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1.
  • Almquist, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic factors and risk of thyroid cancer in the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can)
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 22:5, s. 743-751
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective  To investigate metabolic factors and their possible impact on risk of thyroid cancer. Methods  A prospective cohort study was conducted based on seven population-based cohorts in Norway, Austria, and Sweden, in the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can). Altogether 578,700 men and women with a mean age of 44.0 years at baseline were followed for on average 12.0 years. Relative risk of incident thyroid cancer was assessed by levels of BMI, blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and by a combined metabolic syndrome (MetS) score. Risk estimates were investigated for quintiles, and a z score distribution of exposures was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results  During follow-up, 255 women and 133 men were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. In women, there was an inverse association between glucose and thyroid cancer risk, with adjusted RR: 95% CI was 0.61 (0.41–0.90), p trend = 0.02 in the fifth versus the first quintile, and a positive association between BMI and thyroid cancer risk with a significant trend over quintiles. There was no association between the other metabolic factors, single or combined (Met-S), and thyroid cancer. Conclusion  In women, BMI was positively, while blood glucose levels were inversely, associated with thyroid cancer.
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2.
  • Belova, E., et al. (författare)
  • The dynamical background of polar mesosphere winter echoes from simultaneous EISCAT and ESRAD observations
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : European Geosciences Union. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 23:4, s. 1239-1247
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • On 30 October 2004 during a strong solar proton event, layers of enhanced backscatter from altitudes between 55 and 75km have been observed by both ESRAD (52MHz) and the EISCAT VHF (224MHz) radars. These echoes have earlier been termed Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes, PMWE. After considering the morphology of the layers and their relation to observed atmospheric waves, we conclude that the radars have likely seen the same phenomenon even though the radars' scattering volumes are located about 220km apart and that the most long-lasting layer is likely associated with wind-shear in an inertio-gravity wave. An ion-chemistry model is used to determine parameters necessary to relate wind-shear induced turbulent energy dissipation rates to radar backscatter. The model is verified by comparison with electron density profiles measured by the EISCAT VHF radar. Observed radar signal strengths are found to be 2-3 orders of magnitude stronger than the maximum which can be expected from neutral turbulence alone, assuming that previously published results relating radar signal scatter to turbulence parameters, and turbulence parameters to wind shear, are correct. The possibility remains that some additional or alternative mechanism may be involved in producing PMWE, such as layers of charged dust/smoke particles or large cluster ions.
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3.
  • Bjørge, Tone, et al. (författare)
  • BMI and weight changes and risk of obesity-related cancers : a pooled European cohort study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 48:6, s. 1872-1885
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers. Adult weight gain has been associated with increased cancer risk, but studies on timing and duration of adult weight gain are relatively scarce. We examined the impact of BMI (body mass index) and weight changes over time, as well as the timing and duration of excess weight, on obesity- and non-obesity-related cancers. METHODS: We pooled health data from six European cohorts and included 221 274 individuals with two or more height and weight measurements during 1972-2014. Several BMI and weight measures were constructed. Cancer cases were identified through linkage with national cancer registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) of cancer with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from time-dependent Cox-regression models. RESULTS: During follow-up, 27 881 cancer cases were diagnosed; 9761 were obesity-related. The HR of all obesity-related cancers increased with increasing BMI at first and last measurement, maximum BMI and longer duration of overweight (men only) and obesity. Participants who were overweight before age 40 years had an HR of obesity-related cancers of 1.16 (95% CI 1.02, 1.32) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.04, 1.27) in men and women, respectively, compared with those who were not overweight. The risk increase was particularly high for endometrial (70%), male renal-cell (58%) and male colon cancer (29%). No positive associations were seen for cancers not regarded as obesity-related. CONCLUSIONS: Adult weight gain was associated with increased risk of several major cancers. The degree, timing and duration of overweight and obesity also seemed to be important. Preventing weight gain may reduce the cancer risk.
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4.
  • Bjørge, Tone, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic risk factors and ovarian cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 40:6, s. 1667-1677
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: No studies have so far evaluated the impact of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as an entity on ovarian cancer risk. The authors aimed to examine the association between factors in the MetS, individually and combined, and risk of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS: Altogether, 290 000 women from Austria, Norway and Sweden were enrolled during 1974-2005, with measurements taken of height, weight, blood pressure and levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. Relative risks (RRs) of ovarian cancer were estimated using Cox regression for each MetS factor in quintiles and for standardized levels (z-scores), and for a composite z-score for the MetS. RRs were corrected for random error in measurements. RESULTS: During follow-up, 644 epithelial ovarian cancers and 388 deaths from ovarian cancer were identified. There was no overall association between MetS and ovarian cancer risk. Increasing levels of cholesterol [RR 1.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-2.29, per 1-U increment of z-score] and blood pressure (RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.12-2.86) conferred, however, increased risks of mucinous and endometrioid tumours, respectively. In women below the age of 50 years, there was increased risk of ovarian cancer mortality for MetS (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.00-2.30). Increasing levels of BMI (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01-1.37) conferred increased risk of ovarian cancer mortality in women above the age of 50 years. CONCLUSION: There was no overall association between MetS and ovarian cancer risk. However, increasing levels of cholesterol and blood pressure increased the risks of mucinous and endometrioid tumours, respectively. Increasing levels of BMI conferred an increased risk of ovarian cancer mortality in women above the age of 50 years.
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5.
  • Bjørge, Tone, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer in the me-can (metabolic syndrome and cancer) project.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 19:7, s. 1737-1745
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as an entity in relation to breast cancer risk, and results have been inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between MetS factors (individually and combined) and risk of breast cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS: Two hundred ninety thousand women from Austria, Norway, and Sweden were enrolled during 1974-2005, with measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, and levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Relative risks (RR) of breast cancer were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression for each MetS factor in quintiles and for standardized levels (z-scores) and for a composite z-score for the MetS. RESULTS: There were 4,862 incident cases of breast cancer and 633 deaths from breast cancer identified. In women below age 50, there was a decreased risk of incident cancer for the MetS (per 1-unit increment of z-score; RR, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.90) as well as for the individual factors (except for glucose). The lowest risks were seen among the heaviest women. In women above age 60, there was an increased risk of breast cancer mortality for the MetS (RR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.45) and for blood pressure and glucose. The strongest association with mortality was seen for increased glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The MetS was associated with a decreased risk of incident breast cancer in women below age 50 with high body mass index, and with an increased risk of breast cancer mortality in women above 60. IMPACT: Lifestyle interventions as recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention may be of value to prevent breast cancer mortality in postmenopausal women.
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6.
  • Borena, Wegene, et al. (författare)
  • A prospective study on metabolic risk factors and gallbladder cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer (Me-Can) collaborative study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2, s. e89368-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between metabolic risk factors (individually and in combination) and risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC).METHODS:The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden with data on 578,700 men and women. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to calculate relative risks of GBC by body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides as continuous standardised variables and their standardised sum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) z-score. The risk estimates were corrected for random error in measurements.RESULTS:During an average follow-up of 12.0 years (SD = 7.8), 184 primary gallbladder cancers were diagnosed. Relative risk of gallbladder cancer per unit increment of z-score adjusted for age, smoking status and BMI (except for BMI itself) and stratified by birth year, sex and sub-cohorts, was for BMI 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.11, 1.57) and blood glucose 1.76 (1.10, 2.85). Further analysis showed that the effect of BMI on GBC risk is larger among women in the premenopausal age group (1.84 (1.23, 2.78)) compared to those in the postmenopausal age group (1.29 (0.93, 1.79)). For the other metabolic factors no significant association was found (mid blood pressure 0.96 (0.71, 1.31), cholesterol 0.84 (0.66, 1.06) and serum triglycerides 1.16 (0.82, 1.64)). The relative risk per one unit increment of the MetS z-score was 1.37 (1.07, 1.73).CONCLUSION:This study showed that increasing BMI and impaired glucose metabolism pose a possible risk for gallbladder cancer. Beyond the individual factors, the results also showed that the metabolic syndrome as an entity presents a risk constellation for the occurrence of gallbladder cancer.
