| 1. |
- Bondestam, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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En önskan att skriva abjektet : Analyser av akademisk jämställdhet
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to explore what makes the discourse on gender equality possible in the context of Swedish higher education. Three aspects of this discourse - gender equality work, positive discrimination and sexual harassment - are focused on both empirically and theoretically. Study I-III analyse these aspects as separate phenomena, and study IV reflects upon the theoretical implications emanating from the empirical field as a whole, from a discourse analytic, semiological, narrative and feminist-theoretical perspective. Each study builds upon different sets of quantitative and qualitative material: surveys on the organisation and implementation of gender equality; interviews with representatives of gender equality at different departments and with women who have experienced sexual harassment; documentation from 61 appointment processes; higher education policies on gender equality and sexual harassment; and also public policies on gender equality and higher education in Sweden from 1970 to 2000. The empirical results make visible some unintended and reproductive consequences concerning the possibilities to successfully implement methods aimed at improving gender equality. A paradox of difference, much debated in feminist politics and theory, structures different narratives within the discourse. Summing it up, it is the tendency to start out from a view on the problem of gender equality as connected with a category of women, marked as different from a norm, which makes gender equality work not only contradictory but also counterproductive. In a theoretical outline a perspective is put forward, which relates to feminist, post-structuralist theories and particularly the works of Julia Kristeva. Rereading the paradox of difference from this perspective stimulates a venture aimed at destabilising scientific claims on the discourse of gender equality. Furthermore, ideas are put forward which challenge the common-sensical views on the purpose of achieving gender equality, in favour of an endeavour suggesting the need for an intimate revolt.
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| 2. |
- de Erausquin, Gabriel A, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.). - : Wiley. - 2352-8737. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID-19 includes central nervous system manifestations mediated by inflammation and cerebrovascular, anoxic, and/or viral neurotoxicity mechanisms. More than one third of patients with COVID-19 develop neurologic problems during the acute phase of the illness, including loss of sense of smell or taste, seizures, and stroke. Damage or functional changes to the brain may result in chronic sequelae. The risk of incident cognitive and neuropsychiatric complications appears independent from the severity of the original pulmonary illness. It behooves the scientific and medical community to attempt to understand the molecular and/or systemic factors linking COVID-19 to neurologic illness, both short and long term.This article describes what is known so far in terms of links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. We focus on risk factors and possible molecular, inflammatory, and viral mechanisms underlying neurological injury. We also provide a comprehensive description of the Alzheimer's Association Consortium on Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (CNS SC2) harmonized methodology to address these questions using a worldwide network of researchers and institutions.Successful harmonization of designs and methods was achieved through a consensus process initially fragmented by specific interest groups (epidemiology, clinical assessments, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and neuroimaging). Conclusions from subcommittees were presented to the whole group and discussed extensively. Presently data collection is ongoing at 19 sites in 12 countries representing Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe.The Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium harmonized methodology is proposed as a model to study long-term neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The following review describes what is known so far in terms of molecular and epidemiological links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and AD and related dementias (ADRD)The primary objective of this large-scale collaboration is to clarify the pathogenesis of ADRD and to advance our understanding of the impact of a neurotropic virus on the long-term risk of cognitive decline and other CNS sequelae. No available evidence supports the notion that cognitive impairment after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a form of dementia (ADRD or otherwise). The longitudinal methodologies espoused by the consortium are intended to provide data to answer this question as clearly as possible controlling for possible confounders. Our specific hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 triggers ADRD-like pathology following the extended olfactory cortical network (EOCN) in older individuals with specific genetic susceptibility.The proposed harmonization strategies and flexible study designs offer the possibility to include large samples of under-represented racial and ethnic groups, creating a rich set of harmonized cohorts for future studies of the pathophysiology, determinants, long-term consequences, and trends in cognitive aging, ADRD, and vascular disease.We provide a framework for current and future studies to be carried out within the Consortium. and offers a "green paper" to the research community with a very broad, global base of support, on tools suitable for low- and middle-income countries aimed to compare and combine future longitudinal data on the topic.The Consortium proposes a combination of design and statistical methods as a means of approaching causal inference of the COVID-19 neuropsychiatric sequelae. We expect that deep phenotyping of neuropsychiatric sequelae may provide a series of candidate syndromes with phenomenological and biological characterization that can be further explored. By generating high-quality harmonized data across sites we aim to capture both descriptive and, where possible, causal associations.
