| 1. |
- Andreen, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality of COVID-19 is associated with comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 54:7, s. 508-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with the outcome in matched COVID-19 patients without COPD. Methods Sixty-three COPD patients hospitalised for acute COVID-19 from March through August 2020 were retrospectively identified and 63 hospitalised COVID-19 patients without COPD were selected and matched for age, gender and month of hospital admission. Results COPD patients had a higher rate of comorbidities, especially cardiovascular disease, and a trend towards a higher 30-day mortality than control patients (35% vs. 22%). In the COPD group, high Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.03) and previous cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.04) were associated with 30-day mortality in univariate analysis. Inhaled corticosteroids maintenance therapy was not associated with lower mortality. Conclusion COPD patients hospitalised for acute COVID-19 disease had significantly more comorbidities and a high risk of severe outcome and death within 30 days. Comorbidity, especially cardiovascular diseases, was associated with mortality among COPD patients.
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| 2. |
- Beck-Friis, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Outdoor Absolute Humidity Predicts the Start of Norovirus GII Epidemics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microbiology Spectrum. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2165-0497. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal variation of viral gastroenteritis is related to weather conditions, but the relationship with the incidence of viral gastroenteritis (GE) is not fully understood. This study examined the impact of outdoor climate factors on seasonal variation in detection rates of gastroenteritis viruses, with emphasis on norovirus. Weekly detection rates of norovirus genogroup I (GI) and II (GII), rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus were analyzed in relation to average weekly means of meteorological parameters. Associations between rates of PCR detection of the viral GE pathogens and climate factors were investigated with generalized linear models. Low absolute humidity was correlated with increased detection of adenovirus (P = 0.007), astrovirus (P = 0.005), rotavirus (P = 0.004), norovirus GI (P = 0.001), and sapovirus (P = 0.002). In each investigated season, a drop in absolute humidity preceded the increase in norovirus GII detections. We found a correlation between declining absolute humidity and increasing norovirus GII detection rate. Absolute humidity was a better predictor of gastrointestinal virus seasonality compared to relative humidity.IMPORTANCE Viral gastroenteritis causes considerable morbidity, especially in vulnerable groups such as the elderly and chronically ill. Predicting the beginning of seasonal epidemics is important for the health care system to withstand increasing demands. In this paper we studied the association of outdoor climate factors on the detection rates of gastrointestinal viruses and the association between these factors and the onset of annual norovirus epidemics. Declining absolute humidity preceded the increase in diagnosed norovirus GII cases by approximately 1 week. These findings contribute to the understanding of norovirus epidemiology and allow health care services to install timely preventive measures and can help the public avoid transmission. Viral gastroenteritis causes considerable morbidity, especially in vulnerable groups such as the elderly and chronically ill. Predicting the beginning of seasonal epidemics is important for the health care system to withstand increasing demands.
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| 3. |
- Bergbrant, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Syndromic testing for respiratory pathogens but not National Early Warning Score can be used to identify viral cause in hospitalised adults with lower respiratory tract infections
- 2024
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Ingår i: INFECTIOUS DISEASES. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 56:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCommunity-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a common reason for hospitalisation. Antibiotics are frequently used while diagnostic microbiological methods are underutilised in the acute setting.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the relative proportion of viral and bacterial infections in this patient group and explore methods for proper targeting of antimicrobial therapy.MethodsWe collected nasopharyngeal samples prospectively from adults hospitalised with LRTIs during three consecutive winter seasons (2016-2019). Syndromic nasopharyngeal testing was performed using a multiplex PCR panel including 16 viruses and four bacteria. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data.ResultsOut of 220 included patients, a viral pathogen was detected in 74 (34%), a bacterial pathogen in 63 (39%), both viral and bacterial pathogens in 49 (22%), while the aetiology remained unknown in 34 (15%) cases. The proportion of infections with an identified pathogen increased from 38% to 85% when syndromic testing was added to standard-of-care testing. Viral infections were associated with a low CRP level and absence of pulmonary infiltrates. A high National Early Warning Score did not predict bacterial infections.ConclusionsSyndromic testing by a multiplex PCR panel identified a viral infection or viral/bacterial coinfection in a majority of hospitalised adult patients with community-acquired LRTIs.