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7.
  • Borena, Wegene, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer in a prospective study of 578,700 adults
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Malden, MA : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:1, s. 193-200
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Initial studies have indicated diabetes and obesity to be risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma; but the association between other metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer (PLC) has not been investigated. The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria and Sweden with data on 578,700 subjects. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate relative risks (RRs) of PLC by body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides as continuous standardized variables (z-score with mean = 0 and standard deviation (SD) = 1) and their standardized sum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) z-score. RRs were corrected for random error in measurements. During an average follow-up of 12.0 years (SD = 7.8), 266 PLCs were diagnosed among cohort members. RR of liver cancer per unit increment of z-score adjusted for age, smoking status and BMI and stratified by birth year, sex and sub-cohorts, was for BMI 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.241.58), mid blood pressure 2.08 (0.954.73), blood glucose 2.13 (1.552.94) cholesterol 0.62 (0.510.76) and serum triglycerides 0.85 (0.651.10). The RR per one unit increment of the MetS z-score was 1.35 (1.121.61). BMI, glucose and a composite MetS score were positively and cholesterol negatively associated with risk of liver cancer.
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8.
  • Borena, Wegene, et al. (författare)
  • Serum triglycerides and cancer risk in the metabolic syndrome and cancer (Me-Can) collaborative study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 22:2, s. 291-299
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To assess the association between serum triglyceride levels and cancer risk. The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden; the current study included data on 257,585 men and 256,512 women. The mean age at study entry was 43.8 years for men and 44.2 years for women. The mean follow-up time was 13.4 years (SD = 8.5) for men and 11.9 years (SD = 7.2) for women. Excluding the first year of follow-up, 23,060 men and 15,686 women were diagnosed with cancer. Cox regression models were used to calculate relative risk (RR) of cancer for triglyceride levels in quintiles and as a continuous variable. RRs were corrected for random error by use of regression dilution ratio. Relative risk for top quintile versus bottom quintile of triglycerides of overall cancer was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.06-1.26) in men and 1.15 (1.05-1.27) in women. For specific cancers, significant increases for top quintile versus bottom quintile of triglycerides among men were found for cancers of the colon, respiratory tract, the kidney, melanoma and thyroid and among women, for respiratory, cervical, and non-melanoma skin cancers. Data from our study provided evidence for a possible role of serum triglycerides in cancer development.
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9.
  • Dalin, P., et al. (författare)
  • Studies of noctilucent clouds from the stratosphere during the SONC balloon-borne experiment in 2021
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 240
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • On the night 16–17 August 2021, a balloon-borne experiment called Stratospheric Observations of Noctilucent Clouds (SONC) was successfully performed. A big scientific balloon, having onboard three automated cameras for studies of noctilucent clouds (NLC), was launched to 32.7 km altitude from Esrange (northern Sweden). All three NLC cameras and electronics were completely operational in the stratosphere for more than 10 h at low temperatures of about −30 °C. Two wide angle cameras registered an extended NLC field of about 1700 km long in the twilight sky sector from the north-west to the north-east of Esrange. NLC were of a moderate brightness and were located at high latitudes between 68° and 71°N. The NLC field was located in a cold area (138–142 K) below the frost point temperature (145–148 K) in the mesopause region that was confirmed by Aura/MLS satellite and Esrange lidar measurements. The balloon-borne NLC measurements were accompanied by ground-based lidar and radar measurements. The latter have registered Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) in the same volume of the summer mesopause along with NLC observed from the stratosphere that has been performed for the first time above northern Scandinavia. We describe the technique and method of the NLC observation from the stratosphere as well as present the first scientific results of the SONC experiment. 
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10.
  • Edlinger, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Blood pressure and other metabolic syndrome factors and risk of brain tumour in the large population-based Me-Can cohort study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 30:2, s. 290-296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES:: Brain tumour has few established determinants. We assessed to which extent risk of brain tumour was related to metabolic syndrome factors in adults. METHODS:: In the Me-Can project, 580 000 individuals from Sweden, Austria, and Norway were followed for a median of 10 years after baseline measurement. Data on brain tumours were obtained from national cancer registries. The factors of metabolic syndrome (BMI, SBP and DBP, and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides), separately and combined, were analysed in quintiles and for transformed z-scores (mean transformed to 0 and standard deviation to 1). Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression models were used, with corrections for measurement error. RESULTS:: During follow-up, 1312 primary brain tumours were diagnosed, predominantly meningioma (n = 348) and high-grade glioma (n = 436). For meningioma, the hazard ratio was increased for z-scores of SBP [hazard ratio = 1.27 per unit standard deviation, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.57], of DBP (hazard ratio = 1.29, 95% CI 1.04-1.58), and of the combined metabolic syndrome score (hazard ratio = 1.31, 95% CI 1.11-1.54). An increased risk of high-grade glioma was found for DBP (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.50) and triglycerides (hazard ratio = 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.72). For both meningioma and high-grade glioma, the risk was more than double in the fifth quintiles of DBP compared to the lowest quintile. For meningioma this risk was even larger for SBP. CONCLUSION:: Increased blood pressure was associated with risk of brain tumours, especially of meningiomas.
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11.
  • Ekeberg, Jonas, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Soliton-induced spectrally uniform ion line power enhancements at the ionospheric F region peak
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Earth Planets and Space. - Tokyo : Terra scientific publishing company. - 1343-8832 .- 1880-5981. ; 64:7, s. 605-611
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) observations of spectrally uniform ion line power enhancements (SUIPE), where the up- and downshifted shoulder and the spectral valley between them are enhanced simultaneously and equally. We have identified 48 cases of this type of ion line enhancements in data from the EISCAT Svalbard radar taken during the International Polar Year (extending from March 2007 to the end of February 2008). The SUIPEs are observed at altitudes between 210 km and 280 km with a standard deviation of 9% of the average occurrence height 230 km. The power enhancements are one order of magnitude above the thermal level. The SUIPEs occur at the ionospheric F region peak with 85% of the cases located within 10 km of the peak. The occurrence shows a clear preference for magnetically disturbed conditions, with the likelihood of occurrence increasing with increasing K index. A majority of the events occur in the magnetic evening to pre-midnight sector.
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14.
  • Emanuelsson, Jonas, 1962, et al. (författare)
  • Questioning in the Classroom: Patterns of Interaction and Variation
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Paper presented as a part of the symposium Social Interactions and Language Use in Asian and Western Mathematics Classrooms, organised by D. Clarke at the EARLI conference in Amsterdam 2009.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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15.
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16.
