| 1. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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An Exploration of Openness in Hardware and Software Through Implementation of a RISC-V Based Desktop Computer
- 2022
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Ingår i: OpenSym '22. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450398459 - 9781450398466
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open hardware and open source software platforms bring benefits to both implementers and users in the form of system adaptability and maintainability, and through the avoidance of lock-in, for example. Development of the \riscv\ Instruction Set Architecture and processors during the last ten years has made the implementation of a desktop computer using open hardware, including open processors, and open source software an approaching possibility. We use the SiFive Unmatched development board and Ubuntu Linux, and the recorded experiences of system builders using the Unmatched board to explore the extent to which it is possible to create an open desktop computer. The work identifies current limitations to implementing an open computer system, which lie mainly at the interface between the operating system and hardware components. Potential solutions to the challenges uncovered are proposed, including greater consideration of openness during the early stages of product design. A further contribution is made by an account of the synergies arising from open collaboration in a private-collective innovation process.
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| 4. |
- Falkstedt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Disability pensions related to heavy physical workload : a cohort study of middle-aged and older workers in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 94, s. 1851-1861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of the study was to examine the associations between heavy physical workload among middle-aged and older workers and disability pension due to any diagnosis, as well as musculoskeletal, psychiatric, cardiovascular or respiratory diagnoses. The population-based design made it possible to examine dose-response and potential gender differences in the associations. Methods About 1.8 million men and women aged 44-63 years and registered as living in Sweden in 2005 were followed regarding disability pension during 2006-2016, until ages 55-65 years. Mean values of physical workload and job control, estimated through gender-specific job-exposure matrices (JEMs), were assigned to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. Exposure values were ranked separately for women and men and divided into quintiles. Associations were analyzed with Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results The analyses showed robust, dose-response associations between physical workload and disability pension with a musculoskeletal diagnosis in both genders: the adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for those with the heaviest exposure was 2.58 (2.37-2.81) in women and 3.34 (2.83-3.94) in men. Dose-response associations were also seen in relation to disability pension with a cardiovascular or a respiratory diagnosis, though the hazard ratios were smaller. Physical workload was not associated with disability pension with a psychiatric diagnosis after adjustment for job control. Conclusion This study of the entire Swedish population of middle-aged and older workers suggests that higher degrees of physical workload may increase the risk of disability pension overall, and specifically with musculoskeletal, cardiovascular or respiratory diagnosis, in both women and men.
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| 5. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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On availability of Open Source Software reference implementations for standards issued by different standards setting organisations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Joint Proceedings EURAS & SIIT 2023. - Aachen : Verlag Mainz. - 9783958864917 - 3958864910 ; , s. 97-116
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software reference implementations of ICT standards have an important role for verifying that a standard is implementable, supporting interoperability testing among other implementations, and providing feedback to the standard development process. Providing reference implementations and widely used implementations of a standard as Open Source Software also promotes wide deployment in software systems, avoidance of different lock-in effects, interoperability, and longevity of systems and associated digital assets. In this paper results are reported on the availability of reference implementations and widely deployed implementations provided as Open Source Software for standards issued by different standards setting organisations. Specifically, findings draw from observations and analyses related to software implementations for identified standards issued by ETSI, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU-T, OASIS, and W3C.
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| 6. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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On engagement with ICT standards and their implementations in open source software projects : the case of WebRTC
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings 26th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference. - Aachen : Verlag Mainz. - 9783958864467 ; , s. 143-162
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time communication (RTC) technologies for the web provide opportunities for individuals and organisations to work and collaborate remotely, and the need for such technologies has recently increased. Use of RTC technologies and tools for the web involves a number of challenges concerning data privacy and lock-in effects, such as dependency to specific suppliers and proprietary technologies. Use of open standards for RTC and open source software (OSS) implementing such standards can create conditions for avoiding issues related to data privacy and lock-in, and thereby provides opportunities for long-term sustainable solutions. The paper characterises how engagement with standardisation of WebRTC in the context of IETF and W3C is related to engagement with the WebRTC OSS project.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Open Source Software reference implementations for standards issued by different standards setting organisations : availability, perceptions and practices
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Standardisation. - : TU Delft Open. - 2772-9249. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software reference implementations of ICT standards have an important role for verifying that a standard is implementable, supporting interoperability testing among other implementations, and providing feedback to the standard development process. Providing reference implementations and widely used implementations of a standard as Open Source Software promotes wide deployment in software systems, interoperability, longevity of systems and associated digital assets, and avoidance of different lock-in effects. In this paper results are reported on the availability of, and perceptions and practices concerning, reference implementations and widely deployed implementations provided as Open Source Software for standards issued by different standards setting organisations. Specifically, findings draw from observations and analyses related to software implementations for identified standards and policy statements, issued by ETSI, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU-T, OASIS, and W3C.
