiation research
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ND 2019. - : EDP Sciences. - 9782759891061
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing trend in science is that research institutions reach out to members of the public for participating in research. The reasons for outreach are many, spanning from the desire to collect and/or analyse large sets of data efficiently, to the idea of including the general public on a very fundamental level in science-making and ultimately decision-making. The presented project is curriculum-based and carried out in 240 lower secondary school classes (pupils of age 13-16). The task, as designed by the participating universities, is to collect mushrooms, soil and animal droppings from different parts of Sweden, do preliminary sample preparation and analyses and send the samples to the university institutions for radioactivity measurement. Behind the project is a desire to compare today’s levels of 137Cs with those deposited right after the Chernobyl accident in 1986, but also to study the exchange of caesium between organisms as well as the impacts of biological and geological processes on uptake and retention. The scientific outcome is a geodatabase with the 137Cs activity (Bq/m2) present in the Swedish environment, where radioactivity data can be linked to the species (fungi, competing species, animals foraging), forest type, land type, land use and other environmental factors. The science question is of interest to the general public as foraging for mushrooms, as well as spending recreational time in forests is widely popular in Sweden. In this article, we will discuss the current status of the project and the observations we have made about how well the public can participate in scientific research. Focus will be on organization of the project, such as logistics, preparation of supportive material, feedback and communication between researchers and schools. We will present observations about the impact the project has had on the participants, based on quantitative and qualitative evaluations.
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| 43. |
- Gustavsson, Inger M., et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical validation of the HPVIR high-risk HPV test on cervical samples according to the international guidelines for human papillomavirus DNA test requirements for cervical cancer screening
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Virology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-422X. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe indicating FTA card is a dry medium used for collection of cervical samples. HPVIR is a multiplex real-time PCR test that detects 12 high-risk human papillomavirus types (hrHPV) and provides single genotype information for HPV16, − 31, − 35, − 39, − 51, − 56, and − 59 and pooled type information for HPV18/45 and HPV33/52/58. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a strategy with cervical samples collected on the FTA card and subsequently analysed with the HPVIR test complies with the criteria of the international guidelines for a clinically validated method for cervical screening.MethodsWe performed a non-inferiority test comparing the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the candidate test (FTA card and HPVIR) with a clinically validated reference test (Cobas® HPV test) based on liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples. Two clinical samples (LBC and FTA) were collected from 896 participants in population-based screening. For evaluation of the specificity we used 799 women without ≥ CIN2, and for clinical sensitivity we used 67 women with histologically confirmed ≥ CIN2. The reproducibility was studied by performing inter- and intra-laboratory tests of 558 additional clinical samples.ResultsThe clinical sensitivity and specificity for samples collected on the FTA card and analysed using the HPVIR test were non-inferior to samples analysed with the Cobas® HPV test based on LBC samples (non-inferiority test score, p = 1.0 × 10− 2 and p = 1.89 × 10− 9, respectively). Adequate agreement of > 87% was seen in both the intra- and inter-laboratory comparisons.ConclusionsSamples collected on the indicating FTA card and analysed with HPVIR test fulfil the requirements of the international guidelines and can therefore be used in primary cervical cancer screening.