  • Fritz, Josef, et al. (författare)
  • Insulin resistance measured by the triglyceride-glucose index and risk of obesity-related cancers : An epidemiological investigation in more than 500,000 individuals.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 37:15, s. 1552-1552
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: The role of insulin resistance as a mediator in the association of body mass index (BMI) with site-specific cancer risk has, to our knowledge, never been systematically quantified. We aimed to determine to what extent insulin resistance measured as the logarithmized triglyceride glucose product (TyG index) mediates the effect of BMI on risk of obesity-related cancers. Methods: A total of 510,471 individuals from six European cohorts with a mean age of 43.1 years were included in the study. We fitted Cox models, adjusted for relevant confounders, to investigate associations of TyG index with ten common obesity-related cancer sites, and quantified the proportion of the effect of BMI mediated through TyG index. Results: During a median follow-up of 17.2 years, 16 052 individuals developed obesity-related cancers. TyG index was associated with the risk of cancers of the kidney (hazard ratio (HR) per one standard deviation increase 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.20), liver (1.13, 1.04-1.23), pancreas (1.12, 1.06-1.19), colon (1.07, 1.03-1.10), and rectum (1.09, 1.04-1.14). Substantial proportions of the effect of BMI were mediated by TyG index for cancers of the pancreas (42%), rectum (34%), and colon (20%); smaller proportions for kidney (15%) and liver (11%); none for endometrium, ovary and breast (postmenopausal). Conclusions: In this pooled cohort study including more than 500,000 individuals, insulin resistance measured as the logarithmized triglyceride glucose product significantly mediated the effect of overweight and obesity on risk of cancers of the kidney, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum. In contrast, insulin resistance did not mediate the risk for cancers of the endometrium, ovary and breast. Our results confirm a promoting role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. Although often claimed, insulin resistance does not appear to connect excess body weight with cancers of the female reproductive organs.
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17.
  • Fritz, Josef, et al. (författare)
  • The triglyceride-glucose index as a measure of insulin resistance and risk of obesity-related cancers
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 49:1, s. 193-204
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The role of insulin resistance as a mediator in the association of body mass index (BMI) with site-specific cancer risk has, to our knowledge, never been systematically quantified.METHODS: Altogether 510 471 individuals from six European cohorts, with a mean age of 43.1 years, were included. We used the triglyceride glucose product (TyG index) as a surrogate measure for insulin resistance. We fitted Cox models, adjusted for relevant confounders, to investigate associations of TyG index with 10 common obesity-related cancers, and quantified the proportion of the effect of BMI mediated through TyG index on the log-transformed hazard ratio (HR) scale.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 17.2 years, 16 052 individuals developed obesity-related cancers. TyG index was associated with the risk of cancers of the kidney HR per one standard deviation increase 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.20], liver (1.13, 1.04 to 1.23), pancreas (1.12, 1.06 to 1.19), colon (1.07, 1.03 to 1.10) and rectum (1.09, 1.04 to 1.14). Substantial proportions of the effect of BMI were mediated by TyG index for cancers of the pancreas (42%), rectum (34%) and colon (20%); smaller proportions for kidney (15%) and liver (11%). Little or no mediation was observed for breast (postmenopausal), endometrial and ovarian cancer. Results were similar for males and females, except for pancreatic cancer where the proportions mediated were 20% and 91%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The TyG index was associated with increased risk of cancers of the digestive system and substantially mediated the effect of BMI, suggesting that insulin resistance plays a promoting role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers.
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18.
  • Hamfelt, Jesper, et al. (författare)
  • A passive Barkhausen noise sensor for low-power applications
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 2016 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467392204 ; , s. 280-284
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper proposes a passive Barkhausen noise sensor design suitable for low power applications. The sensor uses a permanent magnet and the relative motion between itself and a measured specimen instead of the conventional method that uses a fixed sensor and an alternating magnetic field. Since this novel design is passive, the sensor is well suited for low power applications and could potentially be used in e.g. A condition monitoring system integrated into a rolling element bearing. Proof of concept testing has been performed showing that the proposed sensor produces similar results as conventional Barkhausen noise sensors when applied to specimens being cyclically loaded until failure in a rotating bending rig. The results imply that material fatigue detection using the Barkhausen noise can be performed with the proposed sensor at a fraction of the energy cost compared to a conventional sensor. This warrants future research into the development of the proposed sensor, its advantages, disadvantages, and functionality
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19.
  • Häggström, Bodil, et al. (författare)
  • Survival and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings in north Sweden: effects of planting position and arginine phosphate addition
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 36, s. 423-433
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Forest regeneration by tree planting on harvested sites in the boreal forests of northern Europe is frequently preceded by site preparation to increase survival and growth of the seedlings. We studied whether a small addition of arginine phosphate (AP treatment) at the time of planting would further enhance the seedlings' early performance. Following two growth seasons, we investigated survival and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings on 11 locations between latitudes 61.1 degrees N and 67.1 degrees N in the boreal forest of northern Sweden. The planting positions of seedlings were on capped mounds and bare mineral soil following mechanical site preparation, and in non-prepared soil. We found that seedling survival following site preparation increased with AP treatment. On capped mounds, seedling survival was more variable and appeared more dependent on precipitation during the first month after planting than seedlings positioned in the mineral soil. The positive effect of AP treatment on seedling growth differed between sites and was more pronounced on sites with longer growing seasons. AP treatment had no significant effect on survival of seedlings planted in non-prepared soil, while the positive effect on growth was more pronounced at sites with higher fertility using this planting position.
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20.
  • Häggström, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Catalytic methanol synthesis via black liquor gasification
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 94:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biofuel production from gasified black liquor is an interesting route to decrease green house gas emissions. The only pressurised black liquor gasifier currently in pilot operation is located in Sweden. In this work, synthesis gas was taken online directly from this gasifier, purified from hydrocarbons and sulphur compounds and for the first time catalytically converted to methanol in a bench scale equipment. Methanol was successfully synthesised during 45 h in total and the space time yield of methanol produced at 25 bar pressure was 0.16-0.19 g methanol/(g catalyst h). The spent catalyst exposed to gas from the gasifier was slightly enriched in calcium and sodium at the inlet of the reactor and in boron and nickel at the outlet of the reactor. Calcium, sodium and boron likely stem from black liquor whereas nickel probably originates from the stainless steel in the equipment. A slight deactivation, reduced surface area and mesoporosity of the catalyst exposed to gas from the gasifier were observed but it was not possible to reveal the origin of the deactivation. In addition to water, the produced methanol contained traces of hydrocarbons up to C 4, ethanol and dimethyl ether. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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21.
  • Häggström, Christel, et al. (författare)
  • Competing risk analysis of metabolic factors and prostate cancer
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Men at risk of prostate cancer are also at risk of competing events but this has been ignored in most studies of metabolic aberrations and prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to assess probabilities of prostate cancer and prostate cancer death by use of competing risk analysis.Methods: In the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can), data on body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected from 285 040 men. Probabilities of prostate cancer, prostate cancer death and competing events, i.e. all-cause death or death from other causes, respectively, were calculated for men with normal (bottom 84%) and high (top 16%) levels of each metabolic factor and a composite score based on all metabolic factorsResults: During follow up, 5893 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 1013 men died of prostate cancer, and 26 328 men died of other causes. Men with high levels of metabolic factors had decreased probability of prostate cancer, similar probability of prostate cancer death, and increased probability of other causes of death compared to men with normal levels. After 1996, when prostate specific antigen was used for detection of prostate cancer, men up to 80 years with normal levels of metabolic factors had 13% probability of prostate cancer and 37% probability of death from all causes. For men with high levels of metabolic factors, corresponding probabilities were 12% and 47%.Conclusions: Men with metabolic aberrations had a decreased probability of prostate cancer but a substantially higher probability of death from all causes.
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22.