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| 4. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Metaller i abborre från Lagnö och Askö 2007-2010
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturhistoriska riksmuseet har på uppdrag av Enheten för Miljöanalys vidLänsstyrelsen i Stockholms län analyserat tungmetaller hos abborre i tvårelativt ostörda och opåverkade skärgårdsområden; Lagnö och Askö.Metallerna som analyserats är arsenik, kadmium, krom, koppar, nickel, bly,zink, tenn, silver och kvicksilver.Analyserna har gjorts på fisk insamlade vid Lagnö och Askö under åren2007-2010 inom det regionala miljöövervakningsprogrammet ”Integreradkustfiskövervakning, kustlevande fiskbestånd vid Askö-Fifång och Lagnö”.Provfisket vid Askö drivs i samverkan med Länsstyrelsen i Södermanlandslän. Uppmätta halter har jämförts med halter i abborre från de två närmastenationella referenslokalerna; Holmöarna i Västerbotten och Kvädöfjärden isödra Östergötland.Vi har valt att studera abborre, eftersom den är relativt stationär jämfört medmånga andra fiskarter. Halterna av metaller i abborre är därför relativtspecifika för dessa områden. Abborre används även inom det nationellaprogrammet för miljögiftsövervakning.Provtagningen och analys har utförts enligt rutinerna för det nationellamiljöövervakningsprogrammet och undersökningstypen ”Metaller ochorganiska miljögifter i fisk”. Analyserna utfördes på poolade prover sombestod av 15 abborrar per lokal och år. Alla metaller har analyserats i leverfrån abborre, utom kvicksilver, som analyserades i muskelvävnad.Resultaten från denna undersökning visar att observationsperioden var förkort för att kunna upptäcka statistiskt signifikanta trender i minskande ellerökande halter av undersökta metaller. Ytterligare analyser av metaller iabborre från Lagnö och Askö avses därför göra om några år.Vad vår undersökning visar är att halterna vid Lagnö och Askö ligger påsamma nivå som i abborrarna från de två nationella referenslokalerna.Resultaten visar vidare, för de metaller som har framtagnagränsvärden/bedömningsgrunder, att uppmätta halter ligger långt underdessa bedömningsgrunder/gränsvärden. Detta är positivt.Undantaget är kvicksilver. Vid såväl Lagnö som Askö ligger halterna övergränsvärdet för god kemisk status för kvicksilver. Halterna ligger dock långtunder tillåten halt för saluföring av abborre som livsmedel, men fluktueraräven vid både Lagnö och Askö samtidigt över och under tillåtna halten avkvicksilver i livsmedel för barn.När det gäller de nationella referenslokalerna ligger kvicksilverhalten ävenför dessa högre än gränsvärdet för god kemisk status samtidigt som halternaligger under tillåten halt för saluföring av abborre som livsmedel.10Att halterna av kvicksilver i abborre vid Lagnö och Askö är låga är positivtur hälsoeffektsperspektiv. En rekommendation som bör beaktas, och dåoavsett om fisken innehåller höga kvicksilverhalter, är att kvinnor somplanerar att skaffa barn snart, som är gravida eller som ammar inte bör ätafisk mer än 2-3 gånger per år. Denna rekommendation gäller även förspädbarn. Detta intag av fisk anser man är utan risk för ett foster/spädbarn.
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| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av metodik för åldersbestämningav sill och strömming
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resultaten från två olika metoder för åldersbestämning av fisk mha otoliter respektive fjällöverensstämmer väl. I 84 % av fallen skiljer sig den uppskattade åldern mellan de tvåmetoderna inte mer än ett år. Skillnaderna i åldersbestämningen mellan de två metoderna blirtydligare då fiskens ålder överstiger sex år. Ju äldre fisk desto lägre ålder skattas frånbedömning av fjäll. En slutsats som dras från den här studien är att fördelarna medåldersbestämning från fjäll överväger eventuella problem som uppmärksammats vidbestämning av ålder på äldre individer.