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| 3. |
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De laglösa : Kriminalsociologiska studier samlade av Kaj Håkanson
- 1972
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- An introduction to sociological theories of deviance related to differential association, class culture, anomie, group processes, and outsider careers. An introduction by Kaj Håkanson followed by translations of articlels of pieces of books written by Donald R.Cressey, Walter B.Miller, Richard A. Cloward, David Matza, James F.Short jr - Fred L.Strodtbeck, Howard S.Becker and Albert K.Cohen
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Holmberg, Tora, 1967-
(författare)
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Vetenskap på gränsen
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With behavioural genetic twin- and animal-studies as a point of departure, this thesis investigates how the polyphonic talk about genes creates certain conditions for how “human behaviour” can be constructed, how the politics of boundary fixing contributes to and undermines respectively, credible narratives about human behaviour and, in the extension, about what constitutes human-ness. Furthermore, sociology is used as a sounding board in order to investigate what behavioural genetic knowledge can promote in terms of sociological insights and vice versa. Empirically, the thesis concerns how scientists describe and represent their own (and others’) research in scientific articles, popular science, at conferences and in the interviews performed with myself. But it also addresses how daily news and evening papers represent the same research in Sweden today. The results reveal that the figures included – the Twin and the Human-animal – are highly versatile. The Twin can, at a superficial gaze, be central for a hegemonic narrative about heredity and environment in different proportions, but is flexible enough to allow a variety of alternative stories and a “complementary position”. The Human-animal can in a similar fashion produce distinct boundaries between humans, on the one hand, and all other animals on the other; whilst simultaneously modifying the same boundaries in terms of “the other” as constitutive of human-ness and humans as just one species among others. These figures are thus boundary transgressing objects which refuse to be (more then temporarily) locked in one position. As an effect of this, they have double functions: they can come into use both to strengthen, and to challenge, hegemonic, scientific narratives. Due to this double-ness, an interested distrustfulness can be fruitful for discussions “over the line”; discussions where goals and possibilities are not predetermined. Manifold-ness opens for alternative notions, capable of challenging ingrained opinions and established narratives.
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| 6. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Buddhist ways of knowing and constructivism
- 2001
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Ingår i: Konstruktivismen.. - : Wilhelm Braumuller, Wien. - 3 7003 13357 ; , s. 109-133
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a starting-point in the questions "Who knows from where? Where is the knower?Where is the knowing? What are the limits to what can be known?" aspects of buddhist (taoist, vedantist) notions of knower and known are presented and related to certain problems of systems theory.
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| 7. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Den blinda fläcken : Medvetande, kropp elle materia?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 39:1, s. 28-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Blind Spot: Mind, Body or Matter?Using Nick Crossley’s recently published The Social Body. Habit, identity and desire as a starting-point the author questions certain contemporary attempts to overcome dualism (often connected with present-day sociological interest in the body). He argues that they, if committed to materialism, crude or sophisticated, will reproduce dualism. They will end in materialist reductionism, he argues,unless ”knowing” or ”mind”, a no-thing-ness, is recognized as inalienable to reality. This does not, as often assumed, imply ”solipsism” unless one accepts the very dualist presupposition that mind is some-thing ”private”, ”inside” of basically separate selves. Introducing non-dualist traditions outside of the body of academic sociology he presents certain practical forms of inquiry. Directed at or including the very inquirer they do not approach the mind/body-issue as a purely ”theoretical” issue. Mind/body-dualism is further seen as an aspect of the broader dualism of self/other, in its turn the basis for human suffering and unfreedom. He asks at last why sociology, given a certain disciplinary self-understanding, bothers about dualism. He proposes the reason it does might be an unrecognised, academically indecent ”existential” search for ”wholeness” . This “existential” aspect need be accepted, for the “problem of dualism ” to find a solution.