  • Häggström, Christel, et al. (författare)
  • Linear age-course effects on the associations between body mass index, triglycerides, and female breast and male liver cancer risk : An internal replication study of 800,000 individuals
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:1, s. 58-67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Apart from the consistently observed differential association between obesity and breast cancer risk by menopausal status, the associations between obesity and other metabolic imbalances with risks of cancers have not been systematically investigated across the age-course. We created two random 50–50% cohorts from six European cohorts comprising 813,927 individuals. In the “discovery cohort”, we used Cox regression with attained age as time-scale and tested interactions between body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, plasma glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, and attained age in relation to cancer risk. Results with a p-value below 0.05 were additionally tested in the “replication cohort” where a replicated result was considered evidence of a linear interaction with attained age. These findings were investigated by flexible parametric survival models for any age-plateaus in their shape of associations with cancer risk across age. Consistent with other studies, BMI was negatively related to breast cancer risk (n cases = 11,723) among younger (premenopausal) women. However, the association remained negative for several years after menopause and, although gradually weakening over age, the association became positive only at 62 years of age. This linear and positive age-interaction was also found for triglycerides and breast cancer, and for BMI and triglycerides in relation to liver cancer among men (n cases = 444). These findings are unlikely to be due to chance owing to the replication. The linear age-interactions in breast cancer may suggest an influence by other age-related factors than menopause; however, further investigation of age-related effect modifiers in both breast and liver cancer is needed.
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23.
  • Häggström, Christel, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic factors associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:2, s. e57475-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous studies have shown that obesity and hypertension are associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but less is known about the association to other metabolic factors. In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can) data on body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), blood pressure, and circulating levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected from 560,388 men and women in cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden. By use of Cox proportional hazard models, hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for separate and composite metabolic exposures. During a median follow-up of 10 years, 592 men and 263 women were diagnosed with RCC. Among men, we found an increased risk of RCC for BMI, highest vs. lowest quintile, (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.13-2.03), systolic blood pressure, (HR = 3.40, 95% CI 1.91-6.06), diastolic blood pressure, (HR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.85-5.99), glucose, (HR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.46-9.68), triglycerides, (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.00-3.21) and a composite score of these metabolic factors, (HR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.75-4.11). Among women we found an increased risk of RCC for BMI, highest vs. lowest quintile, (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.32-3.70) and the composite score, (HR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.12-4.68). High levels of the composite score were also associated with risk of death from RCC among both men and women. No multiplicative statistical or biological interactions between metabolic factors on risk of RCC were found. High levels of BMI, blood pressure, glucose and triglycerides among men and high BMI among women were associated with increased risk of RCC.
  •  
24.
  • Häggström, Christel, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic syndrome and risk of bladder cancer: prospective cohort study in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can)
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 128:8, s. 1890-1898
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There are little data on the putative association between factors in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk of bladder cancer. In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can), measurements of height, weight, blood pressure and circulating levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides had been collected from 578,700 subjects in cohorts in Norway, Austria, and Sweden. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate relative risks (RRs) of bladder cancer by exposures divided into quintiles, in categories according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and as a continuous standardized variable (z-score with mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1) for each separate component and its standardized sum, a composite MetS score. RRs were corrected for random error in measurements. During a mean follow-up of 11.7 years (SD = 7.6), 1,587 men and 327 women were diagnosed with bladder cancer. Significant associations with risk were found among men per one unit increment of z-score for blood pressure, RR 5 1.13 (95% CI 1.03-1.25), and the composite MetS score, RR = 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.18). Among women, glucose was nonsignificantly associated with risk, RR = 1.41 (95% CI 0.97-2.06). No statistically significant interactions were found between the components in the MetS in relation to bladder cancer risk. Hypertension and a composite MetS score were significantly but modestly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer among men and elevated glucose was associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk among women. Epidemiology
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25.
  • Häggström, Christel, et al. (författare)
  • Prostate Cancer, Prostate Cancer Death, and Death from Other Causes, Among Men with Metabolic Aberrations
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 25:6, s. 823-828
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Few previous studies of metabolic aberrations and prostate cancer risk have taken into account the fact that men with metabolic aberrations have an increased risk of death from causes other than prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to calculate, in a real-life scenario, the risk of prostate cancer diagnosis, prostate cancer death, and death from other causes.Methods: In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project, prospective data on body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected from 285,040 men. Risks of prostate cancer diagnosis, prostate cancer death, and death from other causes were calculated by use of competing risk analysis for men with normal (bottom 84%) and high (top 16%) levels of each factor, and a composite score.Results: During a mean follow-up period of 12 years, 5,893 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 1,013 died of prostate cancer, and 26,328 died of other causes. After 1996, when prostate-specific antigen testing was introduced, men up to age 80 years with normal metabolic levels had 13% risk of prostate cancer, 2% risk of prostate cancer death, and 30% risk of death from other causes, whereas men with metabolic aberrations had corresponding risks of 11%, 2%, and 44%.Conclusions: In contrast to recent studies using conventional survival analysis, in a real-world scenario taking risk of competing events into account, men with metabolic aberrations had lower risk of prostate cancer diagnosis, similar risk of prostate cancer death, and substantially higher risk of death from other causes compared with men who had normal metabolic levels.
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26.
  • Häggström, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Energy harvesting technologies for wireless sensors in rotating environments
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of 2014 IEEE 19th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2014). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781479948451
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using sensors to measure parameters of interest in rotating environments and communicating the measurements in real-time over wireless links, requires a reliable power source. In this paper, we have investigated the possibility to generate electric power locally by evaluating six different energy-harvesting technologies. The applicability of the technology is evaluated by several parameters that are important to the functionality in an industrial environment. All technologies are individually presented and evaluated, a concluding table is also summarizing the technologies strengths and weaknesses. To support the technology evaluation on a more theoretical level, simulations has been performed to strengthen our claims. Among the evaluated and simulated technologies, we found that the variable reluctancebased harvesting technology is the strongest candidate for further technology development for the considered use-case.
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27.
  • Häggström, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Interleaved Switch Harvesting on Inductor : Non-linear extraction, action and reaction
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 2016 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467392204 ; , s. 642-647
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The circuit presented in this paper provides increased transfer efficiency for the electric charge generated by a piezoelectric element to the storage device, it also enables a simplified active control circuitry required for switched harvesting solutions as the control transistors are referenced to ground. This is achieved by inverting the voltage potential across the piezoelectric element and thereby maintaining a higher voltage while extracting energy. The increased potential allows vibration harvesters to operate over a broader frequency range. For weakly coupled piezoelectric harvesters, the increased potential allows the electrical power output to be increased. In this paper, the circuit is simulated in SPICE using existing models of discrete components in conjunction with a model of a piezoelectric vibration harvester. The power output and mechanical behavior of the harvester using the presented circuit are compared to two existing technologies: Synchronous Switch Harvesting on Inductor (SSHI) and a full-wave rectifying bridge. The comparison demonstrates that the novel Interleaved Switch Harvesting on Inductor (ISHI) circuit outperforms state-of-the-art active harvesting solutions, e.g., SSHI, as a result of the decreased energy losses from diodes. In addition, the ISHI circuit requires fewer components than does the SSHI circuit and solves the floating transistor source issue that arises in SSHI implementations. To achieve the maximum power conversion efficiency, impedance matching is required, which can be achieved by controlling the voltage of the storage device
  •  
28.