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| 9. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Towards open government through open source software for web analytics : The case of Matomo
- 2021
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Ingår i: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - Krems : Department for E-Governance and Administration, Danube University Krems. - 2075-9517. ; 13:2, s. 133-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Web analytics technologies provide opportunities for organisations to obtain information about users visiting their websites in order to understand and optimise web usage. Use of such technologies often leads to issues related to data privacy and potential lock-in to specific suppliers and proprietary technologies. Use of open source software (OSS) for web analytics can create conditions for avoiding issues related to data privacy and lock-in, and thereby provides opportunities for a long-term sustainable solution for organisations both in the public and private sectors. This paper characterises use of and engagement with OSS projects for web analytics. Specifically, we contribute a characterisation of use of OSS licensed web analytics technologies in Swedish government authorities, and a characterisation of organisational engagement with the Matomo OSS project for web analytics.
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| 10. |
- Grahn, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to particles and increased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : A population-based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disorder. Next to tobacco smoking, occupational exposure is the most important risk factor for COPD in high-income countries. To enable preventative measures, more knowledge is needed on which specific occupational exposures that are related to risk of developing COPD in men and women.Methods: A population-based cohort was formed from subjects responding to the Stockholm Public Health Surveys in 2002, 2006, and 2010, followed up until 2014. The dataset was linked to a quantitative job exposure matrix via occupational titles from the 1990 nation-wide Population and housing census. We identified COPD among subjects having medication for COPD and/or reporting a physician’s diagnosis of COPD. The gender- specific risks to develop COPD from occupational particle-exposure were estimated by proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for age and individual data on tobacco-smoking.Results: Men exposed to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) (HR 1.46, CI 1.13–1.90), gypsum and insulation material (HR 1.56, CI 1.18–2.05), diesel exhaust (HR 1.18, CI 0.99–1.41) and high levels of particles from asphalt/ bitumen (HR 1.71, CI 1.06–2.76) as well as welding fumes (HR 1.57, CI 1.12–2.21) had an increased smoking- adjusted risk for developing COPD. An increased risk was also observed among women highly exposed to various organic particles from soil, leather, plastic, soot, animal, textile, flour (HR 1.53, CI 1.15–2.04). Furthermore, a significant positive exposure-response trend was found among men exposed to RCS, iron dust, gypsum and insulation material, and diesel exhaust. A tendency towards an exposure-response relationship was also seen among both men and women exposed to welding fumes and various organic particles, and among men exposed to particles from asphalt/bitumen. The population attributable fraction for COPD from occupational exposure to particles was 10.6% among men and 6.1% among women.Conclusions: This study indicates an increased smoking-adjusted risk of developing of COPD due to occupational exposure to particles. A positive exposure-response relationship was found for RCS, gypsum and insulation, diesel exhaust, and welding fumes. Also, exposure to high levels of asphalt/bitumen and various organic particles was associated with a higher risk for COPD. Reduction of these exposures in the work environment are important to prevent future cases of COPD. More studies are needed to investigate exposure-response relationships further, but this study indicates that the European occupational exposure limit (OEL) for RCS needs to be re-evaluated.
