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Sökning: WFRF:(Häggmark Svensson Tobias)

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1.
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2.
  • Elofsson, Katarina, et al. (författare)
  • Så bör viltskadorna ersättas
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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3.
  • Elofsson, Katarina, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of lynx and wolf on roe deer hunting benefits in Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1432-847X .- 1867-383X. ; 23, s. 683-719
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large carnivores provide ecosystem and cultural benefits but also impose costs on hunters due to the competition for game. The aim of this paper was to identify the marginal impact of lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on the harvest of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Sweden and the value of this impact. We applied a production function approach, using a bioeconomic model where the annual number of roe deer harvested was assumed to be determined by hunting effort, abundance of predators, availability of other game, and winter severity. The impact of the predators on the roe deer harvests was estimated econometrically, and carnivore marginal impacts were derived. The results showed that if the roe deer resource was harvested under open access, the marginal cost in terms of hunting values foregone varied between different counties, and ranged between 18,000 and 58,000 EUR for an additional lynx family, and 79,000 and 336,000 EUR for an additional wolf individual. Larger marginal costs of the wolf, in terms of the impact on roe deer hunting, were found in counties where the hunting effort was high and the abundance of moose (Alces alces) was low. If instead, hunters could exert private property rights to the resource, the average marginal cost was about 20% lower than it would have been if there was open access, and the difference in wolf impact between counties with high and low moose density was smaller. Together, results suggest that the current plan for expanding the wolf population in south Sweden can be associated with a substantial cost.
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4.
  • Elofsson, Katarina, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of lynx and wolf on roe deer huntingvalue in Sweden 2002-2012
  • 2019
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large carnivores provide ecosystem and cultural benefits but also impose costs on livestock owners, due to predation, and on hunters, due to the competition for game. The benefits as well as the costs that accrue to livestock owners have been studied, but this is not the case for the costs that accrue to hunters. The aim of this paper was to identify the impact of lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) hunting value. We applied a production function approach, using a bioeconomic model where the number of roe deer harvested was assumed to be jointly determined by hunting effort, abundance of predators, availability of other game, and climatic conditions. The impact of the predators on the roe deer harvests was estimated econometrically, and carnivore impacts for a constant and adjusted, steady state hunting effort were derived. The results showed that the marginal cost in terms of hunting values foregone varied between the counties and ranged between 18,000 and 58,000 EUR for lynx and 79,000 and 336,000 EUR for wolf. Larger costs were found in counties where the hunting effort was high, mainly located in south Sweden. The regional variation in costs has implications for decisions on policies affecting the regional distribution of wolf and lynx.
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5.
  • Gren, Ing-Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Economics of wildlife management-an overview
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 64:2
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study makes an explorative overview on two main research topics in economics of wildlife management: determination of population sizes and policy design. The results point out a large and comprehensive research on each of these issues, in particular on the estimation of values and costs of wildlife, where this information is necessary for the determination of population size. A drawback is that most of the value and cost studies do not relate their estimates to wildlife population size, which limits their usability for efficient policy design. Most valuation studies estimate the recreational value of hunting, which can range between 13 and 545 USD/hunting day (in 2013 prices), and two thirds of the included studies have been applied to wildlife in the USA. A majority of the studies on the costs of wildlife management calculate losses from carnivore predation on livestock and ungulate damage to crops, while a few consider dispersal of diseases and the cost of traffic collisions. Unlike valuation studies, several of the cost estimates apply to wildlife in developing and emerging economies. With respect to policy design the literature, which is mainly theoretical, suggests economic incentives for conflict resolution, where those suffering from wildlife damages are compensated for their losses. However, there are some issues which remain to be addressed by economists: relating costs and benefits to wildlife populations; estimating values and costs of wildlife in developing countries; evaluating wildlife policies in practice; addressing implications of uncertainty in population size, costs, and benefits for policy design; and estimating transaction costs for implementation and enforcement of wildlife policies.
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6.
  • Gren, Ing-Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Using traffic data to estimate wildlife populations
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Bioeconomics. - : Springer. - 1387-6996 .- 1573-6989. ; 18:1, s. 17-31
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wildlife populations are threatened worldwide by, among others, habitat fragmentation and hunting pressure. An important impediment for the large scale, national and regional, management of the populations is the difficulty to quantify population dynamics. The purpose of this study is to present a tool for such estimations which is based on available data in several countries; traffic load and traffic accidents with wildlife. An econometric model is developed, which accounts for landscape characteristics. It is applied to wild boar in Sweden, for which data on traffic load and accidents for different counties and years are available. Landscape characteristics are introduced with direct or indirect effects on population growth. The indirect landscape model gives the best statistical performance, and the results show relatively small differences in calculated intrinsic growth rate among counties but considerable differences in predicted population developments.