  • Häggström, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Piezoelectric energy harvesting modeled with SPICE
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 2016 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467392204 ; , s. 654-659
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The generation of electricity from vibrations has attracted considerable attention over the past decade. For this purpose, a piezoelectric-type harvester tuned to resonate at a specific frequency is typically used. This paper proposes a SPICE model capable of modeling piezoelectric energy harvesters. The model is parametrized enabling simple introduction of relevant physical parameters. Underlying theory based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is presented and modeling simplifications are justified. The SPICE model is verified by comparison to examples for which analytical and experimental solutions has been published. The SPICE model is valid close to the analyzed mode center frequency and delivers results within 1% compared to experimental and analytical data. Furthermore, we also show that the harvester can be electrically tuned to match the excitation frequency. This makes it possible to maximize the power output for both linear and non-linear loads. The here presented model enables efficient analysis of harvester design and changes of harvesting conditions
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29.
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30.
  • Häggström-Nordin, Elisabet, et al. (författare)
  • "It's everywhere!" Thoughts and reflections about pornography among young people in Sweden
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20:4, s. 386-393
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pornography is one of the most sought-after topics on the Internet, and is easily available for anyone, including children and adolescents. At youth centres, nurse-midwives have noticed that young people have different kinds of questions about sexual practices compared with a few years ago. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of thoughts and reflections about pornography consumption, and its possible influence on sexual practices, among young women and men. The staff at a youth centre in a city in central Sweden asked the visitors if they had seen pornography and if they wanted to be interviewed about their experiences. Ten young women and eight men, aged 16-23 years, participated. In-depth interviews were performed and open-ended questions about pornography and sexuality were posed. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed according to grounded theory. The core category 'Living with the current sexual norm' depicted how pornography created sexual expectations and demands, for instance, to perform certain sexual acts. The informants expressed contradictory feelings towards pornography and felt that sexuality was separated from intimacy. A moral attitude was described and examples of stereotypic gender roles were given. To deal with the current sexual norm, informants had different individual handling strategies and attitudes to pornography, namely liberal, normalization, distance, feminist or conservative. Limitations of this study were the small sample size and that results from a qualitative research study cannot be generalized. The results contribute to an understanding of how pornographic material can influence young peoples' thoughts, reflections and sexual behaviour. This indicates the importance, for personnel at youth centres and schools, to discuss sexual behaviour and how sexuality is portrayed in pornographic material with young people.
  •  
31.
  • Häggström-Nordin, Elisabet, et al. (författare)
  • 'It's everywhere!' Young Swedish people's thoughts and reflections about pornography
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20:4, s. 386-393
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pornography is one of the most sought-after topics on the Internet, and is easily available for anyone, including children and adolescents. At youth centres, nurse-midwives have noticed that young people have different kinds of questions about sexual practices compared with a few years ago. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of thoughts and reflections about pornography consumption, and its possible influence on sexual practices, among young women and men. The staff at a youth centre in a city in central Sweden asked the visitors if they had seen pornography and if they wanted to be interviewed about their experiences. Ten young women and eight men, aged 16-23 years, participated. In-depth interviews were performed and open-ended questions about pornography and sexuality were posed. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed according to grounded theory. The core category 'Living with the current sexual norm' depicted how pornography created sexual expectations and demands, for instance, to perform certain sexual acts. The informants expressed contradictory feelings towards pornography and felt that sexuality was separated from intimacy. A moral attitude was described and examples of stereotypic gender roles were given. To deal with the current sexual norm, informants had different individual handling strategies and attitudes to pornography, namely liberal, normalization, distance, feminist or conservative. Limitations of this study were the small sample size and that results from a qualitative research study cannot be generalized. The results contribute to an understanding of how pornographic material can influence young peoples' thoughts, reflections and sexual behaviour. This indicates the importance, for personnel at youth centres and schools, to discuss sexual behaviour and how sexuality is portrayed in pornographic material with young people.
  •  
32.
  • Johansen, Dorthe, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic factors and the risk of pancreatic cancer : a prospective analysis of almost 580,000 men and women in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 19:9, s. 2307-2317
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between factors in metabolic syndrome (MetS; single and combined) and the risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: The Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project is a pooled cohort containing data on body mass index, blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. During follow-up, 862 individuals were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals using the above-mentioned factors categorized into quintiles and transformed into z-scores. All z-scores were summarized and a second z-transformation creating a composite z-score for MetS was done. All risk estimates were calibrated to correct for a regression dilution bias. RESULTS: The trend over quintiles was positively associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer for mid-blood pressure (mid-BP) and glucose in men and for body mass index, mid-BP, and glucose in women. The z-score for the adjusted mid-BP (RR, 1.10; 1.01-1.20) and the calibrated z-score for glucose (RR, 1.37; 1.14-1.34) were positively associated with pancreatic cancer in men. In women, a positive association was found for calibrated z-scores for mid-BP (RR, 1.34; 1.08-1.66), for the calibrated z-score for glucose (RR, 1.98; 1.41-2.76), and for the composite z-score for MetS (RR, 1.58; 1.34-1.87). CONCLUSION: Our study adds further evidence to a possible link between abnormal glucose metabolism and risk of pancreatic cancer. IMPACT: To our knowledge, this is the first study on MetS and pancreatic cancer using prediagnostic measurements of the examined factors.
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33.
  • Kamali, Saeed, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of mixing tool on magnetic properties of hematite nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 534, s. 260-264
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer and magnetization measurements have been performed on hematite nanoparticles, prepared by sol-gel method, to study the effect of the mixing tools used in the preparation on their magnetic properties. It has been shown that the mixing tool, i.e. magnetic or mechanical, has a crucial effect on the magnetic behaviors of magnetic nanoparticles. Furthermore, the degree of purity of nitrogen gas used in the preparation process also plays a minor role in magnetic properties of such nanoparticles.
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34.
  • KC, Ashish, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Changes in preterm birth and stillbirth during COVID-19 lockdowns in 26 countries.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature human behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 7:4, s. 529-544
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Changes in PTB rates, ranging from -90% to +30%, were reported in many countries following early COVID-19 pandemic response measures ('lockdowns'). It is unclear whether this variation reflects real differences in lockdown impacts, or perhaps differences in stillbirth rates and/or study designs. Here we present interrupted time series and meta-analyses using harmonized data from 52 million births in 26 countries, 18 of which had representative population-based data, with overall PTB rates ranging from 6% to 12% and stillbirth ranging from 2.5 to 10.5 per 1,000 births. We show small reductions in PTB in the first (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.95-0.98, P value <0.0001), second (0.96, 0.92-0.99, 0.03) and third (0.97, 0.94-1.00, 0.09) months of lockdown, but not in the fourth month of lockdown (0.99, 0.96-1.01, 0.34), although there were some between-country differences after the first month. For high-income countries in this study, we did not observe an association between lockdown and stillbirths in the second (1.00, 0.88-1.14, 0.98), third (0.99, 0.88-1.12, 0.89) and fourth (1.01, 0.87-1.18, 0.86) months of lockdown, although we have imprecise estimates due to stillbirths being a relatively rare event. We did, however, find evidence of increased risk of stillbirth in the first month of lockdown in high-income countries (1.14, 1.02-1.29, 0.02) and, in Brazil, we found evidence for an association between lockdown and stillbirth in the second (1.09, 1.03-1.15, 0.002), third (1.10, 1.03-1.17, 0.003) and fourth (1.12, 1.05-1.19, <0.001) months of lockdown. With an estimated 14.8 million PTB annually worldwide, the modest reductions observed during early pandemic lockdowns translate into large numbers of PTB averted globally and warrant further research into causal pathways.
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35.
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36.
