| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Jenny, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The Volume Fraction of a Non-overlapping Germ-grain Model
- 2006
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Ingår i: Electronic Communications in Probability. - 1083-589X. ; 11, s. 78-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the volume fraction of a model of non--overlapping convex grains. It is obtained from thinning a Poisson process where each point has a weight and is the centre of a grain, by removing any grain that is overlapped by one of larger or equal weight. In the limit as the intensity of the Poisson process tends to infinity, the model can be identified with the intact grains in the dead leaves model if the weights are independent of the grain sizes. In this case we can show that the volume fraction is at most $1/2^d$ for $d=1$ or $2$ if the shape is fixed, but the size and the orientation are random. The upper bound is achieved for centrally symmetric sets of the same size and orientation. For general $d$ we can show the upper bound, $1/2^d$, for spherical grains with two--point radius distribution. If dependence between weight and size is allowed, it is possible to achieve a volume fraction arbitrarily close to one.
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| 3. |
- Arrhenius, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Bevare oss för det brittiska utvärderingseländet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Universitetsläraren. - 0282-4973. ; 2012:18 dec
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SVENSKA universitetsledningar tenderar numera att prioritera lärosätets intäkter högre än allt annat, inklusive klassiska akademiska ideal som bildning och fri forskning. Därför fruktar vi att ett genomförande av Jan Björklunds planer kommer att leda till samma slags vansinne i Sverige som vi nu ser i Storbritannien.
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| 4. |
- Axelson-Fisk, Marina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Biased random walk in a one-dimensional percolation model
- 2009
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Ingår i: Stochastic processes and their Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4149. ; 119:10, s. 3395-3415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider random walk with a nonzero bias to the right, on the infinite cluster in the following percolation model: take i.i.d.\ bond percolation with retention parameter $p$ on the so-called infinite ladder, and condition on the event of having a bi-infinite path from $-\infty$ to $\infty$. The random walk is shown to be transient, and to have an asymptotic speed to the right which strictly positive or zero depending on whether the bias is below or above a certain critical value which we compute explicitly.
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| 5. |
- Axelson-Fisk, Marina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Conditional percolation on one-dimensional lattices
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Probability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0001-8678 .- 1475-6064. ; 41:4, s. 3395-3415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conditioning i.i.d.\ bond percolation with retention parameter $p$ on a one-dimensional periodic lattice on the event of having a bi-infinite path from $-\infty$ to $\infty$ is shown to make sense, and the resulting model exhibits a Markovian structure that facilitates its analysis. Stochastic monotonicity in $p$ turns out to fail in general for this model, but a weaker monotonicity property does hold: the average edge density is increasing in $p$.
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| 6. |
- Baum, Seth D., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term trajectories of human civilization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Foresight. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1463-6689 .- 1465-9832. ; 21:11, s. 53-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to formalize long-term trajectories of human civilization as a scientific and ethical field of study. The long-term trajectory of human civilization can be defined as the path that human civilization takes during the entire future time period in which human civilization could continue to exist. Design/methodology/approach: This paper focuses on four types of trajectories: status quo trajectories, in which human civilization persists in a state broadly similar to its current state into the distant future; catastrophe trajectories, in which one or more events cause significant harm to human civilization; technological transformation trajectories, in which radical technological breakthroughs put human civilization on a fundamentally different course; and astronomical trajectories, in which human civilization expands beyond its home planet and into the accessible portions of the cosmos. Findings: Status quo trajectories appear unlikely to persist into the distant future, especially in light of long-term astronomical processes. Several catastrophe, technological transformation and astronomical trajectories appear possible. Originality/value: Some current actions may be able to affect the long-term trajectory. Whether these actions should be pursued depends on a mix of empirical and ethical factors. For some ethical frameworks, these actions may be especially important to pursue.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Broman, Erik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Refinements of Stochastic Domination
- 2006
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Ingår i: Probability theory and related fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0178-8051 .- 1432-2064. ; 136:4, s. 587-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent paper by two of the authors, the concepts of upwards and downwards epsilon-movability were introduced, mainly as a technical tool for studying dynamical percolation of interacting particle systems. In this paper, we further explore these concepts which can be seen as refinements or quantifications of stochastic domination, and we relate them to previously studied concepts such as uniform insertion tolerance and extractability.