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| 8. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Den blinda fläcken : Medvetande, kropp eller materia
- 2002
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - Uppsala : Sveriges sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; :1, s. 28-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "The blind spot:Mind, body or matter". Taking its startingpoint in an acclaimed work by Nick Crossley, where he argues for a "non-reductive" materialism, the author tries to show that Crossley like many others in his attempt to steer free of "idealism", contrary to his stated aims ends precisely in material reductionism. By means of an illustration taken from Merleau-Ponty, where it according to Crossley is neither necessary nor possible to isolate a "mind-content", an "inner intention" etc. he draws his (erroneous) conclusion about the fundamental materialism. He does not even consider the possibility that the illustration rather reveals matter as intrinsically "knowing" or "knowing" as embodied among other things in forms which are designated "material", thus collapsing the very dualist distinction which is the starting point. Since to talk about a situation, present, remembered, imagined presupposes meaning and a knowing of a whole situation, always arbitrarily delimited, which can and need not be reduced to the inner of some separate individual observer or "knower" but rather signals an unlimited "space" of knowing(ness) which allows for different presentation of reality, distinctions, such as that between matter and mind, matter and knowing. The "being" of a situation is thus confused with the "words" that are "analytically" used to single out this or that, "making up" the relative level. A common view of "mind" inspired by G.H.Mead is critisized in the same way as based both on an understanding of interaction that intially presupposes a split between mind and matter, then projecting that backwards assuming that "mind" appeared somewhere along the line, as were it some kind of gaseous substance. This view consequently has in tow a confusion of the question how "mind", "knowing" or "knowingness" ever appeared in "evolutionary" history with the question how a particular self-identity or self-image is created. However, the author argues, Meadian theory does not allow for an explanation of mind in general as suddenly arising out of matter, but does if not to its explicit intention by its logic rather presuppose mind or "knowing" as an everpresent "aspect" of reality. It is further argued that the assumption of an unreducible "knowingness" characterizing "reality" by no means commits us to a "theoretical" idealism - that means another confusion of levels quite common in social theorizing about dualism. It is at last asked why dualism is constantly brought up as a problem in social science given some very common declarations of social scientists that their task or ambition is not to present views that encompass the whole, but rather to describe, interpret and explain parts or aspects of (social) reality. The tendency to worry about "the problem of dualism", i e between individual and society, agent and structure etc. is also strange both considering the widespread methodological view that theoretical distinctions and concepts do not "mirror" reality "as it is" but rather are conceptual tools more or less useful for the elucidation of different aspects of reality also dependent on the particual research tasks. Add to this the postmodern doxa of "difference" as basic to reality. Could it be that the constant recurrence of "the problem of dualism" within social science in direct opposition to the explicit disavowal of such goals signals an unacknowledged, "indecent" drive away from "alienation" towards a theoretical wholeness which also spells existential? This implicitness is then contrasted with the view of certain "eastern traditions" where "the problem of dualism" from the start is tackled not as a theoretical problem, but explicitly as a deep existential issue, where the root-cause of suffering is seen as basically embodied in the self/world, me/other split, that is the identification and reification of a certain identification with a presumed separate self, which in its turn branches off in a myriad of other seemingly unavoidable dualisms. In this view dualism is a lived problem to be solved in practice -a (dis)solution which in its turn may dissolve the concern with dualism as a theoretical problem. Considered as a theoretical problem it probably remains just that: A disturbing, constantly recurring theoretical problem unresolvable on its own terms.