  • Lindberg, Lisbeth, 1946, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment in mathemathics teacher education
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: "Voices on learning and instruction in mathematics", editors: Jonas Emanuelsson, Laura Fainsilber, Johan Häggström, Angelika Kullberg, Berner Lindström, Madeleine Löwing. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789185143207 ; , s. 331-350
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Authentic tasks can promote higher-order learning. In the student task discussed in this paper the student teachers developed, tried, graded, discussed and revised mathematics test questions, in connection to an amusement park visit. The task was designed in an effort to bring the teacher educators in the mathematics and educational departments and those in the schools closer to each other through participation in a joint project, which was part of the "VFU" - the time that student teachers spend in school as part of the subject studies. The task involved different aspects of authenticity, both in the mathematics questions created in and in the creation of questions.Qualities in students' problems are discussed, and also student reflections on pupil and teacher reactions in relation to the authentic contexts. Traditional textbook problems were found to have a strong influence, as evidenced by many of the student-created problems and some of the supervisor reactions. Students' descriptions of teacher comments indicated that these focused more on classroom management than on mathematics content, consistent with traditional expectations on the VFU.
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37.
  • Lindkvist, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: a prospective study of 580 000 subjects within the Me-Can project
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and a decreased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, little is known about the risk of EAC and ESCC related to other metabolic risk factors. We aimed to examine the risk of EAC and ESCC in relation to metabolic risk factors, separately and combined in a prospective cohort study. Methods: The Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer cohort includes prospective cohorts in Austria, Norway and Sweden, with blood pressure, lipids, glucose and BMI available from 578 700 individuals. Relative risk (RR) for EAC and ESCC was calculated using Cox's proportional hazards analysis for metabolic risk factors categorized into quintiles and transformed into z-scores. The standardized sum of all z-scores was used as a composite score for the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Results: In total, 324 histologically verified cases of esophageal cancer were identified (114 EAC, 184 ESCC and 26 with other histology). BMI was associated with an increased risk of EAC (RR 7.34 (95% confidence interval, 2.88-18.7) top versus bottom quintile) and negatively associated with the risk of ESCC (RR 0.38 (0.23-0.62)). The mean value of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mid blood pressure) was associated with the risk of ESCC (RR 1.77 (1.37-2.29)). The composite MetS score was associated with the risk of EAC (RR 1.56 (1.19-2.05) per one unit increase of z-score) but not ESCC. Conclusions: In accordance with previous studies, high BMI was associated with an increased risk of EAC and a decreased risk of ESCC. An association between high blood pressure and risk of ESCC was observed but alcohol consumption is a potential confounding factor that we were not able to adjust for in the analysis. The MetS was associated with EAC but not ESCC. However this association was largely driven by the strong association between BMI and EAC. We hypothesize that this association is more likely to be explained by factors directly related to obesity than the metabolic state of the MetS, considering that no other metabolic factor than BMI was associated with EAC.
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38.
  • Lindkvist, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Prospective cohort study of metabolic risk factors and gastric adenocarcinoma risk in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can)
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 24:1, s. 107-116
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Little is known about the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether metabolic risk factors, together or combined, were associated with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. The Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can) is a pooling of prospective cohorts in Austria, Norway, and Sweden with information on blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and BMI available in 578,700 individuals. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) of gastric adenocarcinoma using metabolic risk factors categorized into quintiles and transformed into z-scores (with mean = 0 and SD = 1). The standardized sum of all z-scores created a composite MetS score. In total, 1,210 incident cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were identified. Glucose was significantly associated with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma [calibrated HR 1.58 (1.14-2.20) per one unit increment in z-score] in women. There was a statistically significant association between triglycerides and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma per mmol increment in triglycerides [HR 1.20 (1.06-1.36) per mmol] but not for the adjusted z-score in women. There were no significant association between any metabolic factors and gastric cancer among men. The composite MetS score was associated with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in women [HR 1.18 (1.00-1.38) per one unit increment in z-score] but not in men. Glucose and high levels of the composite MetS score were associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in women but not in men.
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39.
  • Möller, Christina Ström, et al. (författare)
  • Age and follow-up time affect the prognostic value of the ECG and conventional cardiovascular risk factors for stroke in adult men
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 61:8, s. 704-712
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To explore whether the predictive power of mid-life ECG abnormalities and conventional cardiovascular risk factors for future stroke change over a 30-year follow-up period, and whether a repeated examination improves their predictive power. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal population-based study. PARTICIPANTS: 2,322 men aged 50 years, with a follow-up period of 30 years. 1,221 subjects were re-examined at age 70 years MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Risk for fatal and non-fatal stroke during three decades of follow-up. Investigations included resting ECG and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: When measured at age 50 years, ST segment depression and T wave abnormalities, together with ECG-left ventricular hypertrophy, were of importance only during the first 20 years, but regained importance when re-measured at age 70 years. Blood pressure was a significant predictor for stroke over all three decades of follow-up. In elderly people only, there is evidence that apolipoprotein A1 may protect from future stroke. CONCLUSION: Mid-life values for blood pressure and ECG abnormalities retain their predictive value over long follow-up periods even though they improved in predictive power when re-measured in elderly people. Despite lower prevalence, ECG abnormalities had greater impact at age 50 years than at age 70 years. By contrast, apolipoprotein A1 was protective for future stroke only at age 70 years.
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40.
  • Nagel, G., et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic factors and blood cancers among 578,000 adults in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can)
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Annals of Hematology. - New York : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-5555 .- 1432-0584. ; 91:10, s. 1519-1531
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated associations between metabolic factors and blood cancer subtypes. Data on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides from seven prospective cohorts were pooled (n = 578,700; mean age = 44 years). Relative risks of blood cancers were calculated from Cox regression models. During mean follow-up of 12 years, 2,751 incident and 1,070 fatal cases of blood cancers occurred. Overall, higher BMI was associated with an increased blood cancer risk. In gender-specific subgroup analyses, BMI was positively associated with blood cancer risk (p = 0.002), lymphoid neoplasms (p = 0.01), and Hodgkin's lymphoma (p = 0.02) in women. Further associations with BMI were found for high-grade B-cell lymphoma (p = 0.02) and chronic lymphatic leukemia in men (p = 0.05) and women (p = 0.01). Higher cholesterol levels were inversely associated with myeloid neoplasms in women (p = 0.01), particularly acute myeloid leukemia (p = 0.003), and glucose was positively associated with chronic myeloid leukemia in women (p = 0.03). In men, glucose was positively associated with risk of high-grade B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, while cholesterol was inversely associated with low-grade B-cell lymphoma. The metabolic syndrome score was related to 48 % increased risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma among women. BMI showed up as the most consistent risk factor, particularly in women. A clear pattern was not found for other metabolic factors.
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41.
  • Nagel, Gabriele, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic risk factors and skin cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can)
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 167:1, s. 59-67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background  Little is known about the associations of metabolic aberrations with malignant melanoma (MM) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Objectives  To assess the associations between metabolic factors (both individually and combined) and the risk of skin cancer in the large prospective Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can). Methods  During a mean follow-up of 12 years of the Me-Can cohort, 1728 (41% women) incident MM, 230 (23% women) fatal MM and 1145 (33% women) NMSC were identified. Most NMSC cases (76%) were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (873, 33% women). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression for quintiles and standardized z-scores (with a mean of 0 and SD of 1) of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and for a combined metabolic syndrome score. Risk estimates were corrected for random error in the measurements. Results  Blood pressure per unit increase of z-score was associated with an increased risk of incident MM cases in men and women [HR 1·17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·04-1·31 and HR 1·18, 95% CI 1·03-1·36, respectively] and fatal MM cases among women (HR 2·39, 95% CI 1·58-3·64). In men, all quintiles for BMI above the reference were associated with a higher risk of incident MM. In women, SCC NMSC risk increased across quintiles for glucose levels (P-trend 0·02) and there was a trend with triglyceride concentration (P-trend 0·09). Conclusion  These findings suggest that mechanisms linked to blood pressure may be involved in the pathogenesis of MM. SCC NMSC in women could be related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
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42.