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| 11. |
- Lundell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling OSS usage through procurement projects : How can lock-in effects be avoided?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Open Source Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030752507 - 9783030752538 - 9783030752514 ; , s. 16-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formulation of mandatory requirements in procurement projects has significant influence on opportunities for development and deployment of Open Source Software (OSS). The paper contributes insights on a widespread practice amongst public procurement projects which causes problematic lock-in effects and thereby inhibits opportunities for use of OSS solutions. Through a systematic investigation of 30 randomly selected procurement projects in the software domain the paper highlights illustrative examples of mandatory requirements which cause lock-in and presents five recommendations for how requirements instead should be formulated in order to avoid causing lock-in. Findings show significant lock-in caused by current procurement practices with a stark preference for proprietary software and SaaS solutions amongst procuring organisations.
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| 12. |
- Lundell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Half a step behind – bulk disclosure of confidential data in third-party GenAI solutions under the Swedish Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act
- 2024
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Ingår i: Digital Government: Research and Practice. - : ACM Digital Library. - 2691-199X .- 2639-0175.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technological progress poses unique challenges for the public sector. New technology should be adopted, but it must always be done within the framework of good administration. It follows laws governing public administration must be continuously adapted. Sweden recently amended its secrecy legislation to facilitate the use of third-party cloud solutions by public authorities. When the amendment was enacted, most public sector organisations had already been using external cloud solutions for a long time. Today, there is as much pressure on authorities to implement AI technology as there ever was to move administration into the cloud. This paper uses traditional legal methodology to investigate if the Swedish secrecy legislation adequately enables the use of cloud-based GenAI solutions. Findings indicate that the recent amendment is likely insufficient and that there are significant practical hurdles for the application of the law, particularly with services from global cloud providers. The paper contributes to the understanding of Swedish law, and of the difficulties that can occur anywhere when policy makers and legislators do not move in tandem.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Nyberg, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Extreme friction reductions during inital running-in of W-S-C-Ti low-friction coatings
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 302:1-2 SI, s. 987-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The disulphides of tungsten and molybdenum are known for their low friction properties when used as solid lubricants. Due to their low hardness, their load bearing capacity when used as thin films is poor. When carbon is added to a WS2 coating, both of these shortcomings are improved, and a structure consisting of nanocrystals of WS2, and possibly tungsten carbide, in a matrix of amorphous carbon is formed. In this study, an attempt is made for further increasing the hardness of such coatings, by addition of Ti, a strong carbide former. A number of W–S–C(–Ti) coatings were deposited using magnetron co-sputtering, and characterised with regard to chemical composition, structure and tribological properties. It was seen that addition of Ti significantly increased the hardness of the coatings, while maintaining their excellent low friction properties in dry atmosphere. However, the coatings with Ti showed extremely high initial friction, a feature not seen for the coatings without Ti. The mechanisms behind this running-in behaviour were investigated by studying surfaces at early stages of wear. It was observed that tribofilms formed during sliding for the coatings containing Ti consisted mainly of TiO2, with platelets of WS2 appearing in the contact only after prolonged sliding. For the pure W–S–C coatings, WS2 was observed in the sliding interface almost instantly at the onset of sliding.
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| 15. |
- Sundberg, Jill, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Ti addition on the structure and properties of low-friction W–S–C coatings
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 232, s. 340-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal dichalcogenides, such as WS2 and MoS2, are known for their layered structure and lubricating properties. When deposited as thin coatings, however, their use as solid lubricants is limited by their low hardness and load-bearing capacity. The addition of another element, such as carbon, can improve the mechanical properties, although the hardness of for example W-S-C coatings is still rather low. In this work, Ti has been added to W-S-C coatings in order to further increase the hardness by carbide formation. W-S-C and W-S-C-Ti coatings were deposited by non-reactive magnetron sputtering, and characterized with regard to composition, structure and mechanical and tribological properties. It was found that the addition of Ti leads to the formation of a new carbide phase, and a significant increase in hardness for coatings with moderate carbon contents. The friction properties of W-S-C-Ti coatings were found to be comparable to that of W-S-C coatings, with friction coefficients down to mu approximate to 0.02 and similar wear rates against steel in a dry atmosphere. Formation of WS2 in the wear track of W-S-C-Ti was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. It has thus been shown that the addition of Ti to W-S-C coatings can increase the hardness, while still maintaining WS2 lubrication.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Ahmad, Muhammad Ovais, Associate Professor/Lektor, et al.