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7.
  • Hasler, Berit, et al. (författare)
  • Farmers’ preferences for nutrient and climate-related agri-environmental schemes : A cross-country comparison
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:11, s. 1290-1303
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We use data from a survey of 2439 farmers in 5 countries around the Baltic Sea (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Poland and Sweden) to investigate their preferences for adopting agricultural practices aimed at reducing nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. The measures considered are set-aside, catch crops and reduced fertilization. Contracts vary with respect to the area enrolled, contract length, possibility of premature termination, availability of professional advice and compensation. We quantitatively describe farmers’ preferences in terms of their willingness-to-accept compensation for specific attributes of these contracts, if implemented. The results vary substantially between farm types (farmers’ characteristics) and between the 5 countries, and support differentiation of contract obligations and payments to improve the uptake of AgriEnvironmental Schemes. The results can be readily used to improve the design of country-specific nutrient reduction policies, in accordance with the next Common Agricultural Policy.
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8.
  • Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • A review of the literature on benefits, costs, and policies for wildlife management
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Wildlife management is a source of conflict in many countries because of the asymmetric allocation of benefits and costs among stakeholders. A review of studies on benefits, costs, and policies shows most valuation studies estimate recreational values of hunting, which can range between 13 and 545 USD/hunting day (in 2013 prices). A majority of the studies on costs calculate losses from livestock predation and crop destruction, and show that they can correspond to 40% of profits in the agricultural sector in wildlife rich regions in the US. Most of the studies are carried out for animals in developed economies, in particular in the US. This is in contrast to studies on costs of wildlife, which to a large extent are born by farmers neighboring national parks in developing and emerging economies. However, a common feature of both valuation and cost studies is the exclusion of several costs and benefits items and of indirect effects in the economies, which can be considerable for economies with high reliance on tourism and agriculture sectors. With respect to policy choice, the literature suggests economic incentives for conflict resolutions, where the winners from wildlife compensate the losses, but studies evaluating such policies in practice are lacking.
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9.
  • Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Costs of traffic accidents with wild boar populations in Sweden
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Traffic accidents with wild boar have increased rapidly over the last years in Sweden. This paper calculates and predicts costs of current and future accidents, totally and for different Swedish counties, based on estimates of wild boar populations. A logistic population model is assumed, and econometric methods are used for calculating populations with panel data on traffic accidents, traffic load, and landscape characteristics for each county. The results show an average growth rate of 0.48, which varies between 0.39 and 0.52for different counties. This, together with predictions on changes in traffic load, forms the basis for calculations of costs of traffic accidents for a 10 year period. In total, the predicted costs can increase from 60 million SEK in 2011 to 135 or 340 million SEK in 2021 in present value depending on hunting pressure. The variation in cost increases is, however, large among counties, increasing by tenfold in Stockholm and Södermanland where the wild boar populations are relatively small and by approximately 50% in counties with mature populations.
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10.
  • Häggmark Svensson, Tobias (författare)
  • Essays on water quality policies of the Baltic sea and technological innovation
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis contains four papers on the water quality of the Baltic Sea and technological innovation. The first paper examines the effect of environmental regulation aimed at reducing eutrophication on innovation in nitrogen and phosphorus management technology in the wastewater treatment sector and agricultural sector. Using patent statistics from Sweden over 1960 to 2015 as a measure of innovation, it is shown that increased environmental stringency has a positive effect on technological innovation in the wastewater treatment sector, but not in the agricultural sector. The second paper examines the ex-post cost-effectiveness of nitrogen load reductions to the Baltic Sea due to environmental regulation. Using a counterfactual approach, we estimate the total nitrogen reductions from 1996 to 2010 to be roughly 145,000 tons. Result from a cost-effectiveness model suggests this reduction could have been achieved at 12% of the realized cost. If the same budget had been used efficiently, nitrogen reductions could have been twice as large. The third paper uses data from a choice experiment over five Baltic Sea countries to analyze the effect of the distance to the coast and nitrogen retention on farmers’ compensation demand for agri-environmental schemes. The results suggest that the two spatial variables affect farmers’ compensation demand and, the effect depends on the spatial variation in production conditions within the countries. The results also show that providing higher compensation to farmers closer to the recipient is not always motivated, and by that, providing differentiated payments, the budgetary cost can be reduced. The final paper examines the development of environmental technological innovations in the private and public sectors, in six major countries from 1990 to 2014. The result from our decomposition framework shows a shift toward environmental technologies in general and energy-related technologies in particular. We attribute the shift in the private sector to changes in research priority, and increased scale of research activity. The growth in the public sector is attributed to increased efficiency of the research process.