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| 9. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Den skapande tomhetens bild : Om kunskap och kärlek
- 1988
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "The image of creative emptiness. On love and knowledge." This book continues the discussion from the books "Double realites", "Unknowing and knowing" and "The Unseen". Starting with a description of present-day confusion, fragmentation and suffering on theoretical and existential levels, a second part follows where a deconstructive analysis of certain - often circular- claims for knowledge as "scientific" is found. It continues with a section exploring the interwovenness of mind, knowing and space, presenting "knowing" as a form of "open space without boundaries", turns to a discussion of the consequnces of relying on a tripartite time - past, present and future - which ends in the proposal of a possible "transcendence" of conventional time. The last chapter points out a lot of dilemmas and destructive consquences of social theory, politics and ideology and asks what it could possibly mean to take "love" as a ground for knowledge. Generally the book draws on analyses within "eastern" traditions, particularly the "deconstructions" done by the third century buddhist dialectician Nagarjuna and other classical and modern representatives of so-called Madhyamika dialectic and "sunyata" (emptiness) -philosophy. It expounds the many striking parallellells between the deconstructive Madhyamika dialectic and presentday deconstrutivism or so-called postmodern thinking. The difference with respect to practical realization is also discussed and the theoretical discussions of the book are recurringly referred to all kinds of "suffering", from what is called individual psychological, over interpersonal or collective to global and historical.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Den sociala (?)determinismen och kampen för en bättre värld
- 1999
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Ingår i: Sociologisk Forskning. ; 99:2, s. 96-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "(Social) determinism and the struggle to reach a better world". It is argued that the determinism/free will antagonism is built into an everyday conceptual world which is reproduced in social science. The opposition appears in the advocation of different methodological approaches - causal explanatory vs hermeneutic-interpretative for example - or as for example a problem of levels and bridgning of levels - individual/society, agent/structure. On one hand there is then the constant oscillation between views or "perspectives". on the other hand there are the "sound" conclusions that one has to think in terms of "both/and". A closer look at varios forms of "both/and"-solutions as well as bridgings show that they in fact either end up in reductionisms (just "material determinism") that turn out to be self-contradictory or else affirms a "both/and", which though clothed in a seemingly technical terminology, simply reproduce the vague common-sense idea, which was the problem we started with. Thus for example the question where and why one perspective is applicable and not the other in the "both/and" compound is never answered. Mostly the arguments for one approach are empty or, that is implictly presupposing the very approach favored in the given case, instead of recognizing the fundamental "undecidability" of the issue as stated. It is suggested that this opposition and the consequent "undecidability" is grounded in an ingrown, taken-for-granted, experiential "sense of self", which posits the self or subject as separate from "its" world. It is suggested that the opposition, the confusion and sometimes suffering following from the grappling with this oppositions can not be solved just theoretically but will remain as long as a certain "notion of self" grounds the way reality is experienced. It may then turn out that there never were any problem.
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| 12. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Det osedda : Nio steg mot enhet
- 1983
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "The Unseen. Nine steps towards Unity". Contains among others the following sections: "The unseen self", "Notes on politics, self and Sunday clothes", "The subject in chains", "Time and emptiness", "Arbitrary boundaries between subject and object", "Values and visions", "Movement stopped", "The embodied illusion".
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| 13. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Dubbla verkligheter : Om psykoterapi, social identitet och verklighetsuppfattning
- 1981
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "Double realities. On psychotherapy, social identity and conceptions of reality". Psychotherapeutic theories, socialpsychology, everyday ideologies, philosophical questioning are used to pinpoint constantly recurring antinomies, paradoxes and dilemmas of social and behavioral science/knowledge.As a whole this book is an attempt to give a broad view of contradictions and paaradoxes within current theories and various disciplines as well as between theories and discipline all purporting to "explain" the same phenomena. It raises the question how and if this "fragmentation" and "chaos of contradictions" can be handled and what considering this situation can be reasonable claims to knowledge within the social-and behavioral sciences. Through the whole text there is a "tacking" between theoretical or philosophical analysis and very concrete examples of everyday thinking, existential dilemmas and sufferings. One part of the book is used to show the dilemmas and partly absurd consequences of arguments inspired by marxism and sociology generally, that mental illnes or psychological difficulties should not be treated since it all depended on society. The same part of the book also tries to demonstrate the contradictory character of the way certain basic values are handled in everyday life and in social science. This way of showing how strongly affirmed and generally endorsed views are contradicted by other views not less affirmed or endorsed by the same persons ("us) is typical of the discussion of the book even when the focus is for example social theory. There are however also certain more "constructive" sections like one about Meadian theory or one on "meaning in social science", the latter strongly inspired by Wittgenstein. The last section of the book brings in views from "other" thoughttraditions. It tries to show that for example many so- called "estern traditions" often disavowed (without much knowledge of them) by social scientist as "just religious beliefsystems" very early in history have pinpointed and shown a clear understanding of many of the dilemmas, contradictions and paradoxes that seen as contemporary beset both ideologies, philosophies and the social and behavioral sciences of today. It is hinted that these traditions even may have means to resolve these difficulties. This book draws the first lines of what will become the focus of discussion and analysis in most of following books by the author.