(författare)
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Customised Roles in Scrum Teams for the Development of Secure Solution
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 49th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9798350342352 - 9798350342369 ; , s. 362-369
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research paper examines the implementation and impact of customised roles in large-scale agile software development teams, specifically within the Scrum framework. This is a single case study based on 15 practitioners’ interviews from a Swedish software company to review the dynamics of role customisation. The two customised roles of Product Guardians and Security Masters are crucial for addressing complex secure software development, maintaining product quality and security, and fostering team self-organisation. The study also uncovers challenges associated with role customisation, such as the potential overburdening of individuals and disruption of self-organisation. The findings contribute to the discourse on agile methods' adaptability and provide practical insights for organisations considering similar role customisations. Furthermore, the research opens the door for future exploration of organization-wide roles that promote self-organisation.
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| 21. |
- Ahmad, Muhammad Ovais, Associate Professor/Lektor, et al.
(författare)
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Nexus Between Psychological Safety and Non-Technical Debt in Large-Scale Agile Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Development
- 2024
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Ingår i: Software, System, and Service Engineering. - : Springer. - 9783031510755 - 9783031510748 ; , s. 63-81
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological safety, a pivotal factor in team dynamics, has been proposed as a crucial determinant of success in agile software development (ASD) teams and learning. However, the extent of its influence within the domain of large-scale agile (LSA) software development teams remains underexplored. This research investigates the multifaceted dimensions of psychological safety within LSA teams, examining both its precursors and outcomes. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with software professionals actively involved in LSA projects within a Swedish software consultancy company. The findings underscore the intricate nature of establishing a psychologically safe environment within LSA teams, revealing it as a multidimensional construct necessitating a proactive leadership approach, fostering open communication, and cultivating an ecosystem of constructive feedback. The study highlights the critical importance of intentionally shaping teams to facilitate continuous learning, ensuring remuneration safety, and implementing a comprehensive onboarding process for incoming team members. By fostering psychologically safe settings, LSA teams enhanced teamwork dynamics, heightened job satisfaction, and facilitation continuous learning and development. Notably, the absence of such an environment exacerbates the phenomenon of brain drain, exposing the tangible consequences of overlooking this fundamental aspect of organizational culture. This study proposes avenues for future research directions, aiming to further unravel the nuances of psychological safety and its cascading effects within the realm of contemporary LSA software development context.
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| 22. |
- Ahmad, Muhammad Ovais, Associate Professor/Lektor, et al.
(författare)
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The Pandora's box of social, process, and people debts in software engineering
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Software. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-7473 .- 2047-7481. ; 36:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In software engineering, technical debt (TD) has been widely investigated, but debt regarding social issues, people, and processes has not been explored as much. It should be noted here that we use nontechnical debt (NTD) as an umbrella term to cover social, process, and people debts. Although the number of studies on NTD in software is increasing, the majority of them are descriptive rather than rigorous, and there is no systematic development of cumulative knowledge. As a result, identifying the fundamental causes of NTD and the associated mitigation techniques in software engineering is challenging. Therefore, this study investigates the scientific evidence regarding NTD till date by conducting a systematic mapping review of software engineering research between January 2000 and October 2021. The search strategy resulted in 175 studies, 17 of which were identified as unique and relevant primary papers. The primary studies show that NTD and TD are inextricably linked. In addition, this study also captured a plethora of causes and mitigation strategies for managing NTD and thus makes four important contributions: (i) highlighting state-of-the-art NTD research; (ii) identification of the reported causes and mitigation strategies in the primary papers; and (iii) determination of opportunities for future NTD research.