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11.
  • Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Estimating the marginal impact of large carnivores on the hunting value of roe deer
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Hunting is an important recreational activity for large numbers of people. The roe deer is one of the most popular types of game in Sweden; however, recently the roe deer population has decreased. It is argued that this decrease is due to an increase in predator populations. The aim of this paper is to identify and compare the impact of lynxes and wolves on the hunting values of roe deer, taking into account that the impact depends on the hunting effort. The impact of the predators on the roe deer harvests is estimated econometrically, using a production function approach that accounts for the abundance of predators and the alternative prey, as well as the climatic conditions. The results show that the marginal cost of wolves is larger than that of additional lynx families in terms of their impact on the roe deer harvest values. The marginal costs of the predators vary with the hunter effort and the presence of alternative prey, which can have implications for policies affecting the regional allocation of the wolves and the lynxes.
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12.
  • Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • The drivers of private and public eco-innovations in six large countries
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 364
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the contributions to environmental innovation of the public sector and private sector, respectively, and to compare their determinants. We analyze the development over time of triadic patents, classified as environmental technological innovations, for six major patenting countries from 1990 to 2014. This is done using a factor decomposition analysis framework. The analysis is done at both country aggregate level, and for a set of specific technological topics: alternative energy production, energy conservation, agriculture and forestry, and waste management. Results indicate that there has been a shift at an aggregate level towards environmentally sustainable technologies. In the private sector, the shift can be attributed to changes in research priorities and an increased scale of R&D. In the public sector, increased patenting of environmentally sound technologies can be attributed to efficiency gains. The largest difference between the public and private sector is observed in R&D efficiency, where in the private sector, reductions in efficiency have contributed negatively to patent growth, whereas the opposite is true for the public sector. In both sectors, research focus has shifted towards energy-related technologies.
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13.
  • Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • The Ex-Post Cost-Effectiveness of Nitrogen Load Reductions From Nine Countries to the Baltic Sea Between 1996 and 2010
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Water resources research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 55:6, s. 5119-5134
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Policy efforts to improve Baltic Sea water quality will be expensive if the ambitious targets agreed are to be achieved. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ex-post cost-effectiveness of nitrogen load reductions to the Baltic Sea made between 1996 and 2010. We first calculate the counterfactual change in nitrogen load to the Baltic Sea and compare to observed loads. The costs of the net reductions are evaluated using a Baltic-wide cost-effectiveness model, which includes a wide set of nitrogen abatement measures in the littoral countries. Results show that the net nitrogen reductions achieved through environmental policy, about 145,000 tons total nitrogen, could have been obtained at 12% of the realized cost, through reallocation of abatement between countries. The total budget spent on abatement could, if used in a cost-effective manner, be sufficient for a doubling of the net nitrogen load reduction. Milestone targets, in combination with a compensation scheme between countries, could help to reduce policy costs. 
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14.
  • Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • The Impact of Water Quality Management Policies on Innovation in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Technology
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Water Economics and Policy. - : World Scientific. - 2382-624X .- 2382-6258. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study is to examine the effects on innovation of environmental regulations aimed at reducing eutrophication. We focus on innovations in nitrogen and phosphorus management technology in the wastewater treatment sector and the agricultural sector. Patent data from Sweden over a 50-year period is used as a measure of innovation. We estimate a negative binomial regression model in a reduced form and by the use of control-functions, taking into account environmental regulation as well as more general determinants of innovation. Our results suggest that increased regulation has induced innovation in the wastewater treatment sector, both in the long and short run. The short-run effect was estimated to 40-70% in the years immediately following the introduction of new environmental regulations. A corresponding effect could not be identified in the agricultural sector. The difference between the sectors is likely explained by differences in policy design, where performance standards are applied in the wastewater sector, while design standards and technology-specific subsidies dominate in the agricultural sector.
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