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| 14. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Jagberättelse, skuld och försoning : Reflektioner över "nedmonteringen" av jaget.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Divan: Tidskrift för psykoanalys och kultur. ; :6, s. 85-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "Narrative of self, guilt and reconciliation. Reflections on the socalled "deconstruction" of the self." Relating to presentday ideas of self as narrative, notions of "the death of the subject" and the Lacanian view of "the imaginary self" the article tries to show that most of these ideas tend to remain "abstract ideas", basically not changing our everyday ways of being and relating to "the world". It is further argued that the lacanian view of the self as it is often presented is self-contradictory since based on claims to a certain "wholistic" and "veridical" knowledge which the very theory excludes as being impossible given the way the imaginary self functions. It is argued that a giving up of certain assumptions behind the mentioned strands of thinking may open for liberation rather than "tragedy" (as for example in Lacan) or "practical standstill" (as in the case of "theoretical deconstructions of the self".)
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| 15. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Om Narkomani-definitioner
- 1967
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Ingår i: Narkotikaproblemet.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A critical analysis of many current diagnoses of drug addiction, including the official one of WHO. Basically an attempt to show that many of the current definitions are empty or circular, often also presupposing strong empirical correlations between various items where in fact such correlations are weak or just established by means of the definition.
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| 16. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Ovetande och vetande
- 1982
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "Unknowing and knowing". A caleidoscope of shorter or longer pieces drawing on philosophy, e g Wittgenstein, buddhism, social psychology, sociology etc. demonstrating the unknowing in the middle of assumed knowing and the possible knowing inherent in unknowing.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Praktikerkunskap i teorin och praktiken
- 2005
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "Practical knowledge in theory and practice". On pros, cons and contradictions in the discussion of tacit and practical knowledge versus so-called evidencebased knowledge. Asks questions about what it means to turn silent into explicit, tacit or intuitive knowledge into rules to follow. Points particularly firstly at the need to look at the practical situation before advocating tacit or explict knowledge and secondly at the tendency of social scientists to constantly try to make what they declare to be a holy silent and experiental knowledge into theoretical knowledge. The text is part of an ongoing project concerning practicebased knowledge among social workers.
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| 19. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Psykisk sjukdom: Illusioner och realiteter
- 1973
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "Mental illness: Illusions and realities." The book is a barely revised version of a licentiate´s degree dissertation from 1969. Drawing on anthropology, sociology, philosophy and generally social science the author examines and discusses various attempts to find "universal" criteria of mental illness with its various diagnostic subcategories. It critisizes psychiatric assumptions of mental illness as some kind of "entity" or "thing" unaffected by society, culture or values. It demonstrates how many attempts to explain mental illness reductively in terms of genetics, biology, brain disorder etc. are in fact circular thus treating a conceptual/definitional correlation as if it were a result of empirical findings. The dimension of power, psychiatry and diagnosis as a possible means of discounting difference and "otherness" is pointed out and related to some current discussions in Sweden. Generally the book question the idea that mental illness with its various diagnostic subcategories somehow refer to "things" irrespective of culture, society, values, perspectives.
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| 20. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Rotmetaforen och dess överskridande
- 1984
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Ingår i: Sociologisk Forskning. ; :2, s. 12-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Title: "The transcendence of the Root Metaphor". Discusses a certain view of self as the root metaphor basic for recurring problems of so-called dualism and points at possible ways of overcoming it by "seeing through" the metaphor as metaphor
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| 21. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Socialism som självstyre : Om socialismens mål och medel
- 1973
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "Socialism as Self-Government. Means and ends in socialism". Presents and discusses critically various brands of marxist theory and socialist strategies theoretically-analytically, but also with respect to various accounts of political history, political movements and questions such as that of the relation between means and ends.