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| 23. |
- Almroth, Melody, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Labour market exit routes in high- and low-educated older workers before and after social insurance and retirement policy reforms in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few previous studies have investigated how socioeconomic differences in labour market exit have changed after restrictions in social insurance policies. The aim of this register-based study is to investigate how early labour market exit pathways among older men and women with different levels of education changed after major restrictive social insurance and retirement policy reforms in Sweden. Cohort 1 (pre-reform) consisted of individuals who were 60 or 61 years old in 2005 (N = 186,145) and Cohort 2 (post-reform) consisted of individuals who were 60 or 61 years old in 2012 (N = 176,216). Educational differences in four labour market exit pathways were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression; the exit pathways were disability pension, early old-age pension with and without income respectively, and no income for two consecutive years. As expected, exits through disability pension were rarer in Cohort 2. Lower education was also more strongly associated with disability pension in Cohort 2. Parallel to this, lower education showed a stronger association with both early old-age pension types in Cohort 2. Additionally, a tendency towards a relatively higher likelihood of earning no income was seen among the less educated. Increases in inequalities tended to be greater for women. Our results indicate that educational inequalities in labour market exit have grown significantly after restrictions in social insurance and changes in retirement policies, which can have negative financial repercussions for those already in a vulnerable position. These results indicate that careful analyses of effects on disparities are needed before making major changes in welfare systems.
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| 24. |
- Althoff, Karin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Combined segmentation and tracking of neural stem-cells
- 2005
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. ; 3540, s. 282-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyze neural stem/progenitor cells in an time-lapse image sequence. By using information about the previous positions of the cells, we are able to make a. better selection of possible cells out of a collection of blob-like objects. As a blob detector we use Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filters at multiple scales, and the cell contours of the selected cells are segmented using dynamic programming. After the segmentation process the cells are tracked in the sequence using a. combined nearest-neighbor and correlation matching technique. An evaluation of the system show that 95% of the cells were correctly segmented and tracked between consecutive frames.
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| 25. |
- Althoff, Karin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking Contrast in Echocardiography by a Combined Snake and Optical Flow Technique
- 2000
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Ingår i: IEEE Conf. on Computers in Cardiology. ; 27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contrast-echocardiography in conjunction with real-time video-densiometry can be an effective means of studying right ventricular (RV) structural changes, e.g. in patients diagnosed with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD). In order to characterize RV flow pattern it may be necessary to track the front of the contrast agent as it enters the RV. Active contour models (ACM) is a standard image analysis method,which can be applied to time-dynamic tracking problem.To improve tracking speed we extended the formulationof ACM by including an additional force, derived fromthe optical flow field, another standard image analysisalgorithm. This reduced the number of iterations needed to find the front of the contrast agent significantly. Also the changes in intensity of the contrast agent over time were studied. Two groups were compared, one with30 patients diagnosed with ARVD and one with 18healthy volunteers. Our study shows that that using our suggested method (calculating wash-in and wash-out time indices) it is possible to discriminate between thetwo groups.
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| 26. |
- Anderson, Nils-Eric, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Storsatsning på Hantverkskunnandet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Byggindustrin 2012-08-22. - 1104-5981.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Certifiering gesäll- och mästarbrev för murare finns med i en satsning ned syfte att stärka hantverkarrollen på mur- och putsområdet. Detta skulle kunna stå modell för liknande arbetet på andra håll inom byggsektorn, anser byggnadskonstruktören Tomas Gustavsson och lektorn Nils-Eric Anderson
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| 27. |
- Andersson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Echogenecity of the carotid intima-media complex is related to cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation The Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 204:2, s. 612-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), measured by ultrasound, is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Since presence of echolucent plaques increases the risk further, we investigated if echogenecity of the carotid intima-media complex is related to markers of cardiovascular risk. Our aim was therefore to investigate if intima-media echogenecity is related to cardiovascular risk factors, or to markers of inflammation and oxidation in an exploratory investigation. Methods: The PIVUS cohort study is an observational study of 1016 (509 women and 507 men) randomly chosen individuals aged 70 living in Uppsala, Sweden. Carotid artery ultrasound measurements were performed. IMT and the grey scale median (GSM) value were calculated in the intima-media complex (IM-GSM) in the far wall of the common carotid artery. Traditional risk factors were evaluated together with indices of oxidative stress and inflammation. Results: In the multiple regression analysis, HDL-cholesterol, body mass index, conjugated diens, glutathione, e-selectin and TNF alfa were significantly related to IM-GSM. IMT was independently related to blood pressure, smoking and body mass index. Conclusion: The echolucency of the carotid intima-media was related to several cardiovascular risk factors not related to IMT, such as dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Since the echogenecity of the carotid intima-media complex was related to different risk factors compared to carotid IMT, it is worthwhile to further explore the usefulness of this new marker of the vascular wall. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 28. |
- Andersson, J., et al.