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| 6. |
- Guldåker, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of crime, crime and living conditions : a case study of Uppsala, Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Criminology. - 2578-983X .- 2578-9821. ; 25:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study adds to knowledge on place-based fear of crime. First, by proposing a method to coordinate and code unsafe locations from an open-ended question in a random sample survey among residents of Uppsala, Sweden. The method is performed through an automated script in R with manual work steps. Second, by identifying types of functional locations, e.g. traffic centres, city parks, green spaces etc., reported by residents as unsafe. Third, by examining whether these unsafe locations spatially cluster. Fourth, by examining whether unsafe locations or clusters of unsafe locations also tend to overlap with hotspots of crime. Fifth, by examining to what extent living conditions are related to the occurrence of unsafe locations and their potential spatial clustering.
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| 7. |
- Guldåker, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of crime, crime and living conditions – a case study of Uppsala, Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Criminology. - 2578-983X. ; 25:1, s. 1-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study adds to knowledge on place-based fear of crime. First, by proposing a method to coordinate and code unsafe locations from an open-ended question in a random sample survey among residents of Uppsala, Sweden. The method is performed through an automated script in R with manual work steps. Second, by identifying types of functional locations, e.g. traffic centres, city parks, green spaces etc., reported by residents as unsafe. Third, by examining whether these unsafe locations spatially cluster. Fourth, by examining whether unsafe locations or clusters of unsafe locations also tend to overlap with hotspots of crime. Fifth, by examining to what extent living conditions are related to the occurrence of unsafe locations and their potential spatial clustering.
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| 8. |
- Gustavsson, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Fresh Water Biota 2009
- 2010. - 2010:4
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report gives a summary of the monitoring activities within the national Swedish contaminant programme in freshwater biota. It is the result from the joint efforts of: the Department of Applied Environmental Science at Stockholm University (analyses of organochlorines, flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds), Department of Chemistry at Umeå University (analyses of PCDD/PCDF) and the Department of Contaminant Research at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (co-ordination, sample collection administration, sample preparation, recording of biological variables, storage of frozen biological tissues in the Environmental Specimen Bank for retrospective studies, data preparation and statistical evaluation). The monitoring programme is financed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Sweden. The data of concern in this report represent the bioavailable part of the investigated contaminants i.e. the part that has virtually passed through the biological membranes and may cause toxic effects. The objectives of the monitoring program in freshwater biota could be summarised as follows:
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Geotextiles and microplastics in Sweden - an assessment
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the EU, there are ongoing efforts that aim to reduce the presence of microplastic release to the environment. In addition to the proposed restriction under REACH of intentionally added microplastics in products, the strategy also includes measures directed towards the unintentional release of microplastics. In a public consultation, the European Commission included questions related to geotextiles and their release of microplastics. In order to map the situation in Sweden and improve knowledge on geotextiles, the Swedish Environmental protection Agency (Swedish EPA) has commissioned Ramboll to provide this information, to assess geotextiles as a source of microplastics in Sweden and to suggest further studies. The information will also provide input to the ongoing governmental assignment the Swedish EPA has on mapping and monitoring plastic flows towards the transition to a circular economy.Geotextiles are synthetic or natural polymeric textile materials used in contact with soil and/or other materials in geotechnical and civil engineering applications. Its use in Europe began in the 1950’s but accelerated during the 1980’s and -90’s. In Sweden, the use of geotextiles was approximately 14900 tonnes in 2021 and its major use was for separation and filtration applications. A vast majority (>95%) of the geotextiles used are made of nonwoven polypropylene (PP). Geotextiles are classified as construction products and fall under Regulation (EU) No 305/2011. To be placed on the EU market, geotextiles must conform with technical criteria, including durability requirements, in harmonised standards and be CE labelled. Since the service life of geotextiles in many applications is expected to be 100 years, not much of the geotextiles used to date have been recovered or treated as waste and very little experience of this therefore exists. Used geotextiles are sorted as either plastic waste or in fractions for combustible waste. Recycled content in geotextile manufacturing is very limited, partly due to limitations of use laid down in the harmonised standards.There is not much research on geotextiles and their release of microplastics. A previous estimation of global geotextile release of microplastics appears to have used flawed assumptions and exaggerates the release. It is known that geotextiles are exposed to several environmental