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| 44. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change effects of forestry and substitution of carbon-intensive materials and fossil fuels
- 2017
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 67:January, s. 612-624
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimate the climate effects of directing forest management in Sweden towards increased carbon storage in forests with more land set-aside for protection, or towards increased forest production for the substitution of carbon-intensive materials and fossil fuels, relative to a reference case of current forest management. We develop various scenarios of forest management and biomass use to estimate the carbon balances of the forest systems, including ecological and technological components, and their impacts on the climate in terms of radiative forcing. The scenario with increased set-aside area and the current level of forest residue harvest resulted in lower cumulative carbon emissions compared to the reference case for the first 90 years, but then showed higher emissions as reduced forest harvest led to higher carbon emissions from energy and material systems. For the reference case of current forest management, increased harvest of forest residues gave increased climate benefits. The most climatically beneficial alternative, expressed as reduced cumulative radiative forcing, in both the short and long terms is a strategy aimed at high forest production, high residue recovery rate, and high efficiency utilization of harvested biomass. Active forest management with high harvest levels and efficient forest product utilization will provide more climate benefit, compared to reducing harvest and storing more carbon in the forest.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Gustavsson, Mattias, 1977
(författare)
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Changing the game, maintaining the passion
- 2003
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Ingår i: Bättre produktivitet : tidning för regionalföreningar inom SPRF och PLAN : med plan-nytt. - 1402-1145. ; :7, s. 11-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Gustavsson, Mattias, 1972
(författare)
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Fluidized Bed Operating Parameters and Eulerian Erosion Models
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A numerical two-fluid code, Gemini 2D, was adapted to study gas-solid fluidization in arbitrary 2D domains. The code was also used to study fluid dynamic mechanisms of dense particle flow that cause ductile and brittle erosion of solids. Simulations of the in-bed fluid dynamics of a small-scale pressurized fluidized bed were made with and without internals. The inflow and outflow system of a small-scale bed was studied, where the air-feed system - incorporating an air inflow system, plenum chamber and distributor plate - was modelled. It was found that the simulated large-scale fluid dynamics was significantly improved when a model was included for the air feed system of the bed. In particular, at atmospheric operating conditions, it was found that regular pressure fluctuations occurred at a constant frequency, in good agreement with experimental observations for a slugging bed behaviour. These pressure fluctuations correlate well with a strong temporal variation in the total inflow of air. Animated sequences of the slugging bed behaviour resemble that of a piston-like motion of the major part of the bed mass. Previous modelling of the same bed when a constant influx of air through the distributor plate is assumed resulted in large discrepancies between simulated and experimental bed behaviour. It is concluded that it is necessary to include complementary operating parameters to describe the present fluidized bed system, as the standard operating parameters such as fluidization velocity and operating pressure are not sufficient. A simple erosion model was used to study erosion of cooling tubes for a bed containing two tubes. This model, the monolayer kinetic energy dissipation erosion model, was used to study erosion mechanisms when bubbles pass a tube. In accordance with experimental observations, the impact of bubble wakes results in high instantaneous simulated erosion rates. Time-averaged local erosion rates around tubes were also modelled. This simple Eulerian erosion model was further developed to enable erosion modelling of real engineering metals subject to dense flow impacts of hard particles. The irreversible processes in the simulated flow field in the vicinity of a solid eroding surface can be divided into two fundamental components that can be associated with cutting and deformation wear, respectively. Ductile and brittle erosion were simulated for stationary jet streams of particles impacting a tilted plate. The influence of particle diameter, particle concentration, jet velocity and jet diameter was investigated. The literature has a great many reports of erosion models that can be applied in the case of dilute flows and in studies of single particle impacts. However, these models - generally Lagrangian - are here argued to be difficult to implement successfully for dense flows causing erosion. Examples of such cases are sandblasting or erosion caused by a large collection of particles, which is common in bubbling fluidized beds.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Gustavsson, Mattias, 1977
(författare)
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Information Quality Deficiencies in Manufacturing Planning and Control
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increased global sourcing and a trend towards the supply chain management perspective on manufacturing establish highly information-driven supply chains. Low levels of information quality deficiencies are an important requirement from decision-makers in manufacturing planning and control processes. This puts forward the need for mutual understanding and agreements about the required information quality levels as well as how to decrease deficiencies. However, the emphasis in manufacturing planning and control research has been on consequences, not causes, of information quality deficiencies. This thesis focuses on the quality of forecast and customer order information in the manufacturing planning and control processes, and the purpose is to explain both causes and consequences of such deficiencies. For this purpose three case studies have been conducted and followed by a large-scale survey. The results are presented in six appended papers. Empirical data from the case studies have mainly been collected through interviews with staff working in, or in close relation to, the manufacturing planning and control processes. In the survey study, data were collected through a questionnaire answered in a web-interface. 840 valid companies received the web survey and 219 answers were received, corresponding to a response rate of 26%. The results from the case studies mainly describe information quality deficiencies in the specific case settings, while the results from the survey study primarily explains how such deficiencies are caused and what consequences they have. The identified causes of information quality deficiencies were the present integration level, information management practices, information characteristics and company characteristics. Information quality deficiencies were low in companies with well-developed information life cycle and process management. The main consequences of information quality deficiencies were articulated as corrective planning decisions. Information quality deficiencies were mainly correlated to corrective planning decisions in companies working with complex customer products and in companies with responsive process requirements. In the discussion, an information quality management process is developed, based on the results, in order to clarify their managerial implications.
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| 50. |
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