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| 22. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Särskildhet och urskiljande. Om dekonstruktion, kronofobi och mystik.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Häften för kritiska studier. - 0345-4789. ; 36:1, s. 17-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "Separation or perception? On deconstruction,chronophobia and mysticism". The article questions a certain deconstructive way of critizising mysticism and its concept of timelessness. It points towards the necessity of aligning the deconstructionist theme of a "deconstructed self" with the idea of "selflessness" in mysticism. It further argues that certain arguments against the notion of "wholeness", both can rather be used to support this notion and build on a notion of wholeness, which is rather typical of the kind of "naive positivism" which normally is a target of criticism in deconstructive endeavors.
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| 23. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Upplevelsevärldens vetenskap. Några reflexioner kring R.D.Laing
- 1968
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Ingår i: Bonniers Litterära Magasin. ; :8
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "The science of the experiential world. Reflexions on R.D.Laing"Presents the (anti-)psychiatrist R.D.Laings ideas of a phenomenological/experiential knowledge and relates this to general issues of methodology within the social and behavioral sciences.(The article is reprinted together with a slightly revised licentiate's dissertation from 1968 in the book "Psykisk sjukdom: Illusioner och realiteter.")
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| 24. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Vetenskap och ideologi
- 1970
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Ingår i: Häften för Kritiska Studier. - 0345-4789. ; :4, s. 17-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "Science and Ideology". A critical discussion of views of the relation between ideology and science as expounded by among others Lois Althusser and Nicos Poulantzas
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| 25. |
- Kumlin, Tomas, 1966-
(författare)
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Genom kroppen Bortom kroppen : En upptäcktsresa vid kroppens gränser
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We could all be said to be the body in different ways. The premise of this thesis is that our conventional manner of being the body is problematic and generates suffering. The main aim of the thesis is in short to describe the conventional manner and notion of being the body and investigate what options there are. In doing this the thesis inevitably leads into other areas such as language, knowledge, environment and sociality in relation to the body.The thesis approaches the conventional manner of being the body in terms of “the dominant knowledge form” of the body. However this knowledge form is not investigated in itself but rather from the perspective of four subordinate knowledge forms which negate the dominant one. The first of these subordinate knowledge forms is found among a group of scientists named dissenting scientists. They build on established scientific knowledge of the body but draw conclusions that in important ways dissent from conventional science. The second subordinate knowledge form is made up of alternative body practitioners. These work practically with the body outside of, and sometimes even in conflict with, the views of the medical establishment. The third subordinate knowledge form is represented by a group of philosophers here named sensuous philosophers. These philosophers not only take the body as an important subject but place bodily phenomena at the centre of their philosophy in distinction to mainstream philosophy. The fourth subordinate knowledge form, finally, is that of spiritual teachers from Eastern traditions that have established themselves in the West during the last half-century. Instead of rejecting the body in the manner of certain religious traditions they advocate a first-hand knowledge of the body as an essential means to overcome fundamental human suffering.The picture that evolves in the thesis is not simply an opposition between the dominant knowledge form and the subordinate knowledge forms but a model built on three concentric circles. The circles correspond to the main conceptions of the body that turn up in the investigation with the most limited conception in the middle and the other two in succession. A general way of “functioning” and an “outside” is also tied in to these circles. In light of this model it appears that we, as both individuals and collectives, always tend to get stuck on and flee the circles, and that we, in a more “conscious” way, could undertake the work of moving from a more restricted to a more open circle. Referring to a more conventional notion of the body we could thus be said to move through the body and beyond.