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| 14. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Deijfen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Nonmonotonic Coexistence Regions for the Two-type Richardson Model on Graphs
- 2006
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Probability. - 1083-6489. ; 11, s. 331-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the two-type Richardson model on a graph G=(V,E), each vertex is at a given time in state 0,1 or 2. A 0 flips to a 1 (resp. 2) at rate λ1 (λ2) times the number of neighboring 1's (2's), while 1's and 2's never flip. When G is infinite, the main question is whether, starting from a single 1 and a single 2, with positive probability we will see both types of infection reach infinitely many sites. This has previously been studied on the d-dimensional cubic lattice Z2, d≥2, where the conjecture (on which a good deal of progress has been made) is that such coexistence has positive probability if and only if λ1 =λ2. In the present paper examples are given of other graphs where the set of points in the parameter space which admit such coexistence has a more surprising form. In particular, there exist graphs exhibiting coexistence at some value of (λ1 /λ2) and non-coexistence when this ratio is brought closer to 1.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Deijfen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Percolation in invariant Poisson graphs with i.i.d. degrees
- 2012
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Ingår i: Arkiv for Matematik. - : International Press of Boston. - 0004-2080 .- 1871-2487. ; 50:1, s. 41-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let each point of a homogeneous Poisson process in R-d independently be equipped with a random number of stubs (half-edges) according to a given probability distribution mu on the positive integers. We consider translation-invariant schemes for perfectly matching the stubs to obtain a simple graph with degree distribution mu. Leaving aside degenerate cases, we prove that for any mu there exist schemes that give only finite components as well as schemes that give infinite components. For a particular matching scheme which is a natural extension of Gale-Shapley stable marriage, we give sufficient conditions on mu for the absence and presence of infinite components.
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| 23. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Dubhashi, Devdatt, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Blue pleiades, a new solution for device discovery and scatternet formation in multi-hop bluetooth networks
- 2007
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Ingår i: Wireless Networks. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we introduce a novel and unified approach to the problems of device discovery and scatternet formation for the Bluetooth standard. We introduce a stochastic model for Bluetooth device discovery and prove that a protocol based on very simple local rules generates a topology that, with high probability, is connected and, crucially, has constant maximum degree. Based on this, we develop a new protocol for device discovery and scatternet formation for multi-hop BlueTooth networks. By means of extensive ns2 simulations we show that our solution is simple to implement, fast and requires low overhead, both for the device discovery and the scatternet formation phases, and leads to better performance when compared to the major approaches so far proposed in the literature.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Dubhashi, Devdatt, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Localized techniques for broadcasting in wireless sensor networks.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Algorithmica. ; 49:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we tackle the problem of designing simple, localized, low energy consuming, reliable protocols for one-to-all communication in large scale wireless sensor networks. Our first proposed technique, called the Irrigator protocol, relies on the idea to first build a sparse overlay network, and then flood over it. The overlay network is set up by means of a simple, distributed, localized probabilistic protocol and spans all the sensor nodes with high probability. Based on the algorithmic ideas of the Irrigator protocol we then develop a second protocol, dubbed Fireworks, with similar performance that does not require any overlay network to be set up in advance. Asymptotic analytical results are provided which assess the reliability of the Irrigator and Fireworks techniques. The theoretical analysis of the proposed protocols is complemented and validated by a (simulation based) comparative performance evaluation that assesses several advantages of our new protocols with respect to gossiping and simple flooding. Differently from previous studies, we analyze and demonstrate the performance of our protocols for two different node distributions: The typical uniform distribution and a newly defined “hill” distribution, here introduced to capture some of the important and more realistic aspects of node deployment in heterogeneous terrain. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes achieve very good trade-offs between low overhead, low energy consumption and high reliability. In particular, the Irrigator and Fireworks protocols are more reliable than gossiping, and significantly reduce the number of links along which a message is sent over both flooding and gossiping.