factors that all can contribute to their degradation, of these, exposure to UV-light is arguably the most important. In this study, two cases are identified that could potentially lead to microplastic release. Hydraulic applications, where geotextiles are in contact with water and exposed to several degradation factors, is a higher risk application. The other identified risk is the use of geotextiles for soil applications that are not installed according to manufacturer’s instructions and left exposed to UV and other degradation factors.In this report, it is estimated that geotextiles currently release 2-32 tonnes of microplastics per year in Sweden. The estimation is based on several assumptions regarding release of microplastics due to lack of information. As a comparison, this is similar to other sources of unintentionally released microplastics such as fishing gear (4–46 tonnes/year) or industrial laundry (2–115 tonnes/year). The estimation also shows that the accumulation and ageing of geotextiles may cause this to become a major source of microplastics in the future. In the worst-case scenario, approximately up to 800 tonnes per year would be released by 2050 and in 100 years from now, the amount would be closer to 21 000 tonnes. The calculation includes several limitations and uncertainties and should be seen as an indication until further research is performed.Ramboll proposes to advance the understanding of microplastics release from geotextiles by performing actual measurements, such as leaching tests and to investigate whether also new unused geotextiles release fibres. It is equally important to develop an understanding of the relationship between degradation and microplastics, i.e., what kind of degradation (measured by e.g., strength retention tests) is required to cause microplastics emissions and at what rate.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Karlsohn, Thomas, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Ta inte ifrån oss makten över tanken
- 2019
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Ingår i: Upsala. - Uppsala. - 1104-0173. ; :15 okt
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Lind, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Utredning av platsbrist inom Miljöprovbanken
- 2009. - 2009:1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är framtagen under hösten 2008 av Ylva Lind, Nicklas Gustavsson och Tjelvar Odsjö, Enheten för miljögiftsforskning (MG) vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket. Syftet är att belysa den platsbrist som råder för förvaring av prov för Miljöprovbanken (MPB) och det akuta behovet av framförallt nya utrymmen för förvaring av frysta vävnadsprover. Rapporten belyser översiktligt Miljöprovbankens historia och nuvarande verksamhetsinriktning som bakgrund till pågående och framtida utveckling och verksamhets-uppdrag. Rapporten ger också förslag på långsiktig lösning av lagringsbehoven samt akutlösning under en övergångsperiod.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Sundell, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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PCR detection of respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic and symptomatic adults.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 57:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The frequency of viral respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic subjects is poorly defined. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in the upper airways of asymptomatic adults, as compared with a reference population of symptomatic patients sampled in the same centres during the same period. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were prospectively collected from adults with and without ongoing symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RTI) during 12 consecutive months, in primary care centres as well as hospital emergency departments, and analysed for respiratory pathogens by a PCR panel detecting 16 viruses and four bacteria. Altogether, 444 asymptomatic and 75 symptomatic subjects completed sampling as well as follow-up (FU) at day 7. In the asymptomatic subjects the detection rate of viruses was low (4.3%) and the most common virus detected was rhinovirus (3.2%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in 5.6% of the asymptomatic subjects and Haemophilus influenzae in 1.4%. The only factor independently associated with low viral detection rate in asymptomatic subjects was age ≥65 (p=0.04). An increased detection rate of bacteria was seen in asymptomatic subjects who were currently smoking (p<0.01) and who had any chronical condition (p<0.01). We conclude that detection of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic adults is uncommon, suggesting that a positive PCR result from a symptomatic patient likely is relevant for ongoing respiratory symptoms. Age influences the likelihood of virus detection among asymptomatic adults and smoking as well as co-morbidity may increase the prevalence of bacterial pathogens in the upper airways.
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| 17. |
- Svensson, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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SLF:s höstexkursion till Skäckerfjällen 15-17 augusti 2008
- 2009
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Ingår i: Lavbulletinen. - 1651-6435. ; 2009:1, s. 4-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Förra året beslutade SLF att 'adoptera' Skäckerfjällen i Jämtland, vilket innebär att föreningen avser att göra en fullständig inventering av dess lavar genom återkommande besök under ett antal år. Första besöket gjordes under höstexkursionen 2008 i mångahanda spännande miljöer, såsom kalkbranter, bäckraviner med gammal granskog, videsnår, snölegor och fjälltoppar med urberg. Exkursionen resulterade i en imponerande artlista med bl.a. två nya arter för Sverige.
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| 18. |
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