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| 26. |
- Palm, Fredrik, 1973-
(författare)
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Det odödas analys : En studie av centralproblematiken i Slavoj Zizeks samhällsanalys
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the social theory of Lacanian philosopher Slavoj Žižek. It focuses on Žižek’s work between 1989 and 2006, and offers an interpretation based on a reading of three central concepts: the Other, fantasy, and the act. All these concepts occupy the intersection between Lacan’s three orders (Imaginary, Real, Symbolic), which in Žižek’s theory means that they express a tension shared by all social order. The first chapter approaches Žižek’s conception of “the social” through an introduction of the Lacanian concept of "the Other." Attention is paid to how (a) the Other is constitutively split between its role as a Symbolic network of signifiers, and its enigmatic (Real and Imaginary) capacity to support this Symbolic network; (b) a similar split marks several of Žižek’s Lacanian and Hegelian concepts. Moreover, the chapter contrasts Žižekian sociality with those of Giddens, Luhmann and Althusser. The second chapter gives an account of the topological place of fantasy in Žižek’s theory. Relating Žižek’s theory to Critical Theory, deconstruction and Deleuzian philosophy, fantasy is presented as a concept countering new forms of “bad infinity” (Hegel) in modern social theory. The third chapter links Žižek’s theory of the act to the theories of Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau, and Alain Badiou. Commenting on Rex Butler’s brilliant reading of Žižek, the thesis argues that Butler’s definition of the act is too negative. Instead, the thesis proposes a definition which emphasises the act's productive dimension, insisting on how the act ultimately involves the transformation from masculine to feminine enjoyment. The last chapter critically observes the different treatments Lacan and Derrida receive in Žižek’s text. The argument concludes that the Žižekian text relapses into a "masculine logic of exception", insofar as it leaves Derrida’s phallus untouched, while treating Lacan as the only one lacking phallus.
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| 27. |
- Westlund, Olle, 1969-
(författare)
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S(t)imulating a Social Psychology : G. H. Mead and the Reality of the Social Object
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social psychology is often said to be a scientific discipline aiming at the observation and explanation of actions between human beings or, more generally, between the human individual and the environment. This general proposition holds for most social psychologists, irrespective of allegiance. Accepting this, it is implied that we are observing the social aspect of a human individual. This text will ask for the conditions under which this social psychology is possible. Indeed, what has to be the case for the observation and explanation of the sociality of the individual to occur?On the basis of G. H. Mead, generally considered the hub around which modern social psychology developed, it will be argued that for a social psychological science to be possible, conditions are implied that make it impossible. Less rhetorically put, accepting or returning to Meads social argument and trying to co-ordinate it with basic premises of scientific conduct, one will find oneself caught between two Meadian facts. On the one hand each individual must be considered social, i.e., appearing to experience as two objects at once. On the other hand, however, explaining an object is to state the object in an unambiguous fashion, i.e., as an independent, hence individual, object. It will be argued here that Mead’s epistemology does not support a scientific and social psychology. Rather a scientific social psychology based on Mead constitutes a contradiction in terms, stemming from a series of misinterpretations. It is the objective of this text to demonstrate these misinterpretations with respect to attempts at a scientific social psychology based on the social vision of this scholar.
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| 28. |
- Wide, Sverre, 1973-
(författare)
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Människans mått : Om statistik, sociologi och världen som socialt vara
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation should be understood as an effort to provide a kind of critique of statistical reason. “A kind”, since it has another focus as well: the question of sociality. It is argued that these two topics are closely interrelated, not only, as the short exploration into the prehistory of statistics shows, for historical, but also and mainly for systematic reasons.The first part of this thesis is concerned with methods; not, in fact, so much with different methods as with the idea of methods in general. The second part deals with statistics, its prehistory and structure. It is argued that statistics is inherently causal and always and only understands the world as means (for our power), as it is. The third part explores a socio-logic, a concept meant to capture both the essence of sociality and our understanding of this sociality. And sociality, in the last analysis understood as play or game, turns out to be what cannot be controlled or dealt with in a methodical manner; it can never be reduced to what it is. The fourth and final part discusses and tries to overcome the proposed antithetical relation between statistics (methods) and sociality, and discusses possible consequences of the analysis for the fields of sociology and social thinking.In sum: The dissertation contributes to our understanding of methods, statistics and sociality and their interrelations.
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