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| 32. |
- Eklund, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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Ekonomer på villovägar
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. ; 2009:6, s. 76-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Lord's Paradox in a Continuous Setting and a Regression Artifact in Numerical Cognition Research.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:4, s. e95949-e95949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we review, and elaborate on, the literature on a regression artifact related to Lord's paradox in a continuous setting. Specifically, the question is whether a continuous property of individuals predicts improvement from training between a pretest and a posttest. If the pretest score is included as a covariate, regression to the mean will lead to biased results if two critical conditions are satisfied: (1) the property is correlated with pretest scores and (2) pretest scores include random errors. We discuss how these conditions apply to the analysis in a published experimental study, the authors of which concluded that linearity of children's estimations of numerical magnitudes predicts arithmetic learning from a training program. However, the two critical conditions were clearly met in that study. In a reanalysis we find that the bias in the method can fully account for the effect found in the original study. In other words, data are consistent with the null hypothesis that numerical magnitude estimations are unrelated to arithmetic learning.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Goldberg, L.R., et al.
(författare)
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Mathematics awareness month: The future of prediction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Notices of the American Mathematical Society. - : American Mathematical Society (AMS). - 0002-9920 .- 1088-9477. ; 63:4, s. 352-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Hirscher, Timo, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Water transport on infinite graphs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Random Structures and Algorithms. - : Wiley. - 1098-2418 .- 1042-9832. ; 54:3, s. 515-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If the nodes of a graph are considered to be identical barrels – featuring different water levels – and the edges to be (locked) water‐filled pipes in between the barrels, consider the optimization problem of how much the water level in a fixed barrel can be raised with no pumps available, that is, by opening and closing the locks in an elaborate succession. This model is related to an opinion formation process, the so‐called Deffuant model. We consider the initial water profile to be given by i.i.d. unif(0,1) random variables, investigate the supremum of achievable water levels at a given node – or to be more precise, the support of its distribution – and ask in which settings it becomes degenerate, that is, reduces to a single value. This turns out to be the case for all infinite connected quasi‐transitive graphs, with exactly one exception: the two‐sided infinite path.
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| 38. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Häggström, Olle, 1967
(författare)
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A Pairwise Averaging Procedure with Application to Consensus Formation in the Deffuant Model
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Applicandae Mathematicae - An International Survey Journal on Applying Mathematics and Mathematical Applications. - 0167-8019 .- 1572-9036. ; 119:1, s. 185-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Place a water glass at each integer point, the one at the origin being full and all others empty, and consider averaging procedures where we repeatedly pick a pair of adjacent glasses and pool their contents, leaving the two glasses with equal amounts but with the total amount unchanged. Some simple results are derived for what kinds of configurations of water levels are obtainable via such procedures. These are applied in the analysis of the so-called Deffuant model for social interaction, where individuals have opinions represented by numbers between 0 and 1, and whenever two individuals interact they take a step towards equalizing their opinion, unless their opinions differ beyond a fixed amount θ in which case they make no adjustment. In particular, we reprove and sharpen the recent result of Lanchier which identifies the critical value θ c for consensus formation in the Deffuant model on ℤ to be 1/2 .
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Häggström, Olle, 1967
(författare)
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Absurt om fördelen att vänta
- 2006
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Ingår i: Västerbottens-Kuriren. ; :9 december
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Häggström, Olle, 1967
(författare)
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Artificial General Intelligence and the Common Sense Argument
- 2022
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Ingår i: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2192-6255 .- 2192-6263. ; 63, s. 155-160
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It has sometimes been suggested that lack of common sense in present-day AI systems demonstrates that there is no need to be concerned about future scenarios where a powerful unaligned AI seizes control of the world from us humans. This argument is criticized, and the confusion is shown to stem partly from an overly one-sided focus on artificial general intelligence (AGI), along with the implicit and unwarranted assumption that AGI must be attained before any such drastic scenarios can be realized.
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| 50. |
- Häggström, Olle, 1967
(författare)
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Arvet efter Darwin
- 2006
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Ingår i: Alba. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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