  • Nagel, G, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic syndrome and rare gynecological cancers in the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can)
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Oxford Journals. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 22:6, s. 1339-1345
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Risk factors for rare gynecological cancers are largely unknown. Initial research has indicated that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) or individual components could play a role. Materials and methods: The Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project cohort includes 288 834 women. During an average follow-up of 11 years, 82 vulvar, 26 vaginal and 43 other rare gynecological cancers were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated fitting Cox proportional hazards regression models for tertiles and standardized z-scores [with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation (SD) of 1] of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and MetS. Risk estimates were corrected for random error in the measurement of metabolic factors. RESULTS: The MetS was associated with increased risk of vulvar [HR 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.41) and vaginal cancer (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07-3.25). Among separate MetS components, 1 SD increase in BMI was associated with overall risk (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23-1.66), vulvar (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.69) and vaginal cancer (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.30-2.46). Blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations were associated with increased risk of vulvar cancer (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.10-3.58 and HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.39-3.15, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results from this first prospective study on rare gynecological cancers suggest that the MetS and its individual components may play a role in the development of these tumors.
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43.
  • Nyberg, Joakim, et al. (författare)
  • Properties of the full random-effect modeling approach with missing covariate data
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Statistics in Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0277-6715 .- 1097-0258. ; 43:5, s. 935-952
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During drug development, a key step is the identification of relevant covariates predicting between-subject variations in drug response. The full random effects model (FREM) is one of the full-covariate approaches used to identify relevant covariates in nonlinear mixed effects models. Here we explore the ability of FREM to handle missing (both missing completely at random (MCAR) and missing at random (MAR)) covariate data and compare it to the full fixed-effects model (FFEM) approach, applied either with complete case analysis or mean imputation. A global health dataset (20 421 children) was used to develop a FREM describing the changes of height for age Z-score (HAZ) over time. Simulated datasets (n = 1000) were generated with variable rates of missing (MCAR) covariate data (0%-90%) and different proportions of missing (MAR) data condition on either observed covariates or predicted HAZ. The three methods were used to re-estimate model and compared in terms of bias and precision which showed that FREM had only minor increases in bias and minor loss of precision at increasing percentages of missing (MCAR) covariate data and performed similarly in the MAR scenarios. Conversely, the FFEM approaches either collapsed at ≥70% of missing (MCAR) covariate data (FFEM complete case analysis) or had large bias increases and loss of precision (FFEM with mean imputation). Our results suggest that FREM is an appropriate approach to covariate modeling for datasets with missing (MCAR and MAR) covariate data, such as in global health studies.
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44.
  • Ojwang, Dickson O., et al. (författare)
  • Influence of sodium content on the thermal behavior of low vacancy Prussian white cathode material
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 49:11, s. 3570-3579
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries are the most attractive substitutes for lithium-ion batteries in large-scale energy storage devices due to wide spread reserves and low-cost of sodium resources and the similarities between sodium and lithium chemistry. However, finding a suitable cathode material is still a hurdle to be overcome. To date, Prussian white (PW), NaxFe[Fe(CN)(6)](y)center dot nH(2)O has stood out as one of the most promising Na-host materials due to its low cost, facile synthesis and competitive electrochemical capacity. Despite this, there are concerns that this material will thermally decompose at relatively low temperatures to form cyanogen gas, which is a safety hazard. Thus, low vacancy NaxFe[Fe(CN)(6)](y)center dot nH(2)O (x = 1.5, 1, 0.5 and 0) has been synthesized, and the influence of x on its thermal behavior systematically investigated. It is demonstrated that the thermal decomposition temperature, water content and moisture sensitivity of the samples strongly depend on the sodium content. The sample with x = 1.5 is found to be the most thermally stable and has the highest water content under the same experimental conditions. In addition, the sodium-rich samples (x = 1.5, 1 and 0.5) have higher surface water than the sodium-deficient one (x = 0). The local structure for this sample is also very different to the sodium-rich ones. Our findings offer new insights into the profound implications of proper material handling and safer operating conditions for practical Na-ion batteries and may be extended to analogous systems.
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45.
  • Perspectives on Professional development of mathematics teachers : Proceedings of MDIF11: The 11th Swedish Mathematics Education Research Seminar, 23–28 January 2018, Karlstad, Sweden
  • 2018
  • Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This volume contains the proceedings of MADIF 11, the eleventh Swedish Mathematics Education Research Seminar, held in Karlstad, January 23–24, 2018. The theme for this seminar was Perspectives on professional development of mathematics teachers. The MADIF seminars are organised by the Swedish Society for Research in Mathematics Education (SMDF). MADIF aims to enhance the opportunities for discussion of research and exchange of perspectives, amongst junior researchers and between junior and senior researchers in the field. The first seminar took place in January 1999 at Lärarhögskolan in Stockholm and included the constitution of the SMDF. The list shows all MADIF seminars.MADIF 1, 1999, StockholmMADIF 2, 2000, GöteborgMADIF 3, 2002, NorrköpingMADIF 4, 2004, MalmöMADIF 5, 2006, MalmöMADIF 6, 2008, StockholmMADIF 7, 2010, StockholmMADIF 8, 2012, UmeåMADIF 9, 2014, UmeåMADIF 10, 2016, KarlstadMADIF 11, 2018, KarlstadPrinted proceedings of the seminars are available for all but the very first meeting. This volume and the proceedings from MADIF 9 and 10 are also available digitally.The members of the MADIF 11 programme committee were Johan Häggström (University of Gothenburg), Yvonne Liljekvist (Karlstad University), Jonas Bergman Ärlebäck (Linköping University), Maria Fahlgren (Karl-stad University) and Oduor Olande (Linneaus University ). The local organisers were Yvonne Liljekvist and Mats Brunström (Karlstad University). The programme of MADIF 11 included two plenary lectures by invited speakers JeungSuk Pang and Peter Liljedahl. As before, MADIF works with a format of full 10 page papers and with short presentations. This year the number of full papers was eighteen, which is twice as many as in MADIF 10.The number of short presentations were eleven. The seminar also had one symposium, where three papers around a common theme were presented and dis-cussed. As the research seminars have sustained the idea of offering formats for presentation that enhance feedback and exchange, the paper presentations are organised as discussion sessions based on points raised by an invited reactor. The organising committee would like to express its thanks to the following col-leagues for their commitment to the task of being reactors and moderators: Abdel Seidouvy, Anette Bagger, Cecilia Kilhamn, Hanna Palmér, Jan Olsson, Jöran Petersson, Kajsa Bråting, Kirsti Hemmi, Kristina Juter, Linda Marie Ahl, Lotta Wedman, Mette Susanne Andresen, Mirela Vinerean Bernhoff, Nils Buchholz, Ola Helenius, Olaf Knapp, Peter Frejd, Peter Nyström and Tomas Bergqvist.This volume comprises summaries of the two plenary addresses, 18 research reports (papers), one symposia and abstracts for the eleven short presentations. In a rigorous two-step review process for presentation and publication, all papers were peer-reviewed by two or three researchers. Short presentation contributions were reviewed by members of the programme committee. Since 2010, the MADIF Proceedings have been designated scientific level 1 in the Norwegian list of authorised publication channels available at http://dbh.nsd.uib.no/kanaler/.The editors are grateful to the following colleagues for providing reviews: Abdel Seidouvy, Allan Tarp, Andreas Ryve, Anette Bagger, Angelika Kullberg, Anna Teledahl, Anna-Lena Ekdahl, Arne Engström, Barbro Grevholm, Björn Textorius, Camilla Björklund, Cecilia Kilhamn, Ceclilia Segerby, Cristina Skodras, Cristina Svensson, Djamshid Farahani, Eva Taflin, Frode Rønning, Gerd Brandell, Hanna Palmér, Hamid Asghari, Helena Roos, Håkan Lennerstad, Håkan Sollerwall, Ida Bergvall, Jan Olsson, Jannika Lindwall, Joakim Samuelsson, Jonas Dahl, Jorryt van Bommel, Judy Sayers, Jöran Petersson, Kajsa Bråting, Karolina Muhrman, Kenneth Ruthven, Kirsti Hemmi, Kris-tina Juter, Lars Madej, Leslie Jiménez, Linda Marie Ahl, Lotta Wedman, Madis Lepik, Maike Schindler, Magnus Österholm, Maria Alkhede, Maria Larsson, Maria Reis, Marie Tanner, Margareta Engvall, Mathias Norqvist, Mette Susanne Andresen, Morten Blomhøj, Ola Helenius, Olaf Knapp, Paul Andrews, Per Nilsson, Peter Frejd, Peter Nyström, Reidar Mosvold, Robert Gunnarsson, Suela Kacerja, Takashi Kawakami, Thomas Lingefjärd, Tomas Bergqvist, Troels Lange and Uffe Thomas Jankvist.The organising committee and the editors would like to express their grati-tude to the organisers of Matematikbiennalen 2018 for financially supporting the seminar. Finally we would like to thank all participants of MADIF 11 for sustaining their engagement in an intense scholarly activity during the seminar with its tight timetable, and for contributing to an open, positive and friendly atmosphere.