(författare)
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The Carotid Artery Plaque Size and Echogenicity are Related to Different Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Elderly
- 2009
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Ingår i: Lipids. - : Wiley. - 0024-4201 .- 1558-9307. ; 44:5, s. 397-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carotid plaques can be characterised by ultrasound by size and echogenicity. Both size and echogenicity are predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to examine whether traditional risk factors and markers of inflammation and oxidation were associated with plaque size and echogenicity. Computerised analysis of carotid plaque size and echogenicity (grey scale median, GSM) were performed by ultrasound in a population-based health survey in 1,016 subjects aged 70 years (PIVUS study). Information on cardiovascular risk factors was collected, together with markers of inflammation and oxidation. Increased Framingham risk score, systolic blood pressure, higher BMI and decreased HDL, lower glutathione levels were related to echolucent plaques. Previous or present smoking was common with significantly more pack-years related to the echorich plaques. Plaque size was associated with increased Framingham risk score, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose levels, smoking, ApoB/A1 ratio, OxLDL, TNF alpha, HOMA insulin resistance, leucocyte count, decreased BCD-LDL and low levels of l-selectin. Low HDL, increased BMI and decreased glutathione levels were associated with the echolucency of carotid plaques, implying metabolic factors to play a role for plaque composition. Markers of inflammation were related to plaque size alone, implying inflammation to be predominantly associated with the amount of atherosclerosis. These results suggest that plaque size and echogenicity are influenced by different risk factors.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Urban, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Författaridentifikatorer och publiceringsdatabaser – scenarier och utvecklingsmöjligheter
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet är att ge underlag för att införa författaridentifikatorer i svenska tjänster och system inom vetenskaplig kommunikation. ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) är en internationell de-facto standard under uppbyggnad med många viktiga aktörer involverade. Implementering av ORCID kräver samverkan mellan flera aktörer, både nationellt och på lärosätena. Projektgruppen lämnar ett antal rekommendationer baserade på de uppgifter som redovisas i rapporten.
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| 31. |
- Balk, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiaminedependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Bjornsdottir, Gudlaug, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal changes in size and composition of carotid artery plaques using ultrasound: Adaptation and validation of methods (inter-and intraobserver variability)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal for Vascular Ultrasound. - : SAGE Publications. - 1544-3175 .- 1544-3167. ; 38:4, s. 198-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction.—B-mode ultrasonography of the carotid arteries enables quantitative measurements of atherosclerotic plaque area and composition assessed as grayscale median (GSM). The purpose of this study was to set up a standardized ultrasound protocol to measure longitudinal changes in plaque area and composition and to determine the intra-and interobserver variability of the measurements in a longitudinal population based study, the Age Gene/ Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik study. Method.—A total of 219 participants from the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik study (76 ± 6 years old, 36% males) underwent 2-dimensional, B-mode ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries approximately 5 years apart for a longitudinal assessment of plaque area and composition. Standardized protocol was used to acquire comparable images from both visits. Ultrasound was performed bilaterally on the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and bifurcation. An image analysis program was modified and adapted for a longitudinal assessment of plaque area and plaque composition by GSM. Twenty-five subjects were selected from the group of 219 for intra-and interobserver variability assessment. Results.—Intraobserver variability for plaque area ranged from 12.10 to 18.63% and 0.89 to 0.96 for coefficient of variation and correlation (r), respectively, for plaque GSM ranged from 7.77 to 8.04% and 0.86 to 0.90. Interobserver variability for plaque area was 23.29% and 0.81 and 8.55% and 0.87 for plaque GSM. Conclusion.—The results from this study show that ultrasound can be used consistently for assessment of changes in plaque area and GSM over time. This can be achieved by proper training of ultrasound sonographers and by applying and following strict image acquisition and image analysis protocols.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bodin, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Precarious Employment in Sweden 1992–2017 : A Social Determinant of Health
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify trends in precarious employment in the Swedish workforce from 1992 to 2017. This is a repeated cross-sectional study, analyzing the total working population aged 16–75 in Sweden at five-year intervals. We used version 2.0 of the Swedish Register-based Operationalization of Precarious Employment, covering the following dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, lack of rights and protection. The proportion in precarious employment increased from 9.7 to 12% between 1992 and 2017, a relative increase of 24%. The prevalence was higher among those of lower age, of low education, and immigrants. Differences between sexes converged, and there were slightly more precarious men than women in 2017. The relative increase was most pronounced among men, especially those with low educational attainment and of European origin. The increasing proportion of precarious employees is a clear challenge to the tripartite Nordic model, which requires sufficient trade-union bargaining power.