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46.
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47.
  • Rownaghi, Ali, et al. (författare)
  • Yield of dimethyl ether and gasoline as a function of size of ZSM-5 crystals
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: 2010 AIChE annual meeting conference proceedings. - New York : American Institute of Chemical Engineers. - 9780816910656
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work we have studied different acidic zeolitic solid catalysts ZSM-5 with different crystal size, measuring their physical-chemical properties and correlating this with the activity, selectivity at different process condition during the conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) and gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons. The catalytic properties of these catalysts depended mainly on the crystal size and surface properties. Methanol feed in the DME and gasoline process is derived from black liquor-based syngas. The methanol to DME and gasoline process involves the conversion of black liquor syngas to crude methanol and methanol to DME and gasoline
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48.
  • Rutegård, Martin, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Defunctioning loop ileostomy in anterior resection for rectal cancer and subsequent renal failure : nationwide population-based study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: BJS Open. - : Oxford University Press. - 2474-9842. ; 7:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Electrolyte disturbances and dehydration are common after anterior resection for rectal cancer with a defunctioning loop ileostomy. High-quality population-based studies on the impact of a defunctioning loop ileostomy on renal failure are lacking.METHODS: This was a nationwide observational study, based on the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry of patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer between 2008 and 2016, with follow-up until 2017. Patients with severe co-morbidity, with age greater than 80 years, and with pre-existing renal failure were excluded. Loop ileostomy at index surgery constituted exposure, while a diagnosis of renal failure was the outcome. Acute and chronic events were analysed separately. Inverse probability weighting with adjustment for confounding derived from a causal diagram was employed. Hazards ratios (HRs) with 95 per cent c.i. are reported.RESULTS: A total of 5355 patients were eligible for analysis. At 5-year follow-up, all renal failure events (acute and chronic) were 7.2 per cent and 3.3 per cent in the defunctioning stoma and no stoma groups respectively. In the weighted analysis, a HR of 11.59 (95 per cent c.i. 5.68 to 23.65) for renal failure in ostomates was detected at 1 year, with the largest effect from acute renal failure (HR 24.04 (95 per cent c.i. 8.38 to 68.93)). Later follow-up demonstrated a similar pattern, but with smaller effect sizes.CONCLUSION: Patients having a loop ileostomy in combination with anterior resection for rectal cancer are more likely to have renal failure, especially early after surgery. Strategies are needed, such as careful fluid management protocols, and further research into alternative stoma types or reduction in stoma formation.
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49.
  • Stocks, Tanja, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic risk score and cancer risk : pooled analysis of seven cohorts
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 44:4, s. 1353-1363
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There are few data on the joint influence of metabolic factors on risk of separate cancers. Methods: We analysed data on body mass index, blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides from seven European cohorts comprising 564 596 men and women with a mean age of 44 years. We weighted those factors equally into a standardized metabolic risk score [MRS, mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1], with an individual's level indicated as SDs from the sex-and cohort-specific means. Cancer hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression with age as timescale and with relevant adjustments including smoking status. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: During a mean follow-up of 12 years, 21 593 men and 14 348 women were diagnosed with cancer. MRS was linearly and positively associated with incident cancer in total and at sites (P<0.05). In men, risk per SD MRS was increased by 43% (95% confidence interval: 27-61) for renal cell cancer, 43% (16-76) for liver cancer, 29% (20-38) for colon cancer, 27% (5-54) for oesophageal cancer, 20% (9-31) for rectal cancer, 19% (4-37) for leukaemias, 15% (1-30) for oral cancer and 10% (2-19) for bladder cancer. In women, risk increases per SD MRS were 56% (42-70) for endometrial cancer, 53% (29-81) for pancreatic cancer, 40% (16-67) for renal cell cancer, 27% (9-47) for cervical cancer and 17% (3-32) for rectal cancer. Conclusion: This largest study to date on the joint influence of metabolic factors on risk of separate cancers showed increased risks for several cancers, in particular renal cell and liver cancer in men and endometrial and pancreatic cancer in women.
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50.
  • Strohmaier, Susanne, et al. (författare)
  • Total Serum Cholesterol and Cancer Incidence in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can)
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:1, s. e54242-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate the association between total serum cholesterol (TSC) and cancer incidence in the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can).Methods: Me-Can consists of seven cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden including 289,273 male and 288,057 female participants prospectively followed up for cancer incidence (n = 38,978) with a mean follow-up of 11.7 years. Cox regression models with age as the underlying time metric were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for quintiles of cholesterol levels and per 1 mmol/l, adjusting for age at first measurement, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. Estimates were corrected for regression dilution bias. Furthermore, we performed lag time analyses, excluding different times of follow-up, in order to check for reverse causation.Results: In men, compared with the 1st quintile, TSC concentrations in the 5th quintile were borderline significantly associated with decreasing risk of total cancer (HR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.00). Significant inverse associations were observed for cancers of the liver/intrahepatic bile duct (HR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.29), pancreas cancer (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.81), non-melanoma of skin (HR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95), and cancers of the lymph-/hematopoietic tissue (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87). In women, hazard ratios for the 5th quintile were associated with decreasing risk of total cancer (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.93) and for cancers of the gallbladder (HR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.62), breast (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.81), melanoma of skin (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.88), and cancers of the lymph-/hematopoietic tissue (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.83).Conclusion: TSC was negatively associated with risk of cancer overall in females and risk of cancer at several sites in both males and females. In lag time analyses some associations persisted, suggesting that for these cancer sites reverse causation did not apply.
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