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| 38. |
- Borgegard, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimers Disease: Presenilin 2-Sparing gamma-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable A beta Peptide-Lowering Strategy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - : Society for Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- gamma-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid beta (A beta) peptide production in Alzheimers disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of gamma-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between A beta production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1(PS1) over PS2 subclass of gamma-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain A beta levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious gamma-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
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| 39. |
- Borgegård, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer's Disease : Presenilin 2-Sparing γ-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable Aβ Peptide-Lowering Strategy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- γ-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid β (Aβ) peptide production in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of γ-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The γ-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between Aβ production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1 (PS1) over PS2 subclass of γ-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain Aβ levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious γ-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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An Investigation of Work Practices Used by Companies Making Contributions to Established OSS Projects
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICSE-SEIP '18 Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450356596 ; , s. 201-210
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professionals contribute to open source software (OSS) projects aspart of their employment. Previous research has addressed motivationsof individuals and the ways they engage with OSS projects.However, there is a lack of research which examines and explainswork practices used by companies in their engagement with projects.Work practices used by companies to contribute to five establishedOSS projects are investigated through examination of the actions ofemployees in public communication channels and draw on our experienceswhen analysing engagement with the same projects. Wefind that companies utilise work practices for contributing whichare congruent with the circumstances and their capabilities thatsupport their short and long term needs. We find that companiescontribute to OSS projects in different ways, such as employing coreproject developers, making donations, and joining project steeringcommittees in order to advance strategic interests.
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| 42. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and challenges for the adoption of open source components in software-intensive businesses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Component-Based Software Development is a conventional way of working for software-intensive businesses and OpenSource Software (OSS) components are frequently considered by businesses for adoption and inclusion in softwareproducts. Previous research has found a variety of practices used to support the adoption of OSS components, in-cluding formally specified processes and less formal, developer-led approaches, and that the practices used continue todevelop. Evolutionary pressures identified include the proliferation of available OSS components and increases in thepace of software development as businesses move towards continuous integration and delivery. We investigate workpractices used in six software-intensive businesses in the primary and secondary software sectors to understand currentapproaches to OSS component adoption and the challenges businesses face establishing effective work practices to eval-uate OSS components. We find businesses have established processes for evaluating OSS components and communitiesthat support more complex and nuanced considerations of the cost and risks of component adoption alongside matterssuch as licence compliance and functional requirements. We also found that the increasing pace and volume of softwaredevelopment within some businesses provides pressure to continue to evolve software evaluation processes.
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| 43. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Maintaining interoperability in open source software : A case study of the Apache PDFBox project
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software interoperability is commonly achieved through the implementation of standards for communication protocols or data representation formats. Standards documents are often complex, difficult to interpret, and may contain errors and inconsistencies, which can lead to differing interpretations and implementations that inhibit interoperability. Through a case study of two years of activity in the Apache PDFBox project we examine day-to-day decisions made concerning implementation of the PDF specifications and standards in a community open source software (OSS) project. Thematic analysis is used to identify semantic themes describing the context of observed decisions concerning interoperability. Fundamental decision types are identified including emulation of the behaviour of dominant implementations and the extent to which to implement the PDF standards. Many factors influencing the decisions are related to the sustainability of the project itself, while other influences result from decisions made by external actors, including the developers of dependencies of PDFBox. This article contributes a fine grained perspective of decision-making about software interoperability by contributors to a community OSS project. The study identifies how decisions made support the continuing technical relevance of the software, and factors that motivate and constrain project activity.
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| 44. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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On business adoption and use of reproducible builds for open and closed source software
- 2023
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Ingår i: Software quality journal. - : Springer Nature Switzerland AG. - 0963-9314 .- 1573-1367. ; 31:3, s. 687-719
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reproducible builds (R-Bs) are software engineering practices that reliably create bit-for-bit identical binary executable files from specified source code. R-Bs are applied in someopen source software (OSS) projects and distributions to allow verification that the distrib-uted binary has been built from the released source code. The use of R-Bs has been advo-cated in software maintenance and R-Bs are applied in the development of some OSS secu-rity applications. Nonetheless, industry application of R-Bs appears limited, and we seekto understand whether awareness is low or if significant technical and business reasonsprevent wider adoption. Through interviews with software practitioners and business man-agers, this study explores the utility of applying R-Bs in businesses in the primary and sec-ondary software sectors and the business and technical reasons supporting their adoption.We find businesses use R-Bs in the safety-critical and security domains, and R-Bs are valu-able for traceability and support collaborative software development. We also found thatR-Bs are valued as engineering processes and are seen as a badge of software quality, butwithout a tangible value proposition. There are good engineering reasons to use R-Bs inindustrial software development, and the principle of establishing correspondence betweensource code and binary offers opportunities for the development of further applications.
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| 45. |
- Chai, Guocai, et al.
(författare)
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Microscopic and Nanoscopic Study on Subsurface Damage and Fatigue Crack Initiation During Very High Cycle Fatigue
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Fatigue. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; 83:2, s. 288-292
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Fish eye” is a typical phenomenon of fatigue crack initiation at a subsurface defect such as inclusion during very high cycle fatigue. The formation of a fine grained area and micro-debonding is believed to cause fatigue crack initiation. This paper provides a basic study on the formation of the fine grained area in a martensitic stainless steel during very high cycle fatigue using scanning electron microscopy, SEM, focused ion beam technique, FIB, electron backscatter diffraction, EBSD, and electron channeling contrast imaging, ECCI. The results show that the formation of a fine grained zone is a local behavior. The fine grained zone is very near the fatigue crack initiation origin. In the transversal direction (cross section), the depth of the fine grained zone is only few micrometers. In the longitudinal direction (crack propagation direction), the depth of the fine grain zone is about one micrometer. ECCI analysis shows that in the fine grained area with high retained strain, high plastic deformation can be found. Dislocation slip bands can be observed. They interact with grain boundaries and cause the formation of damage due to impingement cracking. The results indicate that occurrence of plastic deformation in metallic material during very high cycle fatigue is very localized, mainly near the front of the crack tip or a defect.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Degerman, Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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An automatic system for in vitro cell migration studies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Microscopy. - : Wiley. - 0022-2720 .- 1365-2818. ; 233:1, s. 178-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a system for in vitro cell migration analysis. Adult neural stem/progenitor cells are studied using time-lapse bright-field microscopy and thereafter stained immunohistochemically to find and distinguish undifferentiated glial progenitor cells and cells having differentiated into type-1 or type-2 astrocytes. The cells are automatically segmented and tracked through the time-lapse sequence. An extension to the Chan-Vese Level Set segmentation algorithm, including two new terms for specialized growing and pruning, made it possible to resolve clustered cells, and reduced the tracking error by 65%. We used a custom-built manual correction module to form a ground truth used as a reference for tracked cells that could be identified from the fluorescence staining. On average, the tracks were correct 95% of the time, using our new segmentation. The tracking, or association of segmented cells, was performed using a 2-state Hidden Markov Model describing the random behaviour of the cells. By re-estimating the motion model to conform with the segmented data we managed to reduce the number of tracking parameters to essentially only one. Upon characterization of the cell migration by the HMM state occupation function, it was found that glial progenitor cells were moving randomly 2/3 of the time, while the type-2 astrocytes showed a directed movement 2/3 of the time. This finding indicates possibilities for cell-type specific identification and cell sorting of live cells based on specific movement patterns in individual cell populations, which would have valuable applications in neurobiological research.
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